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Background Stroke results in functional dependence and poor quality of life. Body cathexis is a measure of one’s perceived body image. Stroke survivors often experience stress, anxiety, and disturbances in body image. Objectives The objective of the study was to explore the body cathexis of stroke survivors. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted at two rural community settings of Kozhikode district, Kerala. Using a purposive sampling, 151 stroke survivors were recruited. Results The mean age of the participants was 64.58 years. About 53.6% participants were males and majority of the participants had ischemic stroke (76.2%). About one-third of participants had moderately severe disability. Among the participants, the body cathexis scale (BCS) ranged from 176 to 202. The overall mean (standard deviation) BCS score was 190.09 (5.04). Satisfaction or dissatisfaction toward each body part was analyzed and found that significant areas of dissatisfaction were energy level (98%), wrist (88.1%), elimination (86.1%), fingers (76.2%), and arms (73.5%). The BCS scores compared with the sides of lesion, gender differences, and duration of stroke showed no significant differences in the mean (p>0.05). Conclusions Stroke survivors are found to experience disturbances in body image. Low energy level, poor functioning of upper extremities, and disturbed elimination patterns add primarily to body image disturbances. Body cathexis does not differ with side of lesion, gender differences, and duration of stroke.

Passive bistatic radar detects targets by exploiting available local broadcasters and communication transmissions as illuminators, which are not designed for radar. The signal usually contains a time-varying structure, which may result in high-level range ambiguity sidelobes. Because the mismatched filter is effective in suppressing sidelobes, it can be used in a passive bistatic radar. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio in the reference signal, the sidelobe suppression performance seriously degrades in a passive bistatic radar system. To solve this problem, a novel mismatched filtering algorithm is developed using worst-case performance optimization. In this algorithm, the influence of the low energy level in the reference signal is taken into consideration, and a new cost function is built based on worst-case performance optimization. With this optimization, the mismatched filter weights can be obtained by minimizing the total energy of the ambiguity range sidelobes. Quantitative evaluations and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can realize sidelobe suppression when there is a low-energy reference signal. Its effectiveness is proved using real data.

espanolEste trabajo de investigacion tiene como objetivoprincipal mejorar el estilo de vida de las personas,especialmente de quienes tienen algun tipo dediscapacidad fisica, y por tal razon se les hace muycomplicado realizar actividades de limpieza. Paracumplir con este objetivo, se ha creado el prototipo deuna aspiradora robotica autonoma llamada YOLIMPIO,para realizar proceso de limpieza a baja escala en loshogares y oficinas. Para este proposito, se utilizaronhardware y software de inteligencia artificial, manejadosen robotica. En cuanto a hardware, para el mecanismode movimiento se utilizo placas electronicas Arduino,sensores de movimiento, camaras y demas dispositivosde bajo costo. En cuanto al software, se utilizo el queviene embebido en las placas Arduino, por medio delcual se configuraron y programaron cada uno de loscomponentes electronicos. Para la etapa de prueba yerror, se utilizo el simulador PROTEUS. Ya en la etapade prueba se constata que la aspiradora por medio desensores, puede detectar y absorber los desperdiciosesparcidos en el piso, puede detectar si esta proximaa un obstaculo o proxima a un final de pista o pisofirme, si ya no hay basura para recoger, si esta con bajonivel de energia se dirigira a la fuente de energia pararecargarse las veces que sea necesario. En conclusion,se puede afirmar que con software libre y hardware debajo costo, disponible en el mercado, se puede construirun robot de servicio de alta tecnologia y de alto impactosocial. EnglishThis research work has as main objective to improvethe lifestyle of people, especially those who havesome type of physical disability, and for that reasonit is very complicated to carry out cleaning activities.To achieve this goal, the prototype of a self-containedrobotic vacuum called YOLIMPIO has been created toperform a small-scale cleaning process in homes andoffices. For this purpose, artificial intelligence hardwareand software, used in robotics, were used. In terms ofhardware, Arduino electronic boards, motion sensors,cameras and other low-cost devices were used for themovement mechanism. As for the software, the onethat was embedded in the Arduino boards was used,by means of which each of the electronic componentswas configured and programmed. For the trial and errorstage, the PROTEUS simulator was used. Already in thetest stage it is verified that the vacuum cleaner by meansof sensors, can detect and absorb the waste scattered onthe floor, can detect if it is close to an obstacle or next toan end of the track or firm floor, if there is no more trashto pick up, if it is with low energy level it will go to thepower source to recharge as many times as necessary.In conclusion, it can be affirmed that with free softwareand low cost hardware, available in the market, a hightechservice robot with a high social impact can be built.

Neben den Krankheiten Anorexia nervosa, Bulimie nervosa und Binge-Eating-Disorder existiert noch eine andere immer häufiger auftretende Essstörung, die vor allem durch übermäßigen Sport ausgelöst wird: Anorexia athletica. Anorexia athletica, oder auch athletische Nervosa genannt, tritt besonders häufig bei AthletInnen auf, die einen Leistungssport ausüben, bei dem viel Wert auf einen schlanken Körper gelegt wird, wie z.B. Skispringen, Radfahren, Klettern und Langstreckenlauf (Reel, 2013, S.25).Wenn auch Anorexia athletica bis dato noch nicht laut ICD 10 und 11 (International Code of Deseases) als eigene Krankheit aufgelistet sei, besteht für Betroffene ein großes Risiko, ausgehend von Anorexia athletica an einer Vollform der Anorexia nervosa zu erkranken. Ein typisches Merkmal für SportlerInnen mit Anorexia athletica ist die starke Verminderung des eigenen Körpergewichts durch eine zu geringe Kalorienzufuhr bei zusätzlich hoher sportlicher Belastung. Wesentlich ist, dass im Gegensatz zur Magersucht, eine Körperschemastörung keine Begleiterscheinung ist. Die Dauer der Erkrankung beschränkt sich im Normalfall auf den Zeitraum, in dem der übermäßige Sport betrieben wird. Das verminderte Essverhalten dient lediglich dazu, eine bestimmte Leistungsfähigkeit zu erzielen und nicht dazu, so dünn wie möglich zu sein. Die erreichte Leistungsfähigkeit und der damit verbundene Erfolg führt zu einer konstanten Aufrechterhaltung des gestörten Essverhaltens. Wenn die Komponenten sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Körpergewicht nicht zueinander in Relation gesetzt werden, kann es dazu kommen, dass sowohl die gewünschte Leistung nicht mehr erbracht werden kann, als auch, dass negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit entstehen (Hoffmann, 2009, S. 6). Ein zu gering gewählter Kalorienwert kann zu einer hormonellen Regulationsstörung und folglich zum Ausbilden einer sekundären Amenorrhö, sowie einer Osteopenie/Osteoperose führen (Friedmann-Bette, 2012, S.7). Neben Auswirkungen wie die Störung des Energiestoffwechsels, hormonelles Ungleichgewicht und Mangel an Mineralien und Vitaminen, spielen auch psychische Störungen als Nebenerscheinung für Betroffene eine wichtige Rolle (Hoffmann, 2009, S. 1). In addition to anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, there is another increasingly common eating disorder that is triggered primarily by excessive exercise: anorexia athletica. Anorexia athletica, or athletic nervosa, is especially common in athletes who participate in competitive sports that place a lot of emphasis on a lean body, such as ski jumping, cycling, rock climbing, and long-distance running (Reel, 2013, p. 25).Even if anorexia athletica has not yet been listed as a separate disease according to ICD 10 and 11 (International Code of Diseases), there is a high risk of progressing from anorexia athletica to a full-blown form of Anorexia nervosa. A typical characteristic for athletes with anorexia athletica is the strong reduction of their own body weight due to a too low calorie intake, with an additional high athletic load. It is essential that, in contrast to anorexia, a body schema disorder is not an accompanying symptom. The duration of the disease is normally limited to the period in which people practice the excessive sport. The reduced eating behaviour serves only to tell a certain performance and not to be as thin as possible. The achieved performance and the associated success leads to a constant maintenance of the disturbed eating behaviour. If the components of athletic performance and body weight are not put into relation, it can come to the fact that the desired performance can no longer be achieved and that negative effects on health arise (Hoffmann, 2009, p. 6). A calorie value that is too low can lead to a hormonal regulation disorder and consequently to the development of secondary amenorrhea and osteopenia/osteoperosis. (Friedmann-Bette, 2012, p. 7). In addition to effects such as the disturbance of energy metabolism, hormonal imbalance and deficiency of minerals and vitamins, psychological side effects also play an important role (Hoffmann, 2009, p. 1). eingereicht von: Lisa Marie Michitsch Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Bachelorarbeit FH JOANNEUM 2022

In this paper we consider the semilinear wave equation with logarithmic nonlinearity. By modifying and using potential well combined with logarithmic Sobolev inequality, we derive the global existence and infinite time blow up of the solution at low energy level E ( 0 ) d . Then these results are extended in parallel to the critical case E ( 0 ) = d . Besides, with additional assumptions on initial data, the infinite time blow up result is given with arbitrary positive initial energy E ( 0 ) > 0 .

The COVID-19 pandemic and the enforced restrictions have harshly affected educational sectors in 161 countries around the world. With more than 1.6 billion students away from normal school life, the crisis threatens the teaching and learning processes and the students’ emotional health. Herein, we present the result of a careful assessment of the feelings of over 13,000 students at high school, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels across 36 campuses over 8 subsequent weeks from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate a general low energy level and dominance of negative feelings among the students regardless of their academic levels. We have recorded 5 responses (being anxious, stressed, overwhelmed, tired, and depressed) as the most frequently reported feelings in the time of lockdown. Overall, 14% of those who have reported to suffer from these feelings have also identified a need for professional help in managing their feelings throughout the quarantine period. The current study also presents several strategies to combat the undesirable consequences of COVID-19 pandemic., COVID-19 pandemic; Educational Innovation; Educational policy; Public mental health; Students’ feelings.

Taking afternoon naps is common among elderly people, but the information about napping from qualitative viewpoints is limited. This study aimed to describe napping experience from the perspectives of Chinese elderly, specifically on nap taking correlates and its influences on nocturnal sleep. Data were gathered via individual in-depth interviews with 50 Chinese elderly in Taiwan. The majority of the nappers napped for 1-2 hours between 12 PM and 1 PM. Nap promoting factors included "belief in afternoon nap taking benefits," "nothing to do," "low energy level," "compensation -for disturbed sleep" and "extreme weather." Nap taking (1 hr.) was found to be associated with delay of the onset of sleep, reduction of sleep duration, and light sleep. Short afternoon napping (1 hour) is recommended for the elderly. Future research should determine the direction of the causative association between afternoon nap-taking and nocturnal sleep.

In this paper, we study a nonlocal parabolic equation with singular potential on a bounded smooth domain with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Firstly, we find a threshold of global existence and blow-up to the solutions of the problem when the initial data is at the low energy level, i.e., J ( u 0 ) ≤ d , where J ( u 0 ) is the initial energy and d is the mountain-pass level. Moreover, when J ( u 0 ) d , the vacuum isolating behavior of the solutions is also discussed. Secondly, we prove that there exist solutions of the problem with arbitrary initial energy that blow up in finite time. We also obtain the upper bounds of the blow-up time for blow-up solutions.

This paper quantifies the K 1 internal tide simulated by the 1/10° STORMTIDE model, which simultaneously resolves the eddying general circulation and tides. An evident feature of the K 1 internal tide is the critical latitude φ c at 30°, which in the STORMTIDE model is characterized by variations from a high energy level equatorward of 30° to a low energy level poleward of 30°. This critical latitude separates the internal tide dynamics into bottom-trapped (at latitudes |φ| > |φ c |) and freely propagating (at |φ| c |) motions, respectively. Both types of motions are examined. The bottom-trapping process reveals a gradual vertical decrease of wave energy away from the bottom. The vertical scale, over which the wave energy decrease occurs, is smaller in shallow than in deep water regions. For the freely propagating K 1 internal tides, the STORMTIDE model is able to simulate the first three low modes, with the wavelengths ranging from 200–400 km, 100–200 km, to 60–120 km. These wavelength distributions reveal not only a zonal asymmetry but also a poleward increase up to φ c , in particular in the Pacific. Such distributions indicate the impact of stratification N and the Coriolis frequency f on the wavelengths. The large wavelength gradient near φ c is caused by the wavelength increase from finite values at subcritical latitudes to infinity at φ c . Compared to the M 2 internal tide, the lower K 1 tidal frequency leads to a stronger role of f , hence a weaker effect of N , for the K 1 internal tide.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of a thermotolerant xylanase on male broiler performance and dietary ileal digestible energy (IDE). The first experiment consisted of 3 treatment groups with 12 replications per treatment each containing 35 Cobb 500 males for a total of 1,260 broilers placed in floor pens for a 42 d grow-out. The experiment treatments included a corn/soy diet with DDGS control formulated at a low energy level, and the control supplemented with one of 2 concentrations of xylanase (20,000 XU/kg [XYL20] and 40,000 XU/kg [XYL40]). No significant differences in body weight were observed with the inclusion of xylanase when compared to the control diet throughout the experiment. At d 28, the inclusion of XYL20 improved (P

Hemocyte parameters have been used as a proxy to characterize the health condition of marine bivalves, as the effects of external and internal stresses are reflected well in these parameters. Marine bivalve hemocyte functions are often depressed during the post-spawning period due to physiological stress and energy depletion. In this study, we analyzed temporal changes in hemocyte parameters of the oyster Saccostrea kegaki on Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea, using flow cytometry. Total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyte types, hemocyte mortality, and phagocytosis capacity were analyzed. S. kegaki spawned during June and August, when the sea surface temperature increased from 18 to 23 °C. Most of the oysters were in the spent and resting phases from September to January. THC dropped dramatically from September to October, when most oysters completed spawning. Histology revealed that the residual eggs or sperm were actively resorbed through phagocytosis by hemocytes during the spent stage. Hemocyte mortality also showed its annual peak in October, possibly due to increased resorbing activities. The phagocytosis capacities of the granulocytes decreased dramatically from September to February. The level of energy reserves (glycogen) in post-spawning tissues was significantly lower than that prior to spawning. The low energy level reserve during the post-spawning period likely reduced the THC and immune capacities, as oysters may have been unable to acquire sufficient food from the ambient environment.

In variety of skeleton structures of delayed fluorescence molecular materials, the D-A-A type has been widely concerned recently for its improved double efficiency of reverse intersystem crossing process (RISC). Based on the D-A-A structure, eight new D-TRZ-nPO molecules (D = dihydrophenazine (DHPZ), phenothiazine (PTZ), phenoxazine (PXZ) and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridan (DMAC), TRZ = triphenyltriazine, n = 1 or 2) with potential performance improvement have been deeply investigated by theoretical calculations. Interestingly, these molecules with the closing energy levels of high-lying excited states and charge transfer characters may perform rare high-lying excited state delayed fluorescence. Meanwhile, the changes of RISC and the corresponding effects caused by D-A-A structure from low energy level to high energy level are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, DHPZ-TRZ-2PO with blue emission (452 nm) is expected to be a potential high-lying excited state delayed fluorescence material candidate.

Introduction: Most of the patients feel pain 4 hours after the arch applying, gaining the highest level after 24 hours and its lowering in the next few days. Literature reports show that the fear of pain is a very important reason for discouraging the patient to agree for this kind of orthodontic treatment The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the biostimulative laser treatment in pain reduction in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and methods. Fifteen patients were treated with low energy level biostimulative diode laser, used 2 minutes per quadrant immediately after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances and in the following four days. The control group of 15 patients received analgesic therapy for period of five days. The pain was assessed subjectively as strong, medium or no pain. The pain disappeared in 20% of the subjects in the examined group after the first day, while in 60% and 26.6% of the subjects medium and isolated pain was still present at day 2 and 3, respectively. Results. The pain disappeared in all the patients treated with laser at day 5. In the control group, strong pain was present in all the subjects the first day, decreasing to 60% of strong pain and 20% medium pain the second day. After day three, the control group demonstrated medium localized pain in 40% of the cases, which dropped to 26.6% after the fourth day, suggesting delayed pain reduction, compared to the laser treated group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the low energy laser treatment can successfully be used for pain reduction during the initial discomfort period after placing fixed orthodontic appliances.

This study evaluated the growth performance and gene expression associated with lipid metabolism of liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue in yaks that were fed with three different energy diets i.e., low energy level (LE: 5.50 MJ/kg), medium energy level (ME: 6.20 MJ/kg) and high energy level (HE: 6.90 MJ/kg). Fifteen castrated adult yaks (initial BW 274 ± 3.14 kg) were used in a completely randomized design, underwent a 14-d adaptation period and the experiment was conducted for 60 d. The final BW, ADG, feed efficiency, carcass weight, dressing percentage and average backfat thickness were significantly higher (P

Ultra wide band is a radio technology offers very low energy level for short range with very high bandwidth. Impulse Radiating Antennas (IRA) are special class of antennas suited for radiating very fast pulses in a narrow beam. A fast-rising step-like signal fed into the antenna produces an approximate delta-function response in the far field. In the present paper an Insitu measurements of a UWB system with Half Impulse Radiating Antenna (HIRA) installed SAMEER CE3 was presented. The Installed UWB antenna structure and its radiation patterns are simulated using CST 3D EM simulation tool to study & analyze the distribution of EM far fields, radiation pattern and surface currents distribution. The simulation results are verified with practical measurements, and both are in close agreement. This system can be utilized for in situ transient EMP pre-compliance testing to evaluate the equipment against EMP events.

An experiment was conducted to determine and compare the differences in productive and physiological performance of broiler chicks fed three different dietary energy levels under two housing systems on floor pens and in cages. The model trial was conducted with 180 Hubbard broiler chicks from 0 to 5 weeks of age, chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with 3(E) X 2 (R) factorial arrangement 3(E) ME levels: low, medium and high and 2(R) housing systems (floor pens and cages), resulting in a total of 6 treatments with 3 replicates of 10 chicks each.The results indicated that:- Productive performance of broiler chicks: live body weight (LBW), daily weight gain (DWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), performance index (PI) and production efficiency factor (PEF) were not affected by the (E) interaction between three energy levels and two housing systems, (E) energy levels and (R) housing system at whole experimental period.- Blood plasma parameters were not affected by E interaction between energy levels and housing system except plasma albumin. Floor pens that raised broiler chicks had significantly (P≤0.05) lower plasma albumin than that those of the cage reared ones, being (2.01 vs. 3.03 g/dl).- Carcass traits and relative weight of lymphoid organs were not affected by R * E interaction, except dressing to cook percentages.- Feeding economical efficiency showed that, floor pens that raised broiler chicks had higher mean (REE) than those of the cages reared ones and REE was improved for broiler chicks only by feeding high energy level (floor pens) or low energy level (cages).

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of various types of lasers (neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Nd:YAG], carbon dioxide [CO2], diode, erbium/chromium-doped yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet [Er,Cr:YSGG], and erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Er:YAG]) in the treatment of peri-implantitis and their use in surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Materials and Methods: Human studies for the treatment of peri-implantitis with laser therapy, published between 2002 and January 2014, were collected utilizing the electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers conducted the study selection, data collection, and validity assessment. Results: Eight hundred twelve studies were selected in the initial title search; 13 studies were then chosen for this review. No human studies evaluated the effect of the Nd:YAG laser on peri-implantitis. The CO2 laser is reported to be safe and able to enhance bone regeneration. The diode laser (980 nm) seems to be effective in its bactericidal effect without changing the implant surface pattern. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser was reported to obtain bone regeneration around a failing implant in one case, while the Er:YAG laser exhibits a strong bactericidal effect against periodontopathic bacteria at a low energy level. Conclusion: Although lasers have shown promising results in reducing clinical signs of peri-implantitis, because of the limited sample sizes and short follow-up periods, no firm conclusion can be drawn at this moment. Hence, there is a need for more well-designed, longitudinal, randomized controlled clinical trials.

Objective: Fluorescence biomodulation (FB), a form of photobiomodulation (PBM) that is also known as low energy level light (LELL), has become an increasingly used clinical tool to induce wound healing in wounds that remain recalcitrant to treatment. In a real-life clinical setting, the aim of the EUREKA (EvalUation of Real-lifE use of Klox biophotonic system in chronic wound mAnagement) study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of LumiHeal, a system based on FB, in the treatment of chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers (VLUs), diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and pressure ulcers (PUs). The effects of this FB system on the modulation of wound healing in chronic ulcers through FB induction were previously examined in an interim analysis of this study. Method: A multicenter, prospective, observational, uncontrolled trial in 12 clinical sites in Italy. The wound was cleansed with saline and a 2mm thick layer of a chromophore gel was applied to the affected area in a biweekly regimen. The area was then illuminated with the LED activator for five minutes at a distance of 5cm. Treatment was used in combination with standard of care specific to each type of chronic wound (VLU, DFU, PU). Wound area evaluation was assessed using the Silhouette Imaging System and quality of life (QoL) with the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS). A seven-point evaluation of the clinicans' view was also examined. Results: We enrolled 100 subjects, with the final analysis including 99 patients/ulcers consisting of 52 VLUs, 32 DFUs and 15 PUs. Total wound closure at the end of the study was achieved in 47 patients by aetiology: 26 VLUs (50% of VLUs); 16 DFUs (50% of DFUs); and five PUs (33.3% of PUs). The mean wound area regression at last study assessment was significant for VLUs (41.0%; pConclusion: The study confirmed a positive efficacy profile of the FB system in inducing the wound healing process in three different types of hard-to-heal chronic wounds. The treatment was shown to be safe and well tolerated by the patients, with a significant improvement in patient QoL. This approach offers an effective modality for the treatment of hard-to-heal chronic ulcers.

Pneumonia disease is a lung inflammatory condition that affects 7% of the world population, causing 4 million deaths yearly. The risk prediction model is an effective way to identify early risk for individual patients, to assist the clinician in making decisions. Many pneumonia prediction systems have been developed. However, the existing models focus on predicting mortality in hospitalized patients, predicting the risk in the stroke patient, prediction of risk of ICU admission in patients with pneumonia, and the risk in older adults. By identifying the risk factors contributing to pneumonia, early prevention can be made to improve health life factor. This study was done to design new algorithms for pneumonia risk prediction system based on the pathway of the infection through eight human body system. The risk was identified from the human body systems and classified into three categories such as molecular structure (Low Energy Level (LEL)), physiological measure (Middle Energy Level (MEL)), and bioenergy symphony (High Energy Level (HEL)). In this study, new risk factor categories which is HEL factor have been implemented. The model was verified using 20 pneumonia patients and 20 healthy subjects between 20 to 30 years old ages. The study showed that the accuracy of the prediction system is 73% with 50% sensitivity and 95% specificity.

Background Enlarged facial pores can be an early manifestation of skin aging and they are a common aesthetic concern for Asians. However, studies of improving the appearance of enlarged pores have been limited. Objective The authors aimed to study the application of CO2 fractional laser treatment in patients with enlarged facial pores. Methods A total of 32 patients with dilated facial pores completed 3 consecutive sessions of low energy level treatments with a fractional CO2 laser at 4-week intervals. Image analysis was performed to calculate the number of enlarged pores before each treatment session and 12 weeks after the final treatment. Results After application of laser treatments, there was a significant decrease in the number of enlarged pores. The mean number of enlarged pores was decreased by 28.8% after the second session and by 54.5% at post-treatment evaluation. Post-treatment side effects were mild and transitory. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated clear increases in the number of collagen fibers and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1. Conclusion The short-term results showed that treatment with low energy level CO2 fractional laser therapy could be a safe and effective option for patients with Fitzpatrick skin Types III and IV who are concerned with enlarged pores.

Recovering the waste heat of flue gas to reduce its temperature with avoiding low-temperature corrosion is an effective way to improve the economic efficiency of coal-fired power plant. A coupled high-low energy level flue gas heat recovery system was introduced in the paper. The inlet air temperature of air preheater and the temperature of turbine condensate can be increased by using this system. Thermal economy model of the system was built based on equivalent heat drop method. The system was successfully applied in 1000MW ultra-supercritical double reheat coal-fired unit in Laiwu Power Plant of China Huaneng Group, and the operation data showed the boiler flue gas temperature was not higher than 90° C, and the coal consumption was reduced by using the system. (CSPE)

Several novel methods, catalysts and reagents have been developed to improve organic synthesis. Synergistic effects between reactions, reagents and catalysts can lead to minor heats of reaction and occur as an inherent result of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and their extensions. They enable syntheses to be performed at a low energy level and the number of synthesis steps to be drastically reduced in comparison with ‘classical’ two-component reactions, fulfilling the rules of Green Chemistry. The very high potential for variability, diversity and complexity of MCRs additionally generates an extremely diverse range of products, thus bringing us closer to the aim of being able to produce tailor-made and extremely low-cost materials, drugs and compound libraries.

During this recent year and a cording development of technology and electronic and software, unexpected kind of pollution among this type of technology appear in our life, this is electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which expose to people, which has Surprisingly risen. For the people who is connected with technology or not, it is important that they have sufficient information about EMF emitting from the equipment that related to field they are in. Therefore, EMR is not only described, but the effects of EMR sources have also been studied in this paper. EMR is basically divided into two parts which are ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. In the other way the techniques we use most often in every life are exposed to radio wave electromagnetic radiation, as the telecommunication systems and microwave oven. but, EMR emitted from these systems it almost has largely ignored due to their low energy level, where it has greatly hazard with the passage time and increased of exposure to this type of radiation. However, EMR ionizing as x-ray, and medical equipment, hence, this type almost related by special way just to people inside this fields and it has personally exposure. more importance they must know about its impact hazard informed about, then they should be having protective to avoid this dangerous type of radiation. on other side all must be caution for their health. The definition of EMR and sources of radiation are very importance for all people must know about the radiation emitted from each device and by details, in order to be obtain their protection to avoid the exposure for radiation in direct way.

In addition to a number of applications of nanofibres in technical fields such as medical, filtration and biosensing, nanofibres are recently being widely explored in terms of apparel use. Past work has focused on the functional properties of nanofibres for apparel use. Coloured nanofibres were produced to investigate their aesthetic properties for the potential application to apparel. Webs of cellulose acetate nanofibre were electrospun and dyed with a high energy level CI Disperse Red 167:1 dye and a low energy level CI Disperse Blue 56 dye using the continuous pad–dry–bake method. Results revealed that the high energy level dye produced better colour yield than the lower energy level dye. The dyed cellulose acetate nanofibres produced acceptable colorimetric values, colour yield and colour fastness. Young’s modulus of dyed nanofibres increased by threefold in comparison to the undyed cellulose acetate nanofibres. Scanning electron microscopy images showed good morphology with the smooth surface of the dyed cellulose acetate nanofibres.

Novel silylethynylated N-heteropentacenes that have three adjacent pyrazine rings at the center of a pentacene backbone are reported. These hexaazapentacenes exhibit a record low energy level of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for N-heteropentacenes and thus are able to oxidize dihydroanthracene to anthracene. Their synthetic precursors are the corresponding dihydrohexaazapentacenes, which exhibit interesting H-bonding.

More often than not, male students are seen to be more active in recreation activity than female students. To investigate this matter, a study was done on the female recreational activity participation. This study investigated the perception and constraints towards recreation activity among female students in a university in Malaysia. This study used a questionnaire regarding the recreation activity to collect the findings. Sixty respondents have been selected randomly as the subject for this study. All the information that is obtained from the questionnaire has been collected and analyzed using SPSS. It was found recreation is most often perceived as ‘extreme sports’ by female students. Moreover, most of the female students perceived themselves as participating regularly in recreational activity. The reasons for not participating in recreational activity are of lack of time, low energy level, lack of participants, lack of facilities and money. It was also found female students prefer outdoor activities such as camping, abseiling and wall climbing. Future studies should compare the perception of male and female students’ on recreational activity.

This paper presents a study on the low-velocity impact response of sandwich panels with different core structures. Sandwich panels were fabricated with neat and nanophased foam core and biaxial ( ± 45 ° ) braided carbon fabric/SC-15 epoxy composite face sheets. Neat and nanophased foam cores with carbon nanofibers at a loading of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% by weight were prepared. Sandwich panels were then fabricated using low cost vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Samples of size 80 × 80 mm were then cut from the panels and the low-velocity impact tests were conducted at three different energy levels of 15, 29 and 44 J. Impact response of the panels was recorded and analyzed in terms of peak load, absorbed energy, time and deflection at peak load. The tested samples were then sectioned into two halves and scanned using a scanner to take the digital image of the fracture surfaces, optical and scanning electron microscopes to evaluate the damage area and failure patterns. Samples with nanophased foam sustained higher peak loads as compared to neat system. Nanophased systems absorb more energy at low energy level and less energy at high energy level as compared to neat counterparts. Among the nanophased systems 0.2 wt% nanophased system showed the best performance.

Many techniques of thermotherapy have emerged over the last several years in the field of oncology using different types of physical agents, including ultrasound. Only ultrasound can target deep seated lesions non-invasively without need for percutaneous probe insertion. Depending on their utilization, it is possible to select either thermal effects, in a continuous mode, at low temperature (allowing thermo-induced biological effects) or at high temperature (allowing thermoablation), or mechanical effects, in a pulsed mode, at low energy level (allowing biological effects) or at high energy levels (histotripsy). Thermoablation by focused ultrasound is now developing fast for applications in many organs. It gained a well defined role for the treatment of prostatic cancer and uterine leiomyoma but needs to be better evaluated in other organs such as the breast. Treatment of abdominal tumors must still be considered as experimental as long as problems related to acoustic interfaces (produced by ribs and gas) and movement correction are not resolved. Biological applications of focused ultrasound are currently being explored and have a great long term potential.

This letter presents two improvements on 2.4 kb/s Mixed-Excitation Linear Prediction (MELP) vocoder. The one is a new parameter R edzc named energy to differential zero-crossing rate which is used in adaptation of V/UV decision of transitional segments and low energy level speech segments. The other is a multi-path searching method for Multi-Stage Vector Quantization (MSVQ) of line spectral frequency. Subjective tests show that the intelligiblity and naturallity of improved MELP vocoder are preferable to those of the original one.

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass and breast yields of broilers fed two different energy levels (3,200 or 2,900 kcal ME/kg) and two ways of expressing amino acid requirements (total n TAA or digestible n DAA) between 21 and 42 days of age. The results showed that broilers fed the diet containing 3,200 kcal ME/kg had higher weight gain (P=0.015), better feed conversion (P=0.001), and higher abdominal fat deposition (P=0.001) as compared to those fed the diet containing 2,900 kcal ME/kg. Diets formulated on DAA basis promoted higher weight gain (P=0.043), better feed conversion (P=0.010) and better conversion of ME intake into weight gain (P=0.007) as compared to those formulated on TAA basis. The results of this study suggest that formulation based on DAA is necessary if the diets contain protein sources that are not reliable in terms of amino acid digestibility. The response to formulation based on DAA was minimized when birds received the low energy level diet (2,900 kcal ME/kg).

The relative siphuncle surfaces of 250 specimens of the most important clades of shelled cephalopods from the Early Palaeozoic to Cenozoic are compared. An index (si) was calculated, which gives the relative inner surface of the connecting ring relative to the volume of the phragmocone chambers. It is shown that cephalopods with very high si developed strong de-coupling spaces between the outer surface of the siphuncular epithelium and the open space of the phragmocone chambers. Additionally these cephalopods often show depressed cross sections or flattened venters. Conversely, cephalopods with low si show simple connecting rings but very different shell shapes. It is shown that fast buoyancy changes were possible in cephalopods both with high si and low si. The size of the siphuncle is therefore considered not to be a simple measure of the performance of the buoyancy apparatus. Instead it refers to the level of metabolic energy of the cephalopods. It is shown that during their entire evolution shelled cephalopods can be divided into taxa which show evidence of a high energy level metabolism and taxa which show evidence of a low energy level metabolism for buoyancy regulation. The general trend since the end of the Palaeozoic is clearly towards a more energy efficient buoyancy regulation. This trend is considered to be an effect of increasing constraints of selection through time.

Security issues are the primary issues in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to its large network coverage and number of nodes. The attackers in WSN attack the particular node which has a low energy level and converts this node into malicious node. The formation of malicious node is the primary reason for link failures between nodes. This paper proposes an efficient methodology to detect the malicious nodes in WSN using feed forward back propagation neural network classifier. This classifier differentiates the malicious node from trusty node based on the extracted features of the test node. The performance of the proposed malicious node detection system is analysed in terms of detection rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and latency. The experimental results are compared with state-of-art methods.

This paper theoretically predicts that if the energy level of the hydrogen atom is expressed classically as E_n=-a^2m_ec^2/2n^2, then the energy level E_n=-2m_ec^2+a^2m_ec^2/2n^2 exists in the hydrogen atom. Triplet production is an experiment which strongly supports the existence of an electron at this extremely low energy level. However, an interpretation different from the conventional interpretation is needed in order to regard triplet production as evidence for the prediction in this paper. If an electron can exist at an unknown energy level, then it can be predicted that hydrogen atoms in this state will be a strong candidate for dark matter.

In this paper we prove the existence of infinitely many closed Reeb orbits for a certain class of contact manifolds. This result can be viewed as a contact analogue of the Hamiltonian Conley conjecture. The manifolds for which the contact Conley conjecture is established are the pre-quantization circle bundles with aspherical base. As an application, we prove that for a surface of genus at least two with a non-vanishing magnetic field, the twisted geodesic flow has infinitely many periodic orbits on every low energy level., 19 pages

International audience; The present work is aimed at the survey of currents, emitted lights and energies associated to positive and negative streamers propagation in three dielectric liquids: mineral oil, tetra-ester and toluene in a point-plane electrode arrangement under High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) stresses. The applied fields range between those corresponding to low energy level discharges till those relative to high energy arcing. The influence of the applied voltage level and the gap distance on the shape and magnitude of these characteristics are also investigated. The approach is also oriented towards the analysis of the frequency behavior and inter-correlation function between currents and corresponding emitted lights.

In this paper we consider oscillating non-exact magnetic fields on surfaces with genus at least two and show that for almost every energy level $k$ below a certain value $\tau_+^*(g,\sigma)$ less than or equal to the "Ma\~n\'e critical value of the universal cover" there are infinitely many closed magnetic geodesics with energy $k$., Comment: In this version we corrected some minor inaccuracies and we improved the exposition following the precious suggestions of the anonymous referee. Accepted for publication in "Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations". Comments are very welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.7641 by other authors

Background: Near N = 40, rapid development of collectivity has been inferred based on the low-energy level schemes of the even-even Fe and Cr isotopes and attributed to deformation arising primarily from the influence of the $\ensuremath{\nu}{g}_{9/2}$ intruder orbital. The level schemes of the odd-A Co and Fe isotopes, as well as the odd-odd Co and Mn isotopes, are also influenced by the ${g}_{9/2}$ orbital and suggest prolate deformation. However, scarce information is available regarding the neutron-rich odd-A Cr isotopes.Purpose: Determine low-energy level schemes of the neutron-rich Cr isotopes approaching N = 40 and investigate the influence of the $\ensuremath{\nu}{g}_{9/2}$ orbital.Method: Neutron-rich V isotopes were produced at the NSCL through projectile fragmentation. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of the V isotopes into Cr isotopes was studied, and the observed $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were used to determine the low-energy level schemes of the neutron-rich Cr isotopes.Results: A greatly expanded level scheme is constructed for $^{61}\mathrm{Cr}$, which has an increased low-energy level density relative to isotopic ${}^{55,57,59}$Cr. Excited states are discovered in $^{63}\mathrm{Cr}$ for the first time.Conclusion: The distinct difference between the low-energy level scheme of $^{61}\mathrm{Cr}$ and the lighter neutron-rich odd-A Cr isotopes is inferred to be due to the influence of the $\ensuremath{\nu}{g}_{9/2}$ intruder orbital and suggests the possibility of low-energy positive-parity states in $^{61}\mathrm{Cr}$, leading to the conclusion that a significant change in deformation and orbital occupancies has taken place when $N$ exceeds 36.

Lesions of naevus of Ota range in colour from light brown to blue, and even greenish-black. To develop guidelines for optimal treatment, we evaluated the number of Q-switched ruby laser treatments required to eliminate the pigmentation of such lesions classified by colour. Over a period of 6 years, we evaluated 151 Japanese patients with naevus of Ota who had been treated with the Q-switched ruby laser at a low energy level (wavelength 694.3 nm; pulse duration 28 x 10-9 s; energy fluence 5 J/cm2; spot size 6.5 mm) every 2 months. Each lesion was classified by colour as brown (n = 22), brown-violet (n = 42), violet-blue (n = 81) and blue-green (n = 6). The 22 predominantly brown lesions attained an excellent (100-95%) or good (95-75%) cosmetic result following three laser treatments in all patients who received this number of treatments. In the 42 brown-violet lesions, 25 of the 29 good or excellent results were achieved after four treatments; the 13 less successful results were in patients who had one to three treatments. In the 81 violet-blue lesions, 54 of the 65 good or excellent results were achieved after four treatments and 64 of 65 after five treatments, whereas all 16 less good results were in patients who had only one to three treatments. However, in the six blue-green lesions, six or more treatments were required to achieve a similarly favourable result. At the end of treatment, the area was virtually free of scarring, and its texture resembled that of the surrounding normal skin. We have confirmed that the use of the Q-switched ruby laser at a low energy level can eliminate the pigmentation of naevus of Ota. While the desired improvement can be obtained within 1 year, the number of treatments appears to depend on the predominant colour of the lesion.

I knew Manuel through a call for potential Ph.D. students in 1987. A number of students applied for and fortunately I passed the selection process, then Manuel was my Ph.D. supervisor and I joined Manuel’s group. We were several Ph.D. students and quite a number of postdocs and a number of visitors coming from all around the world. Since Manuel works in non-stop regime, the whole environment of Manuel stayed at a high energy state with no chance to fall into a low energy level. It was a extraordinary experience from scientific, cultural and personal points of view.

A simple mathematical approach is presented for using a cavity well to determine aquifer constants like hydraulic conductivity \IK\N and specific-storage coefficient \IS\dS\N. The aquifer may be either excessively thick or thin. Mathematical formulas are also available to determine both the radius \Ir\dC\N of the artificially developed cavity below the upper impermeable layer of the confined aquifer and the thickness \III\do\N of the aquifer when it is thin. Mathematical analysis shows that a cavity well, once developed, is an excellent and efficient tool for lifting the ground water at a low energy level. It is further proved that without the installation of observation well(s) (depending upon the type of the aquifer, whether excessively thick or thin), the data, collected from within the pumped well, fails to provide information about the aquifer constants, cavity radius, or aquifer thickness.

One-pot efficient and simple synthesis of γ-carboline derivatives by the Graebe-Ullmann method was conducted in a commercial microwave oven in a few minutes at a low energy level and using erlenmeyer as adequate reaction vessels. Yields are similar to those obtained by conventional heating., Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

One-pot efficient and simple synthesis of γ-carboline derivatives by the Graebe-Ullmann method was conducted in a commercial microwave oven in a few minutes at a low energy level and using erlenmeyer as adequate reaction vessels. Yields are similar to those obtained by conventional heating.

Purpose: It is hypothesized that 6.1 μm produced by a portable laser would be useful for incising tissue layers such as performing a retinectomy in detached retina with extensive anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Methods: An alexandrite laser system, which provides a high-intensity Q-switched pulse (780 nm, 50-100 ns duration, 10 Hz), is wavelength-shifted by a two-stage stimulated Raman conversion process into the 6-7 μm range (Light Age, Inc.). Fresh cadaver porcine retinas were lased with 6.1 μm using a 200 μm diameter spot at 0.6 mJ after removal of the vitreous. Specimens were examined grossly and prepared for histological examination. Results: The Raman-shifted alexandrite laser produced a smooth Gaussian profile. A narrow spectrum was produced at 6.1 μm. A full-thickness retinal incision with minimal thermal damage was obtained at a low energy level of 0.6 mJ in the retinas. However, the depth of the incision did vary from an incomplete incision to a full-thickness incision involving the underlying choroidal layer in attached retinas. Conclusions: The 6.1 μm mid-infrared energy produced by a portable laser is capable of incising detached retinas with minimal thermal damage.

In this paper a detailed description of a modified zonal method used for the prediction of transient operation in glass treatment furnaces is presented. This method calculates the radiative transfer factors for scenes containing both diffusive surfaces and absorbing-emitting/non-scattering media with high indices of refraction all embedded in a totally transparent atmosphere. The method used combines the flux plans approximation for calculation of the view factors, the plating algorithm originally developed by Edwards for calculation of the total heat transfer factors, and finally, Emery’s equations for deduction of the surface-volume and volume-volume heat transfer factors. The matrix of radiative transfer is then simplified by eliminating the low energy level factors, thus rendering the matrix hollow and thereafter decreasing the time required for calculation.Copyright © 2007 by ASME

The objective of this study to verify the effect of fumaric acid (FA) in the diets on the performance of broiler chickens, five hundred and fifty, male, Cobb with 28 days old were distributed in five treatments and five repetitions of 22 broilers each. The reference diet was supplemented with three levels of FA (0.3%, 0.4% e 0.5%) compared to low and high energy level diets without FA. According to the results, the feed conversion (FC) was affected by FA in the diets. The high energy level diet promoted the best FC (2.19), and the 0.5% of FA in the diet promoted the worst FC (2.32). The treatments with low energy level and 0.3 and 0.4% inclusion FA in the diet promoted similar FC (2.27). In conclusion, the addition of FA in 28 at 49 days old broiler chickens diets did not improve the performance of broilers.