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Background. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has been hypothesized to influence the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. This premise is based largely on laboratory models showing that IGF-l stimulates thymic growth and increases lymphocyte numbers and that IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has an opposing effect, inhibiting heniatopoietic stem cell development. Methods. We studied 1422 HIV-infected women enrolled in a large cohort that entailed semiannual follow-up (initiated in 1994). Baseline serum samples were tested for IGF-l and IGFBP-3 to determine their associations with incident clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and CD4+ T cell count decline prior to April 1996 (before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]). Results. Low IGF-I levels (Ptrend = .02) and high IGFBP-3 levels (Ptrend = .02) were associated with rapid CD4+ T cell count decline. Only IGFBP-3, however, was significantly associated with AIDS incidence (hazard ratio for highest vs. lowest quartile, 2.65 [95% confidence interval, 1.30-5.421; Ptrend = .02) in multivariable models. Conclusions. These findings suggest that serum levels of IGFBP-3 (and possibly IGF-I) are associated with the rate of HIV disease progression in women and, more broadly, that interindividual heterogeneity in the IGE axis may influence HIV pathogenesis. If correct, the IGF axis could be a target for interventions to slow HIV disease progression and extend the time before use of HAART becomes necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at a study that examined menu plans for a diabetes self-management weight loss program. In the study participants were given a menu plan and a grocery list in an attempt to simplify decision making, develop self-efficacy, offer support during the transition to new eating habits, and decrease impulse food purchases. During the study a registered dietitian met with each participant to alter the menu plan and grocery list based on food preferences and needs. According to the article, meal planning is an effective approach to diabetes management and weight control.