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This handbook was created to provide information and tools to different stakeholders within the field of migration, based on empirical research conducted as part of the PERCEPTIONS research project. PERCEPTIONS is a project funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme that conducts multidisciplinary research and innovative actions addressing questions related to migration. The project brings together 26 partners from different institutions (universities, research organisations, non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations and border authorities) and from 15 different European and Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. The PERCEPTIONS project investigates the various links between perceptions, information channels, challenges and policies related to migration. It explores how narratives, discourses and perceptions of Europe and of individual European countries1 influence decisions to migrate as well as experiences of migration, how these perceptions circulate and what challenges may arise throughout the migration process. Finally, the project identifies practices that can contribute to mitigating some of these challenges. Such interventions can involve migrants, front-line practitioners and local communities, or address the issue at the level of policy and legislation. The handbook is designed as an easy-to-use resource that aims to provide: Key insights and responses to common questions about the role of perceptions and narratives in decisions to migrate to Europe and subsequent experiences of migration, based on insights from the PERCEPTIONS project. Creative tools and good practices that tackle some of the challenges related to migration by engaging with communities at the local level. A review of immigration policies and recommendations for improvements as provided by the stakeholders we interviewed, followed by policy briefs compiled by the PERCEPTIONS research team.

Il 60% del territorio italiano è costituito dalle cosiddette "Aree Interne", oggetto, dal Secondo dopoguerra, di un forte processo di marginalizzazione rispetto ai centri urbani. L'abbandono graduale di queste aree e la più recente dislocazione dei circuiti di accoglienza nelle aree remo-te, hanno contribuito al ripopolamento di questi territori da parte di migranti e richiedenti asilo. A partire da una breve analisi delle principali politiche nazionali in materia di aree interne e di accoglienza, il saggio intende argomentare come sia possibile superare le polarizzazioni terri-toriali e le dicotomie sociali attraverso nuove narrazioni e forme di co-abitare sostenibili. L'indagine si focalizzerà sul modo in cui la rigenerazione delle aree interne possa legarsi alla presenza di migranti e richiedenti asilo, generando spazi di interazione e innovazione sociale, come dimostrano i progetti Welcoming Spaces e IT.A.CÀ, attivi nel territorio nazionale.

I significati che di volta in volta vengono attribuiti istituzionalmente e culturalmente a una parola determinano le modalità attraverso cui le azioni a essa legate verranno disciplinate, rappresentate e, di conseguenza, spazializzate. Durante l’emergenza SARS-CoV-2 la parola “assembramenti”, con le sue differenti traduzioni, è improvvisamente divenuta protagonista del dibattito istituzionale e mediatico italiano e internazionale. L’obiettivo del contributo è investigare la trasformazione del significato del termine – da sempre oggetto di diverse interpretazioni retoriche – nel contesto specifico della gestione della pandemia di SARS-CoV-2. Nel 2020 il termine “assembramenti” ricompare nel linguaggio istituzionale italiano attraverso il DPCM dell’8 marzo – in riferimento a provvedimenti che regolano dimensioni e caratteristiche dei locali aperti al pubblico per evitare sovraffollamenti – diventando fin da subito traduzione socio-spaziale del contagio.

El contexto de la pandemia ha desencadenado narrativas diferentes a las habituales sobre las “zonas del interior” de Italia, territorios despoblados ubicados principalmente en las cordilleras de los Apeninos y los Alpes. Aunque a menudo de manera simplista, ya no se entienden como un problema sino como un recurso. A partir de una introducción teórica sobre las relaciones socioecológicas y las prácticas narrativas en los territorios del interior, este capítulo presenta algunos ejemplos de ordenamiento territorial de abajo hacia arriba, promovidos por el Festival de Turismo Responsable IT.A.CÀ, capaces de aportar sentidos alternativos a estos territorios. Al deconstruir marcos mediáticos y políticos incoherentes, generar confianza en procesos innovadores de regeneración desde abajo, este capítulo persigue proporcionar un nuevo imaginario para territorios que de otro modo se considerarían marginales.

The concept of transparency is related to those of power, control and security to investigate how this has become, with today's normalization of state of emergency and logic of risk on global scale, a device that heterogeneous government institutions adopt in order to monitor flows, opinions and behavior of the population. The society of transparency, in economically and technologically more developed countries, is based on accessibility to data and people for the maintenance of the social-spatial order; it consolidates itself as a function of states of crisis and uses the digital space to regulate the physical one through technologies based on total visibility and transparency. This society acts on the population, which helps to consolidate it according to the narrative policy spread by institutions themselves. The two case studies considered in the article, iBorder Ctrl, an experimental project funded by the European Union, and the experimental project designed by the Chinese government, Social Credit System, illustrate the relations between transparency, power, control and security, highlighting the repercussions of monitoring on accessibility to physical space. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 health emergency, this order is increasingly consolidated through heterogeneous technologies for monitoring the population within a bio-security regime in which transparency plays a medical and preventive role.

In the lockdown period for the SARS-CoV-2 emergency, the ‹onlife› as an overcoming of the distinction between online and offline, has come to a complete fulfillment in the most economically and technologically developed countries, with the consequent proliferation of net-self and their forms of representation and expression in the immune digital space.

With the aim of opening a debate, still marginal in Italian architecture universities, that shows how the space is a product of heterogeneous socio-political practices and not just architectural ones, the thesis investigates from a theoretical and analytical point of view, and with a interdisciplinary approach, how contemporary nesting emergencies have consequences on the production of the social space – from the territorial to the individual scale. Understanding borders as interactive and biopolitical architectures, which are constructed and deconstructed according to the relationship between birth, nation and the risk factor attributed to each body, the research graphically translated what happens along European land and sea borders based on documents produced by the European Agencies that regulate the security of these spaces. Specifically, the thesis investigates, from 2006 to 2018 the suspension of the Schengen agreements along the area’s internal borders and the highly mobile geography of the European maritime border in the Mediterranean basin according to the military operations areas against migratory flows entering the European continent.

In the context of SARS-CoV-2 health emergency, strongly framed in the normalization of logic of risk, the authors analyze three digital platforms of contagion containment and population tracking in order to investigate, through a comparative-descriptive analysis, the relationship between different socio-political-cultural contexts and the respective responses adopted—the Chinese government tool Health Code, the South Korean app Corona100, and the Italian app, Immuni—to counter a single global emergency. The objective is to investigate the framing operations that introduced on a global scale the use of apps in bio-security and immunity regime for which individual privacy increasingly collides with collective security. The authors consider central the opening of a debate on how the logic of risk and worst case scenario are paradigmatic nowadays in the development of increasingly sophisticated systems, potentially invasive of privacy, even in function of complex threats interconnected on a global scale.

The contemporary urgency to face increasingly complex threats has consolidated a form of governance based on the logic of risk and the worst case scenario. Under this political regime, states of emergency and exception have progressively normalised. It follows the constant introduction of exception devices – ban-opticon – aimed at excluding specific groups framed by institutions as potential threats. These instruments act on space, both physical and virtual, configuring it in sequences of refuge spaces – to protect themselves from external threats – and enclave spaces – to close groups of people considered as threats.Starting from the condition of emergency and the spatialization of its effects, the Schengen refuge space and the Mediterranean enclave, whose borders take on different meanings and forms depending on the subject related to them, are investigated. The authors argue that multiple and heterogeneous states of crisis reveal the spatio-temporal and processual nature of contemporary borders. Keywords: state of emergency, European refuge and enclave, logic of risk, physical and digital space.Thematic clusters: 3. Urban dynamics Topic: Post-crisis cities and socio-spatial dynamics