7 results on '"Low carbon hydrogen"'
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2. THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS: GREEN HYDROGEN AND BLUE BONDS.
- Author
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Pozhilova, Natalia
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SUSTAINABLE development , *CLEAN energy , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The UN concept of “sustainable development” is increasingly penetrating various spheres of life, subordinating not only political interests, but also forcing economics and science to work closely together to preserve a favorable environment, biodiversity and reduce climate emissions. On the one hand, in the current global paradigm, this attitude is mainly positive, as it aims to achieve the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, prevent negative environmental impacts and other high goals, including the protection of the interests of future generations. However, the “green fever” that is sweeping the world, namely the race of states and various international organizations, carries significant risks. The goals and economic targets set by Governments are sometimes not just overly ambitious, but simply unrealistic and utopian, as in the case of the transition to blue hydrogen in the next five years. In addition, another problem associated with the implementation of the principles of sustainable development is the problem of abuse of rights in the financial market, as well as increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of investments in this area through the issuance of specialized securities, the so-called “green bonds” or their specialized variety of “blue bonds”. However, it should be noted that with all the marketing activities that accompany the issuance of each financial instrument of this type, it is currently impossible to ensure their liquidity solely for supposed good purposes. Thus, without a clearly formulated economic plan confirming the real financial attractiveness of both projects on the introduction of blue water and projects on the issue of blue bonds, both are doomed to very low performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
3. GREEN HYDROGEN IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE POTENTIAL.
- Author
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S., Arbye, WIJAYA, Fransisco Danang, PURWANTO, Maulana Rizal, and BUDIMAN, Arief
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CLEAN energy ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,HYDROGEN as fuel ,RENEWABLE energy standards ,HYDROGEN economy - Abstract
Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
4. Methane pyrolysis in monovalent alkali halide salts: Kinetics and pyrolytic carbon properties.
- Author
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Parkinson, Brett, Patzschke, Clemens F., Nikolis, Dimitrios, Raman, Sumathy, Dankworth, David C., and Hellgardt, Klaus
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ALKALI metal halides , *PYROLYTIC graphite , *PYROLYSIS , *FUSED salts , *METHANE , *SALTS , *CHEMICAL kinetics , *ATMOSPHERIC methane - Abstract
Methane pyrolysis in molten salts has the potential to provide low-cost, low-CO 2 emission H 2 on an industrial scale. The alkali halides (NaBr, KBr, KCl, NaCl, (Na,K)Br) are inexpensive and environmental benign salts, which may facilitate sequestration or sales of the produced carbon even if low-to-moderate amounts of salt remain trapped in the carbon. In this novel work, alkali halides have been tested as the liquid reaction media, and the results of kinetic measurements and carbon characterisation are reported. The observed activation energies were found to be in the range 223.5–277.6 kJ mol−1, which is significantly lower than those measured during gas-phase methane pyrolysis (~422 kJ mol−1). After washing procedures with deionised water, the purity of the produced carbon was in the range 91.7–97.4 atom% or 55.0–91.6 wt%, with the carbon purities correlating well with the salt compounds size and salt-carbon wettability. The carbon samples generated in each salt are all low density (<1 g cm−3), highly porous (30.1–75.2%), low surface area (1.84–3.14 m2 g−1) and have relatively low-levels of structural order. The suggested relationships between the salt selection and the carbon purity, the mass fraction and degree of well-ordered carbon as well as surface and pore morphologies can be used to optimise process designs. Furthermore, the relationships could be used to tune the carbon properties to tailor it to the carbon market needs if the carbon is considered as a co-product. Image 1 • Comprehensive assessment of CH 4 pyrolysis in inexpensive, benign molten salts. • Evaluation of reaction kinetics and properties of carbon from molten salts pyrolysis. • Carbon structural order and purity are related to the salt cation radii. • Key insights for designing industrial CH 4 pyrolysis processes and tailoring carbon. • Simple, cost-effective methods to evaluate performance and carbon properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Optimal operation of a photovoltaic generation-powered hydrogen production system at a hydrogen refueling station.
- Author
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Aki, Hirohisa, Sugimoto, Ichiro, Sugai, Tokuyoshi, Toda, Masahisa, Kobayashi, Masahiro, and Ishida, Masayoshi
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PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation , *HYDROGEN production , *FUELING , *FUEL cell vehicles , *CARBON dioxide mitigation - Abstract
As the popularity of fuel cell vehicles continues to rise in the global market, production and supply of low-carbon hydrogen are important to mitigate CO 2 emissions. We propose a design for a hydrogen refueling station with a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEM-EL)-based electrolysis system (EL-System) and photovoltaic generation (PV) to supply low-carbon hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced by the EL-System using electricity from PV and the power grid. The system was formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to allow analysis of optimal operational strategies. Case studies with different objective functions, CO 2 emission targets, and capacity utilization of the EL-System were evaluated. Efficiency characteristics of the EL-System were obtained through measurements. The optimized operational strategies were evaluated with reference to three evaluation indices: CO 2 emissions, capacity utilization, and operational cost of the system. The results were as follows: 1) Regardless of the objective function, the EL-System generally operated in highest efficiency state, and optimal operation depended on the efficiency characteristics of the EL-System; 2) mitigation of CO 2 emissions and increase in capacity utilization of the EL-System required trade-offs; and 3) increased capacity utilization of the EL-System showed two opposing effects on hydrogen retail price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Energy technology phase-out: Using international analogues to inform ‘net zero’ heat decarbonisation policy
- Author
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Kerr, Niall and Winskel, Mark
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Phase-out policies ,Heat decarbonisation ,Low carbon heating ,Low carbon hydrogen - Abstract
The phasing-out of fossil fuel heating and the transition to low carbon heating is in some ways unprecedented. It is characterised by urgency, given the critical importance of the heat sector in achieving Scottish and UK statutory decarbonisation commitments, but also uncertainty, due to the significant challenges associated with possible solutions such as electrification, low carbon heat networks, biofuels and low carbon hydrogen. This report reviews international evidence of relevant historic phase-out experiences from across the energy sector; it also considers more recent relevant experiences in the transport and electricity sectors. The cases reviewed here include natural gas grids, personal transport, electricity supply, electricity metering, transport biofuels and condensing boilers. A number of cross-case insights are also drawn, on topics including the timing of phase-out policies, industrial strategy aspects and overall policy rationales.
- Published
- 2021
7. Systèmes à hydrogène : quelle contribution au système énergétique? Résultats de plusieurs approches de modélisation
- Author
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Tlili, Olfa, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Christine Mansilla-Pellen, Yannick Perez, Institut Technico-Economie (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE)), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and STAR, ABES
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Analyse technico-Économique ,Techno-Economic analysis ,Systèmes énergétiques ,Hydrogène bas carbone ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Energy systems ,Approche multi-Modèle ,Low carbon hydrogen ,Multi-Model approach ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering - Abstract
Hydrogen… This simple, very abundant element holds great promise to contribute to the transition towards a cleaner future energy system, but under which techno-economic and political conditions? This thesis is a contribution to the assessment of the hydrogen penetration feasibility into the energy system, using a multi-model approach. The focus is put on low-carbon hydrogen, obtained by electrolysis.Our multi-regional analysis on the European, American, Chinese and Japanese energy context (presenting contrasted energy challenges) show that, with the current energy policies implemented which result in a modest penetration of hydrogen into the energy system, hydrogen may achieve approximately 3% of the effort that needs to be done by the four regions, in order to limit the increase of the temperature to 2°C, compared to preindustrial levels. We highlight in this thesis that blending hydrogen with natural gas, and thereby avoiding methane leakages to a certain extent, may represent a significant contribution in achieving the carbon mitigation goals.The hydrogen market analysis has been carried out following two steps. First, each market (industrial and energy-related) was tackled aside in order to propose market entry costs considering the four energy contexts and investigate the timeframe of the market penetration potential. Then, the different hydrogen applications were examined within the overall energy system through the TIMES-PT model (for a Portugal case study), allowing to investigate the hydrogen potential for energy sector coupling. Based on this work, the markets attractiveness was evaluated: mobility (using fuel cell vehicles) appears to be the most favourable.Then, we tackled the required costs over the whole hydrogen supply chain in order to enter the mobility market.To do so, we used temporally and spatially resolved models (GLAES, EuroPower and InfraGis) starting with the production side where we studied the hydrogen potential role in providing the electricity system with flexibility and the impact of such electrolysis operation on the hydrogen generation costs in the context of high shares of renewable energies in France. Our results show that hydrogen can contribute to improve the flexibility of the electric system by allowing avoiding renewable curtailment (between 1.4 and 7.9 TWh depending on the interconnection capacity scenario) but also by taking advantage of nuclear plant available energy (thereby avoiding nuclear ramping), the latter ensuring a low carbon and low cost electricity provision. However, a special attention needs to be dedicated to the utilisation rate of the electrolyser, to keep the hydrogen production costs low enough.Last but not least, we focused on how to link the hydrogen production sites and its final use for mobility applications, the delivery infrastructure being a major issue hampering the hydrogen investments. Five transport and delivery pathways were geographically designed and economically assessed, for the French case. According to our findings, during the very first market penetration phases (1% scenario), it is more interesting to start with decentralised production that proved to be less expensive for the whole pathway at this stage., L'hydrogène… Cet élément simple et très abondant pourrait être un contributeur clé à la transition énergétique, mais dans quelles conditions technico-économiques et politiques ? Cette thèse propose une contribution à l'évaluation de la faisabilité de pénétration de l'hydrogène dans le système énergétique, en mettant en oeuvre différents modèles qui permettent des éclairages complémentaires. Elle se concentre sur l’hydrogène bas carbone, obtenu par électrolyse de l’eau.Notre analyse multirégionale qui porte sur le contexte énergétique européen, américain, chinois et japonais (régions qui présentent des défis énergétiques contrastés) montre que les politiques énergétiques actuelles ne facilitent qu’une faible pénétration de l'hydrogène dans le système énergétique, lui permettant de réaliser environ 3% de l’effort à fournir par les quatre régions afin de limiter l’augmentation de la température à 2°C par rapport aux niveaux préindustriels. Nous soulignons dans cette thèse que l’injection d’hydrogène dans les réseaux de gaz naturel qui permet dans une certaine mesure d’éviter des fuites de méthane à fort pouvoir de réchauffement, pourrait jouer un rôle significatif dans la réalisation des objectifs de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.L'analyse des marchés de l'hydrogène a été menée en deux étapes. Tout d'abord, chaque marché (industriel ou énergétique) a été abordé individuellement afin d’établir des coûts d'entrée sur ce marché (pour les différents contextes énergétiques considérés). Ensuite, les différentes applications de l’hydrogène ont été resituées en interaction avec l’ensemble du système énergétique à travers le modèle TIMES-PT et un cas d’étude portant sur le Portugal, permettant ainsi d’examiner le potentiel de couplage entre les secteurs énergétiques rendu possible par l’hydrogène. Ces travaux ont permis de qualifier l'attractivité des différents marchés, celui de la mobilité apparaissant comme le plus favorable.Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux coûts requis sur l'ensemble de la chaîne d'approvisionnement en hydrogène afin de pénétrer le marché de la mobilité.Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé des modèles avec une maille géographique et temporelle fine (GLAES, EuroPower et InfraGis), en commençant par l’étape de production. Nous avons étudié le rôle potentiel de l'hydrogène pour la fourniture de flexibilité au système électrique dans un contexte de forte pénétration des énergies renouvelables intermittentes en France. Nos résultats montrent que l’hydrogène pourrait permettre non seulement d’éviter d’écrêter la production d’énergies renouvelables (entre 1,4 et 7,9 TWh en fonction du scénario de capacité d’interconnexion), mais pourrait aussi mettre à profit l’énergie nucléaire disponible (bas carbone donc), évitant par-là d’imposer de fortes rampes de puissances aux centrales. Cependant, une attention particulière doit être accordée au taux d'utilisation de l'électrolyseur afin de maintenir les coûts de production d'hydrogène suffisamment bas.Enfin, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’approvisionnement de l’hydrogène, depuis les sites de production jusqu’à l’utilisation pour la mobilité, la question de l’infrastructure étant un problème majeur entravant les investissements dans l’hydrogène. Cinq filières d’approvisionnement (transport et distribution) ont été développées à la maille régionale et comparées sur le plan économique pour le cas français. Nos résultats montrent que, lors des toutes premières phases de pénétration du marché (scénario 1%), il est plus intéressant de privilégier la production décentralisée.
- Published
- 2019
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