Search

Your search keyword '"Louail, Thomas"' showing total 99 results
Start Over Author "Louail, Thomas"
99 results on '"Louail, Thomas"'

1. Do Recommender Systems Promote Local Music? A Reproducibility Study Using Music Streaming Data

Author

Matrosova, Kristina, Marey, Lilian, Salha-Galvan, Guillaume, Louail, Thomas, Bodini, Olivier, and Moussallam, Manuel

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Computer Science - Databases, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

This paper examines the influence of recommender systems on local music representation, discussing prior findings from an empirical study on the LFM-2b public dataset. This prior study argued that different recommender systems exhibit algorithmic biases shifting music consumption either towards or against local content. However, LFM-2b users do not reflect the diverse audience of music streaming services. To assess the robustness of this study's conclusions, we conduct a comparative analysis using proprietary listening data from a global music streaming service, which we publicly release alongside this paper. We observe significant differences in local music consumption patterns between our dataset and LFM-2b, suggesting that caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions on local music based solely on LFM-2b. Moreover, we show that the algorithmic biases exhibited in the original work vary in our dataset, and that several unexplored model parameters can significantly influence these biases and affect the study's conclusion on both datasets. Finally, we discuss the complexity of accurately labeling local music, emphasizing the risk of misleading conclusions due to unreliable, biased, or incomplete labels. To encourage further research and ensure reproducibility, we have publicly shared our dataset and code.

Published
2024

2. Exploring the spatial segmentation of housing markets from online listings

Author

Abella, David, Martínez, Johann H., Mazzoli, Mattia, Corre, Thibault Le, Migozzi, Julien, Alonso-Paulí, Eduard, Crespí-Cladera, Rafel, Louail, Thomas, and Ramasco, José J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The real estate market shows an inherent connection to space. Real estate agencies unevenly operate and specialize across space, price and type of properties, thereby segmenting the market into submarkets. We introduce here a methodology based on multipartite networks to detect the spatial segmentation emerging from data on housing online listings. Considering the spatial information of the listings, we build a bipartite network that connects agencies and spatial units. This bipartite network is projected into a network of spatial units, whose connections account for similarities in the agency ecosystem. We then apply clustering methods to this network to segment markets into spatially-coherent regions, which are found to be robust across different clustering detection algorithms, discretization of space and spatial scales, and across countries with case studies in France and Spain. This methodology addresses the long-standing issue of housing market segmentation, relevant in disciplines such as urban studies and spatial economics, and with implications for policymaking., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

3. Uplifting Interviews in Social Science with Individual Data Visualization: the case of Music Listening

Author

Cura, Robin, Beaumont, Amélie, Beuscart, Jean-Samuel, Coavoux, Samuel, de Fozières, Noé Latreille, Bigot, Brenda Le, Renisio, Yann, Moussallam, Manuel, and Louail, Thomas

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Collecting accurate and fine-grain information about the music people like, dislike and actually listen to has long been a challenge for sociologists. As millions of people now use online music streaming services, research can build upon the individual listening history data that are collected by these platforms. Individual interviews in particular can benefit from such data, by allowing the interviewers to immerse themselves in the musical universe of consenting respondents, and thus ask them contextualized questions and get more precise answers. Designing a visual exploration tool allowing such an immersion is however difficult, because of the volume and heterogeneity of the listening data, the unequal "visual literacy" of the prospective users, or the interviewers' potential lack of knowledge of the music listened to by the respondents. In this case study we discuss the design and evaluation of such a tool. Designed with social scientists, its purpose is to help them in preparing and conducting semi-structured interviews that address various aspects of the listening experience. It was evaluated during thirty interviews with consenting users of a streaming platform in France., Comment: Preprint of the paper to be presented at ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'22), Case Studies track, 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. A dominance tree approach to systems of cities

Author

Louail, Thomas and Barthelemy, Marc

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Characterizing the spatial organization of urban systems is a challenge which points to the more general problem of describing marked point processes in spatial statistics. We propose a non-parametric method that goes beyond standard tools of point pattern analysis and which is based on a mapping between the points and a "dominance tree", constructed from a recursive analysis of their Voronoi tessellation. Using toy models, we show that the height of a node in this tree encodes both its mark and the structure of its neighborhood, reflecting its importance in the system. We use historical population data in France (1876-2018) and the US (1880-2010) and show that the method highlights multiscale urban dynamics experienced by these countries. These include non-monotonous city trajectories in the US, as revealed by the evolution of their height in the tree. We show that the height of a city in the tree is less sensitive to different statistical definitions of cities than its rank in the urban hierarchy. The method also captures the attraction basins of cities at successive scales, and while in both countries these basin sizes become more homogeneous at larger scales, they are also more heterogeneous in France than in the US. Finally, we introduce a simple graphical representation - the height clock - that monitors the evolution of the role of each city in its country., Comment: Final published version (11 pages, 5 figures)

Published
2022

5. Follow the guides: disentangling human and algorithmic curation in online music consumption

Author

Villermet, Quentin, Poiroux, Jérémie, Moussallam, Manuel, Louail, Thomas, and Roth, Camille

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

The role of recommendation systems in the diversity of content consumption on platforms is a much-debated issue. The quantitative state of the art often overlooks the existence of individual attitudes toward guidance, and eventually of different categories of users in this regard. Focusing on the case of music streaming, we analyze the complete listening history of about 9k users over one year and demonstrate that there is no blanket answer to the intertwinement of recommendation use and consumption diversity: it depends on users. First we compute for each user the relative importance of different access modes within their listening history, introducing a trichotomy distinguishing so-called `organic' use from algorithmic and editorial guidance. We thereby identify four categories of users. We then focus on two scales related to content diversity, both in terms of dispersion -- how much users consume the same content repeatedly -- and popularity -- how popular is the content they consume. We show that the two types of recommendation offered by music platforms -- algorithmic and editorial -- may drive the consumption of more or less diverse content in opposite directions, depending also strongly on the type of users. Finally, we compare users' streaming histories with the music programming of a selection of popular French radio stations during the same period. While radio programs are usually more tilted toward repetition than users' listening histories, they often program more songs from less popular artists. On the whole, our results highlight the nontrivial effects of platform-mediated recommendation on consumption, and lead us to speak of `filter niches' rather than `filter bubbles'. They hint at further ramifications for the study and design of recommendation systems., Comment: (c) The Authors 2021. To be published in Proc. 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys '21), Sep 27-Oct 1, 2021, Amsterdam, NL. 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. This is the authors' version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Human Mobility: Models and Applications

Author

Barbosa-Filho, Hugo, Barthelemy, Marc, Ghoshal, Gourab, James, Charlotte R., Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Menezes, Ronaldo, Ramasco, José J., Simini, Filippo, and Tomasini, Marcello

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of extensive geolocated datasets related to human movement, enabling scientists to quantitatively study individual and collective mobility patterns, and to generate models that can capture and reproduce the spatiotemporal structures and regularities in human trajectories. The study of human mobility is especially important for applications such as estimating migratory flows, traffic forecasting, urban planning, and epidemic modeling. In this survey, we review the approaches developed to reproduce various mobility patterns, with the main focus on recent developments. This review can be used both as an introduction to the fundamental modeling principles of human mobility, and as a collection of technical methods applicable to specific mobility-related problems. The review organizes the subject by differentiating between individual and population mobility and also between short-range and long-range mobility. Throughout the text the description of the theory is intertwined with real-world applications., Comment: 126 pages, 45+ figures

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Headphones on the wire

Author

Louail, Thomas and Barthelemy, Marc

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

We analyze a dataset providing the complete information on the effective plays of thousands of music listeners during several months. Our analysis confirms a number of properties previously highlighted by research based on interviews and questionnaires, but also uncover new statistical patterns, both at the individual and collective levels. In particular, we show that individuals follow common listening rhythms characterized by the same fluctuations, alternating heavy and light listening periods, and can be classified in four groups of similar sizes according to their temporal habits --- 'early birds', 'working hours listeners', 'evening listeners' and 'night owls'. We provide a detailed radioscopy of the listeners' interplay between repeated listening and discovery of new content. We show that different genres encourage different listening habits, from Classical or Jazz music with a more balanced listening among different songs, to Hip Hop and Dance with a more heterogeneous distribution of plays. Finally, we provide measures of how distant people are from each other in terms of common songs. In particular, we show that the number of songs $S$ a DJ should play to a random audience of size $N$ such that everyone hears at least one song he/she currently listens to, is of the form $S\sim N^\alpha$ where the exponent depends on the music genre and is in the range $[0.5,0.8]$. More generally, our results show that the recent access to virtually infinite catalogs of songs does not promote exploration for novelty, but that most users favor repetition of the same songs., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures + SI (13 pages and 13 Supplementary figures)

Published
2017

9. Is spatial information in ICT data reliable?

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Barthelemy, Marc, and Ramasco, José J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

An increasing number of human activities are studied using data produced by individuals' ICT devices. In particular, when ICT data contain spatial information, they represent an invaluable source for analyzing urban dynamics. However, there have been relatively few contributions investigating the robustness of this type of results against fluctuations of data characteristics. Here, we present a stability analysis of higher-level information extracted from mobile phone data passively produced during an entire year by 9 million individuals in Senegal. We focus on two information-retrieval tasks: (a) the identification of land use in the region of Dakar from the temporal rhythms of the communication activity; (b) the identification of home and work locations of anonymized individuals, which enable to construct Origin-Destination (OD) matrices of commuting flows. Our analysis reveal that the uncertainty of results highly depends on the sample size, the scale and the period of the year at which the data were gathered. Nevertheless, the spatial distributions of land use computed for different samples are remarkably robust: on average, we observe more than 75% of shared surface area between the different spatial partitions when considering activity of at least 100,000 users whatever the scale. The OD matrix is less stable and depends on the scale with a share of at least 75% of commuters in common when considering all types of flows constructed from the home-work locations of 100,000 users. For both tasks, better results can be obtained at larger levels of aggregation or by considering more users. These results confirm that ICT data are very useful sources for the spatial analysis of urban systems, but that their reliability should in general be tested more thoroughly., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures + Appendix, Extended version of the conference paper published in the proceedings of the 2016 Spatial Accuracy Conference, p 9-17, Montpellier, France

Published
2016

10. Crowdsourcing the Robin Hood effect in cities

Author

Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Arias, Juan Murillo, and Ramasco, José J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Socioeconomic inequalities in cities are embedded in space and result in neighborhood effects, whose harmful consequences have proved very hard to counterbalance efficiently by planning policies alone. Considering redistribution of money flows as a first step toward improved spatial equity, we study a bottom-up approach that would rely on a slight evolution of shopping mobility practices. Building on a database of anonymized credit card transactions in Madrid and Barcelona, we quantify the mobility effort required to reach a reference situation where commercial income is evenly shared among neighborhoods. The redirections of shopping trips preserve key properties of human mobility, including travel distances. Surprisingly, for both cities only a small fraction ($\sim 5 \%$) of trips need to be altered to reach equity situations, improving even other sustainability indicators. The method could be implemented in mobile applications that would assist individuals in reshaping their shopping practices, to promote the spatial redistribution of opportunities in the city., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures + Appendix

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Comparing and modeling land use organization in cities

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantú-Ros, Oliva G., Louail, Thomas, Herranz, Ricardo, Barthelemy, Marc, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, Miguel, Maxi San, and Ramasco, José J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The advent of geolocated ICT technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data is scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determine land use patterns from mobile phone records. The versatility of the method allows us to run a systematic comparison between Spanish cities of various sizes. The method detects four major land use types that correspond to different temporal patterns. The proportion of these types, their spatial organization and scaling show a strong similarity between all cities that breaks down at a very local scale, where land use mixing is specific to each urban area. Finally, we introduce a model inspired by Schelling's segregation, able to explain and reproduce these results with simple interaction rules between different land uses., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures + Supplementary information

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Uncovering the spatial structure of mobility networks

Author

Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantú, Oliva García, Herranz, Ricardo, Frias-Martinez, Enrique, Ramasco, José J., and Barthelemy, Marc

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

The extraction of a clear and simple footprint of the structure of large, weighted and directed networks is a general problem that has many applications. An important example is given by origin-destination matrices which contain the complete information on commuting flows, but are difficult to analyze and compare. We propose here a versatile method which extracts a coarse-grained signature of mobility networks, under the form of a $2\times 2$ matrix that separates the flows into four categories. We apply this method to origin-destination matrices extracted from mobile phone data recorded in thirty-one Spanish cities. We show that these cities essentially differ by their proportion of two types of flows: integrated (between residential and employment hotspots) and random flows, whose importance increases with city size. Finally the method allows to determine categories of networks, and in the mobility case to classify cities according to their commuting structure., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures +Supplementary information

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on human mobility

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu-Ros, Oliva G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Arias, Juan Murillo, Barthelemy, Marc, Miguel, Maxi San, and Ramasco, Jose J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation. Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into account for mobility and epidemiological modelization., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures + Supplementary information

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Cross-checking different sources of mobility information

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantu-Ros, Oliva G., Tugores, Antonia, Louail, Thomas, Herranz, Ricardo, Barthelemy, Marc, Frias-Martinez, Enrique, and Ramasco, Jose J.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

The pervasive use of new mobile devices has allowed a better characterization in space and time of human concentrations and mobility in general. Besides its theoretical interest, describing mobility is of great importance for a number of practical applications ranging from the forecast of disease spreading to the design of new spaces in urban environments. While classical data sources, such as surveys or census, have a limited level of geographical resolution (e.g., districts, municipalities, counties are typically used) or are restricted to generic workdays or weekends, the data coming from mobile devices can be precisely located both in time and space. Most previous works have used a single data source to study human mobility patterns. Here we perform instead a cross-check analysis by comparing results obtained with data collected from three different sources: Twitter, census and cell phones. The analysis is focused on the urban areas of Barcelona and Madrid, for which data of the three types is available. We assess the correlation between the datasets on different aspects: the spatial distribution of people concentration, the temporal evolution of people density and the mobility patterns of individuals. Our results show that the three data sources are providing comparable information. Even though the representativeness of Twitter geolocated data is lower than that of mobile phone and census data, the correlations between the population density profiles and mobility patterns detected by the three datasets are close to one in a grid with cells of 2x2 and 1x1 square kilometers. This level of correlation supports the feasibility of interchanging the three data sources at the spatio-temporal scales considered., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 appendix with 7 figures

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. From mobile phone data to the spatial structure of cities

Author

Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Cantú, Oliva García, Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Frias-Martinez, Enrique, Ramasco, José J., and Barthelemy, Marc

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Pervasive infrastructures, such as cell phone networks, enable to capture large amounts of human behavioral data but also provide information about the structure of cities and their dynamical properties. In this article, we focus on these last aspects by studying phone data recorded during 55 days in 31 Spanish metropolitan areas. We first define an urban dilatation index which measures how the average distance between individuals evolves during the day, allowing us to highlight different types of city structure. We then focus on hotspots, the most crowded places in the city. We propose a parameter free method to detect them and to test the robustness of our results. The number of these hotspots scales sublinearly with the population size, a result in agreement with previous theoretical arguments and measures on employment datasets. We study the lifetime of these hotspots and show in particular that the hierarchy of permanent ones, which constitute the "heart" of the city, is very stable whatever the size of the city. The spatial structure of these hotspots is also of interest and allows us to distinguish different categories of cities, from monocentric and "segregated" where the spatial distribution is very dependent on land use, to polycentric where the spatial mixing between land uses is much more important. These results point towards the possibility of a new, quantitative classification of cities using high resolution spatio-temporal data., Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. The MAELIA Multi-Agent Platform for Integrated Analysis of Interactions Between Agricultural Land-Use and Low-Water Management Strategies

Author

Gaudou, Benoit, Sibertin-Blanc, Christophe, Therond, Olivier, Amblard, Frédéric, Auda, Yves, Arcangeli, Jean-Paul, Balestrat, Maud, Charron-Moirez, Marie-Hélène, Gondet, Etienne, Hong, Yi, Lardy, Romain, Louail, Thomas, Mayor, Eunate, Panzoli, David, Sauvage, Sabine, Sánchez-Pérez, José-Miguel, Taillandier, Patrick, Van Bai, Nguyen, Vavasseur, Maroussia, Mazzega, Pierre, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Alam, Shah Jamal, editor, and Parunak, H. Van Dyke, editor

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. From Biological to Urban Cells: Lessons from Three Multilevel Agent-Based Models

Author

Gil-Quijano, Javier, Louail, Thomas, Hutzler, Guillaume, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Desai, Nirmit, editor, Liu, Alan, editor, and Winikoff, Michael, editor

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Depict or Discern ? Fingerprinting Musical Taste

Author

Matrosova, Kristina, Moussallam, Manuel, Louail, Thomas, Bodini, Olivier, Louail, Thomas, and pRatiques dEs publiCs des platefORmes De Streaming musical - - RECORDS2019 - ANR-19-CE38-0013 - AAPG2019 - VALID

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-CY] Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], [INFO.INFO-SI] Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], PARIS team, [INFO.INFO-IR] Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], POSTER
Abstract

We try to build a musical taste fingerprint based on declared preferences of users from a music streaming service. We propose two distinct methods, that turn out to be conflicting : one that captures the uniqueness,and one that pictures the very essence of one's preferences.

Published
2022

24. Follow the guides to the filter niches -- Disentangling human and algorithmic curation in online music consumption

Author

Villermet, Quentin, Poiroux, Jérémie, Moussallam, Manuel, Louail, Thomas, Roth, Camille, Centre Marc Bloch (CMB), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deezer, Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, PARIS team, COM, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

27. Le rayonnement culturel des musées parisiens, une analyse par les big data. Le cas de Twitter

Author

Barthelemy, Marc, Carra, Giulia, Gallotti, Riccardo, Louail, Thomas, Louf, Rémi, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique sociales (CAMS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Appel à projets 'Paris 2030' de la Mairie de Paris, édition 2014, Mairie de Paris, CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CNRS, EHESS, Groupe de recherche QuantUrb (Quantitative Urbanism) - www.quanturb.com, and Louail, Thomas

Subjects
[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Published
2017

28. Human mobility: Models and applications

Author

Department of the Army (US), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Barbosa, Hugo, Barthelemy, Marc, Ghoshal, Gourab, James, Charlotte R., Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Menezes, Ronaldo, Ramasco, José J., Simini, Filippo, Tomasini, Marcello, Department of the Army (US), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Barbosa, Hugo, Barthelemy, Marc, Ghoshal, Gourab, James, Charlotte R., Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Menezes, Ronaldo, Ramasco, José J., Simini, Filippo, and Tomasini, Marcello

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of extensive geolocated datasets related to human movement, enabling scientists to quantitatively study individual and collective mobility patterns, and to generate models that can capture and reproduce the spatiotemporal structures and regularities in human trajectories. The study of human mobility is especially important for applications such as estimating migratory flows, traffic forecasting, urban planning, and epidemic modeling. In this survey, we review the approaches developed to reproduce various mobility patterns, with the main focus on recent developments. This review can be used both as an introduction to the fundamental modeling principles of human mobility, and as a collection of technical methods applicable to specific mobility-related problems. The review organizes the subject by differentiating between individual and population mobility and also between short-range and long-range mobility. Throughout the text the description of the theory is intertwined with real-world applications.

Published
2018

29. Headphones on the wire

Author

Louail , Thomas, Barthelemy , Marc, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Eco-Géographiques (CEREG -- URA 95 CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 ( IPHT ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SOC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics and Society [physics.soc-ph], Music listening practices, Cultural consumption, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, WP, PARIS team, Music genres, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Streaming Music Platforms
Abstract

We analyze a dataset providing the complete information on the effective plays of thousands of music listeners during several months. Our analysis confirms a number of properties previously highlighted by research based on interviews and questionnaires, but also uncover new statistical patterns, both at the individual and collective levels. In particular, we show that individuals follow common listening rhythms characterized by the same fluctuations, alternating heavy and light listening periods, and can be classified in four groups of similar sizes according to their temporal habits-" early birds " , " working hours listeners " , " evening listeners " and " night owls ". We provide a detailed radioscopy of the listeners' interplay between repeated listening and discovery of new content. We show that different genres encourage different listening habits, from Classical or Jazz music with a more balanced listening among different songs, to Hip Hop and Dance with a more heterogeneous distribution of plays. Finally, we provide measures of how distant people are from each other in terms of common songs. In particular, we show that the number of songs S a DJ should play to a random audience of size N such that everyone hears at least one song he/she currently listens to, is of the form S ∼ N α where the exponent depends on the music genre and is in the range [0.5, 0.8]. More generally, our results show that the recent access to virtually infinite catalogs of songs does not promote exploration for novelty, but that most users favor repetition of the same songs. The reasons why human beings like listening to music , the variety of emotions music can arouse, its uses and functions in human societies: those are some long lasting questions which have been discussed by music critics and by scientists belonging to a wide range of disciplines. From the early musicology [1] to popular music studies [2] through sociology of cultural practices [3], geography [4, 5], music history [6, 7], cultural economics [8, 9], educational and cognitive psychology [10–13], physiology and neurosciences [14, 15], an eclectic scientific litterature has illuminated many different facets of music listening. At a collective level, it has been demonstrated several times that statistical relations between inherited social characteristics of individuals and their musical preferences exist [3, 16–18]. At the individual level, studies relying on questionnaires, interviews or experiments conducted in controled environments have documented both the functions attributed to listening and the emotions aroused, in various situations of daily life and in different contexts [10, 13, 15, 19]. The influence of the device on the listening practice [20], the effects of listening on a number of daily activities – e.g. performance at work [21], driving [22], coping and regulating emotions [12, 23] – or the rewarding aspects of music-evoked sadness [24] are other examples of listening-related research. Classifications of listeners have been proposed, with some authors concluding about the existence of a direct relation between musical preferences and cognitive styles [25], other stress-* Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to TL (email: thomas.louail@cnrs.fr) ing the uses of music and their self-declared importance as relevant classifiers [26, 27]. Statistical physicists also contributed by highlighting structural properties of artists and genres communities that emerge from the analysis of personal libraries of audio files [28]. However, relatively little is known about how precisely we listen to recorded music on a daily basis. By how we refer here to some kind of detailed, quantified radioscopy of our contemporary listening practices of recorded music, an important aspect of the relation we entertain with music. Until recently, any empirical research willing to answer to questions pertaining to daily listening practices had to rely on surveys and interviews. The technological and societal evolutions have sustained the development of new mobile devices, online tools and listening possibilities, as well as new actors in the music industry. Music-on-demand services have quickly gained in popularity over the last few years, and for example, according to a recent report of the French national syndicate of phonographic publishing [29], more than three million of French residents (ap-prox. 4% of the total population) were subscribing to an on-demand streaming music platform in 2016, and roughly 1/3 of the total french population regularly stream audio content. The data recorded by streaming platforms offer great possibilities to analyze and hopefully better understand individual and collective listening practices. Whenever an individual plays a song through such a service, with a web browser or dedicated application , online or offline, all known information associated with the stream are logged in the company's

Published
2017

30. Spatial structure and efficiency of commuting in Senegalese cities

Author

Louf, Rémi, Carra, Giulia, Commenges, Hadrien, Dembele, Jean-Marie, Gallotti, Riccardo, Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Barthelemy, Marc, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences Appliquées et de Technologies, Université Gaston Berger, Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique sociales (CAMS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIT Media lab, and Louail, Thomas

Subjects
Origin-Destination Matrices, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Excess commuting, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Journey to work, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Mobile phone data, Commuting Trips, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Dakar
Abstract

Session 4: National Statistics; International audience; Senegal is experiencing an unprecedented urban revolution: according to the latest UN projections, its urban population will be multiplied by 3 in the forthcoming decades, to reach 18 million people by 2050. While cities are often lauded as the solution to mankind's socio-economical and environmental issues, when badly managed, they can also be recipes for disasters. In order to propose well-informed transport and planning policies in Senegal, it is crucial to first measure and understand the key spatial dynamics that shape its cities. In this report, we uncover commuting patterns in the 12 largest urban areas of Senegal and their coarse-grained spatial properties using mobile phone data, allowing us to characterize the efficiency of commuting and to compare cities with each other. At the inter-urban level, we show that for most cities, the vast majority of commuters live and work in the same urban area, meaning that Senegalese cities are well-integrated employment markets. We then compute the geographical area of influence of each city. This confirms the importance of large cities such as Dakar, but also highlights smaller cities which play an important economical role such as Tambacounda or Touba. At the intra-urban level, we quantity the spatial mismatch between residence and workplace locations and we propose a measure of the 'optimality' of the commuting structure. We find that Dakar, with a high optimality index, has a coherent spatial structure with nested residential and employment areas which is reflected in the fact that 80% of the residential and activity hostspots overlap. Smaller cities however-such as Louga, Kolda, Mbour-are far from the optimal commuting solution. The methods proposed in this study could help urban planners in identifying locations and areas which are the most penalized by inefficient commuting, a source of economic loss and stress on people's life and the environment.

Published
2015

31. Crowdsourcing the Robin Hood effect in cities

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Govern de les Illes Balears, Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Murillo Arias, Juan, Ramasco, José J., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Govern de les Illes Balears, Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Murillo Arias, Juan, and Ramasco, José J.

Abstract

Socioeconomic inequalities in cities are embedded in space and result in neighborhood effects, whose harmful consequences have proved very hard to counterbalance efficiently by planning policies alone. Considering redistribution of money flows as a first step toward improved spatial equity, we study a bottom-up approach that would rely on a slight evolution of shopping mobility practices. Building on a database of anonymized card transactions in Madrid and Barcelona, we quantify the mobility effort required to reach a reference situation where commercial income is evenly shared among neighborhoods. The redirections of shopping trips preserve key properties of human mobility, including travel distances. Surprisingly, for both cities only a small fraction (∼5%) of trips need to be modified to reach equality situations, improving even other sustainability indicators. The method could be implemented in mobile applications that would assist individuals in reshaping their shopping practices, to promote the spatial redistribution of opportunities in the city.

Published
2017

32. Propagation de l'incertitude spatiale dans l'analyse des données des TIC

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Barthélemy, Marc, Ramasco, J.J., Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de fisic Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos ( IFISC (CSIC-UIB)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
TIC, Spacial analysis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Data analysis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-AMOS; International audience

Published
2016

33. Influence of sociodemographics on human mobility

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantú-Ros, Oliva G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Arias, Juan Murillo, Barthelemy, Marc, Miguel, Maxi San, Ramasco, José J., Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Travel, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, Middle Aged, Corrigenda, Article, Young Adult, Socioeconomic Factors, Humans, Female, Aged, Demography
Abstract

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation. Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into account for mobility and epidemiological modelization., Partial financial support has been received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy (MINECO) and FEDER (EU) under projects MODASS (FIS2011-24785) and INTENSE@COSYP (FIS2012-30634), and from the EU Commission through projects EUNOIA, LASAGNE and INSIGHT. The work of ML has been funded under the PD/004/2013 project, from the Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Universidades of the Government of the Balearic Islands and from the European Social Fund through the Balearic Islands ESF operational program for 2013-2017. JJR acknowledges funding from the Ramón y Cajal program of MINECO.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Corrigendum: Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on human mobility

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu Ros, O. G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Murillo Arias, Juan, Barthelemy, Marc, San Miguel, Maxi, Ramasco, José J., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, and European Commission

Abstract

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation. Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into account for mobility and epidemiological modelization., Partial financial support has been received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy (MINECO) and FEDER (EU) under projects MODASS (FIS2011-24785) and INTENSE@COSYP (FIS2012-30634), and from the EU Commission through projects EUNOIA, LASAGNE and INSIGHT. The work of ML has been funded under the PD/004/2013 project, from the Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Universidades of the Government of the Balearic Islands and from the European Social Fund through the Balearic Islands ESF operational program for 2013-2017. JJR acknowledges funding from the Ramón y Cajal program of MINECO.

Published
2015

35. Big data: A new perspective on cities

Author

Gallotti, Riccardo, Louail, Thomas, Louf, Rémi, Barthelemy, Marc, Gallotti, Riccardo, Louail, Thomas, Louf, Rémi, and Barthelemy, Marc

Published
2016

36. Interaction d'ontologies informatique et géographique pour simuler des dynamiques multi-scalaires

Author

Louail, Thomas, Pumain, Denise, Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fonctions urbaines, Ontologies Informatique, Programmation Orientée Objet, Simulation spatiale, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Ontologies géographiques, Modélisation à base d'agents
Abstract

Ce texte a été rédigé en 2009-2010 puis repris en 2013 pour être publié sous forme de chapitre dans un ouvrage collectif intitulé « Ontologies et modélisation par systèmes multi-agents en sciences humaines et sociales» (2014), ouvrage dirigé par Denis Phan et publié aux éditions Hermès / Lavoisier. Les affiliations des auteur·e sont celles qui étaient les leurs en 2009-2010.; International audience; Les villes forment des systèmes complexes, évolutifs et hiérarchiques. L’évolution de leur organisation géographique peut sembler immédiatement traduisible en un modèle informatique dont les agents et les règles seraient le simple reflet des entités et des processus associés à chaque niveau, tels que conceptualisés en géographie. Dans cet article nous montrons comment la résolution des problèmes posés par l’articulation de niveaux d’organisation dans un tel modèle peut passer par la construction négociée et formalisée d’une ontologie thématique multi-niveaux infléchie, qui peut alors être implémentée. Nous expliquons ce qui distingue selon nous les modèles multi-niveaux, et en quoi une approche à base d’agents peut suggérer des solutions aux problèmes informatiques soulevés par la conception de ces modèles. Nous nous focalisons ensuite sur un cas précis de réalisation et étudions en particulier deux aspects importants dans le couplage de niveaux opéré : la représentation de l’espace à chacune des échelles géographiques simulées, et la formalisation des interactions inter-niveaux.

Published
2014

37. Integrated modelling of social-ecological systems: The MAELIA high-resolution multi-agent platform to deal with water scarcity problems

Author

Sibertin-Blanc, Christophe, Lardy, Romain, Gaudou, Benoit, Balestrat, Maud, Hong, Yi, Louail, Thomas, Nguyen, Van Bai, Panzoli, David, Sanchez-Pérez, José-Miguel, Sauvage, Sabine, Taillandier, Patrick, Vavasseur, Maroussia, Mazzega, Pierre, and Therond, Olivier

Subjects
Social-ecological systems, Water management, Integrated assessment and modelling, Agent-based model, Farm model, Decision process modelling
Abstract

Sustainable water resource management is typical of environmental management problems emerging from complex social-ecological systems. It deeply depends upon water user strategies, land use management and water governance systems. MAELIA, a "policy issue" modelling platform, allows performing integrated assessment at watershed level of a wide range of scenarios regarding water and land use management strategies in combination with global changes. It has been developed through a strong analysis of different French water management situations and an inductive modelling process. It allows representing dynamic interactions between human activities (farming practices), ecological processes (hydrology and crop growth), and governance systems (water regulations and releases from dams) at fine spatiotemporal resolutions in order to handle actual problems of water managers and issues of the main water users (farmers). MAELIA includes original farmer, dam manager and state services (software) agents.

Published
2014

38. Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS. Modélisation multi-Agents appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés. 2009-2014

Author

Gaudieux, Aurélie, Abrami, Géraldine, Amalric, Marion, Amblard, Frédéric, Anselme, Brice, Banos, Arnaud, Beck, Elise, Becu, Nicolas, Blanpain, Baptiste, Caillault, Sébastien, Corson, Nathalie, Daudé, Eric, Debolini, Marta, Delay, Etienne, Duraffour, Françoise, Benoit Gaudou, Houet, Thomas, Langlois, Patrice, Laperrière, Vincent, Lemoy, Rémi, Louail, Thomas, Marilleau, Nicolas, Miahle, François, Monteil, Claude, Moreno, Diego, Pivano, Cyril, Reulier, Romain, Coyrehourcq, Sebastien Rey, Rousseaux, Frédéric, Salze, Paul, Schmitt, Clara, Sheeren, David, Taillandier, Patrick, Thierry, Hugo, and Vannier, Clémence

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Comparing and modelling land use organization in cities

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, European Science Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantu Ros, O. G., Louail, Thomas, Herranz, Ricardo, Barthelemy, Marc, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, San Miguel, Maxi, Ramasco, José J., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, European Science Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantu Ros, O. G., Louail, Thomas, Herranz, Ricardo, Barthelemy, Marc, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, San Miguel, Maxi, and Ramasco, José J.

Abstract

The advent of geolocated information and communication technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data are scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determine land use patterns from mobile phone records. The versatility of the method allows us to run a systematic comparison between Spanish cities of various sizes. The method detects four major land use types that correspond to different temporal patterns. The proportion of these types, their spatial organization and scaling show a strong similarity between all cities that breaks down at a very local scale, where land use mixing is specific to each urban area. Finally, we introduce a model inspired by Schelling's segregation, able to explain and reproduce these results with simple interaction rules between different land uses.

Published
2015

40. Uncovering the spatial structure of mobility networks

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantu Ros, O. G., Herranz, Ricardo, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, Ramasco, José J., Barthelemy, Marc, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, Louail, Thomas, Lenormand, Maxime, Picornell, Miguel, Cantu Ros, O. G., Herranz, Ricardo, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, Ramasco, José J., and Barthelemy, Marc

Abstract

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. The extraction of a clear and simple footprint of the structure of large, weighted and directed networks is a general problem that has relevance for many applications. An important example is seen in origin-destination matrices, which contain the complete information on commuting flows, but are difficult to analyze and compare. We propose here a versatile method, which extracts a coarse-grained signature of mobility networks, under the form of a 2 × 2 matrix that separates the flows into four categories. We apply this method to origin-destination matrices extracted from mobile phone data recorded in 31 Spanish cities. We show that these cities essentially differ by their proportion of two types of flows: integrated (between residential and employment hotspots) and random flows, whose importance increases with city size. Finally, the method allows the determination of categories of networks, and in the mobility case, the classification of cities according to their commuting structure.

Published
2015

41. Corrigendum: Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on human mobility

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu Ros, O. G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Murillo Arias, Juan, Barthelemy, Marc, San Miguel, Maxi, Ramasco, José J., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu Ros, O. G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Murillo Arias, Juan, Barthelemy, Marc, San Miguel, Maxi, and Ramasco, José J.

Abstract

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation. Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into account for mobility and epidemiological modelization.

Published
2015

42. Influence of sociodemographics on human mobility

Author

Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu Ros, O. G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Murillo Arias, Juan, Barthelemy, Marc, San Miguel, Maxi, Ramasco, José J., Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Lenormand, Maxime, Louail, Thomas, Cantu Ros, O. G., Picornell, Miguel, Herranz, Ricardo, Murillo Arias, Juan, Barthelemy, Marc, San Miguel, Maxi, and Ramasco, José J.

Abstract

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation. Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into account for mobility and epidemiological modelization.

Published
2015

43. Comparing and modelling land use organization in cities

Author

Lenormand, Maxime, primary, Picornell, Miguel, additional, Cantú-Ros, Oliva G., additional, Louail, Thomas, additional, Herranz, Ricardo, additional, Barthelemy, Marc, additional, Frías-Martínez, Enrique, additional, San Miguel, Maxi, additional, and Ramasco, José J., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Impact Assessment Modeling of Low-Water Management Policy

Author

Mazzega, Pierre, Sibertin-Blanc, Christophe, Therond, Olivier, Amblard, Frédéric, Arcangeli, Jean-Paul, Balestrat, Maud, Charron Moirez, Marie-Hélène, Condamines, Anne, Fèvre-Pernet, Christine, Gaudou, Benoit, Gondet, Etienne, Hong, Yi, Louail, Thomas, March, Hug, Mayor, Eunate, Nguyen, Van Bai, Panzoli, David, Sauvage, Sabine, Sanchez-Perez, Jose-Miguel, Taillandier, Patrick, Vavasseur, Maroussia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UOC), Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche Jean-François Champollion - JFC (FRANCE) (CUFR), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Institut National Universitaire Champollion - INU (FRANCE), Université de Rouen - UR (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya - UOC (SPAIN), Universidade de Brasília - UnB (BRAZIL), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse - GET (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] ( UnB ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse ( GET ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche AGroécologie-Innovations-TeRritoires (AGIR), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville ( ENSFEA ), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie ( CLLE-LTC ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UOC ), Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche Jean-François Champollion - JFC (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement - ECOLAB ( ECOLAB ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés ( IDEES ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société ( IRIHS ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Université Toulouse Le Mirail (Toulouse 2) (UTM), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ INFO.INFO-MA ] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Système multi-agents, Environmental norms, H- INFORMATIQUE, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

We briefly present the main steps involved in designing and developing a platform for the numerical simulation of environmental and social impacts of the implementation of new environmental norms related to low-water management in France (MAELIA Project: multi-agents for environmental norms impact assessment). Some results are highlighted concerning in particular the structure of the underlying low-water management model and the process and agents' activity modeling., Apresentamos brevemente as principais etapas envolvidas na concepção e no desenvolvimento de uma plataforma para a simulação numérica dos impactos ambientais e sociais da implementação de novas normas ambientais relacionadas com a gestão de baixo nível de água em França (MAELIA Projeto: multi-agentes para avaliação de impacto das normas ambientais). Alguns resultados são destacados respeito sobretudo a estrutura do modelo de gestão de baixo nível de água e ao modelagem de processos e da atividade do agentes.

Published
2013

45. The MAELIA multi-agent platform for integrated assessment of low-water management issues

Author

Gaudou, Benoit, Sibertin-Blanc, Christophe, Therond, Olivier, Amblard, Frédéric, Auda, Yves, Arcangeli, Jean-Paul, Balestrat, Maud, Charron-Moirez, Marie-Hélène, Gondet, Etienne, Hong, Yi, Lardy, Romain, Louail, Thomas, Mayor, Eunate, Panzoli, David, Sauvage, Sabine, Sanchez-Pérez, José-Miguel, Taillandier, Patrick, Nguyen, Van Bai, Vavasseur, Maroussia, Mazzega, Pierre, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT-LILaC), Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche Jean-François Champollion - JFC (FRANCE) (CUFR), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Institut National Universitaire Champollion - INU (FRANCE), Université du Havre - ULH (FRANCE), Université de Rouen - UR (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (FRANCE), Universidade de Brasília - UnB (BRAZIL), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AGrosystèmes et développement terrItoRial ( AGIR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse ( GET ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement - ECOLAB ( ECOLAB ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche Jean-François Champollion - JFC (FRANCE), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés ( IDEES ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société ( IRIHS ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), and Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] ( UnB )

Subjects
Water management, Agent-based model, Social-ecological systems, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Integrated assessment and modeling, [ INFO.INFO-MA ] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Système multi-agents, H- INFORMATIQUE
Abstract

International audience; The MAELIA project is developing an agent-based modeling and simulation platform to study the environmental, economic and social impacts of various regulations regarding water use and water management in combination with climate change. It is applied to the case of the French Adour-Garonne Basin, which is the most concerned in France by water scarcity during the low-water period. An integrated approach has been chosen to model this social-ecological system: the model combines spatiotemporal models of ecologic (e.g. rainfall and temperature changes, water flow and plant growth) and socio-economic (e.g. farmer decision-making process, management of low-water flow, demography, land use and land cover changes) processes and sub-models of cognitive sharing among agents (e.g. weather forecast, normative constraints on behaviors)

Published
2013

46. Rapport final du projet Harmonie-cités (ANR Corpus et Outils de la Recherche en SHS édition 2007) : Bases de données harmonisées sur la dynamique et les compétences des villes en réseau selon les régions du monde

Author

Bretagnolle, Anne, Guérois, Marianne, Mathian, Hélène, Paulus, Fabien, Vacchiani-Marcuzzo, Céline, Delisle, François, Lizzi, Liliane, Louail, Thomas, Martin, Sébastien, Swerts, Elfie, Géographie-cités ( GC ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] ( LIVE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), COSMO, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes ( IBISC ), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
activités urbaines, Harmonisation, Bases de données, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Databases, Fonctional urban areas, Webmapping, Plate-forme de visualisation, Railroad networks, Villes, Cities and towns, Urban functions, Réseaux ferroviaires
Abstract

The project Harmonie-cités aimed to build coherent databases for cities, for dynamic and international comparison. A first task consisted to work on the conception and formalisation of generic data models, that could allow following in a harmonized way the urban entities on the long term period (several decades and sometimes centuries) and in a variety of geographical contexts (France, Europe, United States, South Africa, India, China). Another task concerned databases on urban activities, constructed in a harmonized way. The first explorations of the results, transversal (France, U.S., South Africa) and longitudinal (1960-2000), reveal very strong proximities between the three countries (hierarchical structure of the urban system, co-evolution of functional trajectories of the cities). The third task, dedicated to inter-urban exchanges, gave rise to a deep reflection on the alignment of the two type of databases that are involved (matching and cartographic generalisation). The digitalization of the south-african railroad network has been conducted for one century (1860-1960), the one concerning U.S. is in progress. Lastly, a web interface allowing a dynamic and interactive interrogation of the different databases constructed in Harmonie-cités has been realized. This interface is generic and has been first implemented for France and United States.; Le projet Harmonie-cités visait à construire des bases de données cohérentes sur les villes, pour la comparaison dynamique et internationale. Il s'agissait de réfléchir sur la conception et la formalisation de modèles de données génériques, permettant une harmonisation à la fois longitudinale et transversale des délimitations de villes sur plusieurs décennies, voire plusieurs siècles (Etats-Unis, France, Afrique du Sud, Europe, Chine, Inde). En outre, des bases de données sur les activités ont été construites de manière harmonisée pour les Etats-Unis, la France et l'Afrique du Sud de 1960 à nos jours. Les premières exploitations, transversales et longitudinales, montrent de fortes proximités entre ces trois pays (structuration hiérarchique des systèmes, trajectoires fonctionnelles des villes). L'articulation de bases de données sur les réseaux de transport inter-urbains, d'une part, et sur les villes, d'autre part, a permis de réfléchir sur la mise en cohérence de deux types de bases de données (appariement et généralisation cartographique). La numérisation du réseau ferroviaire sud-africain a été réalisée entre 1860 et 1960, celle du réseau ferroviaire des Etats-Unis (1830-1960) est en cours. Enfin, une interface permettant d'interroger de manière dynamique et interactive les bases de données constituées dans le projet a été construite de manière générique et implémentée pour la France et les Etats-Unis.

Published
2011

47. Comparer les morphogénèses urbaines en Europe et aux États-Unis par la simulation à base d'agents -- Approches multi-niveaux et environnements de simulation spatiale

Author

Louail, Thomas, Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport (LVMT ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Jean-Louis Giavitto(giavitto@ircam.fr), and Simpop

Subjects
environnements de simulation, simulation environements, agent based simulation, city, simulation à base d'agents, morphogenèses urbaines, ville, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, modélisation multi-niveaux, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, urban morphogenesis, multilevel modeling
Abstract

The multilevel comparison of spatial and hierarchical organisations of urban systems over the world highlights some generic and universal properties (rank-size law, center-periphery structure) but also a variety of more specific patterns (in terms of spatial repartition of populations, densities, prices, activities, etc.). The spatial economy and the urban evolutionnary theory both focus on the explanation of the emergence of such patterns, but the simulation models they support classicaly consider one level of spatial organisation only, respectively intra- and inter-urban. Understanding and reconstructing those levels' interdependancies is a crucial issue for long-term sustainable urban planning. This thesis presents a set of models and tools that are dedicated to the study of this question through agent-based simulation. They have been developed in the context of the Simpop project, and particulary on the comparison of the morphogenesis of urban systems in Europe and in the United States over the period 1800-2000. These tools include the simpopNano agent-based model, and some experimentation modules gathered in an extensible and generic GIS-based platform, which is dedicated to a systematic, collective and intelligent exploration of spatial simulation models. Together they reinforce the idea that the sole difference of topology of the streets networks could be sufficient to generate some more diluted spatial repartitions, as observed in US cities when compared to european ones. This intra-urban model is then articulated with an inter-urban one, Simpop2, in a multilevel model. The latter serves to engage a comparison among a variety of approaches in agent-based simulation litterature for integrating models of multiple levels of abstraction.; La comparaison, à différents niveaux (systèmes de villes, villes, quartiers), de l'organisation spatiale et hiérarchique des systèmes urbains dans le monde fait apparaître des propriétés universelles (loi rang-taille, structure centre-périphérie des villes, etc.) mais également une grande variété de formes (notamment en termes de répartition des populations, densités, prix, activités). Si la théorie évolutionnaire urbaine et celles d'économie spatiale offrent des schémas explicatifs de cette émergence de formes, les modèles qui en sont issus se sont jusqu'à présent focalisé sur un seul niveau d'organisation spatiale, qu'il soit intra- ou inter-urbain. Dans une optique d'aménagement durable, il est important de disposer de modèles permettant de raisonner sur les inter-dépendances qu'entretiennent ces niveaux d'organisation du peuplement. Cette thèse présente une famille de modèles entités-centrés et d'outils dédiés à l'étude de cette problématique par la simulation à base d'agents. Ils s'inscrivent dans le projet Simpop et sont mis en oeuvre sur la comparaison des morphogenèses urbaines en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, sur la période 1800-2000. Ils incluent notamment le simulateur simpopNano, accompagné d'un environnement modulaire construit autour d'un SIG pour une exploitation systématique, intelligente et collective de modèles spatiaux. Ensemble, ils confortent l'idée que la seule différence des maillages des réseaux viaires des villes suffit à exprimer des répartitions spatiales plus diffuses sur les grilles américaines que sur les plans radioconcentriques européens. Ce modèle intra-urbain est ensuite articulé avec le modèle de systèmes de villes Simpop2 dans un modèle multi-niveaux, inter et intra-urbain. Il est le point d'ancrage d'une comparaison d'approches dédiées à l'intégration de modèles dynamiques associés à différents niveaux d'abstraction.

Published
2010

48. Comparing urban morphogenesis in Europe and in the United States through agent-based simulation

Author

Louail, Thomas, COSMO, Géographie-cités ( GC ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes ( IBISC ), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ), Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Jean-Louis Giavitto(giavitto@ircam.fr), Simpop, Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport (LVMT ), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)

Subjects
[ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, agent based simulation, simulation à base d'agents, morphogenèses urbaines, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, modélisation multi-niveaux, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, environnements de simulation, simulation environements, city, ville, multilevel modeling, urban morphogenesis
Abstract

The multilevel comparison of spatial and hierarchical organisations of urban systems over the world highlights some generic and universal properties (rank-size law, center-periphery structure) but also a variety of more specific patterns (in terms of spatial repartition of populations, densities, prices, activities, etc.). The spatial economy and the urban evolutionnary theory both focus on the explanation of the emergence of such patterns, but the simulation models they support classicaly consider one level of spatial organisation only, respectively intra- and inter-urban. Understanding and reconstructing those levels' interdependancies is a crucial issue for long-term sustainable urban planning. This thesis presents a set of models and tools that are dedicated to the study of this question through agent-based simulation. They have been developed in the context of the Simpop project, and particulary on the comparison of the morphogenesis of urban systems in Europe and in the United States over the period 1800-2000. These tools include the simpopNano agent-based model, and some experimentation modules gathered in an extensible and generic GIS-based platform, which is dedicated to a systematic, collective and intelligent exploration of spatial simulation models. Together they reinforce the idea that the sole difference of topology of the streets networks could be sufficient to generate some more diluted spatial repartitions, as observed in US cities when compared to european ones. This intra-urban model is then articulated with an inter-urban one, Simpop2, in a multilevel model. The latter serves to engage a comparison among a variety of approaches in agent-based simulation litterature for integrating models of multiple levels of abstraction.; La comparaison, à différents niveaux (systèmes de villes, villes, quartiers), de l'organisation spatiale et hiérarchique des systèmes urbains dans le monde fait apparaître des propriétés universelles (loi rang-taille, structure centre-périphérie des villes, etc.) mais également une grande variété de formes (notamment en termes de répartition des populations, densités, prix, activités). Si la théorie évolutionnaire urbaine et celles d'économie spatiale offrent des schémas explicatifs de cette émergence de formes, les modèles qui en sont issus se sont jusqu'à présent focalisé sur un seul niveau d'organisation spatiale, qu'il soit intra- ou inter-urbain. Dans une optique d'aménagement durable, il est important de disposer de modèles permettant de raisonner sur les inter-dépendances qu'entretiennent ces niveaux d'organisation du peuplement. Cette thèse présente une famille de modèles entités-centrés et d'outils dédiés à l'étude de cette problématique par la simulation à base d'agents. Ils s'inscrivent dans le projet Simpop et sont mis en oeuvre sur la comparaison des morphogenèses urbaines en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, sur la période 1800-2000. Ils incluent notamment le simulateur simpopNano, accompagné d'un environnement modulaire construit autour d'un SIG pour une exploitation systématique, intelligente et collective de modèles spatiaux. Ensemble, ils confortent l'idée que la seule différence des maillages des réseaux viaires des villes suffit à exprimer des répartitions spatiales plus diffuses sur les grilles américaines que sur les plans radioconcentriques européens. Ce modèle intra-urbain est ensuite articulé avec le modèle de systèmes de villes Simpop2 dans un modèle multi-niveaux, inter et intra-urbain. Il est le point d'ancrage d'une comparaison d'approches dédiées à l'intégration de modèles dynamiques associés à différents niveaux d'abstraction.

Published
2010

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results