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Objectives Methods Results Discussion The number of older adults struggling to maintain adequate housing is growing. Prior studies have used various criteria to measure housing insecurity; however, no standardized definition exists to date. Using a multidimensional approach, our study sought to calculate population‐based estimates of various forms of housing insecurity among community‐living older Americans and determine how these estimates differ across key characteristics.This study utilized data from the 2011 round of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a prospective longitudinal study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. Three key forms of housing insecurity were operationalized: poor housing affordability (PHA), poor housing quality (PHQ), and poor neighborhood quality (PNQ). Population‐based estimates of these forms of housing insecurity were calculated using analytic sampling weights and stratified by age, gender, race and ethnicity, frailty status, and dementia status.Totally 6466 participants were included in the analysis, representing 29,848,119 community‐living older Americans. The mean (standard deviation) age was 77.3 (7.7) years; by weighted percentages, 56.0% identified as female, 81.3% as White, 8.2% Black, and 7.1% Hispanic. At least one form of housing insecurity was identified in 38.5% of older Americans. Individually, the prevalence of PHA was 14.8%, PHQ 24%, and PNQ 12.5%. The prevalence of at least one form of housing insecurity was higher among persons of color (62.9% Black and 66% Hispanic vs White; p < 0.001), those with frailty (40.9% pre‐frail and 49.4% frail vs robust; p < 0.001), and those with cognitive impairment (48.1% possible and 51% probable dementia vs no dementia; p < 0.001).Nearly one in three community‐living older Americans experience at least one form of housing insecurity. This was most common among vulnerable subgroups. Our multidimensional approach to defining various forms of housing insecurity can be used for future studies focused on improving social determinants of health among high‐risk older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by scholarship on housing insecurity and the survival strategies of poor families, this study examines how impoverished families navigate and assess appropriate responses to housing insecurity in the private rental market. Drawing on interviews with 100 low-income families across Israel, the study finds that families construct rental housing as a chief source of subjugation, instability, and emotional distress. Poor families often draw on their relationships with their landlords to survive conditions of housing insecurity. I term this strategy leveraging "transactional ties." The concept emphasizes economic relationships between destitute families and advantaged actors in various market arenas. Families are subjugated by these well-positioned actors; nevertheless, they are sometimes able to negotiate a better deal for themselves. By emphasizing the importance of how renters construct transactional ties with powerful actors, the article contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of housing insecurity among disadvantaged populations today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1966, a new homelessness charity, Shelter, set out to redefine the homeless as impoverished families enduring poor or insecure housing rather than single men living on the street. Through a series of 'hard-hitting' reports and adverts, the group highlighted the destructiveness of poor housing on young families and gained a prominent national voice. This article examines Shelter's campaigns in the 1960s to examine how debates about homes and homelessness can reframe the development of discourses of 'crisis' that defined the 1970s and provided a key narrative of Thatcherism. It focuses on how Shelter deployed ideas of childhood, family, and the family home, often echoing theories of leading child psychiatrists of the post-war period, to warn of the profound and acute danger that the housing crisis represented to British society. Shelter's prominent and successful adverts and campaigns drew on growing anxieties about social and economic crisis, but did not discuss key issues of unemployment, racial discrimination, and deindustrialization. Instead, Shelter's campaigns focused on the damage poor housing did to family life and the education and life chances of individual children. Discourses of crisis in this period are often associated with 'inner cities' and failing reconstruction schemes, but Shelter presented an image of social crisis that was centred in the family and the family home. By analysing how Shelter drew on fears about the coming social crisis, the article suggests that the family home and the life chances of individuals were central to popular understandings and perceptions of crisis before the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Homeownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere VI programme (HOPE VI) model created a new approach to redeveloping public housing in the US, paving the way for the Choice Neighborhoods Initiative (CNI). Unlike traditional public housing redevelopment, CNI aims to revitalise entire ecosystems to create sustainable, thriving communities by focusing on housing, people, neighbourhoods and participatory community planning. This study used qualitative methods to explore the longitudinal perspectives of 12 stakeholders involved in a large CNI-funded public housing redevelopment project in Los Angeles, California. Our grounded theory analysis identified four key themes: (1) persistent community ghosts; (2) growing regeneration rooted in optimism and hope for the future; (3) displacement concerns; and (4) the emergence of a mixed-income dichotomy. These findings underscore the importance of continued community involvement in redevelopment efforts, especially in communities that bear complex historical and social challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractHousing cooperatives are being reconsidered in many countries worldwide as potentially relevant actors in the provision of affordable housing. This is also the case in Latin America, characterised by neo-liberal housing policies that have led to an increasing financialization of housing and marginalisation of the poor. Uruguay is an exception, with housing cooperatives playing a key role in the provision of affordable housing. For over two decades its Federation of Mutual Aid Housing Cooperatives (FUCVAM) has been advocating and actively supporting the establishment of cooperative housing in the region. In this paper, we examine the opportunities and challenges of housing cooperatives to penetrate in Colombia and El Salvador’s housing systems, two countries historically characterised by neo-liberal housing regimes. Based on empirical research in Uruguay, Colombia, and El Salvador, we will analyse the socioeconomic, political, and institutional factors that enable or constrain the emergence of housing cooperatives and their sustainability over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: Although there are many international college students in the state of Georgia, few studies have been conducted on how social determinants affect their health outcomes and academic success. This study examined the effects of social determinants on the health outcomes and academic success of international college students in Georgia. Participants: Participants were international college students (n = 136) in Georgia. Methods: A mixed methods cross-sectional design was used for the study. Results: The lack of access to sufficient funds caused study participants to experience anxiety (39.0%), depression (20.6%), and stress (52.9%). Cultural differences (16.9%), lack of access to health care (15.4%), transportation (14.7%), poor housing (7.4%), and financial insecurity (54.5%) affected study participant health outcomes and academic success. Conclusion: Addressing financial insecurity, the lack of access to health care, poor housing, transportation issues, and cultural differences experienced by international college students in Georgia, is crucial to their health outcomes and academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature suggests many victims of housing loss due to disaster need emergency shelter, and low-income individuals are at risk of becoming chronically homeless without assistance in the transition to conventional housing. In response, FEMA provides Transitional Sheltering Assistance (TSA) to victims of housing loss. However, the extent to which sheltering needs are met by TSA has not been investigated, especially among low-income households. Analyzing FEMA's administrative data including all damaged housing units in Harris and Galveston counties (N = 283,085), we found that low-income victims of housing loss not only had greater sheltering needs but also were less likely to access TSA than their counterparts not of low-income status. When both groups were in need of shelter, the chance of obtaining TSA for low-income victims of housing loss was much lower than that for their counterparts. Our study highlights the critical sheltering needs of low-income households in a natural disaster, and advocates for a broader and more equitable distribution of TSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature has widely explored the individual roles of housing and neighborhood quality, and there is limited research examining their interactive effects on mental health. This 3-year cohort study utilized a longitudinal design to investigate the individual and interactive effects of housing and neighborhood quality on mental health among 962 community-dwelling adults in Hong Kong. Participants were asked to rate their residential qualities over the 3-year period. Mental health outcomes, including levels of psychological distress and common mental disorders (CMD), were assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to examine the association between housing and neighborhood quality and CMD/psychological distress, adjusting for sociodemographic and residential characteristics and baseline mental disorders. Housing quality was associated with the 3-year CMD (adjusted OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). Likewise, neighborhood quality was associated with CMD over 3 years (adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96). In a separate model including both quality measures, the effect of housing quality on CMD was attenuated, whereas the neighborhood impact remained significant (adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98). Generalized linear models indicated that for participants residing in substandard housing, those with high neighborhood quality had lower CIS-R scores at follow-up compared to those with low neighborhood quality (p = 0.041). Better neighborhood quality alleviated the detrimental effects of poor housing quality on mental health. Planning for an enhanced neighborhood would improve population mental health in an urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate housing is a fundamental right and a social determinant of health. It also represents a historically contentious topic in Latin America. Migratory flows to Chile have become increasingly precarious in the past few years, limiting opportunities for adequate housing, with potential repercussions on the health of international migrants and the general population. This study aims to analyse adequate housing as a social determinant of health among international migrants and locals between 2013 and 2022 in Chile. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study based on repeated versions of the nationally representative Socioeconomic Characterization Survey in Chile. Adequate housing indicators adapted from the United Nations Housing Rights Programme guidelines were analyzed with relation to individual health, distinguishing between the local and international migrant populations. Logistic regression models were fitted for housing indicators with migration as the main independent variable and for short-term and long-term healthcare needs in locals and immigrants with housing as the main dependent variables. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables and considered the complex sample design. Results: Descriptive findings indicated higher availability of services and infrastructure among international migrants, and a disadvantage for habitability, location, and affordability by quintiles compared to locals. Logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic variables, revealed significant associations between migration status and overcrowding (OR 6.14, 2022), poor housing materiality (OR 5.65, 2022) and proximity to healthcare centres (OR 1.4, 2022) compared to locals. Experiencing hazardous situations consistently predicted short-term healthcare needs in both migrants (OR = 1.4, 2022) and locals (OR = 2.8, 2022). Overcrowding predicted both long and short-term healthcare needs among locals across the years and long term needs among migrants in 2013 and 2015. Conclusions: We found significant inequities in adequate housing between migrant populations and locals in Chile, and some inequities among both populations based on structural socioeconomic deprivation. Experiencing hazardous situations emerged as a social determinant of health among international migrants in 2022, potentially suggesting growing challenges related to social exclusion in urban areas. However, limitations such as exclusion criteria of the survey and sample sizes for data on the migrant population potentially suggest that housing challenges and their impact on health are underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe welfare state planning of the Nordic countries can be said to have been carried out as political acts of state care and concern of (some of) their citizens, to tackle poverty and poor housing conditions, and provide more equal living conditions for the whole population. The Million Programme Housing Project (MP) was an ambitious project carried out to combat housing shortage in Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s, which also resulted in traffic separation, car-free courtyards and housing blocks, and recreational green infrastructure. By analysing accounts of walking in 47 interviews around the everyday mobilities of 31 families living in three disadvantaged MP areas in three cities in Sweden, we suggest that the walking practices can be regarded as ‘caringscapes’. The narratives of the participants illuminate how walking is both self-care, other-care, and neighbourhood-care. Taken together, these different facets of ‘caringscapes’ of walking are further discussed in relation to walking as an enacted and practiced infrastructure of care. This conceptual framework of care captures the different experiential facets of walking and highlights the embodied, interdependent, and relational aspects of walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and its multiple lockdowns disrupted city life, while restrictions on physical distancing and urban activities highlighted the importance of our living environment and its links to our well-being. As part of the COVINFORM research project, this case study uses a micro-political lens to explore the specific spatial challenges which migrants faced in two of the more socially deprived neighbourhoods in Antwerp, Antwerpen-Noord and Borgerhout. This study aims to understand the specific spatial challenges migrants encountered during the pandemic and examine how they navigated and asserted agency within the confines of their living situation during this period. We combine participant observation with 25 semi-structured interviews with migrants living in two neighbourhoods in Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium), namely Borgerhout and Antwerpen-Noord. Findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced urban spatial disparities, where people's strategies of adaptation were suddenly disrupted. Lower-income migrants were particularly affected, living in crowded housing without access to private open space. Access to public and green spaces, as well as facilities and public transport links, became more important during the pandemic, especially for those in poorer housing conditions. Within this context of spatial inequalities, migrants deployed their agency through claiming access to the city, shifting dwelling practices, and leveraging neighbourhood and community networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septic arthritis is common in newborn calves due to poor birth and housing hygiene. This study investigated the pathological deformities caused by arthritis in the carpal bones of calves using geometric morphometry. The changes in the carpal joint bones of newborn calves with septic arthritis were examined through shape analysis. The study included 20 healthy Simmental calves and 30 Simmental calves with septic arthritis. Dorso‐palmar x‐ray images of the carpal joint were taken, and geometric morphometry was performed on these images using 25 landmarks. The first principal components (PC1) represented 26.92% of the total variation, while PC2 represented 13.84%. One of the most significant shape changes with increasing PC1 occurred in the os carpi intermedium. The study found that it was statistically possible to discriminate between radiometric carpal joint images of Simmental calves in the control and arthritis groups using geometric morphometry. In newborn calves with septic arthritis, the trochlea radi was located more proximally. There was an enlargement of the os carpi intermedium and a tendency towards the os carpi ulnare in female calves with septic arthritis. These results indicate significant bone deformation due to septic arthritis. Geometric morphometric methods can be clinically useful, as demonstrated in this study. Researchers can statistically explore these shape analyses, opening new avenues for research in this field. This method not only enhances our understanding of morphological changes but also provides a framework for clinical investigations and discoveries in related areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government's recent low-income housing scheme aims to tackle housing challenges faced by the urban floating population. A notable shift in this initiative is the focus on the job–housing balance. This study proposes that the spatial interaction between land designated for affordable rental housing and land for commercial facilities serves as a fundamental metric for evaluating this equilibrium, providing insights into the effectiveness of China's nascent affordable housing efforts. Drawing on post-2021 data, when China's revamped affordable housing policy took effect, our research examines the spatial distribution of affordable rental housing and commercial service land in Shanghai. By employing coupled coordination models and local entropy metrics, we delve into the supply equilibrium and pragmatic interrelation of these land types. Our findings reveal localized clustering in the spatial arrangement of rental and commercial land within Shanghai. Zones in the urban core exhibit a supply balance, while the peripheries display diminishing accessibility between these land types. Core urban areas have a lower supply balance but higher accessibility, whereas urban fringes face both low supply balance and low accessibility. These study outcomes have significant implications for strategic planning and the construction of affordable rental housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential satisfaction has been heavily discussed worldwide amid the increasing emphasis on the social dimension of sustainability. However, consensus has not been reached regarding its determinants, and little research has focused on the subsidized housing estates (SHEs) in post-reform China. Using data collected from field observations in Guangzhou, this study developed a conceptual framework on the basis of the ACSI and Campbell's models and employed structural equation modeling to investigate what and how factors pertaining to both the built and social environments influenced residential satisfaction of SHEs. Generally, SHE residents were moderately satisfied with their housing estates, although challenges persisted in estate management and security, suggesting that the performance of China's subsidized housing policies were acceptable. Echoing existing arguments, this empirical investigation revealed the substantial positive roles played by both the built and social environments in shaping residential satisfaction. Specifically, the livable built environment characterized by large housing size and well-equipped neighborhoods, coupled with the friendly social environment marked by intimate neighborly relationships and diverse community activities, correlated with an elevated level of residential satisfaction of SHEs. Importantly, residents' subjective perceptions of the built environment emerged as the most influential factor, which acted a significant mediating role, linking both objective attributes and individual expectations to residential satisfaction. This underscored the necessity of integrating public opinions into the planning process to meet SHE residents' actual desires. These findings not only extended the scholarly discourse on residential satisfaction, especially among disadvantaged groups in low-income housing estates, but also advanced urban sustainable development by providing references for enhancing SHE performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of different construction systems employed in a single-story low-income housing development utilizing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA was applied to the roof, wall, coating, and floor systems, considering the initial and recurring impacts from extraction to material replacement. Data were quantified using the CML 2001 method with OpenLCA 1.9 software. The analyzed impact categories are the potential for the depletion of abiotic resources—non-fossil (ADP); potential for the depletion of abiotic resources—fossil (ADP f); soil and water acidification potential (AP); eutrophication potential (EP); global warming potential—100 (GWP); stratospheric ozone layer depletion potential (ODP); and photochemical oxidation potential (POCP). The results highlight the impacts related to the maintenance and replacement of materials as the most significant, with walls being the system with the highest concentration of impacts, presenting the highest results among five of the seven categories. In the GWP category, the wall system resulted in 42% of total impacts (initial + recurring impacts). These findings show that the selection and definition of construction materials in the design phase can either mitigate or exacerbate environmental burdens. Therefore, this research contribution lies in pinpointing the environmental impacts of each construction system of low-income housing to support architects and engineers in addressing environmental impacts when making project decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The housing policies targeting low-income households have not been effective to address the housing needs of target groups in Iran over the past four decades. According to the World Bank's data on population living in slums (% of urban population) in Iran in 2018 was 25% which is slightly higher than the rate 23% of upper-middle-income countries. This study aims to understand what major revisions are required in the process of housing policymaking to have more effective policies. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conduct one-to-one interviews with 41 housing experts and apply discourse analysis and interpretive–structural modeling to achieve the goals. Findings: The panel of experts argue that the success of housing policies in Iran depends on the following: all academic disciplines should be included in the process of housing policymaking process; land policymaking should be modified; housing policy is a regional issue, and it should be designed and implemented differently in each province; main modifications are required in the tax and tenancy system; and new policies are required to push vacant houses into the rental market. Originality/value: This study is a prescriptive study based on a general trend (four decades). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsidized senior housing (SSH) is important to support healthy aging among vulnerable subgroups of older adults, yet progress in developing and expanding SSH has been limited. This scoping review had two research questions: (1) What are the trends in SSH empirical studies? (2) What are the main topics in the existing literature on SSH in the US? We reviewed a total of 61 articles and found several notable trends, including a focus on racial and ethnic minorities, cognitive impairment among SSH residents, and collaborative partnerships between housing operators and healthcare providers. More than half of the studies were quantitative, while the rest were qualitative or mixed-methods. The lack of longitudinal or causal design research reflects the limited empirical knowledge of SSH. Four themes emerged: health and well-being, healthcare use and health behaviors, social relations, and housing relocation. We discussed implications for future research and program development efforts in SSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the global discourse on the provision of low-income housing, there has been a growth in studies to assess the governance issues related to the sustainability of housing delivery. Despite housing policy and legislative frameworks existing in developing countries, several governance issues have limited the sustainability of housing delivery mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to unpack housing delivery approaches through the lens of governance. Adopting an exploratory approach, this study seeks to understand strategic and operational approaches used by government institutions to promote collaborative strategies in the planning and delivery of housing projects. Empirical data is used to understand mechanisms, processes and systems involved in the planning and delivery of low-income housing projects, using the Gauteng City Region as an area of study. The findings reveal there is that there is a limited understanding of the concept of governance within public sector institutions. Additionally, the institutional arrangements of the three spheres of government (national, provincial and local) have an impact in the delivery processes of low-income housing projects. A shift is important in the understanding and application of governance principles in housing policy and programme implementation to realise the value of governance. This study concludes with implications for policy and academics highlighting the role of stakeholder participation, transparency, and accountability.

Turkey, under the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), has launched large-scale national housing programmes in line with the emerging international trend in low-income housing provision. This paper analyses the place of the government's housing programmes in economic policy and in the international context to illustrate the overall picture of the Turkish housing policy in the AKP era. Housing programmes have enabled low and middle-income people to access homeownership. However, other areas of housing policy such as land provision, taxes, subsidies, or housing finance have ignored the housing needs of low-income households. The case of Turkey reveals that the area on which the government should focus for low-income housing provision is access to affordable finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As permanent supportive housing (PSH) is the main strategy promoted to reduce homelessness, understanding how PSH resident profiles may be differentiated is crucial to the optimization of PSH implementation – and a subject that hasn't been studied yet. This study identified PSH resident profiles based on their housing conditions and service use, associated with their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. In 2020–2021, 308 PSH residents from Quebec (Canada) were interviewed, with K-means cluster analysis produced to identify profiles and subsequent analyses to compare profiles and PSH resident characteristics. Of the three profiles identified, Profiles 1 and 2 (70% of sample) showed moderate or poor housing, neighborhood, and health conditions, and moderate or high unmet care needs and service use. Besides their "moderate" conditions, Profile 1 residents (52%) reported being in PSH for more than two years and being less educated. With the "worst" conditions and high service use, Profile 2 (18%) included younger individuals, while Profile 3 (30%) showed the "best" conditions and integrated individuals with more protective determinants (e.g., few in foster care, homelessness at older age, more self-esteem), with a majority living in single-site PSH and reporting higher satisfaction with support and community-based services. Profiles 1 and 2 may be provided with more psychosocial, crisis, harm reduction, and empowerment interventions, and peer helper support. Profile 2 may benefit from more intensive and integrated care, and better housing conditions. Continuous PSH may be sustained for Profile 3, with regular monitoring of service satisfaction and met needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children globally, mostly due to inadequate sanitary conditions and overcrowding. Poor housing quality and lack of tenure security that characterize informal settlements are key underlying contributors to these risk factors for childhood diarrhea deaths. The objective of this study is to better understand the physical attributes of informal settlement households in Latin American cities that are associated with childhood diarrhea. We used data from a household survey (Encuesta CAF) conducted by the Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), using responses from sampled individuals in eleven cities. We created a household deprivation score based on household water and sewage infrastructure, overcrowding, flooring and wall material, and security of tenure. We fitted a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to test the association between the deprivation score and its individual components and childhood diarrhea during the prior 2 weeks. We included a total of 4732 households with children, out of which 12.2% had diarrhea in the 2-week period prior to completing the survey. After adjusting for respondent age, gender, and city, we found a higher risk of diarrhea associated with higher household deprivation scores. Specifically, we found that the odds of diarrhea for children living in a mild and severe deprived household were 1.04 (95% CI 0.84–1.28) and 3.19 times (95% CI 1.80–5.63) higher, respectively, in comparison to households with no deprivation. These results highlight the connections between childhood health and deprived living conditions common in informal settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the differences in mental health service use, barriers, and service preferences among 393 low-income housing (LIH) and market-rate housing (MRH) Harlem residents in New York City. One-third (34.6%) endorsed the need for professional support for psychological issues, 27.2% and 15.8% reported using counseling services and psychotropic medication, with no differences between housing types. LIH residents (21.6–38.8%) reported significantly higher use of all types of mental health resources (e.g., websites, anonymous hotlines, self-help tools) compared with MRH residents (16.1–26.4%). Eighty-six percent reported barriers to mental health access, with LIH residents reporting more than double the barriers. Particularly, LIH residents reported greater difficulty getting time off work (34.1% vs. 14%), lack of health insurance (18.7% vs. 9.8%), lack of trust in mental health providers (14.6% vs. 4.7%), and stigma (12.2% vs. 5.1%) compared with MRH residents. Residents most preferred places of services were health clinics and houses of worship; provided by healthcare and mental health providers; and services delivered in-person and phone-based counseling. In contrast, residents least preferred getting support at mental health clinics; from family/friends; and by the Internet. No differences were found between service preferences by housing type. LIH residents reported higher use of mental health services and resources, but they face significantly more barriers to mental health care, suggesting a need to address specific barriers. Preferences for mental health services suggest a need for expanding mental health services to different settings given the low preference for services to be delivered at mental health clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 lockdowns have resulted in significant societal disruptions, intensifying family stress and escalating instances of intimate partner violence (IPV). Lockdowns necessitated prolonged proximity to abusers, magnifying home's significance as a space of victimization. The current study conducted in Korea (n = 813) examined the impact of housing density and room count on COVID‐19‐related IPV. Analyzing data from Seongnam City, Korea, the study examined a couple of pre‐/postpandemic, factors covariates like gender, age, employment, education, and income. Using STATA 13.0, the study conducted multiple logistic regression to examine the association between housing conditions and IPV during and prior to COVID‐19, with all covariates included. Housing density was associated with emotional IPV victimization before COVID‐19, while the number of rooms was associated with physical and sexual IPV victimization before COVID‐19 and sexual IPV victimization after COVID‐19. Time spent with partners was significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization, and the association between the number of rooms and sexual IPV victimization remained significant after adjusting for COVID‐19‐related variables. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed to address this issue and protect vulnerable populations from harm. Although poor housing conditions have been linked to increased stress levels and comprised mental health, scant attention has been paid to those relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livability is pivotal when planning human habitations. Sustainable planning strategies have been gradually adopted to enhance the livability of built environments, especially in the context of developing countries with a continuously improving planning system. Unlike other spontaneously developed low-income housing estates (e.g., urban villages) in China, subsidized housing estates (SHEs) are entirely planned and dictated by local governments and that may be significantly affected by urban planning policies and practices. However, the role of urban planning in achieving the livability of SHEs has yet to be fully investigated. By focusing on a pilot project of SHEs in Guangzhou, this study attempts to identify the extent and rationale of planning impacts on the livability of the SHEs. The study concludes that, although the updated planning policies and schemes encouraged public participation and livability, their achievements still hinged on the institutional environment in Socialist Marketized China. Consequently, the implementation of SHE plans encountered several challenges, resulting in insignificant improvements in livability from planning. This study provides an in-depth understanding of urban planning and its impacts on livability in the context of developing countries with a continuously developing planning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacitan Regency of Indonesia is located in an area of high seismic activities. Regrettably, field surveys held in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia have revealed the prevalence of low-income housing structures that do not meet the engineering standards and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. The seismic evaluation of these buildings is urgently required. This study proposes realistic damage state limit values for the seismic damage evaluation of non-engineered buildings. For this purpose, an incremental dynamic analysis was conducted on a sample of non-engineered buildings in Pacitan to evaluate their probable seismic damage. As a result, curves showing the dynamic pushover responses of buildings to various input earthquakes were plotted. These curves were then summarized as three-linear curves, providing a single value for the average response of the structure. Based on this simplified curve, a more realistic damage-state limit for non-engineered structures are proposed. The damage levels of slight (DS1), moderate (DS2), extensive (DS3), and complete (DS4) were determined using the drift ratio at the linear elastic limit, midway point between the linear elastic and yield limits, yield state, and 80% rupture limit, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to assess the associations of race/ethnicity and severe housing problems with COVID-19 death rates in the US throughout the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a negative binomial regression model to estimate factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in 3063 US counties between March 2020 and July 2021 by wave and pooled across all three waves. In Wave 1, counties with larger percentages of Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) residents experienced a greater risk of deaths per 100,000 residents of +22.82 (95% CI 15.09, 30.56), +7.50 (95% CI 1.74, 13.26), +13.52 (95% CI 8.07, 18.98), and +5.02 (95% CI 0.92, 9.12), respectively, relative to counties with larger White populations. By Wave 3, however, the mortality gap declined considerably in counties with large Black, AIAN and AAPI populations: +10.38 (95% CI 4.44, 16.32), +7.14 (95% CI 1.14, 13.15), and +3.72 (95% CI 0.81, 6.63), respectively. In contrast, the gap increased for counties with a large Hispanic population: +13 (95% CI 8.81, 17.20). Housing problems were an important predictor of COVID-19 deaths. However, while housing problems were associated with increased COVID-19 mortality in Wave 1, by Wave 3, they contributed to magnified mortality in counties with large racial/ethnic minority groups. Our study revealed that focusing on a wave-by-wave analysis is critical to better understand how the associations of race/ethnicity and housing conditions with deaths evolved throughout the first three COVID-19 waves in the US. COVID-19 mortality initially took hold in areas characterized by large racial/ethnic minority populations and poor housing conditions. Over time, as the virus spread to predominantly White counties, these disparities decreased substantially but remained sizable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Supreme Court declared "home equity theft" policies a Fifth Amendment taking in Tyler v. Hennepin County, a diverse coalition celebrated its holding. To the unsuspecting, the Tyler decision appears to be motivated by fairness in returning surplus equity to an elderly African-American tax-delinquent homeowner. But when low-income homeowners lose their greatest asset due to even minimal tax debt, returning a fraction of the value (the surplus) is hardly an adequate remedy. This Article refocuses attention away from the invalidation of "home equity theft" policies to larger inequities in the U.S. property tax system that have a disparate impact on communities of color--essentially robbing them of their greatest asset for even minimal tax debt. The nationwide trend of over-assessing property taxes in Black and Latinx communities and then adding exorbitant penalties and fees makes redemption out of reach for most low-income homeowners. This Article offers a step-by-step analysis of the three stages of tax delinquency: over-assessment in communities of color leading to tax default, tax lien sales, and tax foreclosures. As state and local governments have created the problem, they too must remedy it. It was a judicial overreach for the Tyler Court to strike a state's tax policy as a taking; this does more to further the "property rights" movement and limit the government's ability to tax than to promote "equity." The legislative reforms suggested in this Article would better enable homeowners to exercise their right of redemption to stay in their homes, obviating the need for the return of surplus. This should be the prime focus of future reform efforts, beyond complying with the new Tyler standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the group-based nature of financial vulnerability in the low-income environment. Adopting a highly flexible stochastic dissemination model, we assess the impact of insurance on the resilience of a low-income group to wealth shocks. For this purpose, the transient wealth of a group of interacting uninsured and insured agents is considered. The model is extended to capture four types of transaction events: external arrivals, internal redistributions, wealth losses and premium payments. Risk-sharing mechanisms, mitigating the impact of financial losses that are otherwise uninsured, are widespread in low-income communities. Our modelling of redistribution events captures the wealth transactions associated with these mechanisms, alongside the purchase of commodities and services from within the group. Through this set-up, we present a method for incorporating the high level of wealth interaction characteristic of the low-income setting in the assessment of the effectiveness of insurance. The model is underlined by an exogenously evolving Markov background process that represents the state of the economy. To analyse the distribution of wealth jointly with the state of the background process, a system of coupled differential equations for the joint transient distribution of agent wealth is derived, and is reduced to a linear system of differential equations through consideration of the moments of agent wealth. Sensitivity analysis is performed to establish the impact of the system's structure and stochastic dynamics on the wealth of the group. The probability of falling below the poverty line is then determined through application of a normal approximation and the impact of insurance in reducing this probability considered under varying levels of subsidisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program is the largest housing production subsidy in the U.S. Two types of credit, known as the 9% credit and the 4% credit, are subject to different allocation criteria. The 4% program has been flying under the radar of policymakers, housing advocates, and researchers since its inception. Whereas newly constructed 9% units are increasingly sited in lower poverty neighborhoods, 4% investment is made in high-poverty and low-opportunity neighborhoods. This paper reveals that states have not actively influenced the locational outcomes of 4% projects credit until recently. Policy levers have a more substantial impact on the outcomes of the 9% program. However, the results indicate that increased competition and strong policy levers have enabled some states to influence the siting outcomes of 4% projects. As states have significant power over tax credit allocations and additional financing required to enable the 4% credit, they could consider explicitly using this credit to further fair housing goals and help low-income households reach opportunities. However, careful consideration is needed to balance these goals with neighborhood revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Holistic housing renovations combine physical housing improvements with social and socioeconomic interventions (e.g. referral to social services, debt counselling, involvement in decision-making, promoting social cohesion). In a deprived neighbourhood in Utrecht, the Netherlands, this paper examined residents' and professionals' experiences, ideas, and perceptions regarding holistic housing renovation, its health effects, and underlying mechanisms explaining those effects. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 social housing residents exposed to holistic housing renovation, and 12 professionals involved in either the physical renovation or social interventions implemented. Residents were interviewed in various renovation stages (before, during, after renovation). Transcripts were deductively and inductively coded using qualitative software. Results: Residents experienced and professionals acknowledged renovation stress caused by nuisance from construction work (noise, dust), having to move stuff around, and temporary moving; lack of information and control; and perceived violation of privacy. Involvement in design choices was appreciated, and mental health improvement was expected on the long term due to improved housing quality and visual amenity benefits. Social contact between residents increased as the renovation became topic for small talk. Few comments were made regarding physical health effects. The interviews revealed a certain amount of distrust in and dissatisfaction with the housing corporation, construction company, and other authorities. Conclusions: Renovation stress, aggravated by lack of information and poor accessibility of housing corporation and construction company, negatively affects mental health and sense of control. Potential stress relievers are practical help with packing and moving furniture, and increased predictability by good and targeted communication. Social interventions can best be offered after renovation, when residents live in their renovated apartment and the nuisance and stress from the renovation is behind them. Social partners can use the period leading up to the renovation to show their faces, offer practical help to reduce renovation stress, and increase residents' trust in their organization and authorities in general. This might also contribute to residents' willingness to accept help with problems in the social domain after renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Poor sanitary conditions (SC) in modern swine production can be associated with a variety of factors, including but not limited to: poor biosecurity protocol and management, erratic production logistics/workflow, ineffective cleaning and disinfection protocols, endemic respiratory and enteric diseases, and nutritional program inadequacy for the genotype × environmental interactions present in any given production system. Since nutrition is a large contributor to pig production cost and profitability, and it directly alters pig health individually and at the herd level, it has the potential to alter pig performance under poor sanitary conditions. Threonine, methionine, and tryptophan surplus supplementation did not affect performance nor immune or fecal microbiome parameters on high-sanitary-status pigs housed under good SC. However, our study supports that hypothesis by demonstrating that functional amino acids surplus supplementation improved the performance of piglets housed in a nursery mimicking a poor sanitary condition. Overall, an increased supply of key amino acids can be a viable nutritional strategy for commercial swine production, which is often under immune challenge conditions. A sanitary challenge was carried out to induce suboptimal herd health while investigating the effect of amino acids supplementation on piglet responses. Weaned piglets of high sanitary status (6.33 ± 0.91 kg of BW) were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement into two similar facilities with contrasting sanitary conditions and two different diets. Our results suggest that increased Trp, Thr, and Met dietary supplementation could support the immune systems of piglets under a sanitary challenge. In this manner, AA+ supplementation improved the performance and metabolism of piglets under mixed management and poor sanitary conditions. No major temporal microbiome changes were associated with differences in performance regardless of sanitary conditions or diets. Since piglets often become mixed in multiple-site production systems and facility hygiene is also often neglected, this study suggests that increased Trp, Thr, and Met (AA+) dietary supplementation could contribute to mitigating the side effects of these harmful risk factors in modern pig farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the amount of low-cost housing backlog (MBR) in the city of Palembang in 2025; calculate the number of uninhabitable houses as an addition to the housing backlog figure; calculate the land requirement for MBR housing in meeting the backlog in the city of Palembang; analyze the zoning for the placement of MBR housing with spatial patterns and spatial structures in the city of Palembang. This research uses a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. The study was conducted in the city of Palembang, which is the seventh city with the highest housing backlog in Indonesia, with a backlog figure reaching 122,932 houses. Data collection was done through face-toface interviews by asking questions to the chairman of the South Sumatra Real Estate Association, the Palembang City Perkim Department, about housing backlog in Palembang. Data analysis used the Cambridge method, Sustainable Development Goals method, Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No.995/KPTS/M/2021 method, & Regional Regulation No.05 of 2022 method. The latest backlog figure recorded in 2018 was 122,932 dwellings (Palembang City Perkim Department, 2021). Uninhabitable houses (RTLH) in Palembang in 2019 experienced a decrease and continued to increase in 2020. The effective land requirement for MBR housing and Fasum Fasos with a ratio of 60:40 is calculated, followed by data on built houses according to REI data in Palembang. The zoning for the placement of MBR housing land in Palembang, which reached 4,987.62 ha in 2025, must consider the spatial patterns and spatial structures of Palembang City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection of community participation and livelihoods for the urban poor who move into formalised, low-income housing is the focus of this paper. Drawing on case studies from the Philippines and Kenya, and working with Real Equity for All (Reall) and their partners, we critically examine the dynamic changes to communities moving into new housing funded through the Community-Led Infrastructure Financing Facility (CLIFF) programme of affordable homebuilding. The two contexts contrast different levels of community involvement, savings practices and scales of housing construction. We explore how at-scale construction of low-income housing may mean communities feel more disengaged, whilst noting the challenges of fuller participation. We find that moves to both in situ housing and peri-urban relocation sites have mixed and complex impacts on livelihoods, although livelihood changes are balanced by beneficiaries against quality of life. Construction itself generates work, but direct and indirect community benefits are not straightforward. Our findings fill an important gap in research evidence, addressing how communities and livelihoods change as low-income home builders seek to achieve scale, and how notions of community are generated and reconstituted through savings and homebuilding processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1968 Fair Housing Act required local government recipients of federal money to take meaningful actions to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH). Current fair housing analysis requirements are copious but do not request an assessment of how land use policies affect the potential for neighborhood integration. A recent California law requires local governments to include AFFH analysis in existing planning processes, and state guidelines encourage the measurement of the spatial distribution of planned sites for low-income housing with respect to opportunity. We propose and evaluate a fair housing land use score (FHLUS) that measures whether local governments' land use policies promote inclusion across neighborhoods. We illustrate the FHLUS by examining zoning and housing plans for three municipalities in California that differ in terms of neighborhood variation in incomes. In all three cases, we found that municipal zoning and housing plans exacerbated patterns of segregation rather than reversed them. Our metric is more precise than existing approaches, but all measures of this phenomenon will be less useful in smaller, more homogenous jurisdictions. The analysis raises important questions about the geographic scale and outcome measures for AFFH analysis and expectations for municipalities of different sizes and levels of diversity. Our metric is a useful tool for advocates and planners at all levels of government. We recommend the federal government consider incorporating it into the AFFH toolkit and practicing planners employ the measure to analyze local zoning and investment decisions. The Technical Appendix is a step-by-step guide, including an Excel formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: People living in subsidised low-income housing are more likely to smoke and experience secondhand smoke exposure compared to the general population. While tobacco control interventions have yielded substantial population health benefits, people living in subsidised housing experience a greater burden of tobacco-related harms. We synthesised existing peer-reviewed and grey literature to determine tobacco control interventions that have been implemented in subsidised housing globally, and to understand their impact on smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Methods: We searched five databases for peer-reviewed research, and Google Advanced for grey literature. We adhered to the JBI Scoping Review Methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Results: Fifty-seven sources met the eligibility criteria. The most common type of intervention was mandatory smoking bans covering all indoor spaces (n = 32), followed by cessation-focused interventions (n = 19). Interventions that indirectly addressed smoking were the least common (n = 6). Our findings suggest smoking bans can increase smoking cessation and reduce secondhand smoke exposure, especially if implemented alongside cessation support strategies. Conclusion: Tobacco control interventions targeting subsidised housing demonstrate positive effects on tobacco-related outcomes for residents and provide an important opportunity to address health disparities. Future research should examine the long-term impacts of the interventions, including potential unintended consequences, in varied subsidised housing contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, providing housing for the low-income groups of society is a concern for governments, especially in developing nations. An attempt has been made to recognize the most significant real criteria for reducing housing project costs and providing affordable housing for them by studying previous research and analyzing the collected information. First, the resources compiled in the field of affordable housing were reviewed, and data were gathered. Next, qualitative and quantitative questionnaires were provided, and the experts' answers were analyzed in three steps (Delphi technique, AHP techniques, and case studies). By analyzing the findings, it was concluded that the current approaches in housing planning need to be revised to achieve the government's goals and policies. Therefore, the physical indicators and patterns of vernacular and traditional houses in different climatic regions should be known and changed in the next step according to the needs of the modern world. The adaptation of today's architecture from the vernacular architectural features of the past is one of the important things that should be considered. In this research, the consideration of housing preparation for low-income groups and reducing housing project costs, by identifying the most important effective criteria mentioned in other previous studies, is the novel contribution of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the efficiency of windows is important for improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The Korean government has performed numerous building renovation projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate energy poverty. To reduce the costs and manpower requirements of conventional field surveys, this study presents a deep-learning model to examine the insulation performance of windows using photographs taken in low-income housing. A smartphone application using crowdsourcing was developed for data collection. The insulation performance of windows was determined based on U-value, derived considering the frame-material type, number of panes, and area of windows. An image-labeling tool was designed to identify and annotate window components within photographs. Furthermore, software utilizing open-source computer vision was developed to estimate the window area. After training on a dataset with ResNet and EfficientNet, an accuracy of approximately 80% was achieved. Thus, this study introduces a novel workflow to evaluate the insulation performance of windows, which can support the energy-efficient renovation of low-income housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most prominent topics in scholarship on touristification and gentrification is displacement, including not only direct physical displacement, but also the emotional and social impacts associated with indirect displacement. Although research on touristification and gentrification has begun to examine the experiences and perceptions of residents undergoing displacement in low-income urban neighborhoods, it has paid less attention to the spatial characteristics of indirect displacement and the distinctive characteristics of displacement associated specifically with tourism. In Gamcheon Culture Village (GCV) in Busan, South Korea, touristification and commercial gentrification have generated limited direct physical displacement of residents and business owners spatially concentrated in areas adjacent to the main tourist thoroughfare. However, indirect displacement in the sense of displacement pressure and un-homing has a more widespread and complex presence within the community, depending in part on residents' proximity to tourist activity. In addition, tourism-induced displacement can create dimensions of un-homing less common in typical gentrifying neighborhoods. Our findings suggest a need both for more comparative empirical research on indirect displacement and for urban policies attentive to un-homing associated with touristification and gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results from a randomized field experiment in Da Nang in Central Vietnam. We assess the take-up and impacts of a microcredit program that aims to increase the adoption of climate resilient housing among low-income urban households. Households were randomly assigned offers of either a loan and technical assistance package or a cash transfer with a smaller loan and technical assistance. We find large and significant impacts on the resilience of the new or retrofitted houses due to being offered the more generous incentive package. Households that were offered the cash transfer and a smaller loan, are three times as likely to accept. The difference in uptake, and therefore impact, of the two packages shows that there is a need for a subsidy in addition to the technical assistance in order to reach near-poor households. Previous public spending on typhoon relief indicates that such a subsidy could be covered by re-allocating funds from typhoon repairs to damage prevention through resilient housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many low-income households in the United States miss out on social safety net benefits because of the information, compliance, and psychological costs associated with take-up of government assistance. Yet, the empirical evidence on the impact of learning and psychological costs on take-up, and how to reduce them, is mixed. Leaning on an administrative burden framework, this article measures the role of reducing learning costs and stigma on demand for rental assistance in two field experiments (N = 117,073) conducted in two US cities. We find that providing information about emergency rental assistance increased program application requests by 52% compared to a no-communication control group. Moreover, subtle framing changes aimed at destigmatizing rental assistance increased engagement with the communication by 36% and increased application requests by about 18% relative to an information only group, with potentially larger effects for renters of color. In two subsequent online experiments (N = 1,258), we document that the destigmatizing framing reduces internalized stigma, without affecting perceptions of the program itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of low-income assistance and electrification programs on a disadvantaged community in Southern California. An urban building energy model is paired with an AC power flow and electric distribution system degradation model to evaluate how the cost of energy, carbon emissions, and pollutant emissions change after applying building weatherization, energy efficiency, and electrification measures to the community. Results show that traditional weatherization and energy efficiency measures (upgrading lighting and appliances, improving insulation to current building code standards) are the most cost-effective, reducing the cost of energy and carbon emissions by 10–20 % for the current community. Heat pump water heaters offer a 40 % average reduction in carbon emissions and almost 50 % decrease in criteria pollutant emissions, but at a cost increase of 17–22 %. Appliance electrification also reduces carbon emissions 5–10 % but increases cost by 7 % to 25 %. For reducing carbon, government programs that support building electrification are most cost-effective when they combine switching from natural gas to electricity with high efficiency system. Electrifying hot water and appliances effectively reduces emissions but must be paired with improved low-income assistance programs to prevent increased energy burden for low-income families. The urban building energy model and electrical distribution simulations used in this study can be replicated in other low-income communities.