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This study describes the use of a novel activated carbon (AC) adsorbent produced from pig hoove waste for the effective removal of Methyl Green (MG) from aqueous solutions. The AC, synthesized through KOH activation, boasts a substantial surface area of 334.031 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.007 cm³/g. Comprehensive characterization was performed using proximate and ultimate (CHNS) analysis, BET, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, particle size analysis, zeta potential and zero-point charge (pHZPC). Adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm model exceptionally well (R2 = 0.99) indicating monolayer adsorption and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics implying chemisorption. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of the MG dye is a spontaneous and endothermic phenomenon. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations elucidated the adsorption mechanism, highlighting the critical role of oxygen functional groups. The AC's unique properties enabled the development of a bio-adsorbent carbon column capable of removing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from raw water samples with a 99% removal efficiency. The study also explored the potential for AC regeneration, demonstrating its versatility and sustainability for various applications. This research not only presents an efficient method for dye removal but also underlines the significance of repurposing waste materials, thereby supporting waste reduction and promoting eco-friendly practices for long-term environmental solutions and pollutant mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant and pressing worldwide health concern, necessitating the quest for enhanced antidiabetic pharmaceuticals. Guanidine derivatives, notably metformin and buformin, have emerged as pivotal therapeutic agents for T2DM management., Aims: The present study introduces an efficient one-pot synthesis method for the production of symmetrical guanidine compounds., Methods: This synthesis involves the reaction of isothiocyanates with secondary amines, employing an environmentally friendly and recyclable reagent, tetrabutylphosphonium tribromide (TBPTB)., Results: A comprehensive assessment of the biological activity of the synthesized guanidine compounds, specifically in the context of T2DM, has been rigorously conducted., Conclusion: Additionally, computational analyses have unveiled their substantial potential as promising antidiabetic agents. Results highlight the relevance of these compounds in the ongoing pursuit of novel therapeutic solutions for T2DM.