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1. A History of Genomics across Species, Communities and Projects

Author

García-Sancho, Miguel and Lowe, James

Subjects
Genome mapping, Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Human DNA, Pig DNA, Sus scrofa, High throughput sequencing technology, Whole-genome projects, Sequence assembly, Annotation, European Commission, thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science, thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine, thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history, thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
Abstract

This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the history of genomics across three different species and four decades, from the 1980s to the recent past. It takes an inclusive approach in order to capture not only the international initiatives to map and sequence the genomes of various organisms, but also the work of smaller-scale institutions engaged in the mapping and sequencing of yeast, human and pig DNA. In doing so, the authors expand the historiographical lens of genomics from a focus on large-scale projects to other forms of organisation. They show how practices such as genome mapping, sequence assembly and annotation are as essential as DNA sequencing in the history of genomics, and argue that existing depictions of genomics are too closely associated with the Human Genome Project. Exploring the use of genomic tools by biochemists, cell biologists, and medical and agriculturally-oriented geneticists, this book portrays the history of genomics as inseparably entangled with the day-to-day practices and objectives of these communities. The authors also uncover often forgotten actors such as the European Commission, a crucial funder and forger of collaborative networks undertaking genomic projects. In examining historical trajectories across species, communities and projects, the book provides new insights on genomics, its dramatic expansion during the late twentieth-century and its developments in the twenty-first century. Offering the first extensive critical examination of the nature and historicity of reference genomes, this book demonstrates how their affordances and limitations are shaped by the involvement or absence of particular communities in their production.

Published
2023
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6. Conclusion

Author

García-Sancho, Miguel, Lowe, James, Timmermann, Carsten, Series Editor, Worboys, Michael, Series Editor, García-Sancho, Miguel, and Lowe, James

Published
2023
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10. The Human Genome Project(s)

Author

García-Sancho, Miguel, Lowe, James, Timmermann, Carsten, Series Editor, Worboys, Michael, Series Editor, García-Sancho, Miguel, and Lowe, James

Published
2023
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11. Introduction

Author

García-Sancho, Miguel, Lowe, James, Timmermann, Carsten, Series Editor, Worboys, Michael, Series Editor, García-Sancho, Miguel, and Lowe, James

Published
2023
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22. Implementation of a pooled surveillance testing program for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in K-12 schools and universities

Author

Mendoza, Rachelle P., Bi, Chongfeng, Cheng, Hui-Ting, Gabutan, Elmer, Pagaspas, Guillerre Jan, Khan, Nadia, Hoxie, Helen, Hanna, Stephen, Holmes, Kelly, Gao, Nicholas, Lewis, Raychel, Wang, Huaien, Neumann, Daniel, Chan, Angela, Takizawa, Meril, Lowe, James, Chen, Xiao, Kelly, Brianna, Asif, Aneeza, Barnes, Keena, Khan, Nusrat, May, Brandon, Chowdhury, Tasnim, Pollonini, Gabriella, Gouda, Nourelhoda, Guy, Chante, Gordon, Candice, Ayoluwa, Nana, Colon, Elvin, Miller-Medzon, Noah, Jones, Shanique, Hossain, Rauful, Dodson, Arabia, Weng, Meimei, McGaskey, Miranda, Vasileva, Ana, Lincoln, Andrew E., Sikka, Robby, Wyllie, Anne L., Berke, Ethan M., Libien, Jenny, Pincus, Matthew, and Premsrirut, Prem K.

Published
2021
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23. Residential mobility, mental health and welfare reform

Author

Lowe, James, Moon, Graham, and Deverteuil, Geoffrey

Subjects
363.5
Abstract

This thesis qualitatively examines the interplay between service users’ residential mobility and mental health and assesses the ways in which each is influenced or determined by the other. Twenty-five service users in England were over a period of eighteen months interviewed in depth about their experiences of both residential mobility and mental health. These interviews were conducted against the backdrop of the on-going austerity-driven reforms to the welfare state that have witnessed the rapid promulgation of policies designed to spur service user entry into the formal labour market, via the use of restrictions on continued eligibility for particular sickness, disability, and housing benefits, and reductions in their monetary value. Evidence from the interviews is used to test two of the primary models through which the residential mobility patterns of service users have been explained: displacement from unstable lodgings resulting in circulation through disparate residential settings; and entrapment in low quality accommodation in predominately deprived areas. The thesis finds evidence of both scenarios, and reports on the negative health experiences encountered therein. It demonstrates that the extent to which residential circumstances have a negative impact on mental health rests upon whether service users feel unable to exercise any control over their residential choices. The exercise of which is being further compromised by a hastily reformed system for determining on-going eligibility to welfare benefits and a wider retrenchment of the services and facilities around which users have often orientated their lives. Here, invasive and ineffectual medical assessments destabilise service users and threaten a reduction in income, enforced changes in accommodation, and the rupture of their carefully calibrated wellness strategies which, in the absence of wider service provision, are increasingly emplaced in and around users’ own homes. The findings raise considerable questions about the operation of the welfare system and its impact for service users’ health and residential stability.

Published
2017

24. Freedom of artistic expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights

Author

Lowe, James Joseph Greaves, Mac Amhlaigh, Cormac, and Tierney, Stephen

Subjects
341.4, Article 10, freedom of expression, freedom of artistic expression, European Convention on Human Rights
Abstract

Under the auspices of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights the right to freedom of expression is said to be held by everyone and to include the freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority, subject to the limitation clauses outlined in Article 10(2). Whilst the text of Article 10 therefore makes no explicit reference to specifically artistic expression, the European Court of Human Rights has, in its interpretation of ‘information and ideas’, nevertheless accepted that artistic expression does indeed fall within the ambit of Article 10’s protection of freedom of expression. However, despite the Court recognising artistic expression as a form of expression within the framework of Article 10, conclusions reached in the early case law concerning the issue of controversial artworks would appear to suggest the judicial creation of an implicit hierarchy of expression under which artistic expression is seen to enjoy a relatively low level of protection. Given the non-differentiated articulation of the right to freedom of expression enounced in the text of Article 10, the creation of such a hierarchy of expression is therefore a cause for doctrinal concern. In seeking to assess this misnomer the thesis’ analysis of the treatment of artistic expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights may be distilled in to two component parts. Firstly, a theoretical basis will be established from which artistic expression may be located within the context of the discourse pertaining to freedom of expression more generally. Having confirmed that, whilst of a distinctive, sui generis nature, artistic expression may indeed constitute ‘expression’ for the purposes of freedom of expression doctrine the second part of the thesis will examine the particular question of artistic expression’s treatment under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Published
2017

30. The role of normal development in experimental embryology

Author

Lowe, James William Edward and Müller-Wille, Staffan

Subjects
571.8
Abstract

This thesis presents an examination of the notion of 'normal development' and its role in biological research. It centres on a detailed historical analysis of the experimental embryological work of the American biologist Edmund Beecher Wilson in the early-1890s. Normal development is a fundamental concept in biology, which underpins and facilitates experimental work investigating the processes of organismal development. Concepts of the normal and normality in biology (and medicine) have been fruitfully examined by philosophers. Yet, despite being constantly used and invoked by developmental biologists, the concept of normal development has not been subject to substantial philosophical attention. In this thesis I analyse how the concept of normal development is produced and used in experimental systems, and use this analysis to probe its theoretical and methodological significance. I focus on normal development as a technical condition in experimental practice. In doing so I highlight the work that is required to create and sustain both it and the work that it enables. Variation between embryos can cause problems for scientists trying to produce valid and comparable results. In my study of Wilson's work, I examine how the practices associated with normal development deal with the variation between embryos. In the 1890s, Wilson became increasingly interested in which causes were responsible for the processes of differentiation (the production of different cells and organs) and determination in the process of embryonic development. He performed a series of experiments on the marine invertebrate Amphioxus, which exhibits considerable variability in early development (Wilson, 1893a). Wilson carefully observed his samples and outlined a normal development based on them, which included a considerable range of variation. How Wilson treated variation was reflected in the different way in which he conceived of the process of development compared to other prominent embryologists, such as Hans Driesch and Wilhelm Roux. 4 Having introduced and assessed normal development, I use two analytical approaches to make further sense of it. Furthermore, these approaches identify why appreciating the role of normal development enables us to understand important aspects of scientific practice, such as experimental methodology and making causal attributions based on the results of experimental manipulations. The two main analytical approaches I use are James Woodward's manipulationist theory of causation (Woodward, 2003 and 2010), and Hans- Jörg Rheinberger's experimental systems approach (Rheinberger, 1997). The former assesses the factors involved in assessing proposed causal factors, rather than simply demarcating between causes and non-causes. The latter focuses on the way experimental set-ups are configured by scientists in ongoing series of experiments to frame phenomena of interest: 'epistemic objects'. My experimental systems are produced and reproduced, and to how attributions of causality which arise from experimental work are made.

Published
2015

31. Mathematical Modelling in the Junior Secondary Years: An Approach Incorporating Mathematical Technology

Author

Lowe, James, Carter, Merilyn, and Cooper, Tom

Abstract

Mathematical models are conceptual processes that use mathematics to describe, explain, and/or predict the behaviour of complex systems. This article is written for teachers of mathematics in the junior secondary years (including out-of-field teachers of mathematics) who may be unfamiliar with mathematical modelling, to explain the steps involved in developing a model and the differences between modelling and traditional problem solving. Two paper folding activities are used to demonstrate how mathematical modelling and technology can support mathematics learning.

Published
2018

33. Long-term effect of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: 2-year extension of the MGTX randomised trial

Author

Cutter, Gary, Aban, Inmaculada, Minisman, Greg, Feese, Michelle, Kuo, Hui-Chien, Newsom-Davis, John, Wolfe, Gil, Kaminski, Henry, Jaretzki, Alfred, Sonett, Joshua, Mazia, Claudio, Saluto, Valeria, Rosenberg, Moises, Alvarez, Valeria, Rey, Lisa, King, John, Butzkueven, Helmut, Goldblatt, John, Carey, John, Pollard, John, Reddel, Stephen, Handel, Nicholas, McCaughan, Brian, Pallot, Linda, Waddington-Cruz, Márcia, Novis, Ricardo, Boasquevisque, Carlos, Dias-Tosta, Elza, Morato-Fernandez, Rubens, Ximenes, Manoel, Werneck, Lineu, Scola, Rosana, Soltoski, Paulo, Chalk, Colin, Moore, Fraser, Mulder, David, Wadup, Lisa, Oger, Joel, Mezei, Michele, Evans, Kenneth, Jiwa, Theresa, Schaffar, Anne, White, Chris, Toth, Cory, Gelfand, Gary, Wood, Susan, Pringle, Elizabeth, Zwicker, Jocelyn, Maziak, Donna, Shamji, Farid, Sundaresan, Sudhir, Seely, Andrew, Cea, Gabriel, Verduga, Renato, Aguayo, Alberto, Jander, Sebastian, Zickler, Philipp, Klein, Michael, Marx, Alexander, Ströbel, Philipp, Weis, Cleo-Aron, Melms, Arthur, Bischof, Felix, Aebert, Hermann, Ziemer, Gerhard, Nix, Wilfred, Thümler, Björn, Wilhem-Schwenkmezger, Thomas, Mayer, Eckhard, Schalke, Berthold, Pöschel, Peter, Hieber, Gisela, Wiebe, Karsten, Antonini, Giovanni, Clemenzi, Alessandro, Ceschin, Vanessa, Rendina, Erino, Venuta, Federico, Morino, Stefania, Bucci, Elisabetta, Durelli, Luca, Tavella, Alessia, Clerico, Marinella, Contessa, Giulia, Borasio, Piero, Evoli, Amelia, Servidei, Serenella, Granone, Pierluigi, Mantegazza, Renato, Berta, Emilia, Novellino, Lorenzo, Spinelli, Luisa, Motomura, Masakatsu, Matsuo, Hidenori, Nagayasu, Takeshi, Yoshikawa, Hiroaki, Takamori, Masaharu, Oda, Makoto, Matsumoto, Isao, Furukawa, Yutaka, Noto, Daisuke, Motozaki, Yuko, Iwasa, Kazuo, Yanase, Daisuke, Garcia Ramos, Guillermo, Cacho, Bernardo, de la Garza, Lorenzo, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anne, Lipowska, Marta, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Potulska-Chromik, Anna, Orlowski, Tadeusz, Silva, Ana, Feijo, Marta, Freitas, António, Heckmann, Jeannine, Frost, Andrew, Pan, Edward, Tucker, Lawrence, Rossouw, Johan, Drummond, Fiona, Illa, Isabel, Diaz, Jorge, Leon, Carlos, Yeh, Jiann-Horng, Chiu, Hou-Chang, Hsieh, Yei-San, Witoonpanich, Rawiphan, Tunlayadechanont, Supoch, Attanavanich, Sukasom, Verschuuren, Jan, Straathof, Chiara, Titulaer, Maarten, Versteegh, Michel, Pels, Arda, Krum, Yvonne, Buckley, Camilla, Leite, M. Isabel, Vincent, Angela, Hilton-Jones, David, Ratnatunga, Chandi, Farrugia, Maria, Petty, Richard, Overell, James, Kirk, Alan, Gibson, Andrew, McDermott, Chris, Hopkinson, David, Lecky, Bryan, Watling, David, Marshall, Dot, Saminaden, Sam, Davies, Deborah, Dougan, Charlotte, Sathasivam, Siva, Page, Richard, Sussman, Jon, Ealing, John, Krysiak, Peter, Amato, Anthony, Salajegheh, Mohammad, Jaklitsch, Michael, Roe, Kristen, Ashizawa, Tetsuo, Smith, Robert Glenn, Zwischenberg, Joseph, Stanton, Penny, Barboi, Alexandru, Jaradeh, Safwan, Tisol, William, Gasparri, Mario, Haasler, George, Yellick, Mary, Dennis, Cedric, Barohn, Richard, Pasnoor, Mamatha, Dimachkie, Mazen, McVey, April, Gronseth, Gary, Dick, Arthur, Kramer, Jeffrey, Currence, Melissa, Herbelin, Laura, Belsh, Jerry, Li, George, Langenfeld, John, Mertz, Mary Ann, Benatar, Michael, Harrison, Taylor, Force, Seth, Usher, Sharon, Beydoun, Said, Lin, Frank, DeMeester, Steve, Akhter, Salem, Malekniazi, Ali, Avenido, Gina, Crum, Brian, Milone, Margherita, Cassivi, Stephen, Fisher, Janet, Ciafaloni, Emma, Heatwole, Chad, Watson, Thomas, Hilbert, James, Smirnow, Alexis, Distad, B. Jane, Weiss, Michael, Wood, Douglas, Haug, Joanna, Ernstoff, Raina, Cao, Jingyang, Chmielewski, Gary, Welsh, Robert, Duris, Robin, Gutmann, Laurie, Pawar, Gauri, Graeber, Geoffrey Marc, Altemus, Patricia, Nance, Christopher, Gutmann, Ludwig, Jackson, Carlayne, Grogan, Patrick, Calhoon, John, Kittrell, Pamela, Myers, Deborah, Hayat, Ghazala, Naunheim, Keith, Eller, Susan, Holzemer, Eve, Katirji, Bashar, Alshekhlee, Amer, Robke, Jason, Karlinchak, Brenda, Katz, Jonathan, Miller, Robert, Roan, Ralph, Forshew, Dallas, Kissel, John, Elsheikh, Bakri, Ross, Patrick, Chelnick, Sharon, Lewis, Richard, Acsadi, Agnes, Baciewicz, Frank, Masse, Stacey, Massey, Janice, Juel, Vern, Onaitis, Mark, Lowe, James, Lipscomb, Bernadette, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Thai, Gaby, Milliken, Jeffrey, Martin, Veronica, Karayan, Ronnie, Muley, Suraj, Parry, Gareth, Shumway, Sara, Oh, Shin, Claussen, Gwen, Lu, Liang, Cerfolio, Robert, Young, Angela, Morgan, Marla, Pascuzzi, Robert, Kincaid, John, Kesler, Kenneth, Guingrich, Sandy, Michaels, Angi, Phillips, Lawrence, Burns, Ted, Jones, David, Fischer, Cindy, Pulley, Michael, Berger, Alan, D'Agostino, Harry, Smith, Lisa, Rivner, Michael, Pruitt, Jerry, Landolfo, Kevin, Hillman, Demetric, Shaibani, Aziz, Sermas, Angelo, Ruel, Ross, Ismail, Farah, Sivak, Mark, Goldstein, Martin, Camunas, Jorge, Bratton, Joan, Tandan, Rup, Panitch, Hill, Leavitt, Bruce, Jones, Marilee, Muppidi, Srikanth, Vernino, Steven, Nations, Sharon, Meyer, Dan, Gorham, Nina, Wolfe, Gil I, Kaminski, Henry J, Aban, Inmaculada B, Cea, J Gabriel, Heckmann, Jeannine M, King, John O, Beydoun, Said R, Chalk, Colin H, Barboi, Alexandru C, Amato, Anthony A, Shaibani, Aziz I, Lecky, Bryan R F, Pulley, Michael T, Rivner, Michael H, Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Jackson, Carlayne E, Verschuuren, Jan J G M, Massey, Janice M, Kissel, John T, Werneck, Lineu C, Barohn, Richard J, Silvestri, Nicholas J, Conwit, Robin, Sonett, Joshua R, Jaretzki, Alfred, III, and Cutter, Gary R

Published
2019
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40. Design-Build Contracting by Virginia Public Bodies.

Author

Lowe, James K.

Abstract

In an effort to depoliticize design-build contracts, the Commonwealth of Virginia created a management review board to determine whether a locality should be authorized to use a design-build contract in lieu of competitive sealed bidding. This paper explains that process. In order to employ a design-build contract for a specific construction project, the Commonwealth and its departments, institutions, and agencies must seek and secure the prior approval of the Director of the Division of Engineering and Building. For public bodies other than the Commonwealth and its departments, institutions, and agencies, the public body must seek and secure the approval of the Design-Build/Construction Management Review Board prior to using a design-build contract for a specific construction project. For such contracts, prior to determining whether to use a design-build approach for a specific project, a professional advisor must be enlisted and a request for review submitted; the review process includes a judicial review. Information on the selection, evaluation, and award of design-build contracts is covered, as are details on proposal requests, the selection of qualified offerors, and project evaluation. (RJM)

Published
1998

50. Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Copy Number Gain of 1q25 Predicts Poor Progression-Free Survival for Pediatric Intracranial Ependymomas and Enables Patient Risk Stratification: A Prospective European Clinical Trial Cohort Analysis on Behalf of the Children's Cancer Leukaemia Group (CCLG), Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SFOP), and International Society for Pediatric Oncology (SIOP)

Author

Kilday, John-Paul, primary, Mitra, Biswaroop, primary, Domerg, Caroline, primary, Ward, Jennifer, primary, Andreiuolo, Felipe, primary, Osteso-Ibanez, Teresa, primary, Mauguen, Audrey, primary, Varlet, Pascale, primary, Le Deley, Marie-Cecile, primary, Lowe, James, primary, Ellison, David W., primary, Gilbertson, Richard J., primary, Coyle, Beth, primary, Grill, Jacques, primary, and Grundy, Richard G., primary

Published
2023
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