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Abstract: This article focuses on the use of the historic city of Constantine in Algeria as a flagship for cultural tourism branding and marketing strategy, with a view to placing it as one of significant importance in the popularization of the region’s tourism among tourists. Most famous for its geography and history, Constantine is characterized by architectural monuments, traditional crafts, and a culture kept alive through generations and immersed in the city’s influences and colonialism. In an attempt to expose the strengths of cultural tourism, the study also tries to establish how tourist-appealing elements such as historical monuments and art galleries, museums, and festivals affect the economic development of the area. Moreover, it addresses ways of effectively advertising Constantine not only as an independent tourist attraction but also as a starting point for other cities with appealing historical and cultural heritage, thus ensuring the comprehensive development of cultural tourism destinations in Algeria. All this suggests how this inquiry can reveal how Constantine could be the primary embodiment of cultural tourism that is capable of furthering the portrayal and appreciation of Algeria’s diverse and compelling history, both for the country’s own inhabitants and potential tourists from elsewhere in the world. Keywords: Local Culture, Tourism, Constantine City, Tourist Attractions, Algerian Cities.

Abstract: Algeria's public sector has seen a big change. It's gone digital. Now, for different sectors, there are apps and online portals. These tools make it easy to get documents you need. It is simpler to follow official procedures. Better public services in education, job training, and healthcare. This write-up also explores how to tackle social and economic problems. This is done with ideas that boost job creation, investment, tax gathering, and money management. Such methods have hurried along the shift in public utilities. It has also quickened the change from paper to digital in official processes. Keywords: E-Digitization, Effectiveness, Public Service, Algerian Administration

Introduction: Secretory carcinoma, previously known as mammary analog secretory carcinoma, is a rare malignancy of salivary glands. It has a diversity of microscopic patterns and is similar to other salivary gland tumors. Case Report: This report presents the case of a 32-year-old female patient with a painless swelling of the upper lip and a history of recent surgery for an immature ovarian teratoma. The microscopic sections revealed a circumscribed neoplasm composed of macrocystic, papillary-cystic, and microcystic patterns with bland vesicular nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm. Tumoral cells were strongly positive for mammaglobin, SOX10, GATA3, S-100, and vimentin. The diagnosis of salivary gland secretory carcinoma was made. After 22 months, there has been no recurrence. Conclusions: As secretory carcinoma is a relatively new entity, it is necessary to understand its characteristics. Although the overall incidence of second primary cancer in patients with salivary gland cancers is low, the possibility of its presence in such patients should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionA hydatid cyst of the head and neck is a very rare condition, even in areas where Echinococcus infestation is endemic.Case reportWe report a rare case of primary hydatid cyst of the right maxillary sinus in a 40-year-old man. The initial diagnosis of the presence of a cystic mass was the result of physical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan. We resected the cystic mass using the Caldwell-Luc procedure. A definitive diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative histopathologic examination.ConclusionHydatid cyst of the maxillary sinus is an extremely rare presentation. However, this condition should be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the maxillary sinus.

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is an unusual benign mesenchymal neoplasm with Schwann cells origin. The most common site is the dorsum of the tongue. It has a striking tendency to occur in females and is more frequent in adult patients. GCT typically shows an asymptomatic, slow-growing, single nodule. Histopathologically, it reveals a proliferation of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm penetrating the adjacent muscles. In some cases, the overlying epithelium demonstrates pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which can complicate its precise diagnosis and may mimic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This paper presents a 58-year-old woman with a chief complaint of painless mass on the dorsal of the tongue for two years. The lesion was pink and circumscribed with firm consistency measuring 1×1cm. The surface of the lesion was intact. Microscopic examination demonstrated unencapsulated sheets of large, polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm, and vesicular nuclei. The overlying epithelium showed florid PEH and keratin pearl formation. S100 protein was positive diffusely. The diagnosis of oral GCT was made. Though GCT is a non-aggressive lesion, it may be confused with SCC due to florid PEH and keratin pearl formation. Although PEH is a neglected topic among oral pathologists, it is of great importance in the field of research. Diagnosis can sometimes be problematic because they mimic other lesions. The pathogenesis of PEH is still uncertain. Therefore, familiarity with these characteristics and determining the cause of the PEH leads to correct treatment. This article intends to raise the insight of oral pathologists about PEH in oral lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two highly sensitive and selective methods based on fluorescence (FL) and chemiluminescence (CL) emissions of 8-mercaptoquinoline-capped CdS quantum dots (MCQ-CdS QDs) were described for the determination of copper (II) [...]

Abstract: A rapid and efficient solid phase extraction method was established for the preconcentration of codeine prior to its simple determination by spectrophotometry. The extraction process is based on the [...]

Accurately predicting the sales trajectory of a product is critically important for firms' medium- and long-term planning. However, reliable sales prediction models are very difficult to find when repeat purchases or subscription renewals account for a large proportion of product sales, which is often the case for technological products. This study introduces a new sales growth model, the generalized diffusion model with repeat purchases (GDMR), to address this problem. The GDMR draws upon a branch of mathematics called fractional calculus and formulates a product's sales growth rate using a novel noninteger-order integral equation. Compared with benchmark methods, the GDMR is simple and easy to implement, is suitable for a wide variety of products, and predicts better than benchmark models such as time series and machine learning models. Furthermore, the GDMR can reliably recover a product's progress of adoptions even when only sales data are available. Because of these important advantages, the GDMR can help firms better understand their products' market positions and, subsequently, make more informed decisions in production and inventory planning, transportation and logistics, and sales and marketing, thus improving the effectiveness and efficiency of their business operations. Accurately predicting the sales trajectory of a product in its life cycle is critically important for firms' medium- and long-term planning. Because classic product-diffusion models such as the Bass model consider only initial product purchases, they are ill-fitted for sales prediction for today's technology products with a shorter life cycle and frequent repeat purchases or subscription renewals. Despite the long tradition of product diffusion research, there exists no viable model option when repeat purchases constitute a large proportion of product sales. The present study introduces a new sales growth model, termed the generalized diffusion model with repeat purchases (GDMR), to fill this void. The GDMR formulates the growth rate of sales using a noninteger-order integral equation rather than the integer-order differential equation typically adopted in existing diffusion models. The GDMR is parsimonious and easy to implement. Empirical results show that the GDMR fits sales data with varying proportions of repeat purchases quite well, making it suitable for predicting sales of a wide variety of products. In addition, the GDMR can be extended to incorporate marketing mix variables, thus enhancing its applicability in business decision making. Furthermore, using both real and simulated data, we show that the GDMR can reliably recover a product's adoption trend using only sales data, thus cementing its theoretical validity and empirical effectiveness. Finally, we show that the GDMR is superior to generic time series and machine learning models in predicting future product sales. History: Ram Gopal, Senior Editor; Wenjing Duan, Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1131. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use planning has been mainly implemented based on land capabilities but rarely on land limitations such as air pollution. This study aims to simulate the optimal land use structure by incorporating the air quality into the land use planning process using MCE and MOLA in an industrialized area in Isfahan province, central Iran. To do so, we developed two scenarios as 'with-' and 'without-' considering the air pollution criterion. The optimal land use planning was applied for agricultural, urban, and industrial land uses. PM10 and NOX seasonal (winter) dispersion maps were used as the air pollution criterion which was simulated by AERMOD. We applied the Best Worst Method (BWM) to standardize and weight the physical, ecological, and socio-economic criteria. Accordingly, we used an Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) technique to combine the factors. Assuming 1% (1100 ha) of the land area available for future allocation to each land use, we compared the outcomes of both scenarios revealed a significant difference between the coverage of capable areas. The results of the "with" scenario indicated that approximately 11, 17, and 54% of the area that were, in fact, incapable for agricultural, industrial, and urban developments, respectively. These areas are detected as capable if we leave the air pollution criterion out. The findings demonstrated that to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to consider dynamic physical land components including air pollution along with ecological, physical, and socio-economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]