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1. Identifying a stable and generalizable factor structure of major depressive disorder across three large longitudinal cohorts

Author

Schilsky, Richard L., Allen, Jennifer, Anderson, MaryAnn, Anstrom, Kevin, Araujo, Lucus, Arges, Kristine, Ardalan, Kaveh, Baldwin, Bridget, Balu, Suresh, Bashir, Mustafa R., Bhapkar, Manju, Bigelow, Robert, Black, Tanya, Blanco, Rosalia, Bloomfield, Gerald, Borkar, Durga, Bouk, Leah, Boulware, Ebony, Brugnoni, Nikki, Campbell, Erin, Campbell, Paul, Carin, Larry, Cassella, Tammy Jo, Cates, Tina, Montgomery, Ranee Chatterjee, Christian, Victoria, Choong, John, Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael, Cook, Elizabeth, Cousins, Scott, Crawford, Ashley, Datta, Nisha, Daubert, Melissa, Davis, James, Dirkes, Jillian, Doan, Isabelle, Dockery, Marie, Douglas, Pamela S., Duckworth, Shelly, Dunham, Ashley, Dunn, Gary, Ebersohl, Ryan, Eckstrand, Julie, Fang, Vivienne, Flora, April, Ford, Emily, Foster, Lucia, Fraulo, Elizabeth, French, John, Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., Green, Cindy, Greene, Latoya, Guptill, Jeffrey, Hamel, Donna, Hamill, Jennifer, Harrington, Chris, Harrison, Rob, Hedges, Lauren, Heidenfelder, Brooke, Hernandez, Adrian F., Heydary, Cindy, Hicks, Tim, Hight, Lina, Hopkins, Deborah, Huang, Erich S., Huh, Grace, Hurst, Jillian, Inman, Kelly, Janas, Gemini, Jaffee, Glenn, Johnson, Janace, Keaton, Tiffanie, Khouri, Michel, King, Daniel, Korzekwinski, Jennifer, Koweek, Lynne H., Kuo, Anthony, Kwee, Lydia, Landis, Dawn, Lipsky, Rachele, Lopez, Desiree, Lowry, Carolyn, Marcom, Kelly, Marsolo, Keith, McAdams, Paige, McCall, Shannon, McGarrah, Robert, McGugan, John, Mee, Dani, Mervin-Blake, Sabrena, Mettu, Prithu, Meyer, Mathias, Meyers, Justin, Miller, Calire N., Moen, Rebecca, Muhlbaier, Lawrence H., Murphy, Michael, Neely, Ben, Newby, L. Kristin, Nicoldson, Jayne, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen, Maggie, O'Brien, Lori, Onal, Sumru, O'Quinn, Jeremey, Page, David, Pagidipati, Neha J., Parikh, Kishan, Palmer, Sarah R., Patrick-Lake, Bray, Pattison, Brenda, Pencina, Michael, Peterson, Eric D., Piccini, Jon, Poole, Terry, Povsic, Tom, Provencher, Alicia, Rabineau, Dawn, Rich, Annette, Rimmer, Susan, Schwartz, Fides, Serafin, Angela, Shah, Nishant, Shah, Svati, Shields, Kelly, Shipes, Steven, Shrader, Peter, Stiber, Jon, Sutton, Lynn, Swamy, Geeta, Thomas, Betsy, Torres, Sandra, Tucci, Debara, Twisdale, Anthony, Walker, Brooke, Whitney, Susan A., Williamson, Robin, Wilverding, Lauren, Wong, Charlene A., Wruck, Lisa, Young, Ellen, Perlmutter, Jane, Krug, Sarah, Bowman-Zatzkin, S. Whitney, Assimes, Themistocles, Bajaj, Vikram, Cheong, Maxwell, Das, Millie, Desai, Manisha, Fan, Alice C., Fleischmann, Dominik, Gambhir, Sanjiv S., Gold, Garry, Haddad, Francois, Hong, David, Langlotz, Curtis, Liao, Yaping J., Lu, Rong, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Maron, David, McCue, Rebecca, Munshi, Rajan, Rodriguez, Fatima, Shashidhar, Sumana, Sledge, George, Spielman, Susie, Spitler, Ryan, Swope, Sue, Williams, Donna, Pepine, Carl J, Lantos, John D, Pignone, Michael, Heagerty, Patrick, Beskow, Laura, Bernard, Gordon, Abad, Kelley, Angi, Giulia, Califf, Robert M., Deang, Lawrence, Huynh, Joy, Liu, Manway, Mao, Cherry, Magdaleno, Michael, Marks, William J., Jr., Mega, Jessica, Miller, David, Ong, Nicole, Patel, Darshita, Ridaura, Vanessa, Shore, Scarlet, Short, Sarah, Tran, Michelle, Vu, Veronica, Wong, Celeste, Green, Robert C., Hernandez, John, Benge, Jolene, Negrete, Gislia, Sierra, Gelsey, Schaack, Terry, Tseng, Vincent W.S., Tharp, Jordan A., Reiter, Jacob E., Ferrer, Weston, Hong, David S., Doraiswamy, P. Murali, and Nickels, Stefanie

Published
2024
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3. Has agricultural intensification impacted maize root traits and rhizosphere interactions related to organic N acquisition?

Author

Schmidt, Jennifer E, Poret-Peterson, Amisha, Lowry, Carolyn J, and Gaudin, Amélie CM

Subjects
Zero Hunger, Organic nitrogen, plant-microbe interactions, plasticity, rhizosphere, roots, plant–microbe interactions, Plant Biology
Abstract

Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere influence rates of organic matter mineralization and nutrient cycling that are critical to sustainable agricultural productivity. Agricultural intensification, particularly the introduction of synthetic fertilizer in the USA, altered the abundance and dominant forms of nitrogen (N), a critical plant nutrient, potentially imposing selection pressure on plant traits and plant-microbe interactions regulating N cycling and acquisition. We hypothesized that maize adaptation to synthetic N fertilization altered root functional traits and rhizosphere microbial nutrient cycling, reducing maize ability to acquire N from organic sources. Six maize genotypes released pre-fertilizer (1936, 1939, 1942) or post-fertilizer (1984, 1994, 2015) were grown in rhizoboxes containing patches of 15N-labelled clover/vetch residue. Multivariate approaches did not identify architectural traits that strongly and consistently predicted rhizosphere processes, though metrics of root morphological plasticity were linked to carbon- and N-cycling enzyme activities. Root traits, potential activities of extracellular enzymes (BG, LAP, NAG, urease), abundances of N-cycling genes (amoA, narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ) and uptake of organic N did not differ between eras of release despite substantial variation among genotypes and replicates. Thus, agricultural intensification does not appear to have impaired N cycling and acquisition from organic sources by modern maize and its rhizobiome. Improved mechanistic understanding of rhizosphere processes and their response to selective pressures will contribute greatly to rhizosphere engineering for sustainable agriculture.

Published
2020

4. An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients.

Author

Schmidt, Jennifer E, Lowry, Carolyn, and Gaudin, Amelie CM

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Nutrients, Plant Roots, Soil, Isotope labeling, nitrogen, nutrient uptake, plasticity, proliferation, rhizobox, rhizosphere, root, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Roots are notoriously difficult to study. Soil is both a visual and mechanical barrier, making it difficult to track roots in situ without destructive harvest or expensive equipment. We present a customizable and affordable rhizobox method that allows the non-destructive visualization of root growth over time and is particularly well-suited to studying root plasticity in response to localized resource patches. The method was validated by assessing maize genotypic variation in plasticity responses to patches containing 15N-labeled legume residue. Methods are described to obtain representative developmental measurements over time, measure root length density in resource-containing and control patches, calculate root growth rates, and determine 15N recovery by plant roots and shoots. Advantages, caveats, and potential future applications of the method are also discussed. Although care must be taken to ensure that experimental conditions do not bias root growth data, the rhizobox protocol presented here yields reliable results if carried out with sufficient attention to detail.

Published
2018

6. Effect of increasing temperature and temperature fluctuations on alfalfa and orchardgrass in the establishment year.

Author

Isaacson, Ashley, Contosta, Alexandra, Smith, Richard G., Stamplis, Christopher, and Lowry, Carolyn J.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC temperature, TEMPERATURE effect, ORCHARD grass, CROP yields, ALFALFA, PATIENT compliance, WEEDS
Abstract

Understanding how a warmer and more variable climate will affect the productivity and stability of perennial forages in the establishment year is essential for determining forage management strategies resilient to the changing climate. We conducted an experiment from 2020–2021 and repeated it in 2021–2022 to determine how warmer and more variable temperatures affect yield of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) mixture, as well as on the abundance of a winter annual weed, chickweed (Stellaria media), during the establishment year. We utilized open‐top chambers (OTCs) to manipulate air temperature in situ to impose three treatments: (1) constant warming (OTC present year‐round), (2) fluctuating warming (OTC present year‐round but temporarily removed prior to abrupt cold snaps), and (3) control (no OTC, ambient air temperature). OTCs increased air temperature within the alfalfa–orchardgrass canopy by an average of 0.45 and 0.72°C in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively; however, the effects of OTCs on air temperature varied temporally within and between years. Constant warming decreased alfalfa frost injury compared with the control, while the control and fluctuating warming resulted in similar levels of frost injury. Warmer temperature within the OTCs neither affected chickweed biomass nor the biomass of all other weed species. Both constant and fluctuating warming increased forage dry matter yield at the first harvest timepoint in the spring of both years, the period when preceding ambient air temperature tended to be cooler than other harvest timepoints. We found that the constant warming increased total forage yield (summed over the entire year) in Year 1, when precipitation was well above the 30‐year normal for our region, but decreased total forage yield in Year 2, when summer precipitation was substantially below the 30‐year normal. As global temperature continues to rise, yield loss of cool‐season perennial forages, such as alfalfa and orchardgrass, may be exacerbated in years without adequate precipitation. Therefore, exploring heat‐ and drought‐tolerant alternative forages, as well as management strategies that improve resilience to weather variability, will be increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Identifying a stable and generalizable factor structure of major depressive disorder across three large longitudinal cohorts

Author

Tseng, Vincent W.-S., primary, Tharp, Jordan A., additional, Reiter, Jacob E., additional, Ferrer, Weston, additional, Hong, David S., additional, Doraiswamy, P Murali, additional, Nickels, Stefanie, additional, Schilsky, Richard L., additional, Allen, Jennifer, additional, Anderson, MaryAnn, additional, Anstrom, Kevin, additional, Araujo, Lucus, additional, Arges, Kristine, additional, Ardalan, Kaveh, additional, Baldwin, Bridget, additional, Balu, Suresh, additional, Bashir, Mustafa R., additional, Bhapkar, Manju, additional, Bigelow, Robert, additional, Black, Tanya, additional, Blanco, Rosalia, additional, Bloomfield, Gerald, additional, Borkar, Durga, additional, Bouk, Leah, additional, Boulware, Ebony, additional, Brugnoni, Nikki, additional, Campbell, Erin, additional, Campbell, Paul, additional, Carin, Larry, additional, Cassella, Tammy Jo, additional, Cates, Tina, additional, Montgomery, Ranee Chatterjee, additional, Christian, Victoria, additional, Choong, John, additional, Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael, additional, Cook, Elizabeth, additional, Cousins, Scott, additional, Crawford, Ashley, additional, Datta, Nisha, additional, Daubert, Melissa, additional, Davis, James, additional, Dirkes, Jillian, additional, Doan, Isabelle, additional, Dockery, Marie, additional, Doraiswamy, P. Murali, additional, Douglas, Pamela S., additional, Duckworth, Shelly, additional, Dunham, Ashley, additional, Dunn, Gary, additional, Ebersohl, Ryan, additional, Eckstrand, Julie, additional, Fang, Vivienne, additional, Flora, April, additional, Ford, Emily, additional, Foster, Lucia, additional, Fraulo, Elizabeth, additional, French, John, additional, Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., additional, Green, Cindy, additional, Greene, Latoya, additional, Guptill, Jeffrey, additional, Hamel, Donna, additional, Hamill, Jennifer, additional, Harrington, Chris, additional, Harrison, Rob, additional, Hedges, Lauren, additional, Heidenfelder, Brooke, additional, Hernandez, Adrian F., additional, Heydary, Cindy, additional, Hicks, Tim, additional, Hight, Lina, additional, Hopkins, Deborah, additional, Huang, Erich S., additional, Huh, Grace, additional, Hurst, Jillian, additional, Inman, Kelly, additional, Janas, Gemini, additional, Jaffee, Glenn, additional, Johnson, Janace, additional, Keaton, Tiffanie, additional, Khouri, Michel, additional, King, Daniel, additional, Korzekwinski, Jennifer, additional, Koweek, Lynne H., additional, Kuo, Anthony, additional, Kwee, Lydia, additional, Landis, Dawn, additional, Lipsky, Rachele, additional, Lopez, Desiree, additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Marcom, Kelly, additional, Marsolo, Keith, additional, McAdams, Paige, additional, McCall, Shannon, additional, McGarrah, Robert, additional, McGugan, John, additional, Mee, Dani, additional, Mervin-Blake, Sabrena, additional, Mettu, Prithu, additional, Meyer, Mathias, additional, Meyers, Justin, additional, Miller, Calire N., additional, Moen, Rebecca, additional, Muhlbaier, Lawrence H., additional, Murphy, Michael, additional, Neely, Ben, additional, Newby, L. Kristin, additional, Nicoldson, Jayne, additional, Nguyen, Hoang, additional, Nguyen, Maggie, additional, O'Brien, Lori, additional, Onal, Sumru, additional, O'Quinn, Jeremey, additional, Page, David, additional, Pagidipati, Neha J., additional, Parikh, Kishan, additional, Palmer, Sarah R., additional, Patrick-Lake, Bray, additional, Pattison, Brenda, additional, Pencina, Michael, additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, Piccini, Jon, additional, Poole, Terry, additional, Povsic, Tom, additional, Provencher, Alicia, additional, Rabineau, Dawn, additional, Rich, Annette, additional, Rimmer, Susan, additional, Schwartz, Fides, additional, Serafin, Angela, additional, Shah, Nishant, additional, Shah, Svati, additional, Shields, Kelly, additional, Shipes, Steven, additional, Shrader, Peter, additional, Stiber, Jon, additional, Sutton, Lynn, additional, Swamy, Geeta, additional, Thomas, Betsy, additional, Torres, Sandra, additional, Tucci, Debara, additional, Twisdale, Anthony, additional, Walker, Brooke, additional, Whitney, Susan A., additional, Williamson, Robin, additional, Wilverding, Lauren, additional, Wong, Charlene A., additional, Wruck, Lisa, additional, Young, Ellen, additional, Perlmutter, Jane, additional, Krug, Sarah, additional, Bowman-Zatzkin, S. Whitney, additional, Assimes, Themistocles, additional, Bajaj, Vikram, additional, Cheong, Maxwell, additional, Das, Millie, additional, Desai, Manisha, additional, Fan, Alice C., additional, Fleischmann, Dominik, additional, Gambhir, Sanjiv S., additional, Gold, Garry, additional, Haddad, Francois, additional, Hong, David, additional, Langlotz, Curtis, additional, Liao, Yaping J., additional, Lu, Rong, additional, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., additional, Maron, David, additional, McCue, Rebecca, additional, Munshi, Rajan, additional, Rodriguez, Fatima, additional, Shashidhar, Sumana, additional, Sledge, George, additional, Spielman, Susie, additional, Spitler, Ryan, additional, Swope, Sue, additional, Williams, Donna, additional, Pepine, Carl J, additional, Lantos, John D, additional, Pignone, Michael, additional, Heagerty, Patrick, additional, Beskow, Laura, additional, Bernard, Gordon, additional, Abad, Kelley, additional, Angi, Giulia, additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Deang, Lawrence, additional, Huynh, Joy, additional, Liu, Manway, additional, Mao, Cherry, additional, Magdaleno, Michael, additional, Marks, William J., additional, Mega, Jessica, additional, Miller, David, additional, Ong, Nicole, additional, Patel, Darshita, additional, Ridaura, Vanessa, additional, Shore, Scarlet, additional, Short, Sarah, additional, Tran, Michelle, additional, Vu, Veronica, additional, Wong, Celeste, additional, Green, Robert C., additional, Hernandez, John, additional, Benge, Jolene, additional, Negrete, Gislia, additional, Sierra, Gelsey, additional, and Schaack, Terry, additional

Published
2023
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9. If you can't beat them, join them: using invasive plants to understand rhizodeposits as drivers of plant-soil feedbacks.

Author

Lowry, Carolyn J., Blocklove, Katherine M., Eckert, Kara E., Koirala, Nasib, and Rice, Emma K.

Subjects
INVASIVE plants, CROPPING systems, PLANT breeding, SOIL amendments, CROP yields, PLANT nutrients, PLANT productivity
Abstract

The soil microbiome can increase crop resilience to both abiotic and biotic stress, and there is growing interest in uncovering the mechanisms by which we can shape plant associated microbiomes to increase crop yields within stressful environments. Through rhizodeposits, plants influence the composition of microbial communities and abiotic conditions in the rhizosphere, potentially generating plant-soil feedbacks which can increase nutrient availability and competitive ability against neighboring plants. Invasive plants have repeatedly been shown to drive plant-soil feedbacks that increase their ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions and suppress neighboring plants. Using invasive plants as model species, we discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms that generate the plant-soil feedbacks that increase plant productivity, competitive ability, and resilience. Specifically, invasive potential is enhanced through 1) positive direct feedback loops which occur within a species, and can occur through enhanced mutualistic associations; or 2) negative indirect feedback loops, when feedbacks affect heterospecific plants through either allelopathy, disruption of mutualistic associations, and increased pathogen abundance. Knowledge on invasive plant exudate-microbe interactions may increase cropping system resilience through breeding superior crop genotypes, or potentially through soil amendments that disrupt weed-microbe interactions. We argue that because the soil biotic and native plant community often evolve in response to negative indirect feedback loops, focusing breeding efforts on positive direct plant-soil feedbacks, such as those that increase mutualistic associations and nutrient availability in the rhizosphere, are likely to lead to long-term stress resilient crops. Future research should explore to what extent upregulating production of specific exudates in non-invasive crop species generate the same plant-soil feedbacks responsible for invasive plant success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Contributors

Author

Arslan, Mehmet, primary, Brodie, Graham, additional, Chauhan, Bhagirath S., additional, Farooq, Shahid, additional, Hussain, Mubshar, additional, Jabran, Khawar, additional, Korres, Nicholas E., additional, Lowry, Carolyn J., additional, Merfield, Charles, additional, Peerzada, Arslan M., additional, Smith, Richard G., additional, Uludag, Ahmet, additional, and Uremis, Ilhan, additional

Published
2018
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13. Is it possible to use low-dose deep learning reconstruction for the detection of liver metastases on CT routinely?

Author

Lyu, Peijie, primary, Liu, Nana, additional, Harrawood, Brian, additional, Solomon, Justin, additional, Wang, Huixia, additional, Chen, Yan, additional, Rigiroli, Francesca, additional, Ding, Yuqin, additional, Schwartz, Fides Regina, additional, Jiang, Hanyu, additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Wang, Luotong, additional, Samei, Ehsan, additional, Gao, Jianbo, additional, and Marin, Daniele, additional

Published
2022
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15. sj-docx-1-fac-10.1177_27325016221138749 – Supplemental material for Computational Analyses of Physiologic Effects After Midvault Repair Techniques in Rhinoplasty

Author

Avashia, Yash J., Martin, Hannah L., Frank-Ito, Dennis O., Hodges, Katrina Z., Trotta, Rose T., Li, Hang, Lowry, Carolyn, Woodard, Charles R., Allori, Alexander C., and Marcus, Jeffrey R.

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 110323 Surgery
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-fac-10.1177_27325016221138749 for Computational Analyses of Physiologic Effects After Midvault Repair Techniques in Rhinoplasty by Yash J. Avashia, Hannah L. Martin, Dennis O. Frank-Ito, Katrina Z. Hodges, Rose T. Trotta, Hang Li, Carolyn Lowry, Charles R. Woodard, Alexander C. Allori and Jeffrey R. Marcus in FACE

Published
2022
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16. Key findings from 2017 Survey of M&A Indemnification Deal Terms: A 2017 M&A Indemnification Survey uncovers key findings relating to representation, warranty and covenant survival periods, fundamental representations and warranties, exclusions from indemnifiable damages, materiality scrapes, indemnity basket and cap sizes, sandbagging clauses, and other trends.

Author

Partigan, John, Lowry, Carolyn, and Han, Pierce

Subjects
Acquisitions and mergers -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research
Abstract

A M&A Indemnification Survey recently issued by our firm analyzed the key indemnification terms of 100 publicly filed acquisition agreements from June 1, 2016, to August 16, 2017, with transaction [...]

Published
2017

17. What's in your mobile wallet? An analysis of trends in mobile payments and regulation.

Author

Lowry, Carolyn

Subjects
Consumer protection -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Evaluation, Banking law -- Evaluation -- Forecasts and trends -- Laws, regulations and rules, Online payment services -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Forecasts and trends, Government regulation, Market trend/market analysis, Online payment services
Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 355 II. BACKGROUND 357 A. Mobile Has the Potential to Significantly Change Commerce and Business 357 B. Mobile Devices Can Be Used to Make Various [...]

Published
2016

20. Weed germinable seedbanks of rice–wheat systems in the Eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains: Do tillage and edaphic factors explain community variation?

Author

Lowry, Carolyn J., primary, Brainard, Daniel C., additional, Kumar, Virender, additional, Smith, Richard G., additional, Singh, Madhulika, additional, Kumar, Pankaj, additional, Kumar, Ajay, additional, Kumar, Vipin, additional, Joon, Rajiv K., additional, Jat, Raj K., additional, Poonia, Shishpal, additional, Malik, Ram K., additional, and McDonald, Andrew, additional

Published
2021
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22. Multisite multivendor validation of a quantitative MRI and CT compatible fat phantom

Author

Zhao, Ruiyang, primary, Hernando, Diego, additional, Harris, David T., additional, Hinshaw, Louis A., additional, Li, Ke, additional, Ananthakrishnan, Lakshmi, additional, Bashir, Mustafa R., additional, Duan, Xinhui, additional, Ghasabeh, Mounes Aliyari, additional, Kamel, Ihab R., additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Mahesh, Mahadevappa, additional, Marin, Daniele, additional, Miller, Jessica, additional, Pickhardt, Perry J., additional, Shaffer, Jean, additional, Yokoo, Takeshi, additional, Brittain, Jean H., additional, and Reeder, Scott B., additional

Published
2021
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28. Weed seed mass affects seedling establishment and resource allocation patterns across a cereal rye surface residue gradient.

Author

Ficks, Teala S., Lowry, Carolyn J., and Wallace, John M.

Subjects
*RESOURCE allocation, *WEED seeds, *SEEDLINGS, *WEEDS, *RYE, *FIELD crops
Abstract

Knowledge of weed population‐ and community‐level responses to the integration of cover crop surface residues (CCSRs) is vital to understanding their value when integrated into no‐till field crop production systems. Ecological theory suggests that weed seedling survival and resource allocation patterns during the establishment phase should be influenced by the interaction between seed mass and CCSR levels. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate seedling establishment rates and resource allocation patterns in response to increasing CCSR levels across a seed mass gradient, including weed and crop species. The experiment utilised a two‐factor treatment structure, including 10 plant species that varied in seed mass by three orders of magnitude and four cereal rye mulch levels (0, 3360, 6720 and 10,080 kg ha−1). Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of CCSRs on seedling establishment rates is a function of seed mass. Analysis by species showed a decrease in seedling establishment rates of dicotyledon species across all CCSR levels, but this relationship varied among monocotyledon species. CCSR levels were positively correlated with resource allocation to the hypocotyl and specific hypocotyl length of dicotyledon species. Increasing CCSR levels decreased allocation of resources to roots in broadleaved species but did not affect resource allocation patterns in monocotyledon species. We conclude that the combined effects of CCSRs on seedling establishment rates and resource allocation could significantly influence weed population‐ and community‐level dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Emulsification Increases the Acute Ketogenic Effect and Bioavailability of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Humans: Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat Metabolism

Author

Courchesne-Loyer, Alexandre, Lowry, Carolyn-Mary, St-Pierre, Valérie, Vandenberghe, Camille, Fortier, Mélanie, Castellano, Christian-Alexandre, Wagner, J Richard, and Cunnane, Stephen C

Subjects
mediumchain triglycerides, bioavailability, emulsification, lipid metabolism, ketogenesis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lower-brain glucose uptake is commonly present before the onset of cognitive deterioration associated with aging and may increase the risk of Alzheimer disease. Ketones are the brain's main alternative energy substrate to glucose. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are rapidly β-oxidized and are ketogenic but also have gastrointestinal side effects. We assessed whether MCT emulsification into a lactose-free skim-milk matrix [emulsified MCTs (MCT-Es)] would improve ketogenesis, reduce side effects, or both compared with the same oral dose of MCTs consumed without emulsification [nonemulsified MCTs (MCT-NEs)]. OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to show that, in healthy adults, MCT-Es will induce higher ketonemia and have fewer side effects than MCT-NEs and the effects of MCT-NEs and MCT-Es on ketogenesis and plasma medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) will be dose-dependent. METHODS: Using a metabolic study day protocol, 10 healthy adults were each given 3 separate doses (10, 20, or 30 g) of MCT-NEs or MCT-Es with a standard breakfast or no treatment [control (CTL)]. Blood samples were taken every 30 min for 4 h to measure plasma ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate), octanoate, decanoate, and other metabolites. Participants completed a side-effects questionnaire at the end of each study day. RESULTS: Compared with CTL, MCT-NEs increased ketogenesis by 2-fold with no significant differences between doses. MCT-Es increased total plasma ketones by 2- to 4-fold in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with MCT-NEs, MCT-Es increased plasma MCFA bioavailability (F) by 2- to 3-fold and decreased the number of side effects by ∼50%. CONCLUSIONS: Emulsification increased the ketogenic effect and decreased side effects in a dose-dependent manner for single doses of MCTs ≤30 g under matching conditions. Further investigation is needed to establish whether emulsification could sustain ketogenesis and minimize side effects and therefore be used as a treatment to change brain ketone availability over a prolonged period of time. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02409927.

Published
2017

36. Organic farmer perceptions of reduced tillage: A Michigan farmer survey.

Author

Lowry, Carolyn J. and Brainard, Daniel C.

Subjects
ORGANIC farmers, TILLAGE, SOIL quality
Abstract

A common critique of organic farming is that it is very tillage intensive, and therefore deleterious to soil quality. However, little information is available on the tillage practices currently employed by organic farmers, as well as organic farmers' attitudes toward reduced tillage (RT). To address these knowledge gaps, a detailed written survey of Michigan organic field crop and vegetable farmers was conducted to investigate their current tillage practices, as well as their perceptions of the barriers and benefits to adoption of RT. Respondents reported a wide range in tillage frequency and intensity, both across and within production of specific crops, with operations split evenly between field preparation and cultivation. Compared with field crop growers, vegetable growers were generally smaller scale and relied more heavily on a limited set of tillage (e.g., rototiller) and cultivation tools. Interest in adoption of RT practices among respondents was low to moderate with median Likert scale ratings (0–7 scale with 0 representing no interest and 7 extreme interest) of 4 or less for all forms of RT. Vegetable growers were most interested in permanent beds, rotational tillage and strip tillage, whereas field crop growers were most interested in rotational tillage and strip tillage. The greatest perceived benefits to adoption of RT were improved soil quality and fuel savings. Both groups ranked weeds, impacts on yields, residue management and crop establishment as high barriers to RT adoption. Vegetable growers also cited lack of scale appropriate equipment as a major barrier. Survey results suggest that future research efforts should focus on overcoming key barriers to adoption, such as weed management and access to low-cost adaptable RT equipment rather than reiterating relatively well-known soil quality benefits. Our results also suggest that promotion of incremental reductions in the frequency and intensity of tillage operations on organic farms may be more realistic and equally valuable compared with promotion of more extreme forms of RT such as no-till. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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43. A NOVEL APPROACH FOR EFFECTIVE DOSE MEASUREMENTS IN DUAL-ENERGY CT.

Author

Mattison, Brett J., Nguyen, Giao B., Januzis, Natalie, Lowry, Carolyn, and Yoshizumi, Terry T.

Subjects
METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, COMPUTED tomography, IONIZATION chambers, IMAGING phantoms, ABDOMINAL radiography
Abstract

A novel method was presented for the effective dose (ED) measurement with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors in dual-energy (DE) dual-source (DS) computed tomography (CT) scanner. This study demonstrated that the mean energy of the combined spectrum in dual-source computed tomography can be used to measure the ED. For validation, the MOSFET dose at the centre cavity of a CT dose index (CTDI) body phantom was compared with the dose measured with an energy-independent ion chamber (IC). A clinical abdomen/pelvis scan was performed with an adult anthropomorphic phantom, and ED was compared between the MOSFET method and the dose length product (DLP) method. The tissue doses in the CTDI phantom were 2.08±(2.70 %) with IC and 2.20±(4.82 %) cGy with MOSFET; the per cent difference was 5.91 %, and the ttest showed that there was no statistically significant difference. EDs for the abdomen/pelvis scans were 5.01±(2.34 %) mSv with MOSFETand 5.56 mSv with the DLP method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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46. Radiation Exposure in the Follow-Up of Patients with Urolithiasis Comparing Digital Tomosynthesis, Non-Contrast CT, Standard KUB, and IVU

Author

Astroza, Gaston M., primary, Neisius, Andreas, additional, Wang, Agnes J., additional, Nguyen, Giao, additional, Toncheva, Greta, additional, Wang, Chu, additional, Januzis, Natalie, additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Ferrandino, Michael N., additional, Neville, Amy N., additional, Yoshizumi, Terry T., additional, Preminger, Glenn M., additional, and Lipkin, Michael E., additional

Published
2013
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48. 2196 OBESITY TRIPLES THE RADIATION EXPOSURE OF STONE PROTOCOL CT

Author

Goldsmith, Zachariah G., primary, Wang, Agnes, additional, Wang, Chu, additional, Nguyen, Giao, additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Astroza, Gastón M., additional, Iqbal, Muhammad W., additional, Ferrandino, Michael N., additional, Ding, Leo, additional, Belley, Matthew D., additional, Toncheva, Greta, additional, Yoshizumi, Terry T., additional, Preminger, Glenn M., additional, and Lipkin, Michael E., additional

Published
2012
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49. 2296 ORGAN SPECIFIC RADIATION DOSE AND EFFECTIVE DOSE FOR RENAL STONE PROTOCOL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)

Author

Iqbal, Muhammad W., primary, Wang, Agnes J., additional, Nguyen, Giao, additional, Astroza, Gastón M., additional, Toncheva, Greta, additional, Januzis, Natalie, additional, Lowry, Carolyn, additional, Neville, Amy M., additional, Ferrandino, Michael N., additional, Yoshizumi, Terry T., additional, Preminger, Glenn M., additional, and Lipkin, Michael E., additional

Published
2012
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