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Hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis) is a neglected zoonosis, often incidentally detected in its late stages. The clinical manifestations depend on the location and dimensions of the cysts, with the liver and lungs frequently affected. This case report describes thrombocytopenia, an unusual haematological complication of hydatid disease. We use this case to highlight the role that platelets play in various parasitic infections and to advocate for further research into the role of platelets in hydatid disease. Contribution: We draw attention to a less well-known complication of hydatid disease.

Purpose: In radiation therapy (RT), if an immobilization device is lost or damaged, the patient may need to be brought back for resimulation, device fabrication, and treatment planning, causing additional imaging radiation exposure, inconvenience, cost, and delay. We describe a simulation-free method for replacing lost or damaged RT immobilization devices. Methods and Materials: Replacement immobilization devices were fabricated using existing simulation scans as design templates by computer numerical control (CNC) milling of molds made from extruded polystyrene (XPS). XPS material attenuation and bolusing properties were evaluated, a standard workflow was established, and 12 patients were treated. Setup reproducibility was analyzed postfacto using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement (MDA) calculations comparing onboard treatment imaging with computed tomography (CT) simulations. Results: Results showed that XPS foam material had less dosimetric impact (attenuation and bolusing) than materials used for our standard immobilization devices. The average direct cost to produce each replacement mold was $242.17, compared with over $2000 for standard resimulation. Hands-on time to manufacture was 86.3 minutes, whereas molds were delivered in as little as 4 hours and mostly within 24 hours, compared with a week or more required for standard resimulation. Each mold was optically scanned after production and was measured to be within 2-mm tolerance (pointwise displacement) of design input. All patients were successfully treated using the CNC-milled foam mold replacements, and pretreatment imaging verified satisfactory clinical setup reproduction for each case. The external body contours from the setup cone beam CT and the original CT simulation with matching superior-inferior extent were compared by calculating the DSC and MDA. DSC average was 0.966 (SD, 0.011), and MDA average was 2.694 mm (SD, 0.986). Conclusions: CNC milling of XPS foam is a quicker and more convenient solution than traditional resimulation for replacing lost or damaged RT immobilization devices. Satisfactory patient immobilization, low dosimetric impact compared with standard immobilization devices, and strong correlation of onboard contours with CT simulations are shown. We share our clinical experience, workflow, and manufacturing guide to help other clinicians who may want to adopt this solution.

Abstract Mangroves are nature-based solutions for coastal protection however their ability to attenuate waves and stabilise and accrete sediment varies with their species-specific architecture and frontal area. Hydrodynamic models are typically used to predict and assess the protection afforded by mangroves, but without species or genus distribution information, the results can be significantly different from reality. Data on the frontal genus of mangroves exposed to waves and tides can provide information that can be used in hydrodynamic models to more accurately forecast the protection benefit provided by mangroves. Globally, frontal species were identified from existing mangrove zonation diagrams to create a global mangrove genus distribution map. This dataset aims to improve the accuracy of hydrodynamic models. Data may be of interest to researchers in coastal engineering, marine science, wetland ecology and blue carbon.

Mangroves offer many important ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, serving as nursery grounds to many organisms, and acting as barriers where land and sea converge. Mangroves exhibit environmental flexibility and resilience and frequently occur in nutrient-limited systems. Despite existing research on mangrove microbiomes, the effects of nutrient additions on microbial community structure, composition, and function in intertidal and landward zones of mangrove ecosystems remain unclear. We utilized a long-term nutrient amendment study in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia conducted in two zones, the intertidal fringe and supralittoral scrub forests, dominated by Avicennia marina. Root samples were fractionated into rhizosphere, rhizoplane and endosphere compartments and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine the effects of nutrient stress on community structure and function. Our data showed species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the scrub forest zone. PERMANOVA analysis revealed a significant effect of nutrient enrichment on beta diversity (p = 0.022, R2 = 0.012) in the fringe forest zone only. Cylindrospermopsis, which has been associated with harmful algal blooms, was found to be significantly enriched in fringe phosphate-fertilized plots and nitrogen-fixing Hyphomicrobiales were significantly depleted in the scrub nitrogen-fertilized plots. Meanwhile, root compartments and forest zone had a greater effect on beta diversity (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.186; p = 0.001, R2 = 0.055, respectively) than nutrient enrichment, with a significant interaction between forest zone and root compartment (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.025). This interaction was further observed in the distinct divergence identified in degradative processes of the rhizosphere compartment between the two forest zones. Degradation of aromatic compounds were significantly enriched in the fringe rhizosphere, in contrast to the scrub rhizosphere, where degradation of carbohydrates was most significant. Despite the highly significant effect of forest zone and root compartments, the long-term effect of nutrient enrichment impacted community structure and function, and potentially compromised overall mangrove health and ecosystem stability.

Marine and estuarine habitat degradation threatens ecosystem function and delivery of ecosystem services. An increasing number of management interventions aiming to improve ecological condition within impacted marine and estuarine habitats are being implemented. Monitoring the ecological outcomes of management interventions to evaluate their effectiveness supports adaptive management. However, the lack of a standardised set of indicators has impeded reliable assessment and knowledge sharing. The objective of this research project is to develop a cross-ecosystem standardised indicator framework to assess changes in benthic habitat conditions. The rapid Marine and Estuarine Condition Assessment Tool (MarECAT) was developed for Queensland, Australia; however, it can be applied elsewhere. A literature review was undertaken to identify indicators and metrics for habitat condition assessment that were reviewed by subject matter experts through a series of Technical Group meetings. Three indicator groups were identified based on the presence or absence of structural macrobiota attributes (i.e., macroflora, macrofauna, and substrate-dominated). The panel of experts endorsed a list of 42 condition indicators with associated metrics representing all ecosystem components, enabling a comprehensive assessment of habitat condition for a rapid assessment tool. A level of confidence nominated by practitioners was allocated to each condition indicator metric to inform the interpretation of assessments. Another outcome of the expert workshops was the endorsement of 10 threat indicators representing key pressures in marine and estuarine habitats, along with a specific assessment scale. The scoring method developed for the MarECAT will facilitate reliable assessment of management intervention outcomes and implementation of adaptive management to improve project success.

Abstract Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.

No abstract available.

Abstract Mangroves are one of the most carbon‐dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, and their limitations. We also synthesize and compare mangrove net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with terrestrial forests. Finally, we update global estimates of carbon fluxes with the most current values of fluxes and global mangrove area. We found that the contributions of recently investigated fluxes, such as soil respiration as CH4, are minor (35 Tg C year−1). Dissolved inorganic carbon exports are an order of magnitude higher than the other processes investigated and were highly variable, highlighting the need for further studies. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) per area of mangroves were within the same order of magnitude as terrestrial forests. However, ER/GPP was lower in mangroves, explaining their higher carbon sequestration. We estimate the global mean mangrove NEP of 109.1 Tg C year−1 (7.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1) or through a budget balance, accounting for lateral losses, a global mean of 66.6 Tg C year−1 (4.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Overall, mangroves are highly productive, and despite losses due to respiration and tidal exchange, they are significant carbon sinks.

Background: Classical toxin-mediated respiratory diphtheria has become less common because of widespread effective vaccination globally but invasive disease as a result of non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is not prevented by vaccination and may result in severe disease, including infective endocarditis (IE). Objectives: To describe the outbreak and subsequent investigation of a cluster of five cases of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae endocarditis. Method: A retrospective observational case series of five cases of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae endocarditis identified in the rural West Coast district of the Western Cape province of South Africa between May 2021 and June 2021. Results: Non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae IE had an aggressive clinical course with high mortality in this cohort. Only one of five patients survived to hospital discharge. The surviving patient received a prompt diagnosis with early surgical intervention but still had a complicated clinical course. Notably, only one case had a pre-existing risk factor for IE, namely a prosthetic valve. Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates confirmed that all isolates were of the same novel sequence type of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae but despite a thorough investigation no epidemiological link was ever found between the cases. Conclusion: Non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae are less well known but may be highly virulent and cause severe invasive disease. Contribution: This is the largest cluster of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae IE ever described in South Africa and expands the body of literature on this unusual but possibly emerging infection.

Abstract Anthropogenic activities threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, area-based conservation efforts typically target biodiversity protection whilst minimising conflict with economic activities, failing to consider ecosystem services. Here we identify priority areas that maximise both the protection of mangrove biodiversity and their ecosystem services. We reveal that despite 13.5% of the mangrove distribution being currently strictly protected, all mangrove species are not adequately represented and many areas that provide disproportionally large ecosystem services are missed. Optimising the placement of future conservation efforts to protect 30% of global mangroves potentially safeguards an additional 16.3 billion USD of coastal property value, 6.1 million people, 1173.1 Tg C, and 50.7 million fisher days yr−1. Our findings suggest that there is a pressing need for including ecosystem services in protected area design and that strategic prioritisation and coordination of mangrove conservation could provide substantial benefits to human wellbeing.

Abstract Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV; genus Trichovirus in the family Betaflexiviridae) was detected in Australia in 2016, but its impact on the production of nursery material and fruit in Australia is still currently unknown. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of GPGV in Australia. GPGV was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a range of rootstock, table and wine grape varieties from New South Wales, South Australia, and Victoria, with 473/2171 (21.8%) samples found to be infected. Genomes of 32 Australian GPGV isolates were sequenced and many of the isolates shared high nucleotide homology. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses demonstrated that there were four distinct clades amongst the 32 Australian GPGV isolates and that there were likely to have been at least five separate introductions of the virus into Australia. Recombination and haplotype analysis indicate the emergence of new GPGV strains after introduction into Australia. When compared with 168 overseas GPGV isolates, the analyses suggest that the most likely origin of Australian GPGV isolates is from Europe. There was no correlation between specific GPGV genotypes and symptoms such as leaf mottling, leaf deformation, and shoot stunting, which were observed in some vineyards, and the virus was frequently found in symptomless grapevines.

Abstract Introduction It is increasingly accepted that young people need to be centrally involved in research on issues that affect them. The aim of this study was to explore young people's perceptions of the benefits for them of being involved in mental health research and the processes that enabled these benefits. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted by co‐researchers (young people with lived experience and/or interest in mental health) with 13 young people (aged 13–24 years) who had experience of being involved in mental health research when they were between 11 and 16 years of age. Reflective thematic analysis was used to identify important aspects of young people's experiences. Results Four main themes were identified: (1) opportunity to have a meaningful impact, (2) opportunity to be part of a supportive community, (3) opportunity to learn and grow and (4) increasing opportunities for young people. Conclusion This study highlights young people's experiences of being involved in mental health research and identifies ways in which researchers can ensure that involvement opportunities bring benefits to both the young people and the research. Patient or Public Contribution This research was a response to issues raised by young people involved in research. The project was supported by co‐researchers throughout, including design, data collection, analysis and write‐up.

Abstract The soil in terrestrial and coastal blue carbon ecosystems is an important carbon sink. National carbon inventories require accurate assessments of soil carbon in these ecosystems to aid conservation, preservation, and nature-based climate change mitigation strategies. Here we harmonise measurements from Australia’s terrestrial and blue carbon ecosystems and apply multi-scale machine learning to derive spatially explicit estimates of soil carbon stocks and the environmental drivers of variation. We find that climate and vegetation are the primary drivers of variation at the continental scale, while ecosystem type, terrain, clay content, mineralogy and nutrients drive subregional variations. We estimate that in the top 0–30 cm soil layer, terrestrial ecosystems hold 27.6 Gt (19.6–39.0 Gt), and blue carbon ecosystems 0.35 Gt (0.20–0.62 Gt). Tall open eucalypt and mangrove forests have the largest soil carbon content by area, while eucalypt woodlands and hummock grasslands have the largest total carbon stock due to the vast areas they occupy. Our findings suggest these are essential ecosystems for conservation, preservation, emissions avoidance, and climate change mitigation because of the additional co-benefits they provide.

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed an unprecedented strain on intensive care units (ICUs) in South Africa. Infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies were highlighted to minimise the risk to healthcare workers and for the protection of patients from contracting hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). During the third wave, our institution adopted a shift system to address severe burnout among ICU personnel. We noted an upstroke in the occurrence of HAIs, specifically carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. Objectives. To report these outbreaks, compare the rate of CRE and A. baumannii infections with the first COVID-19 wave and to analyse its impact on patient outcomes. Method. We retrospectively analysed data from a prospectively collected registry involving all adult patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the dedicated COVID-19 ICU from May 2021 to September 2021. Information from the admission database, including the patients’ demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results and length of ICU stay were extracted. Results. Ninety patients were admitted with severe COVID-19 during the third wave. There was an outbreak of both CRE (the majority Klebsiella pneumoniae) and A. baumannii. Furthermore, 18 patients cultured the same CRE organism, and 25 patients cultured the environmental organism A. baumannii. The HAI rate was significantly higher compared with the first wave published data: 59/90 (65.6%) v. 73/363 (20.1%, p

Mangrove forests are degraded by extreme climatic events worldwide, often leaving behind dead standing stems called “ghost forests”. Ghost forests may provide opportunities for seagrass colonization but there is limited research into the conditions found within these ecosystems, or whether they provide a suitable habitat for seagrasses. This study aimed to characterize the environmental conditions within mangrove ghost forests, determine whether conditions are suitable for seagrass survival, and identify whether seagrass was present within the ghost forests of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Six study locations within mangrove ghost forests adjacent to live mangrove forests and seagrass meadows were selected and biophysical conditions within these habitats over the six sites were assessed. Two of the six study sites were found to have live seagrass present within the ghost forests (Godwin Beach and South Stradbroke). Suitable water temperature was linked to the presence and abundance of seagrass within mangrove ghost forests. Mangrove characteristics, including canopy cover, diameter at breast height, and stem densities, contributed to variation in the environment among the three habitats, suggesting that light is a key factor limiting seagrass colonization into live or ghost mangrove forests. Overall, these results suggest that ghost forests can provide suitable habitats for seagrasses, and degraded mangroves may transition to seagrass under future sea level rise scenarios.

Leptospirosis is an under-recognised disease in sub-Saharan Africa and the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. This case report highlights the protean manifestations of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis should be considered in any patient presenting with fever and jaundice, especially when there has been a history of occupational or recreational exposure to water, soil or rodents. Contribution: This case report describes a typical case of leptospirosis, which often presents as a diagnostic dilemma.

Abstract “Blue carbon” wetland vegetation has a limited freshwater requirement. One type, mangroves, utilizes less freshwater during transpiration than adjacent terrestrial ecoregions, equating to only 43% (average) to 57% (potential) of evapotranspiration ( $$ET$$ ET ). Here, we demonstrate that comparative consumptive water use by mangrove vegetation is as much as 2905 kL H2O ha−1 year−1 less than adjacent ecoregions with $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to- $$ET$$ ET ratios of 47–70%. Lower porewater salinity would, however, increase mangrove $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to- $$ET$$ ET ratios by affecting leaf-, tree-, and stand-level eco-physiological controls on transpiration. Restricted water use is also additive to other ecosystem services provided by mangroves, such as high carbon sequestration, coastal protection and support of biodiversity within estuarine and marine environments. Low freshwater demand enables mangroves to sustain ecological values of connected estuarine ecosystems with future reductions in freshwater while not competing with the freshwater needs of humans. Conservative water use may also be a characteristic of other emergent blue carbon wetlands.

Mangrove forests protect communities from storms and support fisheries. Here, the authors show that the association with economic growth has shifted from negatively impacting mangroves to enabling mangrove expansion, and that community forestry is promoting mangrove expansion.

Abstract Background To reduce COVID-19 infection rates during the initial stages of the pandemic, the UK Government mandated a strict period of restriction on freedom of movement or ‘lockdown’. For young people, closure of schools and higher education institutions and social distancing rules may have been particularly challenging, coming at a critical time in their lives for social and emotional development. This study explored young people’s experiences of the UK Government’s initial response to the pandemic and related government messaging. Methods This qualitative study combines data from research groups at the University of Southampton, University of Edinburgh and University College London. Thirty-six online focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 150 young people (Southampton: n = 69; FGD = 7; Edinburgh: n = 41; FGD = 5; UCL: n = 40; FGD = 24). Thematic analysis was conducted to explore how young people viewed the government’s response and messaging and to develop recommendations for how to best involve young people in addressing similar crises in the future. Results The abrupt onset of lockdown left young people shocked, confused and feeling ignored by government and media messaging. Despite this, they were motivated to adhere to government advice by the hope that life might soon return to normal. They felt a responsibility to help with the pandemic response, and wanted to be productive with their time, but saw few opportunities to volunteer. Conclusions Young people want to be listened to and feel they have a part to play in responding to a national crisis such as the COVID-19 epidemic. To reduce the likelihood of disenfranchising the next generation, Government and the media should focus on developing messaging that reflects young people’s values and concerns and to provide opportunities for young people to become involved in responses to future crises.

Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss have declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation and restoration. Here, we outline the challenges for the global restoration of mangroves and what actions could enhance restoration. Ambitious global targets for mangrove restoration, if successful, could deliver global benefits of carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, and coastal protection. However, large-scale mangrove planting efforts have often failed, and smaller projects may not deliver landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions to achieving global targets include reducing risks of large projects and increasing the uptake and effectiveness of smaller projects. Sustainable mangrove restoration requires investment in capacity building in communities and institutions, and mechanisms to match restoration opportunities with prospective supporters and investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management and help fully understand and monitor the benefits of mangrove restoration.

The protection, management and restoration of vegetated ecosystems on land and in the ocean (‘natural climate solutions’) can be a useful strategy for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to help limit global warming. Their potential contribution to reducing net emissions has led to the development of policies and financial incentives for their protection and restoration. These have in turn created a set of expectations among some stakeholders, and interest in expanding these to encompass other ecosystems. However, there are specific rules about how abatement is calculated in international policy and climate finance, and the frameworks and terminology associated with them are often complex. This can be a barrier to stakeholders who want to leverage the potential of natural climate solutions, sometimes leading to incongruence between realised and anticipated benefits. In this article, we attempt to outline some of the key international policy and carbon market frameworks for coastal ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems, and the extent to which different ecosystems are accommodated. Currently, among the coastal ecosystems, only mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, and tidal marshes are typically considered in international policy and carbon market frameworks. The defining feature of these ecosystems is that the foundation species are plants that grow in sediment (soil). They are the only coastal ecosystems currently included in IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, and in compliance and voluntary carbon markets. There is interest in potentially including other marine ecosystems, such as kelp forests and unvegetated tidal flats, into carbon accounting frameworks, but there are unresolved questions about whether sequestration and storage of carbon by these ecosystems meets the rigorous standards required. Voluntary carbon markets have greater flexibility than mechanisms linked to national greenhouse gas inventories, and so might be early implementers of expanding methods to include other ecosystems. Incorporating coastal ecosystems into national greenhouse gas inventory is a useful action countries can take that will likely help generate incentives for protection and restoration of these important ecosystems.

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the suitability of airway-implanted internal fiducial markers and an external surrogate of respiratory motion for motion management during radiation therapy of lung tumors. Methods and Materials: We analyzed 4-dimensional computed tomography scans acquired during radiation therapy simulation for 28 patients with lung tumors who had anchored fiducial markers bronchoscopically implanted inside small airways in or near the tumor in a prospective trial. We used a linear mixed model to build population-based correlative models of tumor and surrogate motion. The first 24 of the 28 patients were used to build correlative models, and 4 of the 28 consecutive patients were excluded and used as an internal validation cohort. Of the 24 patients from the model building cohort, all were used for the models based on the internal fiducial. The external surrogate was completely visualized in 11 patients from the model building cohort, so only those were used for the models based on the external surrogate. Furthermore, we determined the predicted residual error sum of squares for our correlative models, which may serve as benchmarks for future research. Results: The motion of the internal fiducials was significantly associated with the tumor motion in the anterior-posterior (P < .0001) and superior-inferior (SI) directions (P < .0001). We also observed a strong correlation of the external surrogate anterior-posterior motion to the tumor dominant SI motion (P < .0001). In the validation cohort, the internal fiducial SI motion was the only reliable predictor of lung tumor motion. Conclusions: The internal fiducials appear to be more reliable predictors of lung tumor motion than the external surrogate. The suitability of such airway-implanted internal fiducial markers for advanced motion management techniques should be further investigated. Although the external surrogate seems to be less reliable, its wide availability and noninvasive application support its clinical utility, albeit the greater uncertainty will need to be compensated for.

Abstract Ocean–atmosphere climatic interactions, such as those resulting from El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are known to influence sea level, sea surface temperature, air temperature, and rainfall in the western Pacific region, through to the north-west Australian Ningaloo coast. Mangroves are ecologically important refuges for biodiversity and a rich store of blue carbon. Locations such as the study site (Mangrove Bay, a World Heritage Site within Ningaloo Marine Park and Cape Range National Park) are at the aridity range-limit which means trees are small in stature, forests small in area, and are potentially susceptible to climate variability such as ENSO that brings lower sea level and higher temperature. Here we explore the relationship between mangrove dieback, and canopy condition with climatic variables and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)—a measure of ENSO intensity, through remote sensing classification of Landsat satellite missions across a 29 year period at a north-west Australian site. We find that the SOI, and seasonal mean minimum temperature are strongly correlated to mangrove green canopy (as indicator of live canopy) area. This understanding of climate variations and mangrove temporal heterogeneity (patterns of abundance and condition) highlights the sensitivity and dynamics of this mangrove forest and recommends further research in other arid and semi-arid tropical regions at mangrove range-limits to ascertain the extent of this relationship.

We explored how academic departments, university teachers and students in one research-led university in New Zealand identified and addressed challenges in achieving three particular graduate attributes. These attributes (global perspective, environmental literacy and those aspect of ethics that involve personal social responsibility) are distinctive in that they may encompass values, attitudes and future behaviours, in addition to knowledge and skills. We documented formal processes in each participating department; interviewed university teachers to understand how they conceptualised these attributes and the processes of teaching them; explored student perspectives via individual and group interviews and written responses to verbal questions in groups; held project-based and departmental discussions to help us understand how the diversity of perspectives and processes extant in this institution were understood; and developed resources to explore and support future academic engagement with the issues that have arisen in this research. We discuss a potential mismatch between what this institution's strategic documentation aspires to and how departments and their teachers are managing these expectations, and we link this concern to the academic discourse on roles, responsibilities and capabilities of higher education. Our research has implications for all higher education institutions that express their aspirations or intentions for the values that their students will learn and we propose a research agenda to address our concerns.