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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore more agile and effective learning processes that help identify potentially high-performing staff during workplace training. Design/methodology/approach: To test the efficacy of the learning-oriented assessment (LOA) process in workplace training, a pharmaceutical sales organization implemented an online training over three months that was modeled with the LOA process. During work hours, employees within the organization took two tests (one before and after training) as well as participated in training with essential work-related content, where they were given problem sets and scenarios to complete that would vary based on their responses. Their assessment scores, formative learning behaviors and quarterly revenue were recorded to determine the effects of the training. Findings: The outcome of this study supported the theory that the LOA model would facilitate the acquisition and application of knowledge differentially between employees of the organization, and this knowledge would serve to improve the performance of the employees to the extent that it increased revenue. Research limitations/implications: This study was a field experiment that did not allow for the control of possible confounds. However, the real-world real people outcomes provide novel insights on best practices in workplace training. Practical implications: The findings of this study showed the short-term effectiveness of the LOA process in professional knowledge acquisition and application in relevant skills that increase organizational revenue. Originality/value: This study provides an applied understanding on the applicability of the LOA process in workplace learning and training which has not been previously investigated.

Here robust Pb‐S covalency is successfully incorporated into CsPbI3 heterojunction by introducing a new zwitterionic organosulfide‐halide perovskite on top of CsPbI3. Cysteamine (CYS: +NH3(CH2)2S−) will react with PbCl2 and form a new 3D perovskite with much shallower fermi level on CsPbI3 surface, constructing an efficient CsPbI3/[CYS][PbCl2] heterojunction. As a result, interfacial energy loss can be significantly inhibited and device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is increased to over 1.20 V with champion efficiency of 20.38% in inverted CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Besides, the intrinsic moisture and phase stability of [CYS][PbCl2] perovskite will effectively stabilize the CsPbI3 beneath owing to its robust Pb‐S covalency. PSCs with [CYS][PbCl2] exhibit significantly improved stability, whether in moist air or under continuous maximum power point (MPP) tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Plant phenology, the timing of recurrent biological events, shows key and complex response to climate warming, with consequences for ecosystem functions and services. A key challenge for predicting plant phenology under future climates is to determine whether the phenological changes will persist with more intensive and long‐term warming. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 103 experimental warming studies around the globe to investigate the responses of four phenophases – leaf‐out, first flowering, last flowering, and leaf coloring. We showed that warming advanced leaf‐out and flowering but delayed leaf coloring across herbaceous and woody plants. As the magnitude of warming increased, the response of most plant phenophases gradually leveled off for herbaceous plants, while phenology responded in proportion to warming in woody plants. We also found that the experimental effects of warming on plant phenology diminished over time across all phenophases. Specifically, the rate of changes in first flowering for herbaceous species, as well as leaf‐out and leaf coloring for woody species, decreased as the experimental duration extended. Together, these results suggest that the real‐world impact of global warming on plant phenology will diminish over time as temperatures continue to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mo-doped BiVO4 (Mo-BiVO4) nanoparticle-based photoanodes were fabricated using an electrodeposition–calcination method to investigate the influence of Mo doping on the surface states (SS) for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation performance of chloramphenicol (CAP) in water. The characterization results show that the prepared samples were nanostructured BiVO4. Mo doping with a low concentration has a negligible effect on the surface nanomorphology, crystal structure, and light absorption characteristics. CAP as an efficient organic scavenger can undergo degradation via the photoelectron trapping/detrapping process of the V5+/V4+ redox system under illumination. The photoelectron trapping process of V5+ to V4+ exhibited an increase and then a decrease with increasing Mo doping concentrations. The introduction of suitable Mo into the BiVO4 can tune the photoelectron trapping process to form the surface states for adsorbing CAP (SSCAP). Furthermore, Mo doping produces more oxygen vacancies (Vo) on the electrode surface, which are in favor of trapping photogenerated holes, thereby promoting the charge transfer efficiency at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface (SEI). These multiple effects process the highest charge transfer efficiency (reaching 96%) for CAP degradation when the Mo doping content is 1.07 wt %. This work gives a further understanding of the enhancement of photoelectrocatalytic degradation performance caused by Mo doping in the field of charge transfer at SEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag electrode is widely used in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its easy reaction and corrosive nature with perovskite always induces severe stability issue. Here, from typical theory of metal anticorrosion, a chemical anticorrosion approach for Ag electrode in inverted PSCs through introducing 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) as a corrosion inhibitor is reported. MBT can strongly bond to Ag and form a compact [MBT‐Ag] chain on Ag surface owing to its N atom in thiazolyl ring and exocyclic thiol groups. As a result, Ag anticorrosion ability is greatly enhanced by increasing the corrosion potential and decreasing the corrosion current, thus effectively inhibiting possible chemical reaction and corrosion between perovskite and Ag electrodes. PSCs containing MBT/Ag exhibit high efficiency of over 23% with good stability, retaining 95 ± 4.1% of initial efficiency after storage for 3800 h in glovebox. Importantly, resulting PSCs also show excellent thermal stability, maintaining 90 ± 1.8% of initial efficiency after aging for 900 h at 85 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]