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4. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A., Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H., Bezemer, T. Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A. V., Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E., Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L., Furlong, Michael J., Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M., Hallmann, Caspar A., Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E., Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C., Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T. Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M., Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R., Lewis, Sara M., Lister, Bradford C., Losey, John E., Lowe, Elizabeth C., Macadam, Craig R., Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D., Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C., Painting, Christina J., Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G., Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L., Samways, Michael J., Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A., Schultz, Cheryl B., Soares, António O., Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M., Umbers, Kate D. L., Vet, Louise E. M., Visser, Marcel E., Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L., WallisDeVries, Michiel F., Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E., Wilkins, Vicky L., Williams, Paul H., Wyckhuys, Kris A. G., Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans

Published
2020
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13. A roadmap for ladybird conservation and recovery

Author

Soares, António O., Haelewaters, Danny, Ameixa, Olga M.C.C., Borges, Isabel, Brown, Peter M.J., Cardoso, Pedro, de Groot, Michiel D., Evans, Edward W., Grez, Audrey A., Hochkirch, Axel, Holecová, Milada, Honěk, Alois, Kulfan, Ján, Lillebø, Ana I., Martinková, Zdenka, Michaud, J.P., Nedvěd, Oldřich, Omkar, Roy, Helen E., Saxena, Swati, Shandilya, Apoorva, Sentis, Arnaud, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Viglášová, Sandra, Zach, Peter, Zaviezo, Tania, Losey, John E., Soares, António O., Haelewaters, Danny, Ameixa, Olga M.C.C., Borges, Isabel, Brown, Peter M.J., Cardoso, Pedro, de Groot, Michiel D., Evans, Edward W., Grez, Audrey A., Hochkirch, Axel, Holecová, Milada, Honěk, Alois, Kulfan, Ján, Lillebø, Ana I., Martinková, Zdenka, Michaud, J.P., Nedvěd, Oldřich, Omkar, Roy, Helen E., Saxena, Swati, Shandilya, Apoorva, Sentis, Arnaud, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Viglášová, Sandra, Zach, Peter, Zaviezo, Tania, and Losey, John E.

Abstract

Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provide services that are critical to food production, and they fulfill an ecological role as a food source for predators. The richness, abundance, and distribution of ladybirds, however, are compromised by many anthropogenic threats. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge of the conservation status of most species and the factors driving their population dynamics hinders the development and implementation of conservation strategies for ladybirds. We conducted a review of the literature on the ecology, diversity, and conservation of ladybirds to identify their key ecological threats. Ladybird populations are most affected by climate factors, landscape composition, and biological invasions. We suggest mitigating actions for ladybird conservation and recovery. Short-term actions include citizen science programs and education, protective measures for habitat recovery and threatened species, prevention of the introduction of non-native species, and the maintenance and restoration of natural areas and landscape heterogeneity. Mid-term actions involve the analysis of data from monitoring programs and insect collections to disentangle the effect of different threats to ladybird populations, understand habitat use by taxa on which there is limited knowledge, and quantify temporal trends of abundance, diversity, and biomass along a management-intensity gradient. Long-term actions include the development of a worldwide monitoring program based on standardized sampling to fill data gaps, increase explanatory power, streamline analyses, and facilitate global collaborations.

Published
2023

16. Parasites of Harmonia axyridis: current research and perspectives

Author

Haelewaters, Danny, Zhao, Serena Y., Clusella-Trullas, Susana, Cottrell, Ted E., De Kesel, André, Fiedler, Lukáš, Herz, Annette, Hesketh, Helen, Hui, Cang, Kleespies, Regina G., Losey, John E., Minnaar, Ingrid A., Murray, Katie M., Nedvěd, Oldřich, Pfliegler, Walter P., Raak-van den Berg, C. Lidwien, Riddick, Eric W., Shapiro-Ilan, David I., Smyth, Rebecca R., Steenberg, Tove, van Wielink, Paul S., Viglášová, Sandra, Zhao, Zihua, Ceryngier, Piotr, and Roy, Helen E.

Published
2017
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19. Corrigendum to “Insects and spiders on the web: Monitoring and mitigating online exploitation of species and services” [Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 36 (2022) e02098]

Author

Losey, John E., primary, Chen, Chang, additional, Davis, Abby E., additional, Deitsch, John F., additional, Gertin, Johanna G., additional, Gorneau, Jacob A., additional, Hallock, Eve M., additional, Jordán, Juan P., additional, Kim, Zoe J., additional, Kubinski, Emma G., additional, Laurenz, Nathan, additional, Li, Sarah B., additional, Mullen, Emma K., additional, O’Brien, Aoife, additional, Richardson, Leeah I., additional, Vincent, Sierra, additional, Wang, Steven Y., additional, Yarhouse, Emma L., additional, Schydlowsky, Andrew, additional, and Curtis, Paul D., additional

Published
2022
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26. Insects and spiders on the web: Monitoring and mitigating online exploitation of species and services

Author

Losey, John E., primary, Chen, Chang, additional, Davis, Abby E., additional, Deitsch, John F., additional, Gertin, Johanna G., additional, Gorneau, Jacob A., additional, Hallock, Eve M., additional, Jordán, Juan Pablo, additional, Kim, Zoe J., additional, Kubinski, Emma G., additional, Laurenz, Nathan R., additional, Li, Sarah B., additional, Mullen, Emma K., additional, O’Brien, Aoife, additional, Richardson, Leeah I., additional, Vincent, Sierra, additional, Wang, Steven Y., additional, Yarhouse, Emma L., additional, Schydlowsky, Andrew, additional, and Curtis, Paul D., additional

Published
2022
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34. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery: Correspondence

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, de Kroon, Hans, Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans

Published
2020

35. International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, de Kroon, Hans, Harvey, Jeffrey A, Heinen, Robin, Armbrecht, Inge, Basset, Yves, Baxter-Gilbert, James H, Bezemer, T Martijn, Böhm, Monika, Bommarco, Riccardo, Borges, Paulo A V, Cardoso, Pedro, Clausnitzer, Viola, Cornelisse, Tara, Crone, Elizabeth E, Dicke, Marcel, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B, Dyer, Lee, Ellers, Jacintha, Fartmann, Thomas, Forister, Mathew L, Furlong, Michael J, Garcia-Aguayo, Andres, Gerlach, Justin, Gols, Rieta, Goulson, Dave, Habel, Jan-Christian, Haddad, Nick M, Hallmann, Caspar A, Henriques, Sérgio, Herberstein, Marie E, Hochkirch, Axel, Hughes, Alice C, Jepsen, Sarina, Jones, T Hefin, Kaydan, Bora M, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Latty, Tanya, Leather, Simon R, Lewis, Sara M, Lister, Bradford C, Losey, John E, Lowe, Elizabeth C, Macadam, Craig R, Montoya-Lerma, James, Nagano, Christopher D, Ogan, Sophie, Orr, Michael C, Painting, Christina J, Pham, Thai-Hong, Potts, Simon G, Rauf, Aunu, Roslin, Tomas L, Samways, Michael J, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Sar, Sim A, Schultz, Cheryl B, Soares, António O, Thancharoen, Anchana, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Umbers, Kate D L, Vet, Louise E M, Visser, Marcel E, Vujic, Ante, Wagner, David L, WallisDeVries, Michiel F, Westphal, Catrin, White, Thomas E, Wilkins, Vicky L, Williams, Paul H, Wyckhuys, Kris A G, Zhu, Zeng-Rong, and de Kroon, Hans

Published
2020

45. Cover crop seed preference of four common weed seed predators.

Author

Youngerman, Connor Z., DiTommaso, Antonio, Losey, John E., and Ryan, Matthew R.

Subjects
SEED crops, COVER crops, WEED seeds, PEARL millet, TRITICALE, ITALIAN ryegrass, GRANIVORES
Abstract

Invertebrate seed predators (ISPs) are an important component of agroecosystems that help regulate weed populations. Previous research has shown that ISPs' seed preference depends on the plant and ISP species. Although numerous studies have quantified weed seed losses from ISPs, limited research has been conducted on the potential for ISPs to consume cover crop seeds. Cover crops are sometimes broadcast seeded, and because seeds are left on the soil surface, they are susceptible to ISPs. We hypothesized that (1) ISPs will consume cover crop seeds to the same extent as weed seeds, (2) seed preference will vary by plant and ISP species, and (3) seed consumption will be influenced by seed morphology and nutritional characteristics. We conducted seed preference trials with four common ISPs [Pennsylvania dingy ground beetle (Harpalus pensylvanicus), common black ground beetle (Pterostichus melanarius), Allard's ground cricket (Allonemobius allardi) and fall field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus)] in laboratory no choice and choice feeding assays. We compared seed predation of ten commonly used cover crop species [barley (Hordeum vulgare), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), cereal rye (Secale cereale), white mustard (Sinapis alba), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), red clover (Trifolium pratense), triticale (×Triticosecale) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)] and three weed species [velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi)]. All four ISPs readily consumed cover crop seeds (P < 0.05), but cover crops with hard seed coats and seed hulls such as hairy vetch and barley were less preferred. Our results suggest that farmers should select cover crop species that are avoided by ISPs if they plan on broadcasting the seed, such as with aerial interseeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. Apple grower pollination practices and perceptions of alternative pollinators in New York and Pennsylvania.

Author

Park, Mia G., Joshi, Neelendra K., Rajotte, Edwin G., Biddinger, David J., Losey, John E., and Danforth, Bryan N.

Subjects
POLLINATION, APPLE growers, HONEYBEES, INSECT pollinators, POLLINATION by bees, FARM size, AGRICULTURAL extension work, POLLINATORS
Abstract

Pollinator declines coupled with increasing demand for insect pollinated crops have the potential to cause future pollinator shortages for our most nutritious and valuable crops. Ensuring adequate crop pollination may necessitate a shift in pollination management, from one that primarily relies on the managed European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) to one that integrates alternative pollinators. While a growing body of scientific evidence supports significant contributions made by naturally occurring, native bees for crop pollination, translating research to practice requires buy-in from growers. The intention of agricultural extension is to address grower needs and concerns; however, few studies have assessed grower knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about native pollinators. Here we present findings from questionnaire-based surveys of over 600 apple growers in New York State and Pennsylvania, coupled with ecological data from bee surveys. This hybrid sociological and biological survey allows us to compare grower knowledge and perceptions to an actual pollinator census. While up to 93% of respondents highly valued importance of native bees, 20% growers did not know how much native bees actually contribute to their orchard pollination. Despite the uncertainty, a majority of growers were open to relying on native bees (up to 60% in NY and 67% in PA) and to making low-cost changes to their farm's management that would benefit native pollinators (up to 68 in NY and 85% in PA). Growers consistently underestimated bee diversity, but their estimates corresponded to major bee groups identifiable by lay persons, indicating accurate local knowledge about native bees. Grower reliance on honeybees increased with farm size; because native bee abundance did not measurably decrease with farm size, renting honeybees may be motivated by risk avoidance rather than grower perception of lower native bee activity. Demonstrated effectiveness of native pollinators and clear guidelines for their management were the most important factors influencing grower decision to actively manage orchards for native bees. Our results highlight a pressing need for an active and research-based extension program to support diversification of pollination strategies in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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50. Prey nutrient content creates omnivores out of predators.

Author

Ugine, Todd A., Krasnoff, Stuart B., Grebenok, Robert J., Behmer, Spencer T., Losey, John E., and Irwin, Rebecca

Subjects
STEROLS, BEETLES, APHIDS, PREDATION, WHEAT germ oil, PHYTOSTEROLS
Abstract

The proximate forces that create omnivores out of herbivores and predators have long fascinated ecologists, but the causal reasons for a shift to omnivory are poorly understood. Determining what factors influence changes in trophic position are essential as omnivory plays a central role in theoretical and applied ecology. We used sevenspotted lady beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) to test how prey nutrient content affects beetles' propensity to engage in herbivory. We show that beetles consuming an all‐prey diet demonstrate normal growth and development, but suffer a complete loss of fitness (spermatogenic failure) that is restored via herbivory and supplementation with phytosterols and cholesterol. Furthermore, we show that lady beetles possess a state‐dependent sterol‐specific appetite and redressed their sterol deficit by feeding on foliage. These results demonstrate that predators balance their nutrient intake via herbivory when prey quality is low, and reveal a selective force (sterol nutrition) that drives predatory taxa to omnivory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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