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Organic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are attractive in harvesting mechanical energy for various self‐powering systems. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by their low output open circuit voltage. To address this issue, herein, we prepared two two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs, CityU‐13 and CityU‐14), functionalized with fluorinated alkyl chains for PENGs. The piezoelectricity of both COFs was evidenced by switchable polarization, characteristic butterfly amplitude loops, phase hysteresis loops, conspicuous surface potentials and high piezoelectric coefficient value (d33). The PENGs fabricated with COFs displayed highest output open circuit voltages (60 V for CityU‐13 and 50 V for CityU‐14) and delivered satisfactory short circuit current with an excellent stability of over 600 seconds. The superior open circuit voltages of CityU‐13 and CityU‐14 rank in top 1 and 2 among all reported organic materials‐based PENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a chiral charge transfer crystal that exhibits reversible phase transition between chiral space groups has been fabricated. When the phase switches from left-handed to right-handed chiral space group, more pronounced orbital angular momentum effects will be generated, where magneto-responsive optics are the opposite for chiral enantiomers. Moreover, circularly polarized light could enhance the chiral orbit of the crystal with the same spiral orientation to let spin have a better ability to resist external magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field dependence of transmission and photoluminescence of chiral crystals are strongly dependent on the polarized state of incident light. Furthermore, by studying the coupling among spin, orbit, and circular photon, we obtained that the chiral orbit plays a key role in the coupling between the spin and circular photon. It is expected that this work could promote further exploration of organic chiral magneto-optical crystals in potential applications of sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining chirality with ferromagnetism is challenging in organic materials and may bring potential application for the cross-integration of multiple disciplines. In this work, we achieved the intrinsic coexistence of chirality and spontaneous spin polarization in the diblock copolymers, where left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized lights present tunability on both the circular dichroism and spin polarization. Without electron dependence of transport in chiral copolymer, chirality is still coupled with spin. The phenomenon observed here is not the traditional chirality induced spin selectivity effect. Moreover, the electric field could also effectively tune the chirality dependence of circular dichroism to further affect the magnitude of spin polarization. Thus, a strong relationship between the chirality and spin polarization is formed in chiral copolymers. In addition, because of the different molecular packing for chiral enantiomers, electron–phonon coupling strengths are different to lead to a difference in spin polarization. Overall, the properties of chirality, spontaneous spin polarization, and photon-chirality-spin coupling are developed and studied, which effectively promotes the ability of potential applications of chiral copolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current studies did not draw definitive conclusions on comparison of intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) with extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA) in laparoscopic right colectomy. Whether the intraperitoneal contamination induced by ICA can result in higher risk of postoperative abdominal infection remains unclear. This study was aimed to compare the short-term outcomes, especially the risk of abdominal infection after ICA versus ECA. Methods: This was an observational cohort study as a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)—RELARC trial (NCT02619942). The patients enrolled in the RELARC trial were diagnosed with primary colon adenocarcinoma without distant metastasis and underwent radical laparoscopic right colectomy between Jan 2016 and Dec 2019. In our study the patients who converted to open surgery in RELARC trial were excluded. The short-term outcomes were compared between ICA and ECA. The primary endpoint was abdominal infection. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) was used for adjusting the potential confounders. Results: This study enrolled 975 patients with 119 patients undergoing ICA and 856 patients undergoing ECA. The incidence of abdominal infection was higher in ICA group (9.2% versus 1.5%, RR from IPTW = 5.7 (95%CI: 2.6–12.6), P < 0.001) as well as the incidence of wound infection (14.3% vs 3.3%, RR from IPTW = 5.0 (95%CI: 2.9–8.6), P < 0.001). ICA was associated with higher incidence of Clavien–Dindo (CD) grade I and II complications (CD-I: 15.1% versus 6.8%, RR from IPTW = 2.4 (95%CI: 1.5–3.9), P < 0.001; CD-II: 26.9% versus 8.2%, RR from IPTW = 3.6 (95%CI: 2.5–5.1), P < 0.001) but similar incidence of CD-III ~ IV complications compared to ECA (3.4% vs 2.1%, RR from IPTW = 1.2 (95%CI: 0.4–4.0), P = 0.73). In ICA group, choosing another incision rather than lengthening main port site decreased the incidence of wound infection although without statistical significance (17.3% (14/81) versus 7.9% (3/38), crude RR = 2.2 (95%CI: 0.7–7.2), P = 0.17). Conclusion: ICA is likely to be associated with higher risk of abdominal infection and CD-I ~ II complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To carry out the noble family institution in Beiwei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen took a series of measures in the idea of the noble family institution which he believed continuously. The Election in Guangji Palace was a very important step among them. It was the significant political measure that Emperor Xiaowen adopted for re-arranging the officials who had moved to Luoyang and determining their official ranks. Its premise--"declaring the imperial decree of ranks"--was the imperial decree which determined the post-based rank of a family according to the family-based rank. It reflected Emperor Xiaowen' s idea that a family' s status in the noble family institution is determined in accordance with its post-based rank, the family' s lineage-based rank is determined in accordance with its family status in the noble family institution, the rank in the idea of the noble family institution is determined in accordance with its lineage-based rank, and the social status and hierarchy is determined in accordance with the rank in the idea of the noble family institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of basic political status which is referred to as Ben Jie or Ben Pin lies in the structure of the official positions in Bei Zhou and Sui-Tang Dynasties. It is the basic class with which officials were transferred in the bureaucracy hierarchy. It used to be a position of the military officers with real responsibilities, and later it gradually developed from the position of scattered government officials who were lax in duties into a steady and continuous sequence of the political status. Ben Jie has much to do with officials, and it's much more important in raising the officials' political status than those of other sorts. In the different historical periods of Bei Zhou and Sui-Tang Dynasties, this political status had undergone the processes of a duty mixture, a social stratum division, and then a polarization of civilian and military posts. This paper investigates the formation and changes of Ben Jie in the political status, and tries to reveal the changes of the political status in its structures, functions and other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic multiferroic heterostructure is one of the most promising structures for the future design of high-density flexible energy-efficient data storage. Here, organic ferromagnetic metal(tetracyanoethylene) (M(TCNE)) x /ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) multiferroic heterostructures are fabricated, where the excited state in M(TCNE) x interacted with localized dipole in P(VDF-TrFE) provides a key link for the interfacial coupling. Thus, aligned dipoles in P(VDF-TrFE) by external electric field can affect the magnetization of Fe(TCNE) x effectively to result in a pronounced magnetization-voltage (M-V) hysteresis loop. Moreover, light-induced electron-hole pairs in Fe(TCNE) x with long lifetime effectively interact with the dipoles in P(VDF-TrFE) to lead to an effect in external light control of electric polarization of P(VDF-TrFE). Overall, the organic multiferroic heterostructure provides the possibility of realizing two storage modes, light control of dipole as well as electric field control of spin, which can broaden multifunctional applications of organic multiferroic materials in the area of multistate storage., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Spintronic device is the fundamental platform for spin-related academic and practical studies. However, conventional techniques with energetic deposition or boorish transfer of ferromagnetic metal inevitably introduce uncontrollable damage and undesired contamination in various spin-transport-channel materials, leading to partially attenuated and widely distributed spintronic device performances. These issues will eventually confuse the conclusions of academic studies and limit the practical applications of spintronics. Here we propose a polymer-assistant strain-restricted transfer technique that allows perfectly transferring the pre-patterned ferromagnetic electrodes onto channel materials without any damage and change on the properties of magnetism, interface, and channel. This technique is found productive for pursuing superior-quality spintronic devices with high controllability and reproducibility. It can also apply to various-kind (organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic hybrid, or carbon-based) and diverse-morphology (smooth, rough, even discontinuous) channel materials. This technique can be very useful for reliable device construction and will facilitate the technological transition of spintronic study., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To investigate the relationship among breast cancer and negative life event and cell immunity., Methods: A questionnaire survey using the Life Event by YANG Desen to investigate the family life problems, work problems, and social and other problems was conducted among 115 patients with breast cancer diagnosed by pathology and cytology and 115 gender, age, profession, education, and life habit-matched patients with benign breast diseases as controls. Fasting blood was drawn from all patients. Fluorescent-labeled bodies were added. Flow cytometry was made to count the immunocytes., Results: The negative life event rate was 87% in the breast cancer group, higher than that in the control group (55%, P < 0.01). The rate of family problems in the breast cancer group was 63%, higher than that in the control group (40%). The total score of negative events was 31.5 +/- 9.7 in the breast cancer group, higher than that in the control group (17.3 +/- 5.6, P < 0.01). The percentage of CD(3) (total T cell) in the breast cancer group was 58.8 +/- 12.2%, significantly lower than that in the control group (63.9 +/- 9.9%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in the percentages of CD(4), CD(8), CD(4)/CD(8), and the percentage of natural killer cells (NK) between the two groups., Conclusion: Breast cancer is closely correlated with negative life events, especially family problems concerning marriage and children. The negative life events are related to the decrease of total T cells, and unrelated to the percentages of other cells.