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We determined minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of single active substances (a.s) of fungicides, twelve mixtures of two a.s and four a.s mixture. Additionally fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of combined a.s. was calculated. Fungal and oomycete pathogens included Fusarium culmorum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Penicillium verrucosum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Altemaria alternata, Aspergillus candidus, Monilinia fructicola, Septoria tritici and oomycete Phytophthora infestans. MIC were ranged from 0.1 μg/ml for fluazinam to 4954.5 μg/ml for cymoxaniL MIC of combined a.s were ranged from 0.00004 μg/ml for picoxystrobin+fenamidone to 4955 μg/ml for cymoxanil+ carboxin. Dodine+picoxystrobin had shown the most effective inhibitory and synergistic action against seven fungal or oomycete species (0.001 μg/ml- 35.9 μg/ml). The highest decrease of MIC values of dodine+picoxystrobin compared to their separate application indicate that these compounds should be considered to create novel commercial formulations offungicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungicides are chemicals designed against fungi that are widely used in protection of fruits all over the world, for better quality and safety. These chemicals have been intensively used to protect Polish fruits for many years. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the fungicide residues monitored by chromatography and spectrophotometry in fruits in 2005-14 and health risk assessment. Fruits (974 samples) were analyzed for the presence of over 70 fungicides. Currants (68.5% of samples), apples (63.3%), and cherries (54.6%) were the fruits with residues found most frequently. Dithiocarbamates (27.4%) and captan (26.3%) were the most often detected. The highest concentrations were noted for boscalid and captan, ranging from 2.83 mg/kg (cherry) to 3.31 mg/kg (currant). The risk assessments involving hazards for human health were performed because of fungicide toxicity. The results of this investigation show how important it is to control fungicide residues in fruit, which require frequent chemical treatment for fungal diseases, to guarantee food quality and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of five fungicide residues from the broccoli matrices were achieved by various processing methods. The influence of washing with chlorinated and ozonated water, blanching and cooking on the concentration of azoxystrobin, boscalid, iprodione, metalaxyl, and pyraclostrobin has been studied on the broccoli samples collected from experimental plots over two weeks after the application. The analysis of five pesticides was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection (GC-NPD/ECD) and matrix solid-phase dispersion as the sample preparation method. Fungicides levels in the unprocessed broccoli samples were 0.16–4.34 mg/kg. The washing of the matrices with chlorinated and ozonated water was not as effective as cooking in the removal of residual pesticides. Washing with chlorinated and ozonated water reduced concentration up to 45.9 and 49.0%, respectively. Blanching and cooking decreased residues up to 50 and 87%, respectively. Our results show that the cooking process has a great potential in the process of removing residual pesticides from broccoli. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The effects of washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling on 16 pesticide (ten fungicides and six insecticides) residue levels in raw strawberries were investigated at different processing times (1, 2 and 5 min). An analysis of these pesticides was conducted using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection (GC-NPD/ECD). The processing factor (PF) for each pesticide in each processing technique was determined. Washing with ozonated water was demonstrated to be more effective (reduction from 36.1 to 75.1 %) than washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %). Boiling decreased the residues of the most compounds, with reductions ranging from 42.8 to 92.9 %. Ultrasonic cleaning lowered residues for all analysed pesticides with removal of up to 91.2 %. The data indicated that ultrasonic cleaning and boiling were the most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberries, resulting in a lower health risk exposure. Calculated PFs for alphacypermethrin were used to perform an acute risk assessment of dietary exposure. To investigate the relationship between the levels of 16 pesticides in strawberry samples and their physicochemical properties, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which tested all isomers of alpha-asarone for their feeding deterrent activity against adults of Sitophilus granarius and Tribilium confusum and larvae of Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium confusum. Total coefficients of deterrency for the compound; Antifeeding activity.