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Background & objectives: The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) continues to increase over time in the world, including Indonesia. One of the prevention efforts against dengue virus transmission is to avoid vector mosquito bites by the use of repellants. Using repellents can reduce exposure to mosquito bites that may cause infection with the dengue virus. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of repellent lotion composed of patchouli batik extract (Pogostemon cablin) from Southeast Sulawesi varieties against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Methods: The research subjects were Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes. The research consisted of three stages. The first stage was a phytochemical test (qualitative method), the second stage was the analysis of patchouli essential oil (GC-MS method) and the third stage was a test of the effectiveness of lotions made from patchouli extract in lotion preparations against Aedes aegypti. Results: The results of the effectiveness test of patchouli leaf repellent (Pogestemon cablin) lotion preparations were as follows: for a concentration of 2.5%, protective power 81.5%; concentration 5%, protection power 83.67%; concentration 7.5%, protection power 88.64 %; the concentration of 10%, protection power 90.44%, and the concentration of 12.5% had protection power 90.89%. Probit analysis and linear regression showed the value of ProbitLc 50 was 6.631. Interpretation & conclusion: The results of the effectiveness test of Pogestemon cablin repellent lotion preparations with the most effective concentrations were 10% and 12.5%. The results of ANOVA test indicated there was no difference in the average value of the protection power in patchouli leaves.

Excessive UV exposure can cause various skin disorders, so protection from UV rays is needed by using sunscreen. One of the plants that have the potential as a sunscreen is buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia Linn.) which contains flavonoid compounds. Sunscreen formulated in lotion form is the most common preparation found in the market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of lotion preparations and to determine the potential of lotion of buas-buas leaf extract as a sunscreen. Buas-buas leaf extract was obtained through maceration extraction with 96% ethanol solvent. Lotion with the active substance of buas-buas leaf extract was made with concentration variations of 1, 2, and 3%. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of the lotion was tested with organoleptic observation parameters, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. Then, it was tested for sunscreen potential using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 22 software, namely the One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test. The results of the study were the three lotion formulas of buas-buas leaf extract met all the requirements of the physical characteristics evaluation test. The SPF value of F1 (1%) is 7.12 (extra protection), F2 (2%) is 9.54 (maximum protection) and F3 (3%) is 15.68 (ultra protection). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of buas-buas leaf extract meets the requirements of evaluating the physical characteristics of lotions and has activity as a sunscreen.

In long-term care facilities the treatment of skin tears often takes a lot of nursing time, is costly and can negatively impact the residents' quality of life. The purpose of this clinical review was to investigate whether the application of moisturising lotion is beneficial in skin tear reduction in older adults residing in long-term care facilities. A literature review of original studies investigating the effect of moisturising lotion on skin tears in older adults (65+ years) was conducted. Results indicate that a minimum of twice daily application of moisturising lotion with neutral pH can reduce skin tears by 50% compared to usual care. Therefore, routine skin moisturising is recommended as one component of a skin tear prevention programme for this demogrpahic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high molecular flame retardant and dust inhibitor lotion was synthesized from 9,10-dihydn> 9-oxa-10-phaphenanthroline-10-oxide (DOPO), vinyl trimeth oxy silane (YDH-171), methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) by traditional free radical polymerization. The structure of the product was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA, and its water retention, wind erosion resistance, rain resistance and compression resistance were tested. The results show that the prepared lotion is stable, the particle size distribution is uniform, and the film is flexible after drying. The water retention, wind erosion resistance, rain resistance and compression resistance of coal samples treated with flame retardant and dust suppressant have been significantly improved compared with raw coal samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemongrass consists of two types that have many benefits. Its use in research or in processing using its stems alone causes lemongrass leaf waste which can be used as an essential oil and used as an anti-mosquito lotion to reduce the use of chemicals as repellent. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of lemongrass essential oil, to determine the protective power of each concentration of citronella essential oil in lotion in repelling mosquito bites, and to determine the level of preference for mosquito repellent lotion. The average yield with three repetitions followed by standard deviation (SD) was 0.1% ± 0.0024% b/b. Lotion preparation provides different protection during 6 hours of exposure, namely K- and F1 no protection, F2 for 2 hours, F3 and K+ 4 hours and F4 5 hours. Based on all parameters, the most preferred formulation is F1 and does not give sensitive reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way to avoid UV radiation is to use sunscreen lotion. Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera L.) contains 46 types of antioxidants and 36 anti-inflammatory compounds that have the potential as sunscreens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of concentration of Moringa leaf extract on the SPF value, to analyze the quality of the lotion produced and the level of probandus preference for sunscreen lotions. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, FMIPA Unud, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis and Pharmaceutical Analysis, FMIPA Unud, and the Integrated Research Laboratory of Unud. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) using 0% concentration of Moringa leaf extract; 0.5%; 1%; 1.5% and 2%. Parameters tested include; organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, hedonic and the determination of SPF number with in vitro technique. The results of the study show that the pH, homogeneity and viscosity tests of F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4 have met the requirements of SNI. The SPF value of each formula is 5.6780; 9.7605; 19.0299; 38.0369; 68.8832. Statistical analysis of pH and viscosity showed that there were different variations in each formulation. Statistical analysis of the hedonic test showed that there was no difference in variation in each formulation. As the addition of moringa leaf extract to sunscreen lotion, the higher the SPF number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Caprine milk has beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thus the potential to be developed as a topical formulation against the skin-aging process. However, the influence of temperature during topical formulation storage from caprine milk must be explored. Aims: To analyze the physical stability and heavy metal contents of skin lotion from caprine milk, yogurt, and kefir. Methods: All lotions were storage at different conditions, such as 4°C, 25°C without light exposure (LE), 25°C with light exposure, and 33°C for 12 months. The characteristics of color, aroma, separation, viscosity, pH level, and heavy metals were determined periodically. Results: Yogurt lotions showed more maintained color, aroma, and separation under different storage conditions than milk and kefir lotions. The viscosity of all samples was relatively stable, with a minor reduction at 33°C of temperature storage. The longer duration of storage reduced the pH level for all lotions. Heavy metals were slightly detected in safe range values. Conclusions: This study concludes that the physical characteristics of lotions made from caprine milk, yogurt, and kefir were relatively stable during the different storage conditions, and these lotions are proposed as a safe topical formulation for skin application.

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Chalcone is flavonoids class that have activity as sunscreen. The objective of this research is to find out the optimum formula of chalcone lotion, physical properties and stability of optimum formula lotion o/w, and sunscreen activity by spectrofotometry.         The optimum formula was obtained by Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method using Design Expert® version 10. To determine the optimum formula used three responses, namely viscosity, spreading, and adhessiveness. The physical properties of the lotion o/w were carried out including spreading test, adhessiveness test, and viscosity. The physical stability test of lotion o/w was done by cycling test. The sunscreen lotion activity o/w is determined by spectrophotometry by determining SPF, %Erythema Transmission, and %Pigmentation Transmission. Data were analyzed by t-test and One Way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the optimum lotion formula was found in combination of 2.40% cetyl alcohol, 0.36% carbopol, and 5.74% glycerin. The optimum formula of chalcone lotion has a viscosity of 73.48 ± 6.18 dPas, adhesiveness of 7.14 ± 1.26 seconds, and a spreading power of 24.99 ± 1.11 cm2. The results of statistical analysis showed that the lotion has a pretty good stability. Lotion has activity as sunscreen at concentration of chalcone in lotion 0,05% with SPF 36,927 and can provide protection against erythema and pigmentation.

Long term use of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) in insect repellents can cause some effects such as mild irritation, itching, rash, urticaria, contact dermatitis, swelling and seizures. In addition, DEET can also contaminate aquatic environments. Because of these side effects, it is necessary to look for alternative repellents. Betel leaves (Piper betle Linn.) and Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus [L.] Rendle) contain essential oils that repel insects. This study aimed to develop an effective, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable natural insect repellent by formulating a mosquito-repellent lotion from betel leaves and citronella grass essential oils. The betel leaves and citronella grass essential oils were formulated into a lotion with three concentrations (1, 5, 10% w/w). Evaluation of lotions stored at 1% (F1), 5% (F2), and 10% (F3) concentration was conducted in 7 cycles of freeze-thaw. Lotion quality was analyzed for organoleptic, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, stability and skin sensitivity. The evaluation results showed that the four lotion formulae were stable, did not cause skin irritation, were homogeneous, and had a pH of 7. The results of the centrifugation test showed that 1% lotion was stable, while 5% and 10% had phase separation. The protection against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes at 1hr, 2hrs and 3hrs was 68.73%, 95.83% and 100%, respectively. The repellent activity of lotions with betel leaves and citronella grass oils was concentrationdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of oral and topical sodium bicarbonate (SB) on soccer-specific performance during simulated soccer exercise. In a block randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 10 collegiate male soccer players (stature: 181.7 ± 3.2 cm, body mass: 81.7 ± 10.5 kg) performed soccer-specific performance tests (countermovement jumps, Illinois agility, 8 × 25 m repeated sprints) throughout a 90-min soccer-specific aerobic field test (SAFT90) following 0.3 g/kg body mass SB in capsules (SB-ORAL), 0.9036 g/kg body mass PR Lotion (SB-LOTION), or placebo capsules and lotion (PLA). Soccer-specific performance tests were conducted pre-SAFT90, during half-time and post-SAFT90. Blood samples were analyzed for acid-base balance (pH; bicarbonate, HCO3-) and strong ions (sodium, Na+; potassium, K+). Average sprint times were quicker for SB-ORAL than PLA during half-time (3.7%; p = .049; g = .57) and post-SAFT90 (4.9%; p = .041; g = .66). SB-ORAL increased pH and HCO3- prewarm-up and during half-time (p < .05), and lowered K+ during half-time (p = .035) compared with PLA. SB-LOTION increased pH (p = .019) and lowered K+ (p = .012) during half-time compared with PLA. SB-LOTION increased Na+ postexercise compared with PLA (p = .008). Repeated sprint times during simulated soccer exercise improved for SB-ORAL, which might have been mechanistically underpinned by elevated blood buffering capacity and greater regulation of strong ion concentration. Consuming SB in capsules is a more effective strategy than topical SB application for improving blood buffering capacity and repeated sprint performance throughout competitive soccer matches.

The concept of mixed solvency is an emerging field which can serve as a new method for solubility enhancement and therefore deserves urgent attention of the scientific community to assess its efficiency and applicability. Mixed solvency concept suggests that each substance present on the earth whether solid, liquid or gas has solubilizing power. An objective of the present research was to develop an aqueous based diclofenac sodium lotion and to prove solubilizing power of solid substances. The described research is one typical example where safe concentrations of solid additives have been used to prepare aqueous based topical lotion (solution) of diclofenac sodium (a sparingly water soluble drug as per IP solubility descriptive term). Conventionally, diclofenac sodium is a drug of first choice as NSAID in the treatment of osteoarthritis, due to its less dose and lesser side effects as compared to other drugs. Diclofenac or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and other NSAIDs produce their anti-inflammatory analgesic action through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In the present research, blend of caffeine and niacinamide is used as solubilizer for solubility enhancement of diclofenac sodium. Approximate solubility of diclofenac sodium in DM water at room temperature was 1.2 % w/V. An aqueous blend containing two solid additives, namely niacinamide (5 % w/V) and caffeine (5 % w/V) was observed to have approximate solubility of diclofenac sodium 10 % w/V at room temperature. Therefore, a topical lotion of diclofenac could be developed. Diclofenac sodium, vitamin B3 (niacinamide), caffein, glycerin and sodium sulfite, were used for preparing topical formulation. Selection of solubilizers was done on the basis of solubility studies in various blends of solubilizers. Aqueous diclofenac lotion was formulated and in vitro evaluation was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The skin is the organ that covers the entire human body and serves to protect the body from outside influences, so that the skin needs to be protected. The process of destruction of the skin characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, dried and cracked. Skin damage can occur due to the sun's rays. Antioxidants are needed to prevent, inhibit structural damage of the skin. This study aims to determine the best concentration from a combination of Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract and dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton & Rose) peel extract in lotion formulation. The research was conducted by making extract preparation and formulate in lotion by differentiating its concentration F1 (5%:5%), F2 (3%:6%), F3 (7%:3.5%). The results: Lotion of combination Clitoria ternatea L flower and dragon fruit peel extract with concentration F3 (7%:3.5%), showed the best effect, because it gives higher moisture increase compared to initial conditions, from to 32.6% become 65.2% after 4 weeks of usage. The conclusion: Combination Clitoria ternatea L. flower and dragon fruit peel extract can be formulated as a moisturizing lotion and with best combination in 7%: 3.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Successful clinical data on halobetasol propionate 0.01%/tazarotene 0.045% (HP/TAZ) lotion in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis are published. This article charts its formulation development. Methods Dermal deposition, clinical efficacy, and synergistic effect of HP and TAZ delivered by polymeric emulsion technology was compared to HP 0.05% cream (Ultravate) and TAZ 0.1% cream (Tazorac); skin hydration and barrier maintenance with vehicle lotion through Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and corneometry using human cadaver tissue; and steroid potency by vasoconstrictor assay (VCA) in healthy volunteers. Safety and tolerability evaluated in clinical studies and patient preference questionnaire. Results HP/TAZ lotion, using polymeric emulsion technology demonstrated better active ingredient delivery than HP 0.05% or TAZ 0.1% creams; supported by synergistic clinical data, with high HP potency outcome. Efficacy was rapid and sustained posttreatment. Layering TAZ 0.1% cream onto HP 0.05% cream had a negative effect on receptor phase levels. HP/TAZ lotion provided rapid and sustained increases in skin moisturization and gradually decreases in TEWL. Most subjects responded favorably to questions on the physical attributes of the vehicle lotion. Conclusions Fixed combination HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion formulation utilizing innovative polymeric emulsion technology and optimal selection of solvents/emollients/humectants, has recently been developed. Features inherent in technology translate into rapid, sustained efficacy, low irritation, and good patient acceptance.

Magnesium plays a role in nearly 600 important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in the body. In developing countries, 10-30% of people have a magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency can result in migraines, insomnia, leg cramps, anxiety, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc. Transdermal magnesium supplementation has been shown to be useful as a muscle relaxant in treating leg cramps. Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil contains antioxidants, anti-aging, amino acids, collagen, omega 3,6 and 9, complete vitamins and minerals that are widely used in cosmetics. This experimental study aims to obtain a combination lotion formula of magnesium oil and moringa seed oil that meets the requirements and functions as an intake of magnesium and antioxidants. The data obtained were compared with the standard requirements for topical lotion preparations. The formula is designed with a magnesium chloride concentration of 250 mg / 5 ml, with four concentrations of moringa seed oil F1 (3%), F2 (6%), F3 (9%), and F4 (12%). Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the dosage data was white, the semi-solid texture was easy to pour with a lavender aroma. All the formulas meet the requirements of pH (5,0-5,5) and some of the formulas meet the requirements of dispersion, specific gravity, viscosity. The Antioxidant activity of all formulas is very weak. Only one formula (F4) meets all the requirements for the lotion preparation.

Tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 (THPGV-0) is a curcumin metabolite analog which known has a higher antioxidant activity than Vitamin E. This compound has been formulated in lotion as antiaging cosmetics, but the irritation effect is unknown yet. This study aims to analyze the effect of variation of THPGV-0 concentration in lotion and emulgel formula toward acute dermal irritation. The concentrations of THPGV-0 varied to 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% in lotion/emulgel and tested for their physical properties such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. Acute dermal irritation test is done in accordance with the In vivo Nonclinical Toxicity Test Guidelines by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). This study showed that Primary Irritation Index (PII) value concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% THPGV-0 in lotion formula are 0.014, 0.014, and 0.028 (close to 0) and in emulgel formula are 0.08 at concentration of 0.1%, 0.33 at concentration of 0.2%, and 0.25 at concentration of 0.4%. PII of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% THPGV-0 in lotion and emulgel is included in negligible irritation response. Hence, the both of THPGV-0 formula in lotion and emulgel are considered safe to use on skin according to this study.

Our research aimed to extractCinnamomum burmannii stem barks usingethyl acetate solvent, which further followed by the investigation of for the sunscreen potential of the extract. Crude extract, subfraction, and pure isolate were used to prepare lotion formulations and tested for their sun protection factor (SPF) values. The results showed that lotionsprepared from the crude extract or its subfraction had effecacious sunscreen activity, reaching 38.15 ± 0.51. The pure isolate obtained was elucidated by analyzing the spectral data from 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR), 13C-NMR, Mass Spectrometry, and Fourier-TransformInfrared Spectroscopy. The pure isolate wasfound to be 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, €-having an SPF value of 33.62 ± 0.62, where its lotion formulation had an SPF value of32.14 ± 0.97. Viscosity and pH properties of the prepared lotion met the criteria from the Indonesian National Standard with spreadability and adhesiveness that are convenient for topical application. Taken altogether, the lotions prepared from ethyl acetate extract of C. burmannii could potentially be used as sunscreen agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Salah satu produk dari buah kelapa adalah Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku lotion. Krim lotion adalah bentuk emulsi setengah padat yang digunakan sebagai pelembab atau pemakaian pelindung pada kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) menentukan metode isolasi VCO yang tepat, sehingga dihasilkan rendemen tertinggi dan karakteristik yang baik, (2) menentukan rasio antara VCO dan air yang tepat dalam pembuatan lotion. Penelitian tahap I, yaitu menentukan metode isolasi VCO terdiri atas empat perlakuan, yaitu (1) metode asam, (2) metode enzimatis, (3) metode pengocokan dengan mixer, dan (4) metode sentrifugasi. Pengamatan pada VCO yang dihasilkan, yaitu rendemen, asam lemak bebas, dan kadar air. Penelitian tahap II, yaitu menentukan perbandingan VCO dan air, yaitu 0:83,4; 2:2,17; 2,25:1,92; 2,5:1,67; 2,75:1,42; dan 3:1,17. Pengamatan pada lotion meliputi uji homogenitas, uji stabilitas, uji pH, bobot jenis, dan uji organoleptik. Pengujian karakteristik VCO dan lotion dilakukan analisis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan dan uji Games Howell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode isolasi pengocokan dengan mixer menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi, kadar air dan asam lemak bebas yang memenuhi standar SNI, sehingga metode tersebut diaplikasikan dalam pembuatan lotion. Lotion yang memiliki nilai karakteristik mutu sesuai SNI dan organoleptik yang disukai adalah lotion dengan rasio penambahan VCO dan air 3:1,17 dengan nilai yang mendekati dengan lotion komersial.

Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains an essential oil that has extreme antiseptic power (bactericidal and fungicidal). Betel leaf (Piper betle) can be used in the treatment of Tinea versicolor or known in the community as panu. However, its use in the form of leaves is considered impractical by the public and also difficult to obtain. This research formulated betel leaf (Piper betle) into lotion preparations, so its use in the community can be more practical. This study aims to determine the type and concentration of the suspending agent used to produce lotion preparations from betel leaf extract (Piper betle), which has optimal physical quality. This research was an experimental study. The distillation of betel leaf (Piper betle) was carried out to get essential oils. The essential oils of betel leaf (Piper betle), which was used as an active substance in formulations, was 5%. Suspending agents that were used in this study were Arabic gum with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and CMC Na, with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%. The formulation of lotion preparations included organoleptic observation, pH test, homogeneity test, and adhesion test. Based on the physical quality test of the lotion preparations that had been conducted, it can be concluded that the lotion preparations of betel leaf extract with 20% concentration of Arabic Gum suspending agent had physical qualities in accordance with lotion dosage criteria.

Humans are known to be a continuous and potent indoor source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, little is known about how personal hygiene, in terms of showering frequency, can influence these emissions and their impact on indoor air chemistry involving ozone. In this study, we characterized the VOC composition of the air in a controlled climate chamber (22.5 m 3 with an air change rate at 3.2 h -1 ) occupied by four male volunteers on successive days under ozone-free (∼0 ppb) and ozone-present (37-40 ppb) conditions. The volunteers either showered the evening prior to the experiments or skipped showering for 24 and 48 h. Reduced shower frequency increased human emissions of gas-phase carboxylic acids, possibly originating from skin bacteria. With ozone present, increasing the number of no-shower days enhanced ozone-skin surface reactions, yielding higher levels of oxidation products. Wearing the same clothing over several days reduced the level of compounds generated from clothing-ozone reactions. When skin lotion was applied, the yield of the skin ozonolysis products decreased, while other compounds increased due to ozone reactions with lotion ingredients. These findings help determine the degree to which personal hygiene choices affect the indoor air composition and indoor air exposures.

Psoriasis is a lifelong disease associated with cycles of remission and relapse. Topical treatments are the front line of psoriasis therapy for most patients and have antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive mechanisms of action. Novel fixed-dose combinations of topical therapeutic agents are becoming increasingly available, leveraging multiple mechanisms of action to improve safety and efficacy with formulations that are easier to use and may allow for the use of lower doses of active ingredients. A fixed-combination lotion containing the potent-to-superpotent corticosteroid halobetasol propionate (HP) and the retinoid tazarotene (HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045%) was recently developed using polymeric emulsion technology. This new formulation technology allows for more uniform and efficient delivery of the active ingredients at lower doses than conventional monotherapy formulations of either ingredient while providing enhanced hydration and moisturization. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the therapeutic mechanisms of action of HP and TAZ, the rationale behind the development of HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion, and clinical trials data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability, and maintenance of therapeutic effect with HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful clinical data on halobetasol propionate 0.01%/tazarotene 0.045% (HP/TAZ) lotion in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis are published. This article charts its formulation development. Dermal deposition, clinical efficacy, and synergistic effect of HP and TAZ delivered by polymeric emulsion technology was compared to HP 0.05% cream (Ultravate) and TAZ 0.1% cream (Tazorac); skin hydration and barrier maintenance with vehicle lotion through Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and corneometry using human cadaver tissue; and steroid potency by vasoconstrictor assay (VCA) in healthy volunteers. Safety and tolerability evaluated in clinical studies and patient preference questionnaire. HP/TAZ lotion, using polymeric emulsion technology demonstrated better active ingredient delivery than HP 0.05% or TAZ 0.1% creams; supported by synergistic clinical data, with high HP potency outcome. Efficacy was rapid and sustained posttreatment. Layering TAZ 0.1% cream onto HP 0.05% cream had a negative effect on receptor phase levels. HP/TAZ lotion provided rapid and sustained increases in skin moisturization and gradually decreases in TEWL. Most subjects responded favorably to questions on the physical attributes of the vehicle lotion. Fixed combination HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion formulation utilizing innovative polymeric emulsion technology and optimal selection of solvents/emollients/humectants, has recently been developed. Features inherent in technology translate into rapid, sustained efficacy, low irritation, and good patient acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetics are an important aspect of the lives of many people. With an increasing demand for cosmetics, consumers pay more attention to their efficacy and composition. To improve their efficacy, prohibited substances, such as hormones, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, antifungals and antihistamines, may be added to cosmetics. We developed a rapid method for the multi-class analysis of drug residues in toner and lotion cosmetic samples using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC–Q–TOF–HRMS). The primary variables in the extraction and purification steps were studied to minimize the interference of the sample matrix. The non-information-dependent sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH®) mode was used to improve the data acquisition efficiency. The secondary product ion peak areas were used for quantification to obtain a satisfactory matrix effects. The validation experiments confirmed that the developed method exhibited good linearity (5–200 ng/L) with correlation coefficients (R) ≥ 0.9902. Our developed method was then successfully applied to 92 real cosmetic samples. The calibration curve established by this method can be used for retrospective quantitative analysis over long durations without re-calibration. This method is efficient and suitable for screening and controlling multi-class prohibited substances in the cosmetics industry to reduce potential risks. [Display omitted] • Rapid multi-class analysis of 100 drug residues in toner and lotion cosmetics. • Simple flow-through SPE sample extraction and purification. • HPLC–Q-TOF-HRMS analysis using SWATH® mode for efficient data collection. • Method validated with good sensitivity, accuracy, precision, linearity and LODs. • Successful application to 92 real cosmetic samples, no positive samples detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant used to promote hair growth. In this research, ethanolic extract of P.niruri was formulated into lotion because it was more evenly distributed and non sticky in use compared to cream and gel. The aims of this research is to determine the hair growth activity of the ethanolic extract of P.niruri and the effect of using menthol 1% as an enhancer in lotion formulation. In this research two formula were being tested where Formula I (F1) without menthol 1% and Formula II (F2) with menthol 1%. The 5% of extract was being used in the formulation. The lotion was applied to the rats skin and the hair length was measured on day 7, 14 and 21, while the hair weight was measured on day 21. The results showed that the average hair length on F2 (12.68 3.13 mm) was longer than the F1 (11.21 2.58 mm) although there was no significant difference between both formulas. The average hair weight on F2 (23.00 10.74 mg) was greater that the F1 which was only 15.83 6.11 mg. Both formulas have a longer hair growth activity compared to normal controls (10.74 0.86 mm). It can be concluded that the lotion of ethanolic extract of P. niruri could promote hair growth in white wistar rats and the addition of 1% menthol as an enhancer gave better hair growth activity in F2 group. ABSTRAK Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) adalah tanaman yang digunakan sebagai penumbuh rambut. Pada penelitian ini, ekstrak etanol meniran diformulasikan dalam sediaan losio karena penyebarannya lebih merata dan tidak lengket dalam penggunaanya dibandingkan sediaan krim dan gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sediaan losio ekstrak etanol meniran dan pengaruh penambahan mentol 1% dalam sediaan losio sebagai penumbuh rambut terhadap tikus putih jantan galur wistar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 formula yaitu Formula I (F1) tanpa mentol 1% dan Formula II (F2) dengan penambahan mentol 1%. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 5%. Sediaan losio kemudian diaplikasikan pada kulit tikus secara topikal dan selanjutnya panjang rambut diukur pada hari ke-7, 14 dan 21 sedangkan bobot rambut diukur pada hari ke-21. Hasil pengujian aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut pada hari ke-21 menunjukkan rata-rata panjang rambut, pada F2 memiliki aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut yang lebih panjang yaitu 12,68 3,13 mm dari pada F1 yaitu 11,21 2,58 mm meskipun perbedaannya tidak signifikan dan bobot rambut F2 sebesar 23,0010,74 mg lebih berat dari pada F1 yaitu 15,836,11 mg. Kedua formula memiliki aktivitas penumbuh rambut yang lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan kontrol normal (10,740,86 mm). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sediaan losio ekstrak etanol P.niruri memiliki aktivitas sebagai penumbuh rambut dan adanya penambahan mentol 1% sebagai enhancer memberikan pertumbuhan rambut yang lebih baik pada kelompok F2.

Abstract Dengue fever is vector borne disease by Aedes sp. mosquito. Insecticide was used wide spreadly to control this vector. The use of insecticide in long periode will arise problems such as polluting the environment, killing non-target organism, and causing vector resistant. It is need to looking for natural ingredient to use as the repellent of mosquitoes contact. Zodia plant (Evodia sauveolens) is contain active substances among other linanool and a-pinene which are natural active ingredients as mosquitoes repellent. The study aimed to determine the influence of lotion from Zodia leaves extract against Aedes sp. mosquitoes. The study design was post test only control. The result showed the highest protection lotion zodia leaf extract (Evodia sauveolens) against Aedes sp. was at concentration of 50% and 60%, ie 90% in the first hour. Long time protection longest power was concentration 60%, that can reached up to 6 hours at 16%. We can conclude that there was an influence of the application of lotion from Zodia leaves extract to the protection against Aedes sp. Abstrak Demam berdarah adalah penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes sp. Penggunaan insektisida merupakan cara yang sering digunakan. Namun demikian, penggunaan insektisida dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu tindakan pencegahan kontak nyamuk adalah dengan pemakaian repellent yang umumnya berbahan aktif kimia sintetis. Untuk itu perlu dicari bahan alami yang lebih aman, diantaranya penggunaan tanaman zodia (Evodia sauveolens) yang mengandung bahan aktif linanool dan a-pinene yang merupakan bahan alami penolak nyamuk. Metode penelitian ini post tes only control design. Pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode destilasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian lotion ekstrak daun zodia terhadap daya proteksi nyamuk Aedes sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya proteksi lotion ekstrak daun zodia (Evodia sauveolens) terhadap nyamuk Aedes sp. paling tinggi pada konsentrasi 50% dan 60% pada jam pertama yaitu 90 %. Daya proteksi terlama diperoleh pada konsentrasi 60% yang dapat mencapai jam ke-6 sebanyak 16%. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pengolesan lotion ekstrak daun zodia terhadap daya proteksi nyamuk Aedes sp.

Skin is the outermost part of the body which is susceptible to solar radiation. Excessive radiation from ultraviolet (UV) rays can harm the skin, such as premature aging effect, erythema, and even skin cancer. Antioxidant compounds are needed to protect the skin from excessive exposure of UV rays. The antioxidant can be useful as a defense system against free radicals, ultraviolet radiation, and air pollution. One source of antioxidant from nature is Catechins. Catechins are obtained from the isolation of gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb). Besides being useful as an antioxidant, Catechins also has antibacterial, antiseptic and wound healing effect. The antioxidant activity of Catechins can absorb UV rays, provides protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, and skin cancer. Therefore, the research is necessary to utilize the catechins in sunscreen lotion formulation. Catechins are isolated from gambir by maceration with hexane and ethyl acetate (polar, nonpolar and residual fractions). The fraction which yields the most catechins is used as the active substance in the formulation. The formulation is divided into 4 lotion formulas, namely Formula 1 with 0.5% catechins concentration, Formula 2 with 7.5% catechins concentration, Formula 3 with 1% catechins concentration, and Formula 4 without catechins substance. Physical stability test and effectiveness of sunscreen formulation are carried out on 4 lotion formulas. Physical stability tests included organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, and assessment of the effectiveness of sunscreen formulation by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer.

Objects: to examine the effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on the skin moisture among uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: the study was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test equivalent control group. The study population was 80 persons. Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect of skin moisture on the intervention group before and after being given Virgin Coconut Oil. Data were analyzed by pair t-test and independent test. Conclusion: There is no need for special emulsions such as Virgin Coconut Oil to moisturize the skin in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis because of using ordinary lotions can moisturize the skin, but it must be used regularly, twice a day after bathing, the lotion used must also be a lotion that does not contain mercury as well as chemicals that can harm the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess compatibility of tretinoin 0.05% acne lotion with foundation makeup. DESIGN: This was a single-center, evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomized to apply tretinoin 0.05% lotion to either the right or left side of the face before applying full-face foundation makeup. SETTING: Participants were enrolled at a single center in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Female individuals aged 18 to 50 years who used facial foundation makeup ≥5 days per week were included. MEASUREMENTS: Investigator-assessed grading for foundation coverage and participant evaluations of makeup appearance were conducted at post-makeup application (Post-Makeup) and Hour 6 (6H) timepoints. Antera 3D® images were taken for skin texture roughness analysis and tolerability evaluations were performed at baseline, post-tretinoin application, Post-Makeup, and 6H timepoints. RESULTS: A total of 30 participants were enrolled and 29 completed the study. There were no significant differences between tretinoin treated and untreated sides for any outcomes of investigator-assessed grading of foundation (percentage coverage, blotchiness, overall coverage, skin tone evenness, visual smoothness). There was a small but statistically significant worsening in percent coverage at 6H versus Post-Makeup on the untreated side, but not the treated side. As rated by participants, even/full coverage and skin smoothness were significantly better on the tretinoin-lotion treated versus the untreated side. Three-dimensional imaging showed there were no significant differences in skin roughness between the treated and untreated sides. Participants reported overall satisfaction with the tretinoin lotion-treated side. CONCLUSION: Tretinoin 0.05% lotion did not interfere with facial makeup application or wearability and was well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This particular study emphasis on the in vivo wound healing and in vitro antibacterial activity of herbal lotions preparated from Ethanolic extract of Justicia tranquebariensis, Aloe vera and Curcuma longa. Methods Each plant powder (10 g) was soaked in 30 ml of ethanol in a sterile bottle for 48 h at 4 °C. Herbal lotion formulation I (10%) and II (20%) was prepared. Antibacterial activity by Agar Well diffusion method for three medicinal plant lotions was tested against skin and wound pathogens, like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The excision wound model was employed for wound healing activity in albino rats. Healthy albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were taken for excision wound model. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals in each. The Group 1 is control. The Groups 2 and 3 animals were treated with 10% and 20% ointment of herbal lotion and Group 4 animals were treated with Soframycin that served as standard. All animals had free access to pelleted food and water. Temperature was maintained at 23 ± 1 °C. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Further sample tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed and blocked with paraffin at 40–60 °C, and then sectioned into 5 μm thick sections. The significance of differences between the means was analyzed by student’s t- test followed by Turkey’s test. Results Complete wound healing was observed with lotion formulation I and II treated rats in 15 days as that of Soframycin ointment. These findings were further confirmed by histological examination of granulation tissue with a lesser amount of collagination and absence of inflammatory cells. Conclusion The findings from this research indicates that the ethanol extract of Justicia tranquebariensis, Aloe vera and Curcuma longa are effective in inhibiting the growth of wound associated pathogen and faster the process of wound healing.

Naoko Okamoto,1 Kaori Umehara,1 Junko Sonoda,1 Mitsuyuki Hotta,2 Hiroki Mizushima,1 Yutaka Takagi,1 Keiko Matsuo,3 Naoko Baba4 1Skin Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, 2Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, 3Office of the President, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, 4Department of Dermatology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan Objective: Despite the application of skin care treatments, many infants have skin problems such as dryness and erythema. We proposed a new combination skin care for infants which consisted of a foaming cleanser with lower surfactant activity and moisturizers that contained pseudo-ceramide. Subjects and methods: A total of 50 infants (age: 3–24 months) with insignificant levels of dry skin were enrolled in this usage trial. The parents washed the infants with the test cleanser while bathing and then applied the moisturizer (lotion or cream) containing pseudo-ceramide. Prior to and following the 4-week usage period, visual evaluation of the skin condition was conducted by a dermatologist, in addition to instrumental analysis. Results: Erythema and papule, accompanied by dryness, were commonly observed at week 0. However, by week 4, these symptoms significantly improved; the condition of none of the subjects deteriorated. The number of infants with lower cutaneous barrier function and higher skin pH decreased. The parents of the infants recognized improvements in the skin symptoms and were appreciative of the test materials. Conclusion: The combined usage of the foaming cleanser with lower surfactant activity and a moisturizer containing pseudo-ceramide may be effective in maintaining healthy infant skin and ameliorating the skin symptoms. Keywords: infant, cleanser, lotion, cream, dryness

An ultrasonic nebulization-dispersive solid-phase-monolithic microcolumn extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed and applied for the extraction and analysis of 15 sex steroids in lotion samples. In this method, the analytes were microextracted from a liquid phase to a dispersive solid phase, and then, a monolithic microcolumn was prepared with these dispersive solid-phase particles using our device. In this way, a more efficient extraction method was developed. Several experimental parameters, including the extraction sorbent, amount of the adsorbent, extraction time, and extraction temperature, were optimized. Calibration curves for steroid concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 1461.00 ng mL−1 were obtained for analyzing the sex steroids. The recoveries in the determination of the sex steroids were between 53.19 and 96.99%, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.58 to 7.52%. These results indicated that the proposed method is a fast, sensitive, low-cost, and highly efficient extraction and enrichment technique for the analysis of nonvolatile analytes in liquid samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) containing eugenol has an anti-inflammatory activity. The study was aimed to develop the formulation of lotion by adding of oleic acid and propylene glycol as penetration enhancer. The effect of enhancer composition was also studied. Lotion was prepared with the composition of oleic acid (AO) and propylene glycol (PG) as follow: 1:0 (FI), 0,5:0,5 (FII), 0:1 (FIII). Capacity an anti-inflammatory of formulation based on parameters of the amount of cells with COX-2 expression, the number of inflammatory cells and the epidermis thickness was evaluated using male mouse strain BALb/C induced by crotton oil as inflammatory agents. The results showed that the increasing composition propylene glycol caused the decreasing of the amount of cells with COX-2 expression (p

Sunburn, premature aging and skin cancer due to the exposure of UV radiation especially UVA and UVB, became one of the causes the cosmetic products commercialization containing sunscreen compound increase. Red rice as one of the natural ingredient was reported have sunscreen activity as its containing anthocyanin pigments. This study was conducted to formulate the ethanolic extract of red rice into the sunscreen lotion form that has the sunscreen activity and stable. The extraction was done using maceration method with 96% ethanol as a solvent. Pysical stability and sunscreen effectiveness studies were done to the three formula lotions containing ethanolic extract respectively of 2.5% (Formula A), 5% (Formula B) and 10% (Formula C). All lotions were scented of typical rose oil in semi-solid form with an average value of viscosity were of 90-100 dPa.s. The sunscreen lotions were colored white to white dark peach. The studies showed the stability of all lotion preparations remained homogeneous and did not undergo a phase inversion with the emulsion type of oil in water (O/W) through cycling test. Unfortunately the distinctive odor of rose oil were reduced and the dosage form became more dilute caused the spread force became larger. The studies also showed the sunscreen effectiveness of SPF values were increase as the increasing of the extract concentration. The SPF value for each formula were 5.30 (moderate protection), 6.30 (extra protection) and 7.00 (extra protection). The base components of lotion did not affect the sunscreen activity with SPF values of 1.76 (not effective).

Sunscreen can protect the skin from the UV radiation. One of the plants that have the potential to be utilized as active ingredients of sunscreen lotion is miana leaves (Coleus atropurpureus Benth). Lotion made in 3 formulas F1, F2 and F3. Lotion tested its stability with a freeze-thaw method, and evaluated organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and scatterness and tested sunscreen activity of lotion preparation. The preparation shows good homogeneity, and has oleum rosae odor and a thick consistency with the lotion color is brown (F1), dark brown (F2) and slightly greenish brown (F3). Spreading, viscosity, and pH of the lotion meet the Indonesia Standart requirement. The lotion formula comes in the category of fast tanning (F2) and extra protection (F3) sunscreen.

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