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6. Cartographie des dépôts de 137Cs en mai 1986 sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain

Author

Renaud, P., Métivier, J.M., Castelier, E., Pourcelot, L., Louvat, D., Laboratoire d'étude radioécologique du milieu continental et marin (LERCM), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Direction de l'Environnement et de l'Intervention

Subjects
Mapping, 137Cs, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chernobyl accident, Cesium, Air mass, Atmospheric precipitation, France, Fallout, European Commission, Deposition, Chernobyl
Abstract

This study intends to reconstruct the 137Cs deposition over the French territory resulting from the Chernobyl accident, 17 years after its occurrence. This reconstruction is based on the caesium fallout versus atmospheric precipitation relationship during the first week of May 1986, already determined for the Eastern France and the modelling of air masses radioactive load decrease toward West. The deposition map is obtained following the methodology used for the European Commission Atlas. Our map is consistent with estimated deposit over neighbouring countries. © EDP Sciences, 2004.; 17 ans après l'accident de Tchernobyl, cette étude propose une reconstitution des dépôts de 137Cs dus à cet accident sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain. Cette reconstitution est basée sur la relation entre les dépôts de 137Cs et les pluies de la première semaine de mai 1986, validée sur le tiers-est du pays, et sur une modélisation de l'appauvrissement d'est en ouest des masses d'air contaminées. La carte proposée, établie suivant la même méthode géostatistique que celle utilisée par la Commission européenne, est cohérente avec les estimations des dépôts de 137Cs dans les pays d'Europe voisins.

Published
2004

7. The Chernobyl fallout in France, critical review measurement-results obtained at that time and lessons learned for crisis management [Les retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl en France: analyse critique des mesures effectuées à l'époque sur le territoire national et enseignements pour la gestion de crise]

Author

Renaud, Ph., Louvat, D., Laboratoire d'étude radioécologique du milieu continental et marin (LERCM), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Direction de l'Environnement et de l'Intervention

Subjects
Thyroid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Crisis management, Environment, Population statistics, Chernobyl, Chernobyl fallout, Radiological consequences, Accidents, Radioactivity measurement, Chernobyl accident, France, Fallout, Chemical contamination, Dairy products
Abstract

The Chernobyl fallout in France, critical review measurement-results obtained at that time and lessons learned for crisis management. Seventeen years after, all data of radioactivity measurements made in the environment at the time of Chernobyl accident by the various official French organisations have been listed and reassessed. These data were appropriate to evaluate within a short period of time, the radiological consequences of the accident fallout for a large part of the French population. However, because the effect of rain was not taken into consideration, these data did not enabled a correct evaluation of the contamination of foodstuff in some parts of the Eastern France where radioactive deposition were exceeding the regional mean value. For instance, despite the large analytical capability devoted to sensitive foodstuff measurements as milk, no focus was placed on the consumption of Corsica goat and sheep milk which could have lead to thyroid doses for children significantly higher that estimated mean values for Eastern France. Nowadays, the experience gained by IRSN would permit to better optimise the measurement distribution and to better assimilate data produced. However, to achieve this optimisation, we still need to carry on the radioecological sensitivity analysis of the different geographical compartments of the French territory, analysis eventually guiding any sample strategy. © 2004 EDP Sciences.

Published
2003

8. Influence des retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl sur l'activité en 137Cs du vin des côtes du Rhône

Author

Renaud, P., Colle, C., Louvat, D., Barker, E., and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
Chernobyl fallout, Environmental transport, 137Cs, Food chain, Accidents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cesium, Deposits, Wine, Fallout, Chernobyl
Abstract

Some parts of the Rhône valley have been quite strongly affected by the Chernobyl fallout, with 137Cs deposits sometimes higher than 20 000 Bq m-2. In those regions, most of agricultural surfaces are devoted to vineyards for famous vintages. This study shows that the consequences of the Chernobyl fallout in wine were visible but very weak. 137Cs wine activities did not reached 1 Bq l-1. Such limited consequences are linked to the date of the deposit, the first week of May 1986, at the beginning of vineyard plant foliar development. Since 1986, this activity has strongly decreased to be in 2000 close to those existing before the accident: some millibecquerel per litre. 137Cs activities in soil, mainly contained within the 20 first centimetres, are weakly available for vineyard roots. © 2003 EDP Sciences.; Avec des dépôts de 137Cs dépassant quelquefois 20 000 Bq m-2, certains coteaux de la vallée du Rhône ont été assez fortement touchés par les retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl. C'est le cas à Cornas (Ardèche) près de Valence et à Vinsobres (Vaucluse) au nord de Vaison-la-Romaine. La vigne occupe dans ces régions l'essentiel des surfaces agricoles, pour la production d'un vin réputé. Cette étude montre que les conséquences des retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl pour les vins de la vallée du Rhône ont été visibles mais très faibles. L'activité en 137Cs du vin produit en 1986 n'a pas atteint 1 Bq/l. Ces conséquences très limitées sont dues à la date des dépôts qui sont intervenus début mai 1986, alors que les vignes développaient à peine leurs premières feuilles. Depuis 1986, l'activité en 137Cs du vin a fortement décru jusqu'à revenir en 2000 à un niveau proche de celle d'avant l'accident : quelques millibecquerels par litre. Le césium ajouté aux sols, dans des proportions pourtant importantes, se trouve essentiellement dans les 20 premiers centimètres et est peu disponible pour les racines de la vigne.

Published
2003

9. Natural radioactivity in the environment of France: Levels free from human interference

Author

Picat, Ph., Calmet, D., Louvat, D., Vray, F., Lemaitre, N., LINDEN, G., Barbey, P., Pigree, G., Bourcier, T., Levy, F., Le Bar, S., Baron, Y., Delacroix, D., Panaïva, E., De Bruyne, T., Hervé, J.Y., Beguinel, P., Cabanne, N., De Paepe, A., Santucci, C., Prot, T., Matray, J.L., Tillie, J.L., Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), EDF (EDF), COGEMA, Marine nationale, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), and Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes (DGCCRF)

Subjects
Ionizing radiation, Radioisotopes, Environmental radioactivity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Background noise, Surveys, Radioactivity, Lead, Human interference, Radon, Human activities, Natural radioactivity, France, Nuclear facilities, Radiometry, environment, Radium
Abstract

International audience; On the french territory which levels are characteristic of ionising radiation and which of radionuclides natural in origin? Is it possible to distinguish the portion of a measurement readily attributable to man-made sources? In an attempt to answer these questions, a questionnaire was sent to the various bodies measuring environmental radioactivity in France. Information contained in this paper relates solely to observation of the environment (open spaces) outside buildings and beyond the perimetre of nuclear facilities. Further more, it concerns the measurement of radiation or of radionuclides natural in origin where the results have not been influenced by human activity, with the exception of specifically mentioned cases. The survey illustrates the present difficulty of assessing the acquired data on the characteristics of natural radioactive background noise in the environment in France. Efforts exerted in France in the area of natural radioactivity lack coordination and a shared setting of priorities. In this regard, the measurement of 238U and 232Th precursors to 226Ra and 228Ra of solid alpha-emitting radon daughters (by measuring PAE of 22Rn and 220Rn), of post-emanation gamma emitters (214Pb, 214Bi, 212Pb) and of 210Pb, 210Po and 14C should be given top priority. © 2002 EDP Sciences.

Published
2002

10. Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS): a summary report of the results of the EMRAS programme (2003–2007)

Author

Aign, J., Al-Khayat, T., Al-Masri, M., Amado, V., Amano, H., Ammann, M., Andersson, K.G., Angeli, G., Arapis, G., Arkhipov, A., Atanassov, D., Atarashi-Andoh, M., Balonov, M., Barbeau, C., Barnett, C.L., Barraclough, I., Barros, H., Bartusková, M., Batandjieva, B., Baumgärtner, F., Beaugelin-Seiller, K., Belli, M., Belot, Y., Benovich, I., Beresford, N.A., Berkovskyy, V., Birky, B., Bossew, P., Boyer, C., Boyer, P., Brennwald, M., Brittain, J.E., Brown, J.E., Calmon, P., Cancio, D., Canoba, A., Carini, F., Charnock, T.W., Cheng, J.-J., Choi, Y., Ciffroy, P., Colle, C., Conney, S., Copplestone, D., Cutts, D., Davis, P., Doi, M., Dovlete, C., Duffa, C., Durrieu, G., Dzyuba, N., Ehlken, S., Fesenko, S., Filistovic, V., Galeriu, D., Gallay, F., Garcia-Sanchez, L., García-Tenorio, R., Garnier, J.-M., Gaschak, S., Gehrcke, K., Gerler, J., Gerzabek, M.H., Gil-García, C.J., Golikov, V., Golovan, O., Golubev, A., Golubeva, V., Gondin da Fonseca, A., Goutal, N., Guetat, P., Gulden, W., Håkanson, L., Harris, F., Heling, R., Hilton, J., Hingston, J.L., Hofman, D., Homma, T., Horyna, J., Hosseini, A., Howard, B.J., Hubmer, A., Hwang, W.T., Inaba, J., Inoue, Y., Ioannides, K., Isamov, N., Ivanova, K., Jackson, D., James, J., Jourdain, F., Jova Sed, L., Juri, Ayub, J., Kaiser, J.C., Kakiuchi, H., Kamboj, S., Kanyár, B., Kashparov, V., Kawaguchi, I., Kennedy, P., Kirchner, G., Kivva, S., Koarashi, J., Konoplev, A., Koshebutskyy, V., Koukouliou, V., Kozar Lagar, J., Krajewski, P., Krasnov, V., Krizman, M., Krylov, A., Kryshev, A., Kryshev, I., Laptev, G., Leclerc, E., LeDizès-Maurel, S., Lee, C., Lee, H., Lettner, H., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Luck, M., Maderich, V., Madoz-Escande, C., Magro, L., Malátová, I., Marks, P., Martin, P., Masuda, T., Mavrin, S., McDonald, P., Melintescu, A., Miyamoto, K., Momoshima, N., Monte, L., Montfort, M., Nedveckaite, T., Neves, F., Nitzsche, O., Nosov, A., Nuccetelli, C., O'Brien, R., Olyslaegers, G., Organo, C., Orlov, O., Paganini Fioratti, M., Palsson, S.E., Patryl, L., Periañez, R., Pérez-Sánchez, D., Peterson, S.R., Pröhl, G., Quintana, E., Rantavaara, A., Raskob, W., Ravi, P.M., Reed, E., Rigol, A., Rudya, K., Saito, M., Sanina, K., Sansone, U., Santucci, P., Sanzharova, N., Saxén, R., Sazykina, T., Servant-Perrier, A., Setlow, L., Shang, Z.R., Shaw, G., Shubina, O., Siclet, F., Simon, S., Sitnikov, S., Sizonenko, V.P., Skuterud, L., Slávik, O., Smith, K., Smith, J.T., Steiner, M., Strebl, F., Suh, K.-S., Suolanen, V., Sweeck, L., Tagami, K., Takeda, H., Tamponnet, C., Telleria, D., Thiessen, K.M., Thiry, Y., Thorne, M., Tomás Zerquera, J., Torri, G., Treebushny, D., Trifunovic, D., Tsatsi, L., Uchida, S., Vandenhove, H., Varga, B., Velasco, H., Venter, A., Vichot, L., Vidal, M., Vives i Batlle, J., Vives-Lynch, S., Vlasov, O., Voigt, G., Waggitt, P., Webbe-Wood, D., Wierczinski, B., Wood, M.D., Yamamoto, K., Yankovich, T., Yu, C., Zeevaert, T., Zeiller, L., Zelmer, R., Zheleznyak, M., Zibold, G., Zlobenko, B., Zvonova, I., Aign, J., Al-Khayat, T., Al-Masri, M., Amado, V., Amano, H., Ammann, M., Andersson, K.G., Angeli, G., Arapis, G., Arkhipov, A., Atanassov, D., Atarashi-Andoh, M., Balonov, M., Barbeau, C., Barnett, C.L., Barraclough, I., Barros, H., Bartusková, M., Batandjieva, B., Baumgärtner, F., Beaugelin-Seiller, K., Belli, M., Belot, Y., Benovich, I., Beresford, N.A., Berkovskyy, V., Birky, B., Bossew, P., Boyer, C., Boyer, P., Brennwald, M., Brittain, J.E., Brown, J.E., Calmon, P., Cancio, D., Canoba, A., Carini, F., Charnock, T.W., Cheng, J.-J., Choi, Y., Ciffroy, P., Colle, C., Conney, S., Copplestone, D., Cutts, D., Davis, P., Doi, M., Dovlete, C., Duffa, C., Durrieu, G., Dzyuba, N., Ehlken, S., Fesenko, S., Filistovic, V., Galeriu, D., Gallay, F., Garcia-Sanchez, L., García-Tenorio, R., Garnier, J.-M., Gaschak, S., Gehrcke, K., Gerler, J., Gerzabek, M.H., Gil-García, C.J., Golikov, V., Golovan, O., Golubev, A., Golubeva, V., Gondin da Fonseca, A., Goutal, N., Guetat, P., Gulden, W., Håkanson, L., Harris, F., Heling, R., Hilton, J., Hingston, J.L., Hofman, D., Homma, T., Horyna, J., Hosseini, A., Howard, B.J., Hubmer, A., Hwang, W.T., Inaba, J., Inoue, Y., Ioannides, K., Isamov, N., Ivanova, K., Jackson, D., James, J., Jourdain, F., Jova Sed, L., Juri, Ayub, J., Kaiser, J.C., Kakiuchi, H., Kamboj, S., Kanyár, B., Kashparov, V., Kawaguchi, I., Kennedy, P., Kirchner, G., Kivva, S., Koarashi, J., Konoplev, A., Koshebutskyy, V., Koukouliou, V., Kozar Lagar, J., Krajewski, P., Krasnov, V., Krizman, M., Krylov, A., Kryshev, A., Kryshev, I., Laptev, G., Leclerc, E., LeDizès-Maurel, S., Lee, C., Lee, H., Lettner, H., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Luck, M., Maderich, V., Madoz-Escande, C., Magro, L., Malátová, I., Marks, P., Martin, P., Masuda, T., Mavrin, S., McDonald, P., Melintescu, A., Miyamoto, K., Momoshima, N., Monte, L., Montfort, M., Nedveckaite, T., Neves, F., Nitzsche, O., Nosov, A., Nuccetelli, C., O'Brien, R., Olyslaegers, G., Organo, C., Orlov, O., Paganini Fioratti, M., Palsson, S.E., Patryl, L., Periañez, R., Pérez-Sánchez, D., Peterson, S.R., Pröhl, G., Quintana, E., Rantavaara, A., Raskob, W., Ravi, P.M., Reed, E., Rigol, A., Rudya, K., Saito, M., Sanina, K., Sansone, U., Santucci, P., Sanzharova, N., Saxén, R., Sazykina, T., Servant-Perrier, A., Setlow, L., Shang, Z.R., Shaw, G., Shubina, O., Siclet, F., Simon, S., Sitnikov, S., Sizonenko, V.P., Skuterud, L., Slávik, O., Smith, K., Smith, J.T., Steiner, M., Strebl, F., Suh, K.-S., Suolanen, V., Sweeck, L., Tagami, K., Takeda, H., Tamponnet, C., Telleria, D., Thiessen, K.M., Thiry, Y., Thorne, M., Tomás Zerquera, J., Torri, G., Treebushny, D., Trifunovic, D., Tsatsi, L., Uchida, S., Vandenhove, H., Varga, B., Velasco, H., Venter, A., Vichot, L., Vidal, M., Vives i Batlle, J., Vives-Lynch, S., Vlasov, O., Voigt, G., Waggitt, P., Webbe-Wood, D., Wierczinski, B., Wood, M.D., Yamamoto, K., Yankovich, T., Yu, C., Zeevaert, T., Zeiller, L., Zelmer, R., Zheleznyak, M., Zibold, G., Zlobenko, B., and Zvonova, I.

Published
2012

11. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environment

Author

Balonov, M., Barnett, C.L., Belli, M., Beresford, N.A., Berkovsky, V., Bossew, P., Boyer, P., Brittain, J.E., Calmon, P., Carini, F., Choi, Y.H., Ciffroy, P., Colle, C., Conney, S., Davis, P., Durrieu, G., Ehlken, S., Fesenko, S., Galeriu, D.C., Garcia-Sanchez, L., Garnier, J.-M., Gerzabek, M.H., Gil-García, C.J., Golikov, V., Gondin Fonseca, A.M., Howard, B.J., Hubmer, A., Isamov, N., Jourdain, F., Jova Sed, L., Juri Ayub, J., Kashparov, V., Kirchner, G., Krasnov, V., Leclerc, E., Lettner, H., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Madoz-Escande, C., Martin, P., Melintescu, A., Monte, L., Olyslaegers, G., Orlov, O., Palsson, S.E., Periañez, R., Peterson, S.R., Pröhl, G., Rantavaara, A., Ravi, P.M., Reed, E., Rigol, A., Sansone, U., Sanzharova, N., Saxén, R., Shang, Z.R., Shaw, G., Shubina, O., Siclet, F., Skuterud, L., Smith, J.T., Strebl, F., Tagami, K., Tamponnet, C., Thiry, Y., Uchida, S., Vandenhove, H., Varga, B., Velasco, H., Vidal, M., Voigt, G., Yankovich, T., Zeiller, L., Zibold, G., Balonov, M., Barnett, C.L., Belli, M., Beresford, N.A., Berkovsky, V., Bossew, P., Boyer, P., Brittain, J.E., Calmon, P., Carini, F., Choi, Y.H., Ciffroy, P., Colle, C., Conney, S., Davis, P., Durrieu, G., Ehlken, S., Fesenko, S., Galeriu, D.C., Garcia-Sanchez, L., Garnier, J.-M., Gerzabek, M.H., Gil-García, C.J., Golikov, V., Gondin Fonseca, A.M., Howard, B.J., Hubmer, A., Isamov, N., Jourdain, F., Jova Sed, L., Juri Ayub, J., Kashparov, V., Kirchner, G., Krasnov, V., Leclerc, E., Lettner, H., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Madoz-Escande, C., Martin, P., Melintescu, A., Monte, L., Olyslaegers, G., Orlov, O., Palsson, S.E., Periañez, R., Peterson, S.R., Pröhl, G., Rantavaara, A., Ravi, P.M., Reed, E., Rigol, A., Sansone, U., Sanzharova, N., Saxén, R., Shang, Z.R., Shaw, G., Shubina, O., Siclet, F., Skuterud, L., Smith, J.T., Strebl, F., Tagami, K., Tamponnet, C., Thiry, Y., Uchida, S., Vandenhove, H., Varga, B., Velasco, H., Vidal, M., Voigt, G., Yankovich, T., Zeiller, L., and Zibold, G.

Abstract

For many years, the IAEA has published materials aimed at supporting the assessment of radiation impacts on human beings and the environment. Two major publications, Sediment Kd s and Concentration Factors for Radionuclides in the Marine Environment (Technical Reports Series No. 247), published in 1985, and the Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments (Technical Reports Series No. 364), published in 1994, together provided a full set of available transfer parameter values for the marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. For many years, these two publications have served as key references for radioecologists, modellers and authorities, providing data for use in environmental impact assessments. Since the publication of these two collections of data, a number of publications on transfer parameter values have been produced and merit consideration. Therefore, in 2000 the IAEA initiated a revision of Technical Reports Series No. 247 which resulted in the publication, in 2004, of Sediment Distribution Coefficients and Concentration Factors for Biota in the Marine Environment (Technical Reports Series No. 422), covering newly obtained data as well as changes in the regulatory framework. In 2003, within the framework of the Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) programme, the IAEA undertook a revision of Technical Reports Series No. 364. The current publication was prepared by the members of Working Group 1 of the EMRAS programme, chaired by P. Calmon (IRSN, France). This publication focuses on transfer parameter values; the models in which they are used generally are not described here. It is therefore supported by IAEA-TECDOC-1616, which accompanies this report and contains the full collection of the reviewed data and provides radioecological concepts and models facilitating the use of these values in specific situations. This publication is intended to supplement existing IAEA reports on env

Published
2010

12. Hydrologie et géochimie isotopique

Author

Louvat, D., Causse, C. (ed.), and Gasse, F. (ed.)

Subjects
GEOCHIMIE, ANALYSE CHIMIQUE, HYDROGEOLOGIE, ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, EAU SOUTERRAINE, ISOTOPE RADIOACTIF
Published
1998

13. Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: Twenty years of experience. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert group “Environment”

Author

Alexakhin, R., Anspaugh, L., Balonov, M., Batandjieva, B., Besnus, F., Biesold, H., Bogdevich, I., Byron, D., Carr, Z., Deville-Cavelin, G., Ferris, I., Fesenko, S., Gentner, N., Golikov, V., Gora, A., Hendry, J., Hinton, T., Howard, B., Kashparov, V., Kirchner, G., LaGuardia, T., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Moberg, L., Napier, B., Prister, B., Proskura, M., Reisenweaver, D., Schmieman, E., Shaw, G., Shestopalov, V., Smith, J., Strand, P., Tsaturov, Y., Vojtsekhovich, O., Woodhead, D., Alexakhin, R., Anspaugh, L., Balonov, M., Batandjieva, B., Besnus, F., Biesold, H., Bogdevich, I., Byron, D., Carr, Z., Deville-Cavelin, G., Ferris, I., Fesenko, S., Gentner, N., Golikov, V., Gora, A., Hendry, J., Hinton, T., Howard, B., Kashparov, V., Kirchner, G., LaGuardia, T., Linsley, G., Louvat, D., Moberg, L., Napier, B., Prister, B., Proskura, M., Reisenweaver, D., Schmieman, E., Shaw, G., Shestopalov, V., Smith, J., Strand, P., Tsaturov, Y., Vojtsekhovich, O., and Woodhead, D.

Abstract

The explosion on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which is located 100 km from Kiev in Ukraine (at that time part of the USSR), and the consequent reactor fire, which lasted for 10 days, resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor and adverse consequences for the public and the environment. The resulting contamination of the environment with radioactive material caused the evacuation of more than 100 000 people from the affected region during 1986 and the relocation, after 1986, of another 200 000 people from Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Some five million people continue to live in areas contaminated by the accident. The national governments of the three affected countries, supported by international organizations, have undertaken costly efforts to remediate the areas affected by the contamination, provide medical services and restore the region’s social and economic well-being. The accident’s consequences were not limited to the territories of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, since other European countries were also affected as a result of the atmospheric transfer of radioactive material. These countries also encountered problems in the radiation protection of their populations, but to a lesser extent than the three most affected countries. Although the accident occurred nearly two decades ago, controversy still surrounds the real impact of the disaster. Therefore the IAEA, in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, as well as the competent authorities of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, established the Chernoby

Published
2006

21. Radioactivité d'origine naturelle dans l'environnement en France : niveaux non perturbés par l'homme

Author

Picat, Ph., primary, Calmet, D., additional, Louvat, D., additional, Vray, F., additional, Lemaitre, N., additional, Linden, G., additional, Barbey, P., additional, Pigree, G., additional, Bourcier, T., additional, Levy, F., additional, Le Bar, S., additional, Baron, Y., additional, Delacroix, D., additional, Panaïva, E., additional, de Bruyne, T., additional, Hervé, J. Y., additional, Beguinel, P., additional, Cabanne, N., additional, de Paepe, A., additional, Santucci, C., additional, Prot, T., additional, Matray, J. L., additional, and Tillie, J. L., additional

Published
2002
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23. Recent developments at the ANTARES AMS centre

Author

Smith, A.M, primary, Fink, D, additional, Hotchkis, M.A.C, additional, Jacobsen, G.E, additional, Lawson, E.M, additional, Tuniz, C, additional, Sacchi, E, additional, Louvat, D, additional, Zuppi, G.M, additional, and Bonetti, R, additional

Published
1996
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25. Cartographie des dépôts de 137Cs en mai 1986 sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain

Author

Renaud, Ph., Métivier, J. M., Castelier, E., Pourcelot, L., and Louvat, D.

Abstract

17 ans après l'accident de Tchernobyl, cette étude propose une reconstitution des dépôts de 137Cs dus à cet accident sur l'ensemble du territoire français métropolitain. Cette reconstitution est basée sur la relation entre les dépôts de 137Cs et les pluies de la première semaine de mai 1986, validée sur le tiers-est du pays, et sur une modélisation de l'appauvrissement d'est en ouest des masses d'air contaminées. La carte proposée, établie suivant la même méthode géostatistique que celle utilisée par la Commission européenne, est cohérente avec les estimations des dépôts de 137Cs dans les pays d'Europe voisins.

Published
2004
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26. Influence des retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl sur l'activité en 137Cs du vin des côtes du Rhône

Author

Renaud, Ph., Colle, C., Louvat, D., and Barker, E.

Abstract

Avec des dépôts de 137Cs dépassant quelquefois 20 000 Bq m-2, certains coteaux de la vallée du Rhône ont été assez fortement touchés par les retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl. C'est le cas à Cornas (Ardèche) près de Valence et à Vinsobres (Vaucluse) au nord de Vaison-la-Romaine. La vigne occupe dans ces régions l'essentiel des surfaces agricoles, pour la production d'un vin réputé. Cette étude montre que les conséquences des retombées de l'accident de Tchernobyl pour les vins de la vallée du Rhône ont été visibles mais très faibles. L'activité en 137Cs du vin produit en 1986 n'a pas atteint 1 Bq/l. Ces conséquences très limitées sont dues à la date des dépôts qui sont intervenus début mai 1986, alors que les vignes développaient à peine leurs premières feuilles. Depuis 1986, l'activité en 137Cs du vin a fortement décru jusqu'à revenir en 2000 à un niveau proche de celle d'avant l'accident : quelques millibecquerels par litre. Le césium ajouté aux sols, dans des proportions pourtant importantes, se trouve essentiellement dans les 20 premiers centimètres et est peu disponible pour les racines de la vigne.

Published
2003
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31. Long-term flux of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs from soil to French rivers: a study on sediment and biological indicators

Author

Vray, F., Debayle, C., and Louvat, D.

Subjects
*AQUATIC plants, *NUCLEAR power plants, *RIVERS, *SOILS
Abstract

Sediment and aquatic plants were collected annually since the early 1990s in the main French rivers, upstream of nuclear power plants. These time series were used in order to assess the parameters of a compartmental model describing the Chernobyl-derived 137Cs flux from soil to rivers. In order to reduce the dispersal of 137Cs measured activities in sediment samples due to the granulometric heterogeneity, a correction method was set up using sediment test-fractions artificially enriched with specific diameter particles. The method was based on 137Cs affinity for fine particles, especially clays, and thus clay and fine silt contents of each sample was analysed. Corrected sediment data showed (1) that the method efficiently reduced the variability; and (2) that 137Cs activities in French rivers decreased with a half-life of 4 to 6 years since 1987 (after correction by radioactive decay). A similar half-life value was obtained for aquatic plants pointing out that this half-life is related to the gradual decay of the flux from soil to rivers, not to the indicator itself. Comparing our results with similar ones published by other authors, it appeared possible that this kinetic varies with the time period over which the study is conducted, the longer the period the lower is the kinetic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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34. Magnitude of fission product depositions from atmospheric nuclear weapon test fallout in France.

Author

Renaud P and Louvat D

Subjects
France epidemiology, Poaceae chemistry, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Protection methods, Rain, Reproducibility of Results, Seasons, Sensitivity and Specificity, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Warfare statistics & numerical data, Radioactive Fallout analysis, Radioisotopes analysis, Radiometry methods, Risk Assessment methods
Abstract

The external dose attributable to fallout from worldwide atmospheric nuclear testing, which represents about 40% of the total effective dose received before 2000, is dominated by specific fission products such as 95Zr, 104Ba, 106Ru, 103Ru, and 144Ce, which are far less well-documented than 90Sr and 137Cs. The depositions of these nuclides over France were calculated on the basis of activity measurements in air and rainwater samples collected from 1961 to 1977. These depositions were then compared to the same radionuclides activities measured in grass during that period. This study shows that the transfer and deposition processes occur in a very similar manner for all the studied radionuclides. Depositions calculated in this study, consistent in most cases with UNSCEAR estimates, constitute a good basis for the external dose assessment of nuclear weapon test fallout over Western Europe.

Published
2004
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35. Plutonium isotopes in the lower reaches of the River Rhône over the period 1945-2000: fluxes towards the Mediterranean Sea and sedimentary inventories.

Author

Eyrolle F, Charmasson S, and Louvat D

Subjects
Disasters, Environmental Monitoring, France, History, 20th Century, Mediterranean Sea, Rivers, Water Movements, Water Supply, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Plutonium analysis, Plutonium history, Radioactive Fallout analysis, Radioactive Fallout history, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive history
Abstract

Plutonium isotopes in the Rhône River originate from both the weathering of the catchment basin contaminated by global atmospheric fallout, and the liquid effluents released from the Marcoule reprocessing plant since 1961. Due to a new treatment process applied to the liquid effluents, a decrease of two orders of magnitude in the industrial plutonium discharged into the River Rhône has been registered from 1991. Today, 238Pu industrial inputs to the River Rhône are still about 10 times higher than those derived from global fallout, while 239+240Pu inputs from industrial and global fallout sources are of similar importance, i.e. 1 GBq y(-1). Our results indicate that the river sedimentary compartment act either as a sink or a delayed-source term of plutonium for the freshwaters depending on the hydraulic regime and flood events. This compartment may then represent an important industrial delayed-source term for the River Rhône freshwaters in the coming years as the Marcoule reprocessing plant is being dismantled. These results were obtained from samples collected from the lower course of the River Rhône over the 1987-1998 period and analysed for 238Pu and 239+240Pu activities. Both river sedimentary inventories of plutonium isotopes and effective outputs from the River Rhône towards the Gulf of Lions have been estimated for each year over the 1945-2000 period. Regarding 239+240Pu, the sedimentary inventory accumulated since 1945 is estimated to be 172+/-35 GBq. If mobile, this amount represents a significant delayed-source term of plutonium on the scale of the Rhône watershed.

Published
2004
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36. Formation of radioactivity enriched soils in mountain areas.

Author

Pourcelot L, Louvat D, Gauthier-Lafaye F, and Stille P

Subjects
Altitude, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Lead Radioisotopes analysis, Plant Leaves, Poaceae, Ukraine, Power Plants, Radioactive Fallout, Radioactive Hazard Release, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
Abstract

A field study was carried out in the Mercantour Mountains at 2200 m altitude to investigate the processes of soil enrichment in atmospheric Chernobyl (137)Cs. Soils with high (137)Cs activities have been collected in the pasture areas with frequently measured (137)Cs activity values of the order of 7000 Bq m(-2). At some single spots (about 6% of the studied area), activity in soils reached 300000 Bq m(-2), which represents 44% of the (137)Cs of the total area. Data further showed that spatial distribution of Cs depends widely on its origin: Chernobyl Cs is mainly concentrated in "enriched" soils, whereas older Cs and (241)Am fallout from nuclear weapons tests (NWTs) and natural atmospheric (210)Pb in soils is less heterogeneously distributed. In order to elucidate the processes which have led to the enrichment in Chernobyl (137)Cs in the Alps in May of 1986, we have studied the repartition of atmospheric (7)Be isotope (half-life=53.3 d) in the pasture compartments (soil, litter, grass, and snow). Snow (7)Be data give evidence that fallout enrichment is related to snow accumulation (snow drift). The transfer of beryllium occurs rapidly to the grass and litter, where the strongest pollutant accumulations were measured. However, (7)Be transport to the soil required more than 8 months.

Published
2003
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