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1. Behavioral and Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States, August–November 2021

Author

Bonner, Kimberly E, Vashist, Kushagra, Abad, Neetu S, Kriss, Jennifer L, Meng, Lu, Lee, James T, Wilhelm, Elisabeth, Lu, Peng-Jun, Carter, Rosalind J, Boone, Kwanza, Baack, Brittney, Masters, Nina B, Weiss, Debora, Black, Carla, Huang, Qian, Vangala, Sitaram, Albertin, Christina, Szilagyi, Peter G, Brewer, Noel T, and Singleton, James A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Prevention, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Female, Humans, United States, COVID-19 Vaccines, Cross-Sectional Studies, COVID-19, Vaccination, Cognition, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Public Health, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are safe, effective, and widely available, but many adults in the U.S. have not been vaccinated for COVID-19. This study examined the associations between behavioral and social drivers of vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the U.S. adults and their prevalence by region.MethodsA nationally representative sample of U.S. adults participated in a cross-sectional telephone survey in August-November 2021; the analysis was conducted in January 2022. Survey questions assessed self-reported COVID-19 vaccine initiation, demographics, and behavioral and social drivers of vaccination.ResultsAmong the 255,763 respondents, 76% received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine uptake was higher among respondents aged ≥75 years (94%), females (78%), and Asian non-Hispanic people (94%). The drivers of vaccination most strongly associated with uptake included higher anticipated regret from nonvaccination, risk perception, and confidence in vaccine safety and importance, followed by work- or school-related vaccination requirements, social norms, and provider recommendation (all p

Published
2023

2. Characteristics of the Moveable Middle: Opportunities Among Adults Open to COVID-19 Vaccination

Author

Omari, Amel, Boone, Kwanza D, Zhou, Tianyi, Lu, Peng-Jun, Kriss, Jennifer L, Hung, Mei-Chuan, Carter, Rosalind J, Black, Carla, Weiss, Debora, Masters, Nina B, Lee, James Tseryuan, Brewer, Noel T, Szilagyi, Peter G, and Singleton, James A

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Immunization, Behavioral and Social Science, Adolescent, Adult, Humans, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, United States, Vaccination, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

IntroductionFocusing on subpopulations that express the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination but are unvaccinated may improve the yield of COVID-19 vaccination efforts.MethodsA nationally representative sample of 789,658 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years participated in the National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module from May 2021 to April 2022. The survey assessed respondents' COVID-19 vaccination status and intent by demographic characteristics (age, urbanicity, educational attainment, region, insurance, income, and race/ethnicity). This study compared composition and within-group estimates of those who responded that they definitely or probably will get vaccinated or are unsure (moveable middle) from the first and last month of data collection.ResultsBecause vaccination uptake increased over the study period, the moveable middle declined among persons aged ≥18 years. Adults aged 18-39 years and suburban residents comprised most of the moveable middle in April 2022. Groups with the largest moveable middles in April 2022 included persons with no insurance (10%), those aged 18-29 years (8%), and those with incomes below poverty (8%), followed by non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (7%), non-Hispanic multiple or other race (6%), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (6%), non-Hispanic Black or African American persons (6%), those with below high school education (6%), those with high school education (5%), and those aged 30-39 years (5%).ConclusionsA sizable percentage of adults open to receiving COVID-19 vaccination remain in several demographic groups. Emphasizing engagement of persons who are unvaccinated in some racial/ethnic groups, aged 18-39 years, without health insurance, or with lower income may reach more persons open to vaccination.

Published
2023

5. Preparation and Performance Research of Ni-SiC-WS2 Composite Coatings on Aluminum Surface

Author

LU Peng-jun, TIAN Xiao-dong, HAN Bin-long

Subjects
electroplate, composite coating, silicon carbide, tungsten disulfide, performance comparison, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Technology
Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of co-deposition of SiC and WS2 particles on the microstructure, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni coatings, the pure Ni coating, the Ni-SiC composite coating and Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating were prepared on the surface of 1060 aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness tester, friction and ball disc wear tester and electrochemical workstation were used to detect and analyze the surface and cross section morphology, phase composition, elemental contents and microhardness of the coatings, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the pure Ni, Ni-SiC and Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coatings were compared. Results showed that the Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating was flat and compact, with a mass fraction of 7.05% (mass fraction, the same below) and 2.53% for SiC and WS2, respectively. This resulted in the reduction of nickel grain size by 63.39% and 21.63%, compared with the pure Ni coating and the Ni-SiC composite coating, respectively. The microhardness of Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating was up to 424.73 HV0.5 N, which was 57.70% and 20.46% higher than that of the pure Ni coating and the Ni-SiC composite coating, respectively. WS2 particles in the coating had good antifriction effect, which made the friction coefficient of the Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating further reduced by 17.39% compared to Ni-SiC composite coating, and wear rate reduced by 24.62%. The self-corrosion current density of Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating was the lowest, at 4.68 μA/cm2, which was reduced by 53.85% and 11.36%, compared with the pure Ni coating and the Ni-SiC composite coating, respectively. The Ni-SiC-WS2 composite coating had higher impedance value of 112 361 Ω·cm2, which demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the Ni coating and the Ni-SiC composite coating.

Published
2023
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7. COVID-19 Booster Dose Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated with Booster Vaccination among Adults, United States, March 2022

Author

Lu, Peng-jun, Srivastav, Anup, Vashist, Kushagra, Black, Carla L., Kriss, Jennifer L., Hung, Mei-Chuan, Meng, Lu, Zhou, Tianyi, Yankey, David, Masters, Nina B., Fast, Hannah E., Razzaghi, Hilda, and Singleton, James A.

Subjects
Health
Abstract

A COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is intended to boost the immune system for better, long-lasting protection when the primary vaccine response decreases over time. Studies have shown that a booster [...]

Published
2023
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13. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, Intent, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs among Essential Workers, United States

Author

Nguyen, Kimberly H., Yankey, David, Coy, Kelsey C., Brookmeyer, Kathryn A., Abad, Neetu, Guerin, Rebecca, Syamlal, Girija, Lu, Peng-jun, Baack, Brittney N., Razzaghi, Hilda, Okun, Andrea, and Singleton, James A.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Surveys -- Psychological aspects, Services industry workers -- Surveys -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects, Health literacy -- Surveys, Health attitudes -- Surveys, Health
Abstract

Essential workers, who conduct a range of operations and services to ensure the continuity and viability of critical infrastructure functions, have more coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exposures and experience greater risk [...]

Published
2021
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17. Social and demographic factors associated with receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine initial booster dose and with interval between primary series completion and initial booster dose uptake among persons aged ≥ 12 years, United States, August 2021-October 2022

Author

Meng, Lu, primary, Harris, LaTreace, additional, Shaw, Lauren, additional, Lymon, Hoody, additional, Reses, Hannah, additional, Bell, Jeneita, additional, Lu, Peng-Jun, additional, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, additional, and Chorba, Terence, additional

Published
2024
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18. Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, attitudes, and experiences between food system and non–food system essential workers

Author

Smarsh, Brianna, primary, Yankey, David, additional, Hung, Mei-Chuan, additional, Blanck, Heidi, additional, Kriss, Jennifer, additional, Flynn, Michael, additional, Lu, Peng-Jun, additional, McGarry, Sherri, additional, Eastlake, Adrienne, additional, Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Singleton, James, additional, and Lincoln, Jennifer, additional

Published
2024
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27. The Association of Reported Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care with COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Intent--United States, April 22, 2021-November 26, 2022

Author

Elam-Evans, Laurie D., Jones, Camara Phyllis, Vashist, Kushagra, Yankey, David, Smith, Chalanda S., Kriss, Jennifer L., Lu, Peng-Jun, St. Louis, Michael E., Brewer, Noel T., and Singleton, James A.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Social aspects -- Analysis, Discrimination -- Social aspects -- Analysis, Racism -- Social aspects -- Analysis, Public health -- Analysis -- Social aspects, Health
Abstract

In 2021, the CDC Director declared that racism is a serious threat to public health,* reflecting a growing awareness of racism as a cause of health inequities, health disparities, and [...]

Published
2023

28. COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination Coverage and Intent to Receive Booster Vaccination Among Adolescents and Adults--United States, November-December 2022

Author

Lu, Peng-jun, Zhou, Tianyi, Santibanez, Tammy A., Jain, Anurag, Black, Carla L., Srivastav, Anup, Hung, Mei-Chuan, Kriss, Jennifer L., Schorpp, Susanne, Yankey, David, Sterrett, Natalie, Fast, Hannah E., Razzaghi, Hilda, Elam-Evans, Laurie D., and Singleton, James A.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Surveys, Teenagers -- Surveys, Youth -- Surveys, Adults -- Surveys, Health
Abstract

COVID-19 vaccine booster doses are safe and maintain protection after receipt of a primary vaccination series and reduce the risk for serious COVID-19--related outcomes, including emergency department visits, hospitalization, and [...]

Published
2023

37. Vital Signs: Influenza Hospitalizations and Vaccination Coverage by Race and Ethnicity--United States, 2009-10 Through 2021-22 Influenza Seasons

Author

Black, Carla L., O'Halloran, Alissa, Hung, Mei-Chuan, Srivastav, Anup, Lu, Peng-jun, Garg, Shikha, Jhung, Michael, Fry, Alicia, Jatlaoui, Tara C., Davenport, Elizabeth, and Burns, Erin

Subjects
United States. Department of Health and Human Services, Health care reform -- Comparative analysis, Medical research -- Comparative analysis, Medicine, Experimental -- Comparative analysis, Vaccination -- Comparative analysis, Influenza vaccines -- Comparative analysis, Influenza -- Risk factors, Native Americans -- Comparative analysis, Health
Abstract

Introduction Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease that can lead to serious illness, hospitalization, and death. CDC estimates that influenza resulted in 9-41 million illnesses, 140,000-710,000 hospitalizations, and 12,000-52,000 deaths [...]

Published
2022

38. Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged [greater than or equal to]5 Years and Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged [greater than or equal to]50 Years--United States, August 13, 2021-August 5, 2022

Author

Fast, Hannah E., Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Meng, Lu, Murthy, Neil, Saelee, Ryan, Lu, Peng-jun, Kang, Yoonjae, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Harris, LaTreace

Subjects
Pfizer Inc., Vaccination, Health
Abstract

COVID-19 vaccine booster doses provide enhanced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death (1-3). As of May 19, 2022, all fully vaccinated persons aged [greater than or [...]

Published
2022

46. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Race and Ethnicity--National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, December 2020-November 2021

Author

Kriss, Jennifer L., Hung, Mei-Chuan, Srivastav, Anup, Black, Carla L., Lindley, Megan C., Lee, James T., Koppaka, Ram, Tsai, Yuping, Lu, Peng-Jun, Yankey, David, Elam-Evans, Laurie D., and Singleton, James A.

Subjects
Vaccination, Cellular telephones, Adults, Wireless telephone, Wireless voice/data device, Health
Abstract

Some racial and ethnic minority groups have experienced disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19--related illness and mortality (1,2). Vaccination is highly effective in preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death (3), and [...]

Published
2022

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