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La violencia es considerada una forma de ejercicio del poder que facilita la dominación, opresión o supremacía a quien la ejerce y una posición de sometimiento o sujeción de quien la sufre. En Ecuador, la violencia provocada en el contexto de confinamiento va en aumento, según El ECU 911 hasta el 17 de abril del año 2020 habían aumentado los casos de violencia en un 47%. Objetivo: Examinar en la literatura sobre la Violencia intrafamiliar frente al confinamiento durante la pandemia Covid-19. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura. La búsqueda se realizó en buscadores oficiales como Science Direct, Redalyc, Scielo, Medigraphic y Scopus. El aumento de violencia intrafamiliar (VI) aumentó en un rango del 28 al 50%. Sólo en Ecuador el incremento de VI aumentó en un 43,4%. Entre los factores que más se asociaron al incremento de VI durante la pandemia del COVID-19 fueron el sexo femenino y el desempleo, otro factor que se identificó, como causante de VI fue el abuso de sustancias, especialmente el alcohol. En conclusión, podemos asegurar de acuerdo con la investigación que la violencia intrafamiliar se incrementó en todo el mundo.

Con la creciente tendencia de uso de internet y smartphones, estos se han ido incorporado como elementos cotidianos en nuestras vidas, teniendo una gran gama de utilidades que nos permiten acceder a una extensa cantidad de información en cuestión de segundos. El desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles para el uso en salud, se convierte en estrategias que ayudan acceder a la información en cualquier parte y momento aportando ventajas al desarrollo del conocimiento. En la actualidad, el mercado de las “Apps” de salud tiene un crecimiento constante y dentro de ellas en temas relacionados con la prescripción de medicamentos como es el caso de los antibióticos. Se desarrolló una aplicación para móviles y tabletas en formato para Android y iOS, esta aplicación contiene un cliente web y móvil multiplataforma, en el cual se ingresa los datos de los antibióticos, microorganismos, enfermedades infecciosas y el proceso de emparejamiento de los mismos con los distintos elementos del sistema, para el modelo de desarrollo se utiliza es análisis, diseño, desarrollo, pruebas y soporte de la aplicación, con una arquitectura sólida y reconocida. La construcción de la app permite la estandarización en el uso de antibióticos sin desconocer la experticia del personal de salud, la aplicación permite disponer de información de manera rápida y confiable para la toma de decisiones al momento de prescribir.

Antipsychotic induced weight gain is a frequent reason for treatment discontinuation in psychosis, subsequently increasing the risk of relapse and negatively affecting patient well-being. The metabolic effect of weight gain and the subsequent risk of obesity constitute a major medical problem on the long term. Despite its consequences, to date few risk factors have been identified (age, gender, body mass index at baseline), with some authors suggesting the implication of early life stressful events, such as perinatal conditions. We aim to describe if a surrogate marker of intrauterine environment (birth weight) might predict weight gain in a cohort of 23 antipsychotic naïve patients at the onset of the psychotic disease evaluated during 16 weeks with olanzapine treatment and in another cohort of 24 psychosis-resistant patients initiating clozapine assessed for 18 weeks. Two independent linear mixed model analyses were performed in each cohort of patients, with prospective weight gain as the dependent variable, age, gender, body mass index, duration of treatment and time as independent variables. Only in naïve patients, weight gain due to antipsychotics was significantly associated with birth weight, while male gender and body mass index at baseline were associated in both cohorts of patients. Treatment-resistant psychotic patients under clozapine were older, had previous antipsychotic treatment and more years of disease, confounders that might have influence a non significant association. Our results suggest that early environmental events might be playing a role in weight evolution in naïve patients treated with antipsychotics.

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain has been especially related to clozapine and olanzapine. Underlying mechanisms in relation to food preferences with an increased food craving and consumption of specific nutrients have not been extensively studied in patients with serious mental illness (SMI). We aim to describe specific food preferences (craving) and subsequent food consumption in SMI patients starting clozapine, as well as their possible relation to weight and body mass index (BMI). An observational prospective follow-up study (18 weeks) was conducted in a cohort of 34 SMI patients who started clozapine due to resistant-psychotic symptoms. Anthropometric measures, Food Craving Inventory (FCI), and a food consumption frequency questionnaire were evaluated at baseline, weeks 8 and 18 of treatment. Statistical analysis included generalized estimating equations models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. No longitudinal changes over time were found across the different food craving scores after 18 weeks of treatment. However, adjusted models according to BMI status showed that the normal weight (NW) group presented an increased score for the “complex carbohydrates/proteins” food cravings (− 0.67; 95% CI [− 1.15, − 0.19]; P = 0.010), while baseline scores for “fast-food fats” cravings were significantly higher in the overweight/obese (OWO) group in comparison with NW patients (NW, 2.05; 95% CI [1.60, 2.49]; OWO, 2.81, 95% CI [2.37, 3.25]; P = 0.016). When considering if food craving could predict weight gain, only increments in “fast-food fats” cravings were associated (β = − 5.35 ± 1.67; 95% CI [− 8.64, − 2.06]; P = 0.001). No longitudinal differences were found for any of the food craving scores evaluated; however, in the NW group, food craving for “complex carbohydrates/proteins” changed. Thus, changes in “fast-food fats” cravings predicted weight increase in this sample. Interventions targeting food preferences may help to mitigate weight gain in patients starting treatment with clozapine.

This article describes the execution of the didactic innovation project proposed at Uniandes University in the city of Ambato in the Republic of Ecuador. This has as objective: propose a new educational model entirely supported by the called 4.0 technology to achieve ubiquitous learning in the educational institution. Specifically, it deals with the problems related to vocational training, not aimed at achieving competencies for efficient job performance in the future. Also, the conflictive situation is associated with the low level of technological management by teachers as well as total ignorance about technology 4.0. The research was developed among the students, and professors of the University, initially, a theoretical foundation was made related to didactic models, technology 4.0, ubiquitous learning. In the end, a techno-alternative didactic model is proposed, fully supported by 4.0 technology applied through computers, and mobile devices.

A new genus and species of Hypselosomatinae (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha), Hypsotsijilia bretoni Cifuentes-Ruiz and Brailovsky gen. nov., sp. nov. is herein described based on a female specimen. It represents the first fossil record of Schizopteridae in the early Miocene amber from Chiapas, Mexico. It is compared with related taxa and the estuarine paleoenvironment is discussed, matching the one previously cited for the subfamily in other estuarine amber deposits.

HP1 is a structural component of heterochromatin. Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. Analysis of Hp1α-/-, Hp1β-/-, and Hp1γ-/- MEFs show that HP1 proteins have both redundant and unique functions within pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) and also act globally throughout the genome. HP1α confines H4K20me3 and H3K27me3 to regions within PCH, while its absence results in a global hyper-compaction of chromatin associated with a specific pattern of mitotic defects. In contrast, HP1β is functionally associated with Suv4-20h2 and H4K20me3, and its loss induces global chromatin decompaction and an abnormal enrichment of CTCF in PCH and other genomic regions. Our work provides insight into the roles of HP1 proteins in heterochromatin structure and genome stability. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (SAF2011-25860 and SAF2014-55964R to A.V.) and cofunded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)-a way to build Europe, the Catalan Government Agency AGAUR (2009SGR-914 and 2014SGR-400 to A.V.), HGINJ (to L.S.), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1064 to G.S.), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (MOP-97878 to J.A.).

Amber inclusions of fully aquatic animals are rare, most of them isolated specimens of water-bound insect larvae. In contrast, we here describe an ample, speciose fauna of 262 fully aquatic individuals of Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Mexican amber of Early Miocene age. This fauna was trapped whilst under water swimming around trunks of resin-producing trees in a brackish lagoon. Ostracod crustaceans are typically around a millimeter in length, and are known for their mostly well-calcified bivalved carapaces that account for their unparalleled fossil record in arthropods. However, in the Chiapas amber we found representatives of the tribe Thalassocypridini, which are characterised by lightly calcified carapaces and therefore lack a substantial fossil record. Embedded in amber, this ‘drawback’ becomes a clear benefit because the unobstructed view onto the appendages otherwise hidden in the carapace allowed us to identify nine ostracod species, six of them new to science. The exceptional number of indi...

In recent years, the number of people reaching stages of ageing has increased considerably, reflecting a serious public problem. It is not enough to reach long ages, but to guarantee the integral care and attention of each individual. Thus, taking into consideration the difficulties faced by the elderly, States implement social security programs that seek to support their development. Ecuador follows this trend and presents proposals that address a number of fundamental rights, which are considered priority health care services. Although the measures implemented maintain the health, this reality changes when moving from an urban to a rural scenario. This is justified by the fact that in Ecuador, specialists who care for the elderly constantly change their location and, therefore, their patients, rather than maintaining a non-standardized data record on paper, causing inefficiency and waste of time. For these reasons, this article explains a proposal for a mobile application that seeks to standardize and digitalize the collection of medical data from the elderly in rural areas in order to increase the efficiency of current medical processes.

"The second fossil isopod from Iran is herein reported. Additional specimens of the small lobster Huhatanka iranica Bahrami and Vega in Yazdi et al. (2010) are also revised. The afore-mentioned allows differentiating this species from the only other known species, H. kiowana (Scott, 1970) from the Albian of Kansas, USA. Some indeterminate callianassoids, found associated with the isopod and H. iranica, are also reported."

Este artículo presenta una guía para el diseño de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (OVA), también conocidos como intermediarios pedagógicos, utilizan las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), diseñados para un propósito en general, orientar a los docentes en mejorar el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje, son herramientas que permiten implementar nuevas e innovadoras estrategias didácticas. El objetivo es describir el desarrollo de un OVA sobre Cefalometría, que brinde conocimiento de una manera didáctica a los estudiantes de Odontología. Metodología: estudio metodológico del desarrollo del sitio web, el diseño de la aplicación se realizó a través de dos fases, la primera recopiló información teórica, se elaboró material educativo y la otra donde se llevó a cabo la elaboración de la aplicación utilizando el modelo de diseño instruccional (análisis, diseño, desarrollo e implementación), tomando en consideración los requerimientos. Resultados: el objeto virtual, disponible en formato SCORM que aporta material textual, visual, y auditivo, su desarrollo se logró a través de la utilización de herramientas Exelearning y la plataforma Moodle, cuenta con un cuestionario donde se pone a prueba los conocimientos adquiridos. Conclusión: la metodología utilizada permitió el desarrollo del OVA, puede ser utilizado como herramienta para guiar y permitir una mayor retención del conocimiento, permitiendo que el proceso de enseñanza –aprendizaje se facilite tanto a los estudiantes como al profesor, es necesario la elaboración de nuevos OVAS en las distintas cátedras de la odontologí.

Sirtuins are key players in the response to oxidative, metabolic and genotoxic stress, and are involved in genome stability, metabolic homeostasis and aging. Originally described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, some sirtuins are also characterized by a poorly understood mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (mADPRT) activity. Here we report that the deacetylase SirT7 is a dual sirtuin as it also features auto-mADPRT activity. Molecular and structural evidence suggests that this novel activity occurs at a second previously undefined active site that is physically separated in another domain. Specific abrogation of this activity alters SirT7 chromatin distribution, suggesting a role for this modification in SirT7 chromatin binding specificity. We uncover an epigenetic pathway by which ADP-ribosyl-SirT7 is recognized by the ADP-ribose reader macroH2A1.1, a histone variant involved in chromatin organization, metabolism and differentiation. Glucose starvation (GS) boosts this interaction and promotes SirT7 relocalization to intergenic regions in a macroH2A1-dependent manner. Both SirT7 activities are in turn required to promote GS-dependent enrichment of macroH2A1 in a subset of nearby genes, which results in their specific up- or downregulation. Consistently, the expression changes of these genes associated to calorie restriction (CR) or aging are abrogated in SirT7-/- mice, reinforcing the link between Sirtuins, CR and aging. Our work provides a novel perspective about sirtuin duality and suggests a key role for SirT7/macroH2A1.1 axis in mammalian glucose homeostasis, calorie restriction signaling and aging.

Currently, the Peracarida contains important crustacean groups, such as Isopoda or Amphipoda, that incubate their young in a brood pouch. However, the fossil record of Peracarida is rather poor and the evolutionary pathways leading to their remarkable reproductive strategy are incompletely documented. In this study, we describe the first fossil evidence of extended brood care in Peracarida, based on two Oniscidea (Isopoda) gravid females preserved in Miocene Chiapas amber from Mexico. These adult specimens are preserved with several mancas at a terminal stage of development, some remaining trapped in the marsupial structures of the adults. The well-preserved adults and mancas are described and assigned to the family ‘Philosciidae’, currently one of the most diverse and abundant oniscidean families in tropical biotopes and wetlands habitats. A new genus – Aquitanoscia gen. nov. – and two new species – Aquitanoscia chiapasensis sp. nov. and A. maternus sp. nov. – are figured and described. Finally, the phys...

Sirtuins, a family of protein deacetylases, promote cellular homeostasis by mediating communication between cells and environment. The enzymatic activity of the mammalian sirtuin SIRT7 targets acetylated lysine in the N‐terminal tail of histone H3 (H3K18Ac), thus modulating chromatin structure and transcriptional competency. SIRT7 deletion is associated with reduced lifespan in mice through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that SirT7‐knockout mice suffer from partial embryonic lethality and a progeroid‐like phenotype. Consistently, SIRT7‐deficient cells display increased replication stress and impaired DNA repair. SIRT7 is recruited in a PARP1‐dependent manner to sites of DNA damage, where it modulates H3K18Ac levels. H3K18Ac in turn affects recruitment of the damage response factor 53BP1 to DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), thereby influencing the efficiency of non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). These results reveal a direct role for SIRT7 in DSB repair and establish a functional link between SIRT7‐mediated H3K18 deacetylation and the maintenance of genome integrity.

Long interspersed elements-1 (LINE-1, L1) are retrotransposons that hold the capacity of self-propagation in the genome with potential mutagenic outcomes. How somatic cells restrict L1 activity and how this process becomes dysfunctional during aging and in cancer cells is poorly understood. L1s are enriched at lamin-associated domains, heterochromatic regions of the nuclear periphery. Whether this association is necessary for their repression has been elusive. Here we show that the sirtuin family member SIRT7 participates in the epigenetic transcriptional repression of L1 genome-wide in both mouse and human cells. SIRT7 depletion leads to increased L1 expression and retrotransposition. Mechanistically, we identify a novel interplay between SIRT7 and Lamin A/C in L1 repression. Our results demonstrate that SIRT7-mediated H3K18 deacetylation regulates L1 expression and promotes L1 association with elements of the nuclear lamina. The failure of such activity might contribute to the observed genome instability and compromised viability in SIRT7 knockout mice. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of SIRT7 on chromatin organization by mediating the anchoring of L1 to the nuclear envelope, and a new functional link of the nuclear lamina with transcriptional repression.

The blind fossil amphipod, Caecorchestia bousfieldi, Hegna and Lazo-Wasem, new genus and species, is described from the lower Miocene Campo La Granja amber mines in Chiapas, Mexico, based on more than 130 specimens in diverse states of preservation. It is the second amphipod species to be described from Chiapas amber. C. bousfieldi belongs to the Talitridae, a family of amphipods that have successfully colonized terrestrial habitats. Exactly how fully terrestrial Caecorchestia bousfieldi was is unclear, and its blindness likely indicates that it occupied a cryptic habitat. A review of the amphipod fossil record is given which demonstrates that the amphipods first appeared as fossils in the Eocene.

Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases, that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes including genome homeostasis and metabolism. Sirtuins are expressed in human and mouse oocytes yet their role during female gamete development are not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of a mammalian sirtuin member, SIRT7, in oocytes using a mouse knockout (KO) model. Sirt7 KO females have compromised fecundity characterized by a rapid fertility decline with age, suggesting the existence of a diminished oocyte pool. Accordingly, Sirt7 KO females produced fewer oocytes and ovulated fewer eggs. Because of the documented role of SIRT7 in DNA repair, we investigated whether SIRT7 regulates prophase I when meiotic recombination occurs. Sirt7 KO pachynema-like staged oocytes had approximately two-fold increased γH2AX signals associated with regions with unsynapsed chromosomes. Consistent with the presence of asynaptic chromosome regions, Sirt7 KO oocytes had fewer MLH1 foci (~one less), a mark of crossover-mediated repair, than WT oocytes. Moreover, this reduced level of crossing over is consistent with an observed two-fold increased incidence of aneuploidy in Metaphase II eggs. In addition, we found that acetylated lysine 18 of histone H3 (H3K18ac), an established SIRT7 substrate, was increased at asynaptic chromosome regions suggesting a functional relationship between this epigenetic mark and chromosome synapsis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a pivotal role for SIRT7 in oocyte meiosis by promoting chromosome synapsis and have unveiled the importance of SIRT7 as novel regulator of the reproductive lifespan.