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4. Treatment of sleep disturbance following stroke and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of conservative interventions

Author

Lowe, Alex, Bailey, Mark, O’Shaughnessy, Terry, and Macavei, Vladimir

Abstract

Sleep disorders are common following stroke and traumatic brain injury. We present a systematic review of the literature investigating conservative interventions to improve sleep in these populations. The PRISMA statement was used. Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane library were searched for all experimental studies published prior to 28th March 2020 that assessed conservative interventions to improve the sleep or sleep disorders of adults with a history of stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two authors reviewed publications of interest and risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool or the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies instrument. Twenty-three publications were included in this systematic review. Meta-analyses were not performed due to study heterogeneity. Psychotherapy-based approaches might be useful for sleep disturbance after TBI and acupuncture may help improve insomnia or sleep disturbance following stroke or TBI, respectively. The evidence was less clear for morning bright light therapy and exercise. Limitations included a single author performing primary searches, only English publications, the reporting of secondary outcome measures, and sleep disorder diagnoses. Some conservative interventions might be useful for improving sleep disturbance or disorders in these populations, but further research is required.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSleep disturbance is common following stroke and traumatic brain injury, with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea being the most frequently diagnosed sleep disorders.Psychotherapy-based approaches might be useful for sleep disturbance after TBI and acupuncture may help improve insomnia or sleep disturbance following stroke or TBI, respectively.Morning bright light therapy appeared to be more beneficial for fatigue rather than sleep disturbance after TBI, and the evidence for exercise was less clear. Sleep disturbance is common following stroke and traumatic brain injury, with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea being the most frequently diagnosed sleep disorders. Psychotherapy-based approaches might be useful for sleep disturbance after TBI and acupuncture may help improve insomnia or sleep disturbance following stroke or TBI, respectively. Morning bright light therapy appeared to be more beneficial for fatigue rather than sleep disturbance after TBI, and the evidence for exercise was less clear.

Published
2022
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7. Employment Status Following The Uber Supreme Court Case

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
Self-employed persons -- Laws, regulations and rules, Worker classification -- Laws, regulations and rules, Employee rights -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

Establishing an individual's employment rights can feel like a minefield, with varying degrees of obligations on the employer depending on the employment status. Earlier this year the Supreme Court upheld [...]

Published
2021

8. A Structure–Function Substrate of Memory for Spatial Configurations in Medial and Lateral Temporal Cortices

Author

Tavakol, Shahin, primary, Li, Qiongling, additional, Royer, Jessica, additional, Vos de Wael, Reinder, additional, Larivière, Sara, additional, Lowe, Alex, additional, Paquola, Casey, additional, Jefferies, Elizabeth, additional, Hartley, Tom, additional, Bernasconi, Andrea, additional, Bernasconi, Neda, additional, Smallwood, Jonathan, additional, Bohbot, Veronique, additional, Caciagli, Lorenzo, additional, and Bernhardt, Boris, additional

Published
2021
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10. A structure-function substrate of memory for spatial configurations in medial and lateral temporal cortices

Author

Tavakol, Shahin, primary, Li, Qiongling, additional, Royer, Jessica, additional, Vos de Wael, Reinder, additional, Larivière, Sara, additional, Lowe, Alex, additional, Paquola, Casey, additional, Jefferies, Elizabeth, additional, Hartley, Tom, additional, Bernasconi, Andrea, additional, Bernasconi, Neda, additional, Smallwood, Jonathan, additional, Bohbot, Veronique, additional, Caciagli, Lorenzo, additional, and Bernhardt, Boris, additional

Published
2020
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14. Inferring ethnic origin by means of an STR profile.

Author

Lowe, Alex L., Urquhart, Andrew, Foreman, Lindsey A., and Evett, Ian W.

Subjects
Forensic genetics -- Methods, Population genetics -- Research, DNA testing -- Analysis, Forensic anthropology -- Methods, British -- Genetic aspects, Ethnic groups -- Genetic aspects
Published
2001

18. Sea urchins structure deep benthic communities in the San Juan Archipelago

Author

Whippo, Ross, Lowe, Alex, and Britton-Simmons, Kevin

Subjects
embryonic structures, fungi, education, human activities, geographic locations
Abstract

Poster presented at the Salish Sea Conference in Vancouver, 2011. Work done at the Friday Harbor Laboratories investigating the effect of sea urchins on benthic invertebrate communities.

Published
2017
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19. Sleep disturbance and recovery during rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.

Author

Lowe, Alex, Neligan, Aidan, and Greenwood, Richard

Subjects
*CONFIDENCE intervals, *CONVALESCENCE, *HEALTH status indicators, *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, *MEDICAL databases, *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, *LIFE skills, *MEDLINE, *NOSOLOGY, *ONLINE information services, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *QUALITY of life, *SLEEP disorders, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *RELATIVE medical risk, *REHABILITATION for brain injury patients, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ODDS ratio
Abstract

Purpose: Sleep disturbance is well recognized following traumatic brain injury, but less is known about the potential effects of this on patients and their recovery. We review the recent literature that investigates the relationship between sleep disturbance in adult patients following a traumatic brain injury and their functioning, disability, and health. Materials and methods: The PRISMA statement was used as a guide to report the systematic review. Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane library were searched for all research articles published (or in press) in the 10 y prior to 25 May 2018 that investigated the relationship between the development (or treatment) of sleep disturbance of adult patients with a history of traumatic brain injury and patient outcomes, according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Core Sets for persons with sleep disorders. Two authors independently assessed all identified studies by title and abstract and were included following article review and discussion. Study quality was assessed using the evidence-based library and information practice critical appraisal checklist. Results: Our search identified 27 studies with a wide range in patient populations and assessment measures. Results suggested that sleep disturbance in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury may be associated with the resolution of post-traumatic amnesia and specific impairments of cognition, affective disorders, fatigue, and pain. Some studies indicated that sleep disturbance could be related to an impaired functional ability and reduced quality of life. Limitations of the systematic review included strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and reporting of secondary outcome measures. Conclusions: These findings highlight the relationship between sleep disturbance and patient rehabilitation and outcomes, and therefore the importance of assessing sleep in patients following a traumatic brain injury. Further research is required with more focused patient populations that combine both subjective and objective assessments of sleep to help clarify this relationship. Sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury may be related to the resolution of post-traumatic amnesia, cognitive and affective disorders, fatigue, and pain. Those with a history of traumatic brain injury and sleep disturbance may demonstrate a worse functional ability and report a poorer satisfaction with life. It is important for rehabilitation professionals to take sleep disturbance into account in those patients with a history of traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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20. Paleobotanical proxies for early Eocene climates and ecosystems in northern North America from mid to high latitudes.

Author

West, Christopher K., Greenwood, David R., Reichgelt, Tammo, Lowe, Alex J., Vachon, Janelle M., and Basinger, James F.

Abstract

Early Eocene climates were globally warm, with ice-free conditions at both poles. Early Eocene polar landmasses supported extensive forest ecosystems of a primarily temperate biota, but also with abundant thermophilic elements such as crocodilians, and mesothermic taxodioid conifers and angiosperms. The globally warm early Eocene was punctuated by geologically brief hyperthermals such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), culminating in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), during which the range of thermophilic plants such as palms extended into the Arctic. Climate models have struggled to reproduce early Eocene Arctic warm winters and high precipitation, with models invoking a variety of mechanisms, from atmospheric CO2 levels that are unsupported by proxy evidence, to the role of an enhanced hydrological cycle to reproduce winters that experienced no direct solar energy input yet remained wet and above freezing. Here, we provide new estimates of climate, and compile existing paleobotanical proxy data for upland and lowland mid-latitudes sites in British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington, USA, and from high-latitude lowland sites in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic to compare climatic regimes between mid -and high latitudes of the early Eocene - spanning the PETM to the EECO - of the northern half of North America. In addition, these data are used to reevaluate the latitudinal temperate gradient in North America during the early Eocene, and to provide refined biome interpretations of these ancient forests based on climate and physiognomic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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25. Step forward for England

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
World Cup (Rugby football) -- 2015 AD, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Argentina 26 England 51 Stuart Lancaster flew to Australia yesterday reassured that England's Rugby World Cup preparations are on the right track after a [...]

Published
2013

26. Lancaster sure England are on right road to 2015

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
World Cup (Rugby football), General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Argentina 26 England 51 Att: Stuart Lancaster flew to Australia yesterday reassured that England's Rugby World Cup preparations are on the right track after [...]

Published
2013

27. Yarde dazzles on his debut as England secure clean sweep

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Argentina 26 England 51 Att: 21,062 Marland Yarde marked his Test debut with two excellent tries and Kyle Eastmond ran in a dazzling individual [...]

Published
2013

28. England seek clean sweep

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe Joe Launchbury may have spent some time this week sampling the sights of Buenos Aires and having his photo taken with a Diego Maradona lookalike, but he [...]

Published
2013

30. Yarde's chance to parade talent on England stage; RUGBY UNION

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
Rugby football, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Labelled by his London Irish head coach, Brian Smith, as a better player than Chris Ashton, Marland Yarde gets his chance to live up [...]

Published
2013

31. Yarde given chance to parade rich talent on England stage

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Labelled by his London Irish head coach, Brian Smith, as a better player than Chris Ashton, Marland Yarde gets his chance to live up [...]

Published
2013

33. Attwood finishes long road to redemption

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires There were times on Dave Attwood's road to redemption with England when he feared he would never reach his destination. When he did, he [...]

Published
2013

34. Cycling guru plans night sessions for England

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires England's players are to have nighttime training sessions and sleep on specially designed mattresses to maximise their chances of winning the 2015 Rugby World [...]

Published
2013

35. Tyros stake claim for England berth

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta Argentina 3 England 32 Att: 20,000 Some of the biggest names in English rugby will be sitting a little less comfortably by their swimming pools [...]

Published
2013

36. Wade's dream debut fires England

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta Argentina 3 England 32 Att: 20,000 The pre-match fireworks in the stands were blue and white but the most incendiary presence in Salta was dressed [...]

Published
2013

37. Wade excels in England victory

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta Argentina 3 England 32 Att: 20,000 The pre-match fireworks in the stands were blue and white but the most incendiary presence in Salta was dressed [...]

Published
2013

38. Wood calls for England to show pride and passion

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta, Argentina England captain Tom Wood has demanded his team learn the lessons of their Grand Slam failure and raise the passion stakes ahead of today's [...]

Published
2013

39. Wood tells England: show your passion

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta, Argentina England captain Tom Wood has demanded his team learn the lessons of their Grand Slam failure and raise the passion stakes ahead of today's [...]

Published
2013

40. Grant's Lions snub sparks Scottish anger

Author

Lowe, Alex and Reid, Alasdair

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta, Argentina, and Alasdair Reid The call-up of England's Alex Corbisiero to the British and Irish Lions has prompted anger among the Scotland ranks that Glasgow [...]

Published
2013

41. Corbisiero's call-up opens England door for Marler

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Salta Joe Marler will start for England against Argentina in the first Test on Saturday after Alex Corbisiero's British and Irish Lions call-up forced head coach [...]

Published
2013

43. Vunipola powers England ahead after testing start

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Montevideo CONSUR XV 21 England 41 Billy Vunipola scored a six-minute hat-trick of tries as England saw off a stern challenge from a South American XV [...]

Published
2013

44. Vunipola treble powers England to easy Victory

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Montevideo CONSUR XV 21 England 41 Billy Vunipola scored a six-minute hat-trick as England completed their preparations for the Test series against Argentina with victory over [...]

Published
2013

46. Foden ready to end year of frustration

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe in Buenos Aires Ben Foden is determined to use tomorrow's tour match against a South American XV as the catalyst to reignite his England career after a [...]

Published
2013

47. Gustard seeks more heroes... and villains; RUGBY UNION

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe Paul Gustard is planning to use his maverick training techniques on England during the three-match tour of Uruguay and Argentina. Gustard, working as interim defence coach while [...]

Published
2013

48. French clear Sale prop of doping

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe Sale Sharks prop Eifion Lewis-Roberts has been cleared of deliberately taking a banned substance following an investigation by the French rugby authorities. Lewis-Roberts returned a positive sample [...]

Published
2013

49. Madigan too classy for Wasps; AMLIN CUP

Author

Lowe, Alex

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alex Lowe at Adams Park Wasps 28 Leinster 48 Att: 9,655 Leinster secured a Amlin Challenge Cup semi-final at home to Biarritz with a performance of ruthless efficiency against [...]

Published
2013

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