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International audience; The IRSL dating method has been applied to K-feldspars (150-250 microns) from littoral deposits (marine and dune sands, lagoonal silt) in the Agadir area, belonging to three successive raised Pleistocene paleoshorelines, assigned to the Ouljian (MIS 5), the Agadirian (MIS 7/9?) and the Maarifian (MIS 11?) stages. These IRSL ages are compared with (1) U/Th ages measured on mollusc shells and (2) D/L ratio on Patella. The IRSL ages of the Ouljian sandy marine samples collected at Aghroud (+ 5 m a.s.l) and Tamraght (+ 4 m a.s.l.) are in good agreement with the U-Th ages on molluscs and comfort thereby the MIS 5 age of these marine deposits. The IRSL ages of the marine and dune sand deposits obtained at Agadir Founti (previous “Agadir-Port”), the type locality for the Agadirian formation, demonstrate that the younger Agadirian beach (+ 20–25 m a.s.l.) is correlated with MIS 7, in agreement with the U/Th ages and the amino-acid data. The older Agadirian beach, presently inaccessible, could not be dated by IRSL but mollusc shells previously collected yield a U/Th age which might suggest a correlation with early MIS 9 (?). The preliminary IRSL age of the lagoonal silt deposit collected at Assif Lamahyane suggests a MIS 11 age.; La méthode de datation IRSL sur feldspaths-K (150–250 microns) a été appliquée aux dépôts littoraux (sables marin et dunaire, limon lagunaire) de la région d’Agadir, associés à trois paléorivages pléistocènes étagés attribués à l’Ouljien (MIS 5), à l’Agadirien (MIS 7/9?) et au Maarifien (MIS 11?). Ces âges IRSL sont comparés (1) aux âges U/Th mesurés sur coquilles de mollusques et (2) aux rapports D/L sur Patella. (1). Les âges IRSL des sables marins ouljiens échantillonnés à Aghroud (+ 5 m a.s.l) et Tamraght (+ 4 m a.s.l.) sont en accord avec les âges U/Th sur mollusques et confortent ainsi l’âge MIS 5 de ces dépôts marins. Les âges IRSL des sables marin et dunaire obtenus à Agadir-Founti (ex « Agadir-Port »), localité type de l’étage agadirien, démontrent l’appartenance de la plage agadirienne la plus récente (+ 20–25 m a.s.l.) au MIS 7, en accord avec les âges U/Th et les données des acides aminés. La plage agadirienne la plus ancienne, aujourd’hui inaccessible, n’a pas pu être datée par IRSL, mais les coquilles de mollusques prélevées antérieurement ont donné un âge U/Th qui pourrait suggérer une corrélation au début du MIS 9 (?). L’âge IRSL préliminaire du limon lagunaire échantillonné à Assif Lamahyane suggère un âge MIS 11.

Cet article propose un essai de compréhension de l’espèce de violence avec laquelle une partie importante de l’opinion québécoise s’indigne contre la religion, la sienne propre, le catholicisme dont la trace vivante achève de disparaitre, et l’élargit en la transférant à la religion de l’Autre, l’islam plus visible d’une partie de l’immigration nouvelle. Il fait l’hypothèse que le cul-de-sac identitaire dont il part manifeste l’ambivalence d’un segment important de la majorité d’ascendance canadienne-française à l’égard de ce qui fut LA religion, SA religion. La recomposition néonationaliste de l’identité au cours du dernier demi-siècle gravite maintenant autour du vocable « Québécois », qui traduit à la fois la nouveauté de l’espace géopolitique primordial (sinon exclusif) et celle de la citoyenneté inclusive qui assigne un statut civique à tous ses habitants anciens et nouveaux. Ce vocable dissimule donc au moins deux marqueurs identitaires, qui ont été refoulés hors du discours public portant sur l’identité : l’ethnicité religieuse et l’appartenance au grand espace de l’Amérique française et canadienne. Le Québécois d’aujourd’hui passe à la trappe le Canadien français d’hier. Ce texte vise à clarifier les strates de la mémoire identitaire et son rôle obscur dans les débats actuels., This article aims to understand the indignation of a good part of the Quebec population against religion—starting with its own religion, Catholicism, whose traces are nearly disappearing, to that of the Other, Islam, which is more visible among the new wave of immigration. It posits the hypothesis that this impasse in identity building manifests the ambivalence of this segment of the population, which is mostly of French-Canadian descent, towards what was the religion, or its religion. Seemingly on a road to nowhere, this phenomenon is part and parcel of the current process of identity production. This process, which is still in the making, represents the vanishing of not only the religious component of the French-Canadian identity but also of the broader, traditional North American and Canadian frame of reference. The neo-nationalist recomposition of identity during the last half century has revolved around the term “Québécois,” which denotes the geopolitical space as being crucial, if not exclusive, and around the notion of inclusive citizenship, which assigns a citizenship status to all inhabitants, old and new alike. This term therefore conceals at least two identity markers that have emerged from the public discourse about identity: religious ethnicity and membership to the broader territory of French Canada, Canada or North America. The identity of today’s Quebecker has come to consume that of all French Canadians. This article seeks to clarify the various layers of identity memory, including its obscure role in current debates and to, in conclusion, propose essential steps for a collective future.

The study of geomagnetic excursions is key for understanding the behavior of the magnetic field of the Earth. In this paper, we present the geomagnetic record in a 2.29-m-long continuous core sampled in a flowstone in Liguria (Italy) and dated to the Lower Brunhes. The cored flowstone developed from Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 13 to MIS 7, according to 21 U-series dates. The mean growth rate is closely related to glacial and interglacial isotopic stages. Magnetic remanence was measured using u-channel and deconvolved. Four geomagnetic excursions were recorded at the same location, in a single flowstone, during interglacial MIS 11 and 13; Basura 1, 2, 3 and 4, at depths of 213 cm, 181, 160 and 92 cm, respectively. Due to the uncertainties of U-Th dating, the timing of the three events, namely Basura 1, 2 and 3 overlaps. The Basura 4 is well-dated to 417 + −7/8 ka and is clearly distinguishable from the others. It should therefore be considered as a possible excursion.