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A synthetic gene drive that targets haplolethal genes on the X chromosome can skew the sex ratio toward males. Like an "X-shredder," it does not involve "homing," and that has advantages including the reduction of gene drive resistance allele formation. We examine this "X-poisoning" strategy by targeting 4 of the 11 known X-linked haplolethal/haplosterile genes of Drosophila melanogaster with CRISPR/Cas9. We find that targeting the wupA gene during spermatogenesis skews the sex ratio so fewer than 14% of progeny are daughters. That is unless we cross the mutagenic males to X^XY female flies that bear attached-X chromosomes, which reverses the inheritance of the poisoned X chromosome so that sons inherit it from their father, in which case only 2% of the progeny are sons. These sex ratio biases suggest that most of the CRISPR/Cas9 mutants we induced in the wupA gene are haplolethal but some are recessive lethal. The males generating wupA mutants do not suffer from reduced fertility; rather, the haplolethal mutants arrest development in the late stages of embryogenesis well after fertilized eggs have been laid. This provides a distinct advantage over genetic manipulation strategies involving sterility which can be countered by the remating of females. We also find that wupA mutants that destroy the nuclear localization signal of shorter isoforms are not haplolethal as long as the open reading frame remains intact. Like D. melanogaster, wupA orthologs of Drosophila suzukii and Anopheles mosquitos are found on X chromosomes making wupA a viable X-poisoning target in multiple species.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1661858%5DMICH-V-1661858, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1661858/MICH-V-1661858/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

peer-reviewed, The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of offering Belclare X ewes a single diet rationed to 80, 100, or 120% of recommended ME requirements from d 119 of gestation to parturition, with concurrent changes in other dietary nutrients. The effects on the development of the fetus and subsequent offspring performance to weaning were monitored. Sixty twin-bearing ewes were allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments based on Agricultural and Food Research Council recommendations (AFRC, 1993) as amended by Robinson et al. (2002a) as follows: 80% of predicted ME requirement, 100% of predicted ME requirement, and 120% of predicted ME requirement. Ewes were individually fed for the final 4 wk of gestation. Diets fed were grass silage based; however, when silage intake failed to meet ME requirements, ewes were offered varying quantities of concentrates, on an individual basis, to ensure they met their required daily ME allocation. Concentrates offered were composed of 40% barley, 22% beet pulp nuts, 20% distillers’ dried grains, and 14% soybean meal, on a DM basis. At birth, lambs were weighed, behavioral and skeletal measurements were recorded, and plasma blood samples were collected. At 1 h postpartum, a subset of lambs (n = 10) per treatment was euthanized to assess organ weight and intestinal morphology. At birth, there was no effect of treatment on lamb live weight at birth (P = 0.31), although lambs born to ewes offered 120% ME had a larger thoracic circumference (P = 0.05). Lambs born to ewes offered the excess energy treatment (120% ME) were quickest to stand and attempt to suckle after birth, in addition to having a greater live weight at weaning (P = 0.01) and ADG from birth to weaning (P = 0.05). Nutritional treatment had no effect on the organ weights (P ≥ 0.11) or the ileal morphology (P ≥ 0.62) of the lamb measured at 1 h postpartum. In summary, the impact of applying a dietary alteration to ewes in late gestation is not directly reflected in organ we, PUBLISHED, peer-reviewed

The tautomerism of the enol form of acetylacetone (= pentane-2,4-dione; 1) inside a host cavity has been studied by means of solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) using the variable-temperature CPMAS technique. It appears that the enol form, 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one (1a), exists in an equilibrium with an identical tautomer (1c) trough O - H ⋯ O proton transfer. The experimental results (energy barrier and chemical shifts) were rationalized by means of MP2 and GIAO calculations. © 2005 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1108183%5DMICH-V-1108183, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1108183/MICH-V-1108183/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1167341%5DMICH-V-1167341, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1167341/MICH-V-1167341/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1167089%5DMICH-V-1167089, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1167089/MICH-V-1167089/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1161836%5DMICH-V-1161836, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1161836/MICH-V-1161836/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy