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Li-Chao Ma,1,2 Shi-Ning Lou,3 Xiao-Li Zhu,3 Ruo-Lan Zhang,1 Lin Wu,1 Jiang-Yuan Xu,1 Xiao-Juan Ding,1 Juan Liu,4 Yan Wang1 1School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People’s Republic of China; 2Operating Room, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Work’s Hospital of China Lucky Group Corporation, Baoding, Hebei, 07100, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Juan Liu, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 of Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13582292161, Email juanliulj07@126.com Yan Wang, School of Nursing, Hebei University, No. 342 of Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13833258628, Email ywang_dr06@163.comObjective: This study aimed to explore the needs and constraints to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a community-based setting, and thereby facilitating the implementation of effective CR programs for this population.Methods: Focus group interviews were used as the primary research methodology. A total of 11 community-dwelling individuals diagnosed with CHD were selected from a community hospital to participate in in-depth interviews, aiming to discern and analyze their requirements and constraints experienced concerning medical resources and healthcare agency. The textual data underwent examination using Colaizzi’s method of descriptive data analysis.Results: Deficits existed in the perceptions of patients with CHD within a community-based setting about their condition and CR, and in the social support for this disease. Patients expressed expectations for professional guidance during CR, gained an understanding about the beneficial effects of emotional stability on cognitive function. Patients expressed their thoughts and feelings regarding the diversity of physical exercise options. Two main themes and seven sub-themes were identified: (a) “Insufficient CR resources for patients”: Lack of awareness about CHD; inadequate knowledge about secondary prevention/CR; insufficient support from family and friends. (b) “Patient CR initiative”: Patient self-adjustment; expectation of professional rehabilitation guidance; stable emotions improving cognition; diverse attitudes and awareness of exercise.Conclusion: For more effective CR, community-based medical teams should provide more comprehensive and individualized rehabilitation programs. They should focus on individual variations and preferences of patients, as well as enhance the autonomy of patients and improve their self-care ability through effective empowerment measures.Keywords: coronary heart disease, cardiac rehabilitation, community sanitation service, self-care, patient needs

Traditional methods for the aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol frequently require the use of noble metal catalysts or flammable H2-O2 mixtures. While electrochemical methods enhance safety and may avoid the use of noble metals, these processes suffer from low yields due to limited current density and/or low selectivity. Here, we design an electrothermal process to conduct aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol at room temperature using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a redox mediator. When electrochemically reduced, PTA activates methane with O2 to produce methanol selectively. The optimum productivity reaches 29.45 [[EQUATION]] with approximately 20.3% overall electron yield. Under continuous operation, we achieved 19.90 [[EQUATION]] catalytic activity, over 74.3% methanol selectivity, and 10 hours durability. This approach leverages reduced PTA to initiate thermal catalysis in solution phase, addressing slow methane oxidation kinetics and preventing overoxidations on electrode surfaces. The current density towards methanol production increased over 40 times compared with direct electrochemical processes. The in-situ generated hydroxyl radical, from the reaction of reduced PTA and oxygen, plays an important role in the methane conversion. This study demonstrates reduced polyoxotungstate as a viable platform to integrate thermo- and electrochemical methane oxidation at ambient conditions., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. But treatments are not available to promote functional recovery, and efficient therapies need to be investigated. Stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as potential technologies to restore function in brain disorders. Loss of GABAergic interneurons after stroke may result in sensorimotor defects. Here, by transplanting human brain organoids resembling the MGE domain (human MGE organoids, hMGEOs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into the infarcted cortex of stroke mice, we found that grafted hMGEOs survived well and primarily differentiated into GABAergic interneurons and significantly restored the sensorimotor deficits of stroke mice for a long time. Our study offers the feasibility of stem cell replacement therapeutics strategy for stroke., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Enzymatic time-temperature indicators (TTIs) usually suffer from instability and inefficiency in practical use as food quality indicator during storage. The aim of this study was to address the aforementioned problem by immobilizing laccase on electrospun chitosan fibers to increase the stability and minimize the usage of laccase. The addition of NaN 3 , as and enzyme inhibitor, was intended to extend this laccase TTI coloration rate and activation energy ( Ea ) range, so as to expand the application range of TTIs for evaluating changes in the quality of foods during storage. A two-component time-temperature indicator was prepared by immobilizing laccase on electrospun chitosan fibers as a TTI film, and by using guaiacol solution as a coloration substrate. The color difference of the innovative laccase TTI was discovered to be <3, and visually indistinguishable when OD 500 reached 3.2; the response reaction time was regarded as the TTI's coloration endpoint. Enzyme immobilization and the addition of NaN 3 increased coloration Km and reduced coloration Vmax . The coloration Vmax decreased to 64% when 0.1 mM NaN 3 was added to the TTI, which exhibited noncompetitive inhibition and a slower coloration rate. Coloration hysteresis appeared in the TTI with NaN 3 , particularly at low temperatures. For TTI coloration, the Ea increased to 29.92-66.39 kJ/mol when 15-25 μg/cm 2 of laccase was immobilized, and the endpoint increased to 11.0-199.5 h when 0-0.10 mM NaN 3 was added. These modifications expanded the applicability of laccase TTIs in intelligent food packaging.

Laccase was immobilized on a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/tetraethylorthosilicate electrospun film (ceCPTL) and colored with guaiacol to obtain a laccase time-temperature indicator (TTI) prototype. The activation energy ( Ea ) of coloration of the prototype was 50.89-33.62 kJ/mol when 8-25 μg/cm 2 laccase was immobilized on ceCPTL, and that of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth in milk was 73.32 kJ/mol. The Ea of coloration of the TTI prototype onto which 8-10 μg/cm 2 laccase was immobilized was in the required range for predicting LAB growth in milk. The coloration endpoint of the TTI prototype onto which 10 μg/cm 2 (0.01 U) laccase was immobilized could respond to the LAB count reaching 10 6 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in milk during a static temperature response test, and the prediction error was discovered to be low. In dynamic temperature response experiments with intermittent temperature changes between 4 and 25 °C, the coloration rate of the laccase TTI prototype was consistent with LAB growth. The results of this study indicate that the laccase TTI prototype can be applied as a visual monitoring indicator to assist in evaluating milk quality in cold chains.

The rational design of previously unidentified materials that could realize excellent electrochemical-controlled optical and charge storage properties simultaneously, are especially desirable and useful for fabricating smart multifunctional devices. Here, a facile synthesis of a 1D π -d conjugated coordination polymer (Ni-BTA) is reported, consisting of metal (Ni)-containing nodes and organic linkers (1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine), which could be easily grown on various substrates via a scalable chemical bath deposition method. The resulting Ni-BTA film exhibits superior performances for both electrochromic and energy storage functions, such as large optical modulation (61.3%), high coloration efficiency (223.6 cm 2  C -1 ), and high gravimetric capacity (168.1 mAh g -1 ). In particular, the Ni-BTA film can maintain its electrochemical recharge-ability and electrochromic properties even after 10 000 electrochemical cycles demonstrating excellent durability. Moreover, a smart energy storage indicator is demonstrated in which the energy storage states can be visually recognized in real time. The excellent electrochromic and charge storage performances of Ni-BTA films present a great promise for Ni-BTA nanowires to be used as practical electrode materials in various applications such as electrochromic devices, energy storage cells, and multifunctional smart windows., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of Interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The design and construction of 3D architectures enabled by stimuli-responsive soft materials can yield novel functionalities for next generation soft-bodied actuating devices. Apart from additive manufacturing processes, origami inspired technology offers an alternative approach to fabricate 3D actuators from planar materials. Here we report a class of near-infrared (NIR) responsive 3D active origamis that deploy, actuate and transform between multistable structural equilibria. By exploiting the nonlinear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of graphene oxide (GO), graphene oxide/ethylene cellulose (GO/EC) bilayers are readily fabricated to deliver precise origami structure control, and rapid low-temperature-triggered photothermal actuation. Complexity in 3D shapes is produced through heterogeneously patterning GO domains on 2D EC thin films, which allows us to customize 3D architectures that adapt to various robotic functions. The strategy also enables the construction of material systems possessing naturally inaccessible properties, such as remotely controlled mechanical metamaterials with auxetic behavior and bionic flowers with a rapid blooming rate. Harnessing deformability with multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) upon light irradiation, this work leads to breakthroughs in the design and implementation of shape-morphing functions with soft origamis.

Kumquat and calamondin are two small-size citrus fruits. Owing to their health benefits, they are traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. However, the research on flavonoids and biological activities of kumquat and calamondin have received less attention. This review summarizes the reported quantitative and qualitative data of phenolic compositions in these two fruits. Effects of maturity, harvest time, various solvent extractions and heat treatment of phenolic compositions, and bioactivities were discussed; distributions of the forms of phenolic compounds existing in kumquat and calamondin were also summarized. Furthermore, biological activities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antimetabolic disorder effects, have also been discussed. Effective phenolic components were proposed for a certain bioactivity. It was found that C-glycoside flavonoids are dominant phenolic compounds in kumquat and calamondin, unlike in other citrus fruits. Up to now, biological activities and chemical characteristics of C-glycoside flavonoids in kumquat and calamondin are largely unknown., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Some oxides have the ability to trap excess electrons in the form of small polarons. Here, using first-principles techniques, we investigate the interaction of excess electrons with α-MoO3. Polarons are found to be about 0.6 eV more stable than delocalized electrons. They can propagate with a high degree of anisotropicity along different crystallographic directions with the lowest barrier found to be about 0.08 eV. In addition to the band gap photoexcited charge carriers that can populate such polaron states, we investigate the role of oxygen vacancies as an intrinsic source of electrons. We also investigate intercalated alkali ions that can form complexes with the created polarons in the lattice. The alkali-polaron complex (AxMoO6, A = alkali ion) binding energies are relatively low, making it easy for the complex to dissociate. This, coupled with the low polaron migration energies, can generate a non-negligible contribution to electronic conductivity even in the absence of illumination, which is experimentally verified. Combined, this light-induced intercalation of alkali ion in MoO3 and its subsequent deintercalation (complex dissociation) processes lead to a novel self-photocharghing phenomenon.

The total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts from peel of kumquat were higher than those from pulp, and those extracted from immature kumquat were higher than those from mature kumquat. The highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained in hot water extracts. The flavonoids of kumquat extracted from hot water were mainly soluble conjugated compounds, including C-glycosides, such as 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, and O-glycosides, such as acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (fortunellin), isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (poncirin) and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin). A positive relationship existed between total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging potency (p<0.001). Total flavonoid content showed a similar correlation (p<0.001) to DPPH scavenging potency. The effective flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity were DGPP and apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, which could be extracted in high amounts, by hot water at 90°C, from immature kumquat peel., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A seven flavonoids in hot water extract of immature kumquat (Citrus japonica var. margarita) were identified and quantified (mg/100g fresh fruit): 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP, 285.9 ± 2.9 mg/100g), acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (margaritene, 136.2 ± 2.6 mg/100g), acacetin 6-C-neohesperidoside (isomargaritene, 119.1 ± 1.8 mg/100g), fortunellin (acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside, 28.5 ± 0.7 mg/100g), apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside (16.9 ± 0.1mg/100g), poncirin (isosakuranetin 7-O-neohesperidoside, 5.1 ± 0.1mg/100g), and rhoifolin (apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, 2.0 ± 0.1mg/100g). When immature kumquat was dried at 110 and 130°C for 0.5h, the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and identified flavonoids increased. The UV absorbance of browning products of immature kumquat dried at 130°C for 1.5h increased dramatically, while the identified flavonoids decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that drying below 130°C for 1.0 h, could release phenolic compounds, which resulted in the increasing antioxidant activity. Drying at 130°C for 1.5h, it might be due to the effect of formed browning products., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Citrus essential oils are widely applied in food industry as the backbone of citrus flavors. Unfortunately, due to relatively simple chemical composition and tremendous price differences among citrus species, adulteration has been plaguing the industry since its inception. Skilled blenders are capable of making blends that are almost indistinguishable from authentic oils through conventional gas chromatography analysis. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for compositional study of nonvolatile constituents in essential oils from major citrus species. The nonvolatile oxygenated heterocyclic components identified in citrus oils were proved to be more effective as markers in adulteration detection than the volatile components. Authors are hoping such an analysis procedure can be served as a routine quality control test for authenticity evaluation in citrus essential oils., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Nanocrystalline molybdenum oxide (α-MoO3) thin films with iso-oriented crystalline layers were synthesised by the anodisation of Mo foils. Upon band-gap excitation using light illumination, α-MoO3 generates excited electrons for reductive reactions and stores some of the excited electrons in its layered crystalline structure via alkali cation intercalation. These stored electrons can be subsequently discharged from α-MoO3 to allow reductive reactions to continue to occur under non-illuminated conditions. The modulation of water concentrations in the organic/aqueous anodisation electrolytes readily produces α-MoO3 crystals with high degree of (kk0) crystallographic orientation. Moreover, these (kk0)-oriented MoO3 crystals exhibit well-developed {hk0} and {0k0} crystal facets. In this paper, we show the benefits of producing α-MoO3 thin films with defined crystal facets and an iso-oriented layered structure for in situ storing of excited charges. α-MoO3 crystals with dominant (kk0) planes can achieve fast charging and a strong balance between charge release for immediate exploitation under illuminated conditions and charge storage for subsequent utilisation in dark. In comparison, α-MoO3 crystals with dominant (0k0) planes show a preference for excited charge storage.

Hot water extract of immature calamondin peel contains high total phenolic content, which shows significant correlation to DPPH scavenging potency. By heat treatment, the extraction yields of naringin, tangeretin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and gallic acid increased, but the amount of 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP) decreased drastically. The major soluble phenolic compounds in the nonpolar extract are nobiletin and tangeretin, while DGPP and hesperidin are in the hot water extract. For insoluble phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid are mainly in ester linkage form. After heat treatment, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid are the major increased soluble and insoluble phenolic acids, respectively. This indicates that high temperature heating (150°C) probably produces two major effects: (1) degradation of flavonoids, such as DGPP and hesperidin; (2) destruction of the cell wall structure, leading to an increase in soluble nobiletin, tangeretin and gallic acid, as well as insoluble ferulic and p-coumaric acids., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Calamondin has been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant function and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which might be attributed to its flavonoid compounds. To improve their application, the flavonoid compositions and antioxidant activity of calamondin extracts, prepared by different solvents, were investigated. The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts from peel of calamondin were higher than that from pulp, except the flavonoid content in hot water extract. The flavonoids found in extracts of calamondin were 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), naringin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and diosmin. DGPP exhibited the highest quantity, while naringin and hesperidin were the other two major flavonoids. The content of DGPP in hot water extract of peel was higher than in extracts of organic solvents, however, the contents of nobiletin and tangeretin were found only in extracts of organic solvents. The highest levels of total flavonoids and DGPP were obtained in hot water extract from peel at 90°C. The extracts of hot water and ethyl acetate showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potency than that of ethanol and methanol. A positive relationship existed between total phenolic contents and DPPH scavenging potency (p < 0.01), while total flavonoid compositions also showed correlation (p < 0.05). Thus, DGPP, naringin, and hesperidin might contribute to antioxidant activity. Collectively, the hot water extract of calamondin peel might have potential for health food and cosmetic applications due to its good antioxidant activity and high level of DGPP., (Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Nanostructured molybdenum oxide (α-MoO3 ) thin film photoelectrodes were synthesised by anodisation. Upon band gap-excitation by light illumination, α-MoO3 is able to store a portion of the excited charges in its layered structure with the simultaneous intercalation of alkali cations. The stored electrons can be discharged from α-MoO3 for utilisation under dark conditions, and α-MoO3 is able to recharge itself with successive illuminations to behave as a 'self-photo-rechargeable' alkali-ion battery. The alteration of the anodisation pH allowed the crystal structure and oxygen vacancy concentrations of α-MoO3 to be modulated to achieve (i) a distorted MoO6 octahedra for enhanced charge separation and storage, (ii) a layered structure with a greater exposed (010) crystal face for rich and reversible ion intercalation and (iii) a highly crystalline thin film that suppresses electron-hole pair recombination. Overall, the larger MoO6 octahedral distortion in α-MoO3 at a higher pH favours charge storage, whereas smaller octahedral distortion at a lower pH leads to anodic photocurrent enhancement., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The antioxidant activity and the flavonoids of mature and immature calamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) peel were investigated. The hot water extract of immature calamondin peel exhibited the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and superoxide scavenging effect. 3',5'-Di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin, naringin, hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin are the five major flavonoids found in hot water extract with the levels of 6888±522, 2333±157, 1350±94, 165±13, and 8±4 mg/100 g dry basis, respectively. The contents of nobiletin and tangeretin increased after ripening. The hot water extract of immature calamondin peel was fractionated using a semi-preparative HPLC. Fraction VI showed the highest ORAC value (28.02±2.73 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g fraction) and two compounds, naringin and hesperidin, were identified as the major active components attributed to the antioxidant activity. Fraction V contained 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin, which revealed low ORAC value with 7.43 mmol TE/g fraction. However, it might also contribute to antioxidant activity in immature calamondin peel due to its greatest quantity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

There is broad range of applications in the use of tyrosinase inhibitors for suppressing unwanted hyperpigmentation in human skin and enzymic browning in fruits. In searching effective tyrosinase inhibitors from natural products, the components in unripe calamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) peel were investigated by performing bioassay-directed fractionation and chromatographic separation coupled with tyrosinase inhibition assay. Herein it is reported for the first time that (1) there is a rich content of 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin in unripe calamondin peel, 3.69±0.44g/100g dry basis, (2) this C-glycosylated flavonoid showed the strongest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase among the components in this fruit, with an IC(50) of 0.87mg/ml, and (3) that unripe calamondin peel is also a rich source of naringin and hesperidin, 1.25% and 0.73% by dry weight, respectively, which also expressed strong tyrosinase inhibitory property., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The effect of gold attachment on the physical characteristics, cellular uptake, gene expression efficiency, and biocompatibility of magnetic iron oxide (MNP) vector was investigated in vitro in BHK21 cells. The surface modification of magnetite with gold was shown to alter the morphology and surface charge of the vector. Nonetheless, despite the differences in the surface charge with and without gold attachment, the surface charge of all vectors were positive when conjugated with PEI/DNA complex, and switched from positive to negative when suspended in cell media containing serum, indicating the adsorption of serum components onto the composite. The cellular uptake of all MNP vectors under the influence of a magnetic field increased when the composite loadings increased, and was higher for the MNP vector that was modified with gold. Both bare magnetite and gold-coated magnetite vectors gave similar optimal gene expression efficiency, however, the gold-coated magnetite vector required a 25-fold higher overall loading to achieve a comparable efficiency as the attachment of gold increased the particle size, thus reducing the surface area for PEI/DNA complex conjugation. The MNP vector without gold showed optimal gene expression efficiency at a specific magnetite loading, however further increases beyond the optimum loading decreased the efficiency of gene expression. The drop in efficiency at high magnetite loadings was attributed to the significant reduction in cellular viability, indicating the bare magnetite became toxic at high intracellular levels. The gene expression efficiency of the gold-modified vector, on the other hand, did not diminish with increasing magnetite loadings. Intracellular examination of both bare magnetite and gold-coated magnetite vectors at 48h post-magnetofection using transmission electron microscopy provided evidence of the localization of both vectors in the cell nucleus for gene expression and elucidated the nuclear uptake mechanism of both vectors. The results of this work demonstrate the efficacy of gold-modified vectors to be used in cellular therapy research that can function both as a magnetically-driven gene delivery vehicle and an intracellular imaging agent with negligible impact on cell viability., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)