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In order to master the relationship between the key active groups of weathered coal and oxidized coal at the characteristic temperature of coal spontaneous combustion, this paper takes the fresh coal as the reference coal to compare and analyze the microstructure of weathered coal and oxidized coal. Firstly, the relative content of active functional groups and characteristic structural parameters of weathered coal and oxidized coal in the initial state were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the variation laws of four main active functions under characteristic temperature were determined, and the differences of different active groups between weathered coal and oxidized coal were semi quantitatively analyzed. The key active groups affecting the difference of natural ignition between weathered coal and oxidized coal are revealed. Through the programmed temperature rise experiment of coal spontaneous combustion, the release characteristics of index gas concentration of weathered coal and oxidized coal were analyzed, and the evolution and migration of key functional groups at characteristic temperature were verified. The results show that the content of CO produced by oxidized coal was higher than that of weathered coal due to the different content of C-O-C in oxygen-containing functional groups, while the content of C2H6 produced by weathered coal was higher than that of oxidized coal due to the different asymmetric stretching vibration of methyl and methylene in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Excessive formation of macrophage extracellular trap (MET) has been implicated in several autoimmune disease pathogeneses; however, its impact on type 1 diabetes (T1D) and related mechanisms remains enigmatic. We demonstrated the pivotal role of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in driving profuse MET formation and macrophage M1 polarization in intestinal inflammation in NOD mice. Genetic knockout of PAD4 or adoptive transfer of METs altered the proportion of proinflammatory T cells in the intestine, subsequently influencing their migration to the pancreas. Combining RNA sequencing and CUT&Tag analysis, we found activated PAD4 transcriptionally regulated CXCL10 expression. This study comprehensively investigated how excessive PAD4-mediated MET formation in the colon increases the aggravation of intestinal inflammation and proinflammatory T-cell migration and finally is involved in T1D progression, suggesting that inhibition of MET formation may be a potential therapeutic target in T1D. Article Highlights: The role of macrophage extracellular trap (MET) formation in the pathology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of MET formation on intestinal inflammation and its subsequent effect on the pathogenesis of T1D in NOD mice. Activated peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) facilitates MET formation and transcriptionally regulates CXCL10 expression, leading to accelerated T1D through the activation and migration of proinflammatory T cells via the gut/pancreas axis. Findings suggest that targeting PAD4-mediated MET formation could emerge as a potential therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative innovation involving military and civilian actors is a key component of National Systems of Innovation. It is an approach that is explicitly promoted in China under the name of Military-Civilian Integration. To more effectively promote Military-Civilian Integration, it is necessary to study the impact of government subsidies on enterprise-level behavior. The research reported in this paper analyzes a composite subsidy policy’s influence on the cooperative innovation behavior of military and civilian enterprises with game theory. First, during the early stage of development, an R&D subsidy can stimulate firms to invest in technological innovation, but it harms the long-term and stable development of civil-military cooperation by encouraging free-riding behaviors. Second, as military-civilian integration continues and deepens, the input-output rate of the R&D will increase, and this makes the role of tax subsidies increasingly relevant. Third, the composite application of scale and tax subsidies will be most effective in reinforcing innovation during the Industrialization Stage. Fourth, further simulations show an apparent heterogeneity in the responses of the military enterprise and the civilian enterprise to the three kinds of subsidy that we have considered. Civilian enterprises are more sensitive to subsidies, while military enterprises are more sensitive to technology spillovers. Therefore, the government should build a military-civilian integration platform to share resources in ways that maintain security confidence and improve the R&D input-output rate. The government should strengthen confidentiality management, training, and risk prevention and control measures for military-civilian integration projects, to reduce the risk of technology spillover.

In this paper, the problem of periodic solutions is studied for second order differential equations with indefinite singularities

Therapeutic efficacy of P277 against type 1 diabetes was extensively investigated and clinically evidenced. Clinical trials Phases I and II concluded promising results, while the data of P277 immunogenicity in Phase III trials represented weak responses that led to abolish medical use. But, a therapeutic performance of P277 cannot be forgotten. So, in order to exploit its therapeutic benefits and improve its immunogenicity, we developed a new analogue VP to optimize therapeutic efficacy and enhancing immunosuppressive modulations. However, new analogue was purified, and then used to immunize diabetic NOD mice to investigate antidiabetic effects through modulation of immunological status. So, DCs immune responses, relative TLRs, MyD88, and NF-Kβ1 mRNA expression on DCs and splenocytes under VP effect were tested. Circulating and intracellular cytokines were also evaluated at treated and non-treated mice. Splenic T lymphocytes proliferation (Th1 and Treg cells) were also determined. Results revealed that VP significantly down regulates DCs maturation through TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 pathways. It also shifts DCs to a tolerogenic polarization through NF-Kβ1 pathway that mediates Th1 immunosuppression and enhances iTreg expanding in type1diabetes mice. Meanwhile, we noticed that VP significantly enhances iTreg CD25 + FoxP3+ proliferation. In conclusion, VP showed promising immune potential to modulate immune regulatory responses and shifts DCs to suppress autoreactive Th1 cells which ameliorated immunosuppressive potency in the type1 diabetic mice.