160 results on '"Lorenz, Robert C."'
Search Results
2. User experience of applying AMSTAR 2 to appraise systematic reviews of healthcare interventions: a commentary
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De Santis, Karina Karolina, Pieper, Dawid, Lorenz, Robert C., Wegewitz, Uta, Siemens, Waldemar, and Matthias, Katja
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- 2023
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3. The Application of AMSTAR2 in 32 Overviews of Systematic Reviews of Interventions for Mental and Behavioural Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
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De Santis, Karina Karolina, Lorenz, Robert C., Lakeberg, Meret, and Matthias, Katja
- Abstract
'A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, version 2' (AMSTAR2) is a 16-item tool to critically appraise systematic reviews (SRs) of healthcare interventions. This study aimed to assess the methods and outcomes of AMSTAR2 appraisals in overviews of SRs of interventions for mental and behavioural disorders. The cross-sectional study was conducted using 32 overviews of SRs selected from three electronic databases in January 2021. Data items included overview and SR characteristics and AMSTAR2 appraisal methods and outcomes. Data were extracted by two authors independently and narratively synthesised using descriptive statistics (means ± SD and relative frequencies). SR characteristics were compared based on AMSTAR2 appraisal outcomes using chi-square tests. The 32 overviews appraised SRs of predominantly non-pharmacological interventions for mental disorders. AMSTAR2 appraisals were reported as confidence ratings in 25/32 overviews or individual item scores in 24/32 overviews. Most SRs/overview were non-Cochrane (mean = 94%), included RCTs only (mean = 77%) and were published before AMSTAR2 release (mean = 79%). The confidence ratings derived in 25 overviews for 349 SRs were predominantly critically low (68%). Confidence ratings were similar for SRs with RCTs only versus RCTs+non-RCTs or SRs published before versus after AMSTAR2 release, while Cochrane SRs received more high+moderate than low+critically low confidence ratings (p < 0.01). Confidence ratings derived based on AMSTAR2 do not differentiate among SRs of healthcare interventions except for Cochrane SRs that fulfil the criteria for high confidence ratings. AMSTAR2 items should be consulted to avoid common weaknesses in future SRs.
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- 2022
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4. On how natural and urban soundscapes alter brain activity during cognitive performance
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Stobbe, Emil, Lorenz, Robert C., and Kühn, Simone
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- 2023
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5. Effects of baclofen on insular gain anticipation in alcohol-dependent patients — a randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-fMRI pilot trial
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Pelz, Patricia, Genauck, Alexander, Lorenz, Robert C., Wüstenberg, Torsten, Wackerhagen, Carolin, Charlet, Katrin, Gleich, Tobias, Geisel, Olga, Heinz, Andreas, Müller, Christian A., and Beck, Anne
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- 2023
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6. Do Belonging and Social Exclusion at School Affect Structural Brain Development during Adolescence?
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Raufelder, Diana, Neumann, Nicola, Domin, Martin, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Golde, Sabrina, Romund, Lydia, Beck, Anne, and Hoferichter, Frances
- Abstract
Students' sense of belonging presents an essential resource for academic and health outcomes, whereas social exclusion at school negatively impacts students' well-being and academic performance. Aiming to understand how feelings of school-related belonging and exclusion shape the "structural" brain development, this study applied longitudinal questionnaire-based data and MRI data from 71 adolescent students (37 females, M[subscript age] at t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 years). All were white participants from Germany. Voxel-based morphometry revealed only an association of social exclusion (and not of belonging) and gray matter volume in the left anterior insula: From t1 to t2, there was less gray matter decrease, the more social exclusion students perceived. School-related social exclusion and disturbed neurodevelopment are thus significantly associated.
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- 2021
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7. Effects of stress on neural processing of combat-related stimuli in deployed soldiers: an fMRI study
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Lorenz, Robert C., Butler, Oisin, Willmund, Gerd, Wesemann, Ulrich, Zimmermann, Peter, Gallinat, Jürgen, and Kühn, Simone
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- 2022
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8. Fast‐and‐frugal decision tree for the rapid critical appraisal of systematic reviews.
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Lorenz, Robert C., Jenny, Mirjam, Jacobs, Anja, and Matthias, Katja
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DECISION trees , *CONFIDENCE - Abstract
Conducting high‐quality overviews of reviews (OoR) is time‐consuming. Because the quality of systematic reviews (SRs) varies, it is necessary to critically appraise SRs when conducting an OoR. A well‐established appraisal tool is A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2, which takes about 15–32 min per application. To save time, we developed two fast‐and‐frugal decision trees (FFTs) for assessing the methodological quality of SR for OoR either during the full‐text screening stage (Screening FFT) or to the resulting pool of SRs (Rapid Appraisal FFT). To build a data set for developing the FFT, we identified published AMSTAR 2 appraisals. Overall confidence ratings of the AMSTAR 2 were used as a criterion and the 16 items as cues. One thousand five hundred and nineteen appraisals were obtained from 24 publications and divided into training and test data sets. The resulting Screening FFT consists of three items and correctly identifies all non‐critically low‐quality SRs (sensitivity of 100%), but has a positive predictive value of 59%. The three‐item Rapid Appraisal FFT correctly identifies 80% of the high‐quality SRs and correctly identifies 97% of the low‐quality SRs, resulting in an accuracy of 95%. The FFTs require about 10% of the 16 AMSTAR 2 items. The Screening FFT may be applied during full‐text screening to exclude SRs with critically low quality. The Rapid Appraisal FFT may be applied to the final SR pool to identify SR that might be of high methodological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Authors should clearly report how they derived the overall rating when applying AMSTAR 2—a cross-sectional study
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Pieper, Dawid, Lorenz, Robert C., Rombey, Tanja, Jacobs, Anja, Rissling, Olesja, Freitag, Simone, and Matthias, Katja
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- 2021
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10. The methodological quality of systematic reviews on the treatment of adult major depression needs improvement according to AMSTAR 2: A cross-sectional study
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Matthias, Katja, Rissling, Olesja, Pieper, Dawid, Morche, Johannes, Nocon, Marc, Jacobs, Anja, Wegewitz, Uta, Schirm, Jaqueline, and Lorenz, Robert C.
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- 2020
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11. A psychometric study found AMSTAR 2 to be a valid and moderately reliable appraisal tool
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Lorenz, Robert C., Matthias, Katja, Pieper, Dawid, Wegewitz, Uta, Morche, Johannes, Nocon, Marc, Rissling, Olesja, Schirm, Jacqueline, and Jacobs, Anja
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- 2019
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12. Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study
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Beck, Anne, Pelz, Patricia, Lorenz, Robert C., Charlet, Katrin, Geisel, Olga, Heinz, Andreas, Wüstenberg, Torsten, and Müller, Christian A.
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- 2018
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13. Prefrontal-parietal effective connectivity during working memory in older adults
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Heinzel, Stephan, Lorenz, Robert C., Duong, Quynh-Lam, Rapp, Michael A., and Deserno, Lorenz
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- 2017
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14. Taking control! Structural and behavioural plasticity in response to game-based inhibition training in older adults
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Kühn, Simone, Lorenz, Robert C., Weichenberger, Markus, Becker, Maxi, Haesner, Marten, O'Sullivan, Julie, Steinert, Anika, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Brandhorst, Susanne, Bremer, Thomas, and Gallinat, Jürgen
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- 2017
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15. Functional changes in the reward circuit in response to gaming-related cues after training with a commercial video game
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Gleich, Tobias, Lorenz, Robert C., Gallinat, Jürgen, and Kühn, Simone
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- 2017
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16. Maternal parenting behavior and emotion processing in adolescents—An fMRI study
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Romund, Lydia, Raufelder, Diana, Flemming, Eva, Lorenz, Robert C., Pelz, Patricia, Gleich, Tobias, Heinz, Andreas, and Beck, Anne
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- 2016
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17. Frontal glutamate and reward processing in adolescence and adulthood
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Gleich, Tobias, Lorenz, Robert C., Pöhland, Lydia, Raufelder, Diana, Deserno, Lorenz, Beck, Anne, Heinz, Andreas, Kühn, Simone, and Gallinat, Jürgen
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- 2015
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18. Neural correlates of the self‐concept in adolescence—A focus on the significance of friends
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Romund, Lydia, Golde, Sabrina, Lorenz, Robert C., Raufelder, Diana, Pelz, Patricia, Gleich, Tobias, Heinz, Andreas, and Beck, Anne
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- 2017
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19. Adolescents' neural reactivity to acute psychosocial stress: dysfunctional regulation habits are linked to temporal gyrus response.
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Golde, Sabrina, Gleich, Tobias, Romund, Lydia, Stippl, Anna, Pelz, Patricia, Raufelder, Diana, Lorenz, Robert C., and Beck, Anne
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TEMPORAL lobe ,EMOTION regulation ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,CINGULATE cortex ,TEENAGERS ,INSULAR cortex - Abstract
Mid-adolescence is a critical time for the development of stress-related disorders and it is associated with significant social vulnerability. However, little is known about normative neural processes accompanying psychosocial stress at this time. Previous research found that emotion regulation strategies critically influence the relationship between stress and the development of psychiatric symptoms during adolescence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined neural responses to acute stress and analyzed whether the tendency to use adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies is related to neural and autonomic stress responses. Results show large linear activation increases from low to medium to high stress levels mainly in medial prefrontal, insulae and temporal areas. Caudate and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, neural areas related to reward and affective valuations, showed linearly decreasing activation. In line with our hypothesis, the current adolescent neural stress profile resembled social rejection and was characterized by pronounced activation in insula, angular and temporal cortices. Moreover, results point to an intriguing role of the anterior temporal gyrus. Stress-related activity in the anterior temporal gyrus was positively related to maladaptive regulation strategies and stress-induced autonomic activity. Maladaptive coping might increase the social threat and reappraisal load of a stressor, relating to higher stress sensitivity of anterior temporal cortices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Interactions between glutamate, dopamine, and the neuronal signature of response inhibition in the human striatum
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Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Buchert, Ralph, Schlagenhauf, Florian, Kühn, Simone, and Gallinat, Jürgen
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- 2015
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21. Subjective illusion of control modulates striatal reward anticipation in adolescence
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Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Kühn, Simone, Pöhland, Lydia, Pelz, Patricia, Wüstenberg, Torsten, Raufelder, Diana, Heinz, Andreas, and Beck, Anne
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- 2015
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22. Effect of brain structure and function on reward anticipation in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype
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Kappel, Viola, Lorenz, Robert C., Streifling, Martina, Renneberg, Babette, Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Ströhle, Andreas, Salbach-Andrae, Harriet, and Beck, Anne
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- 2015
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23. Chronic alcohol intake abolishes the relationship between dopamine synthesis capacity and learning signals in the ventral striatum
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Deserno, Lorenz, Beck, Anne, Huys, Quentin J. M., Lorenz, Robert C., Buchert, Ralph, Buchholz, Hans-Georg, Plotkin, Michail, Kumakara, Yoshitaka, Cumming, Paul, Heinze, Hans-Jochen, Grace, Anthony A., Rapp, Michael A., Schlagenhauf, Florian, and Heinz, Andreas
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- 2015
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24. Differential predictors for alcohol use in adolescents as a function of familial risk
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Tschorn, Mira, Lorenz, Robert C., O’Reilly, Paul F., Reichenberg, Abraham, Quinlan, Erin B., Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Ittermann, Bernd, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Poustka, Luise, Millenet, Sabina, Smolka, Michael N., Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Rapp, Michael A., Robbins, Trevor, Dalley, Jeffrey, Subramaniam, Naresh, Theobald, David, Mann, Karl, Bach, Christiane, Struve, Maren, Banaschewski, Tobias, Rietschel, Marcella, Spanagel, Rainer, Nees, Frauke, Fauth-Bühler, Mira, Grimmer, Yvonne, Lathrop, Mark, Heinz, Andreas, Albrecht, Lisa, Ivanov, Nikolay, Strache, Nicole, Rapp, Michael, Ströhle, Andreas, Reuter, Jan, Gallinat, Jürgen, Walter, Henrik, Gemmeke, Isabel, Genauck, Alexander, Parchetka, Caroline, Weiß, Katharina, Kruschwitz, Johann, Raffaelli, Bianca, Isci, Alev, Daedelow, Laura, Barbot, Alexis, Thyreau, Benjamin, Schwartz, Yannick, Lalanne, Christophe, Frouin, Vincent, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Rogers, John, Ireland, James, Lanzerath, Dirk, Feng, Jianfeng, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Bricaud, Zuleima, Briand, Fanny Gollier, LemaÎtre, Hervé, Miranda, Ruben, Artiges, Eric, Massicotte, Jessica, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Vulser, Helene, Pentillä, Jani, Filippi, Irina, Galinowski, André, Bezivin, Pauline, Cattrell, Anna, Jia, Tianye, Desrivières, Sylvane, Werts, Helen, Topper, Lauren, Reed, Laurence, Andrew, Chris, Mallik, Catherine, Ruggeri, Barbara, Nymberg, Charlotte, Barker, Gareth, Conrod, Patricia J., Smith, Lindsay, Loth, Eva, Havatzias, Stephanie, Shekarrizi, Sheyda, Kitson, Emily, Robinson, Alice, Hall, Deborah, Rubino, Chiara, Wright, Hannah, Stueber, Kerstin, Hanratty, Eanna, Kennedy, Eleanor, De Carvahlo, Fabiana Mesquita, Stringaris, Argyris, Robert, Gabriel, Ing, Alex, Macare, Christine, Xu, Bing, Yu, Tao, Quinlan, Erin Burke, Constant, Patrick, Aydin, Semiha, Brühl, Ruediger, Ihlenfeld, Albrecht, Walaszek, Bernadeta, Smolka, Michael, Hübner, Thomas, Müller, Kathrin, Ripke, Stephan, Jurk, Sarah, Mennigen, Eva, Schmidt, Dirk, Vetter, Nora, Ziesch, Veronika, Fröhner, Juliane H., Bokde, Arun L. W., Carter, Daniel, Walsh, Emily, O’Driscoll, Susanne, Agan, Maria Leonora Fatimah, McMorrow, Mairead, Nugent, Sinead, Connolly, Colm, Dooley, Eoin, Cremen, Clodagh, Jones, Jennifer, O’Keefe, John, O’Connor, Martin, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Büchel, Christian, Bromberg, Uli, Fadai, Tahmine, Yacubian, Juliana, Schneider, Sophia, Lobatchewa, Maria, Lawrence, Claire, Newman, Craig, Head, Kay, Heym, Nadja, Gowland, Penny, Stedman, Alicia, Kaviani, Mehri, Taplin, Susannah, Stephens, Dai, Paus, Tomáš, Pausova, Zdenka, Tahmasebi, Amir, Banaschewski, Tobias [0000-0003-4595-1144], Bokde, Arun L. W. [0000-0003-0114-4914], Quinlan, Erin B. [0000-0003-2927-1632], Desrivières, Sylvane [0000-0002-9120-7060], Gowland, Penny [0000-0002-4900-4817], Martinot, Jean-Luc [0000-0002-0136-0388], Artiges, Eric [0000-0003-4461-7646], Nees, Frauke [0000-0002-7796-8234], Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri [0000-0002-1242-8990], Fröhner, Juliane H. [0000-0002-8493-6396], Smolka, Michael N. [0000-0001-5398-5569], Walter, Henrik [0000-0002-9403-6121], Heinz, Andreas [0000-0001-5405-9065], Rapp, Michael A. [0000-0003-0106-966X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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631/208 ,article ,59/36 ,45/23 ,631/378 ,631/477 ,692/699/476/5 - Abstract
Traditional models of future alcohol use in adolescents have used variable-centered approaches, predicting alcohol use from a set of variables across entire samples or populations. Following the proposition that predictive factors may vary in adolescents as a function of family history, we used a two-pronged approach by first defining clusters of familial risk, followed by prediction analyses within each cluster. Thus, for the first time in adolescents, we tested whether adolescents with a family history of drug abuse exhibit a set of predictors different from adolescents without a family history. We apply this approach to a genetic risk score and individual differences in personality, cognition, behavior (risk-taking and discounting) substance use behavior at age 14, life events, and functional brain imaging, to predict scores on the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) at age 14 and 16 in a sample of adolescents (N = 1659 at baseline, N = 1327 at follow-up) from the IMAGEN cohort, a longitudinal community-based cohort of adolescents. In the absence of familial risk (n = 616), individual differences in baseline drinking, personality measures (extraversion, negative thinking), discounting behaviors, life events, and ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, while the overall model explained 22% of the variance in future AUDIT. In the presence of familial risk (n = 711), drinking behavior at age 14, personality measures (extraversion, impulsivity), behavioral risk-taking, and life events were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, explaining 20.1% of the overall variance. Results suggest that individual differences in personality, cognition, life events, brain function, and drinking behavior contribute differentially to the prediction of future alcohol misuse. This approach may inform more individualized preventive interventions.
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- 2021
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25. CID: a valid incentive delay paradigm for children
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Kappel, Viola, Koch, Anne, Lorenz, Robert C., Brühl, Rüdiger, Renneberg, Babette, Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Salbach-Andrae, Harriet, and Beck, Anne
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- 2013
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26. Reward anticipation in the adolescent and aging brain
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Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Beck, Anne, Pöhland, Lydia, Raufelder, Diana, Sommer, Werner, Rapp, Michael A., Kühn, Simone, and Gallinat, Jürgen
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- 2014
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27. AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating: lacking discriminating capacity or requirement of high methodological quality?
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Lorenz, Robert C., Matthias, Katja, Pieper, Dawid, Wegewitz, Uta, Morche, Johannes, Nocon, Marc, Rissling, Olesja, Schirm, Jacqueline, Freitag, Simone, and Jacobs, Anja
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- 2020
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28. Knowledge user survey and Delphi process to inform development of a new risk of bias tool to assess systematic reviews with network meta-analysis (RoB NMA tool)
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Lunny, Carole, Veroniki, Areti Angeliki, Hutton, Brian, White, Ian, Higgins, JPT, Wright, James M, Kim, Ji Yoon, Thirugnanasampanthar, Sai Surabi, Siddiqui, Shazia, Watt, Jennifer, Moja, Lorenzo, Taske, Nichole, Lorenz, Robert C, Gerrish, Savannah, Straus, Sharon, Minogue, Virginia, Hu, Franklin, Lin, Kevin, Kapani, Ayah, Nagi, Samin, Chen, Lillian, Akbar-nejad, Mona, and Tricco, Andrea C
- Abstract
BackgroundNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) is increasingly used in guideline development and other aspects of evidence-based decision-making. We aimed to develop a risk of bias (RoB) tool to assess NMAs (RoB NMA tool). An international steering committee recommended that the RoB NMA tool to be used in combination with the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool (i.e. because it was designed to assess biases only) or other similar quality appraisal tools (eg, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 [AMSTAR 2]) to assess quality of systematic reviews. The RoB NMA tool will assess NMA biases and limitations regarding how the analysis was planned, data were analysed and results were presented, including the way in which the evidence was assembled and interpreted.ObjectivesConduct (a) a Delphi process to determine expert opinion on an item’s inclusion and (b) a knowledge user survey to widen its impact.DesignCross-sectional survey and Delphi process.MethodsDelphi panellists were asked to rate whether items should be included. All agreed-upon item were included in a second round of the survey (defined as 70% agreement). We surveyed knowledge users’ views and preferences about the importance, utility and willingness to use the RoB NMA tool to evaluate evidence in practice and in policymaking. We included 12 closed and 10 open-ended questions, and we followed a knowledge translation plan to disseminate the survey through social media and professional networks.Results22 items were entered into a Delphi survey of which 28 respondents completed round 1, and 22 completed round 2. Seven items did not reach consensus in round 2. A total of 298 knowledge users participated in the survey (14% respondent rate). 75% indicated that their organisation produced NMAs, and 78% showed high interest in the tool, especially if they had received adequate training (84%). Most knowledge users and Delphi panellists preferred a tool to assess bothbias in individual NMA results andauthors’ conclusions. Response bias in our sample is a major limitation as knowledge users working in high-income countries were more represented. One of the limitations of the Delphi process is that it depends on the purposive selection of experts and their availability, thus limiting the variability in perspectives and scientific disciplines.ConclusionsThis Delphi process and knowledge user survey informs the development of the RoB NMA tool.
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- 2023
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29. The application of AMSTAR2 in 32 overviews of systematic reviews of interventions for mental and behavioural disorders: A cross‐sectional study.
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De Santis, Karina Karolina, Lorenz, Robert C., Lakeberg, Meret, and Matthias, Katja
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MENTAL illness , *CROSS-sectional method , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CONFIDENCE , *MEDICAL care cost statistics - Abstract
'A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, version 2' (AMSTAR2) is a 16‐item tool to critically appraise systematic reviews (SRs) of healthcare interventions. This study aimed to assess the methods and outcomes of AMSTAR2 appraisals in overviews of SRs of interventions for mental and behavioural disorders. The cross‐sectional study was conducted using 32 overviews of SRs selected from three electronic databases in January 2021. Data items included overview and SR characteristics and AMSTAR2 appraisal methods and outcomes. Data were extracted by two authors independently and narratively synthesised using descriptive statistics (means ± SD and relative frequencies). SR characteristics were compared based on AMSTAR2 appraisal outcomes using chi‐square tests. The 32 overviews appraised SRs of predominantly non‐pharmacological interventions for mental disorders. AMSTAR2 appraisals were reported as confidence ratings in 25/32 overviews or individual item scores in 24/32 overviews. Most SRs/overview were non‐Cochrane (mean = 94%), included RCTs only (mean = 77%) and were published before AMSTAR2 release (mean = 79%). The confidence ratings derived in 25 overviews for 349 SRs were predominantly critically low (68%). Confidence ratings were similar for SRs with RCTs only versus RCTs+non‐RCTs or SRs published before versus after AMSTAR2 release, while Cochrane SRs received more high+moderate than low+critically low confidence ratings (p < 0.01). Confidence ratings derived based on AMSTAR2 do not differentiate among SRs of healthcare interventions except for Cochrane SRs that fulfil the criteria for high confidence ratings. AMSTAR2 items should be consulted to avoid common weaknesses in future SRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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30. The methodological quality of systematic reviews on the treatment of adult major depression needs improvement according to AMSTAR 2
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Matthias, Katja, Rissling, Olesja, Pieper, Dawid Aleksander, Morche, Johannes, Nocon, Marc, Jacobs, Anja, Wegewitz, Uta Elke, Schirm, Jaqueline, and Lorenz, Robert C.
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ddc:150 ,Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften - Abstract
Background: Several standards have been developed to assess methodological quality of systematic reviews (SR). One widely used tool is the AMSTAR. A recent update -AMSTAR 2 -is a 16 item evaluation tool that enables a detailed assessment of SR that include randomised (RCT) or non-randomised studies (NRS) of healthcare interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study of SR on pharmacological or psychological interventions in major depression in adults was conducted. SR published during 2012-2017 were sampled from MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of SR. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Potential predictive factors associated with quality were examined. Results: In rating overall confidence in the results of 60 SR four reviews were rated "high", two were "moderate", one was "low" and 53 were "critically low". The mean AMSTAR 2 percentage score was 45.3% (standard deviation 22.6%) in a wide range from 7.1% to 93.8%. Predictors of higher quality were: type of review (higher quality in Cochrane Reviews), SR including only randomized trials and higher journal impact factor. Limitations: AMSTAR 2 is not intended to be used for the generation of a percentage score. Conclusions: According to AMSTAR 2 the overall methodological quality of SR on the treatment of adult major depression needs improvement. Although there is a high need for summarized information in the field of mental health, this work demonstrates the need to critically assess SR before using their findings. Better adherence to established reporting guidelines for SR is needed.
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- 2020
31. Cue reactivity and its inhibition in pathological computer game players
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Lorenz, Robert C., Krüger, Jenny-Kathinka, Neumann, Britta, Schott, Björn H., Kaufmann, Christian, Heinz, Andreas, and Wüstenberg, Torsten
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- 2013
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32. Adolescents' Personality Development – A Question of Psychosocial Stress.
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Raufelder, Diana, Hoferichter, Frances, Kulakow, Stefan, Golde, Sabrina, Gleich, Tobias, Romund, Lydia, Lorenz, Robert C., Pelz, Patricia, and Beck, Anne
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PERSONALITY development ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,PERSONALITY change ,TEENAGERS ,PERSONALITY - Abstract
Following the relational-developmental systems approach, this three-wave study examines whether acute stress (T2) mediates the relationship between the development of personality traits from the beginning of 8th grade (T1, M
age = 15.63, SD = 0.59; 22 girls) to the end of 9th grade (T3). Using the Montréal Imaging Stress Task, which is a task that provokes acute social stress by negative social feedback, this study combined the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), heart rate, and longitudinal survey data of 41 adolescents. Mediation analysis revealed that stress-induced left insula activation partially mediates the longitudinal stability of conscientiousness. These results highlight the impact of negative social feedback during stress on students' personality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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33. Do Belonging and Social Exclusion at School Affect Structural Brain Development During Adolescence?
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Raufelder, Diana, Neumann, Nicola, Domin, Martin, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Golde, Sabrina, Romund, Lydia, Beck, Anne, and Hoferichter, Frances
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SOCIAL belonging ,SOCIAL isolation ,NEURAL development ,ADOLESCENT psychology ,ACADEMIC achievement ,WELL-being ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
Students' sense of belonging presents an essential resource for academic and health outcomes, whereas social exclusion at school negatively impacts students' well‐being and academic performance. Aiming to understand how feelings of school‐related belonging and exclusion shape the structural brain development, this study applied longitudinal questionnaire‐based data and MRI data from 71 adolescent students (37 females, Mage at t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 years). All were white participants from Germany. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed only an association of social exclusion (and not of belonging) and gray matter volume in the left anterior insula: From t1 to t2, there was less gray matter decrease, the more social exclusion students perceived. School‐related social exclusion and disturbed neurodevelopment are thus significantly associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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34. AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating
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Lorenz, Robert C. (Dr. rer. nat.), Matthias, Katja, Pieper, Dawid, Wegewitz, Uta, Morche, Johannes, Nocon, Marc, Rissling, Olesja, Schirm, Jacqueline, Freitag, Simone, and Jacobs, Anja
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Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften ,ddc:610 - Published
- 2019
35. Reply to letter to the editor by Franco et al. AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating: A call for even more transparency
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Lorenz, Robert C., Pieper, Dawid, Rombey, Tanja, Jacobs, Anja, Rissling, Olesja, Freitag, Simone, and Matthias, Katja
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- 2021
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36. Loneliness and Adolescents' Neural Processing of Self, Friends, and Teachers: Consequences for the School Self‐Concept.
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Golde, Sabrina, Romund, Lydia, Lorenz, Robert C., Pelz, Patricia, Gleich, Tobias, Beck, Anne, and Raufelder, Diana
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SELF-perception ,TEACHERS ,LONELINESS ,TEENAGERS ,SELF - Abstract
The present interdisciplinary study explored whether perceived loneliness is associated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) activation during self‐ and social judgments (friends and teachers) in adolescents. Moreover, we examined how vMPFC activity is related to the academic self‐concept (ASC). Results of manifest path analysis indicated that high perceived loneliness was related to lower neural response to self‐judgments. In turn, high neural response to self‐judgments was positively associated with the ASC, whereas there was a trendwise negative association between high neural response to teacher‐related judgments and ASC. This study reveals associations between perceived loneliness and neural processing of the self, underlining the idea that feeling isolated from others may hinder self‐insight and, by extension, the formation of a stable academic self‐concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Reversal learning strategy in adolescence is associated with prefrontal cortex activation
- Author
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Böhme, Rebecca, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Romund, Lydia, Pelz, Patricia, Golde, Sabrina, Flemming, Eva, Wold, Andrew, Deserno, Lorenz, Behr, Joachim, Raufelder, Diana, Heinz, Andreas, Beck, Anne, Böhme, Rebecca, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Romund, Lydia, Pelz, Patricia, Golde, Sabrina, Flemming, Eva, Wold, Andrew, Deserno, Lorenz, Behr, Joachim, Raufelder, Diana, Heinz, Andreas, and Beck, Anne
- Abstract
Adolescence is a critical maturation period for human cognitive control and executive function. In this study, a large sample of adolescents (n=85) performed a reversal learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed behavioral data using a reinforcement learning model to provide individually fitted parameters and imaging data with regard to reward prediction errors (PE). Following a model-based approach, we formed two groups depending on whether individuals tended to update expectations predominantly for the chosen stimulus or also for the unchosen one. These groups significantly differed in their problem behavior score obtained using the child behavior checklist (CBCL) and in a measure of their developmental stage. Imaging results showed that dorsolateral striatal areas covaried with PE. Participants who relied less on learning based on task structure showed less prefrontal activation compared with participants who relied more on task structure. An exploratory analysis revealed that PE-related activity was associated with pubertal development in prefrontal areas, insula and anterior cingulate. These findings support the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is implicated in mediating flexible goal-directed behavioral control., Funding Agencies|Volkswagen Foundation [II/84 452]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [01ZX1311E]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GRK-1123, HE 2597/13-1]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Does Feedback-Related Brain Response during Reinforcement Learning Predict Socio-motivational (In-)dependence in Adolescence?
- Author
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Raufelder, Diana, Böhme, Rebecca, Romund, Lydia, Golde, Sabrina, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Beck, Anne, Raufelder, Diana, Böhme, Rebecca, Romund, Lydia, Golde, Sabrina, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, and Beck, Anne
- Abstract
This multi-methodological study applied functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activation in a group of adolescent students (N = 88) during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. We related patterns of emerging brain activity and individual learning rates to socio-motivational (in-)dependence manifested in four different motivation types (MTs): (1) peer-dependent MT, (2) teacher-dependent MT, (3) peer-and-teacher-dependent MT, (4) peer-and-teacher-independent MT. A multinomial regression analysis revealed that the individual learning rate predicts studentsâ membership to the independent MT, or the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Additionally, the striatum, a brain region associated with behavioral adaptation and flexibility, showed increased learning-related activation in students with motivational independence. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in behavioral control, was more active in students of the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Overall, this study offers new insights into the interplay of motivation and learning with (1) a focus on inter-individual differences in the role of peers and teachers as source of studentsâ individual motivation and (2) its potential neurobiological basis.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Reversal learning strategy in adolescence is associated with prefrontal cortex activation.
- Author
-
Boehme, Rebecca, Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Romund, Lydia, Pelz, Patricia, Golde, Sabrina, Flemming, Eva, Wold, Andrew, Deserno, Lorenz, Behr, Joachim, Raufelder, Diana, Heinz, Andreas, Beck, Anne, and Molholm, Sophie
- Subjects
- *
PREFRONTAL cortex , *COGNITIVE ability , *NEURAL development , *ADOLESCENCE , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Adolescence is a critical maturation period for human cognitive control and executive function. In this study, a large sample of adolescents ( n = 85) performed a reversal learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed behavioral data using a reinforcement learning model to provide individually fitted parameters and imaging data with regard to reward prediction errors ( PE). Following a model-based approach, we formed two groups depending on whether individuals tended to update expectations predominantly for the chosen stimulus or also for the unchosen one. These groups significantly differed in their problem behavior score obtained using the child behavior checklist ( CBCL) and in a measure of their developmental stage. Imaging results showed that dorsolateral striatal areas covaried with PE. Participants who relied less on learning based on task structure showed less prefrontal activation compared with participants who relied more on task structure. An exploratory analysis revealed that PE-related activity was associated with pubertal development in prefrontal areas, insula and anterior cingulate. These findings support the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is implicated in mediating flexible goal-directed behavioral control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Adolescents' Socio-Motivational Relationships With Teachers, Amygdala Response to Teacher's Negative Facial Expressions, and Test Anxiety.
- Author
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Raufelder, Diana, Hoferichter, Frances, Romund, Lydia, Golde, Sabrina, Lorenz, Robert C., and Beck, Anne
- Subjects
TEENAGERS & society ,AMYGDALOID body ,TEACHER attitudes ,FACIAL expression ,TEST anxiety - Abstract
The amygdala is essential for processing emotions, including the processing of aversive faces. The aim of this multimethodological study was to relate the amygdala reactivity of students ( N = 88) toward teachers' fearful and angry faces, to students' relationship with their teachers. Furthermore, students' neural responses during the perception of teachers' faces were tested as predictors of test anxiety (controlling for neuroticism as a potential trait anxiety effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that students reporting high-quality teacher-student relationships showed stronger amygdala activity toward fearful faces, which was related to worry. Furthermore, students with high levels of neuroticism tended to perceive their teachers as motivators and showed higher amygdala activity toward angry faces, which was related to the measures of emotionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Neural correlates of training and transfer effects in working memory in older adults.
- Author
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Heinzel, Stephan, Lorenz, Robert C., Pelz, Patricia, Heinz, Andreas, Walter, Henrik, Kathmann, Norbert, Rapp, Michael A., and Stelzel, Christine
- Subjects
- *
SHORT-term memory , *NEURAL physiology , *OXYGEN in the blood , *BRAIN imaging , *FLUID intelligence , *BRAIN , *AGING - Abstract
As indicated by previous research, aging is associated with a decline in working memory (WM) functioning, related to alterations in fronto-parietal neural activations. At the same time, previous studies showed that WM training in older adults may improve the performance in the trained task (training effect), and more importantly, also in untrained WM tasks (transfer effects). However, neural correlates of these transfer effects that would improve understanding of its underlying mechanisms, have not been shown in older participants as yet. In this study, we investigated blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes during n-back performance and an untrained delayed recognition (Sternberg) task following 12 sessions (45 min each) of adaptive n-back training in older adults. The Sternberg task used in this study allowed to test for neural training effects independent of specific task affordances of the trained task and to separate maintenance from updating processes. Thirty-two healthy older participants (60–75 years) were assigned either to an n-back training or a no-contact control group. Before (t1) and after (t2) training/waiting period, both the n-back task and the Sternberg task were conducted while BOLD signal was measured using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in all participants. In addition, neuropsychological tests were performed outside the scanner. WM performance improved with training and behavioral transfer to tests measuring executive functions, processing speed, and fluid intelligence was found. In the training group, BOLD signal in the right lateral middle frontal gyrus/caudal superior frontal sulcus (Brodmann area, BA 6/8) decreased in both the trained n-back and the updating condition of the untrained Sternberg task at t2, compared to the control group. fMRI findings indicate a training-related increase in processing efficiency of WM networks, potentially related to the process of WM updating. Performance gains in untrained tasks suggest that transfer to other cognitive tasks remains possible in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effect of brain structure and function on reward anticipation in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype.
- Author
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Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Kappel, Viola, Ströhle, Andreas, Renneberg, Babette, Salbach-Andrae, Harriet, Lorenz, Robert C., Streifling, Martina, and Beck, Anne
- Subjects
ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,REWARD (Psychology) ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,HYPOKINESIA ,MONETARY incentives - Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with decreased ventral-striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation. However, previous research mostly focused on adults with heterogeneous ADHD subtype and divers drug treatment status while studies in children with ADHD are sparse. Moreover, it remains unclear to what degree ADHD is characterized by a delay of normal brain structure or function maturation. We therefore attempt to determine whether results from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are associated with childhood and adult ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-CT). This study used fMRI to compare VS structure and function of 30 participants with ADHD-CT (16 adults, 14 children) and 30 controls (20 adults, 10 children), using a monetary incentive delay task. Joint analyses of structural and functional imaging data were conducted with Biological Parametric Mapping. Reward anticipation elicited decreased ventral-striatal responsiveness in adults but not in children with ADHD-CT. Children and adults with ADHD showed reduced ventral-striatal volume. Taking these gray matter differences into account, the results remained the same. These results suggest that decreased ventral-striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation is present in adults but not in children with ADHD-CT, irrespective of structural characteristics. The question arises whether ventral-striatal hypoactivity is an ADHD correlate that develops during the course of illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Video game training and the reward system.
- Author
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Lorenz, Robert C., Gleich, Tobias, Gallinat, Jürgen, and Kühn, Simone
- Subjects
VIDEO games & psychology ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,REWARD (Psychology) ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging of the brain - Abstract
Video games contain elaborate reinforcement and reward schedules that have the potential to maximize motivation. Neuroimaging studies suggest that video games might have an influence on the reward system. However, it is not clear whether reward-related properties represent a precondition, which biases an individual toward playing video games, or if these changes are the result of playing video games.Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to explore reward-related functional predictors in relation to video gaming experience as well as functional changes in the brain in response to video game training. Fifty healthy participants were randomly assigned to a video game training (TG) or control group (CG). Before and after training/control period, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted using a non-video game related reward task. At pretest, both groups showed strongest activation in ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation. At posttest, the TG showed very similar VS activity compared to pretest. In the CG, the VS activity was significantly attenuated. This longitudinal study revealed that video game training may preserve reward responsiveness in the VS in a retest situation over time.We suggest that video games are able to keep striatal responses to reward flexible, a mechanism which might be of critical value for applications such as therapeutic cognitive training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Working Memory Load-Dependent Brain Response Predicts Behavioral Training Gains in Older Adults.
- Author
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Heinzel, Stephan, Lorenz, Robert C., Brockhaus, Wolf-Rüdiger, Wüstenberg, Torsten, Kathmann, Norbert, Heinz, Andreas, and Rapp, Michael A.
- Subjects
- *
SHORT-term memory , *BRAIN physiology , *TRAINING , *SIGMOID colon , *NEUROPHYSIOLOGY , *OXYGEN in the blood , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
In the domain of working memory (WM), a sigmoid-shaped relationship between WM load and brain activation patterns has been demonstrated in younger adults. It has been suggested that age-related alterations of this pattern are associated with changes in neural efficiency and capacity. At the same time, WM training studies have shown that some older adults are able to increase their WM performance through training. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging during an n-back WM task at different WM load levels was applied to compare blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses between younger and older participants and to predict gains inWMperformance after a subsequent 12-sessionWMtraining procedure in older adults. We show that increased neural efficiency and capacity, as reflected by more "youth-like" brain response patterns in regions of interest of the frontoparietal WM network, were associated with better behavioral training outcome beyond the effects of age, sex, education, gray matter volume, and baseline WM performance. Furthermore, at low difficulty levels, decreases in BOLD response were found afterWMtraining. Results indicate that both neural efficiency (i.e., decreased activation at comparable performance levels) and capacity (i.e., increasing activation with increasing WMload) of a WM-related network predict plasticity of theWMsystem, whereasWMtraining may specifically increase neural efficiency in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Knowledge user survey and Delphi process to inform development of a new risk of bias tool to assess systematic reviews with network meta-analysis (RoB NMA tool).
- Author
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Lunny C, Veroniki AA, Hutton B, White I, Higgins J, Wright JM, Kim JY, Thirugnanasampanthar SS, Siddiqui S, Watt J, Moja L, Taske N, Lorenz RC, Gerrish S, Straus S, Minogue V, Hu F, Lin K, Kapani A, Nagi S, Chen L, Akbar-Nejad M, and Tricco AC
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Bias, Surveys and Questionnaires, Network Meta-Analysis
- Abstract
Background: Network meta-analysis (NMA) is increasingly used in guideline development and other aspects of evidence-based decision-making. We aimed to develop a risk of bias (RoB) tool to assess NMAs (RoB NMA tool). An international steering committee recommended that the RoB NMA tool to be used in combination with the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool (i.e. because it was designed to assess biases only) or other similar quality appraisal tools (eg, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 [AMSTAR 2]) to assess quality of systematic reviews. The RoB NMA tool will assess NMA biases and limitations regarding how the analysis was planned, data were analysed and results were presented, including the way in which the evidence was assembled and interpreted., Objectives: Conduct (a) a Delphi process to determine expert opinion on an item's inclusion and (b) a knowledge user survey to widen its impact., Design: Cross-sectional survey and Delphi process., Methods: Delphi panellists were asked to rate whether items should be included. All agreed-upon item were included in a second round of the survey (defined as 70% agreement). We surveyed knowledge users' views and preferences about the importance, utility and willingness to use the RoB NMA tool to evaluate evidence in practice and in policymaking. We included 12 closed and 10 open-ended questions, and we followed a knowledge translation plan to disseminate the survey through social media and professional networks., Results: 22 items were entered into a Delphi survey of which 28 respondents completed round 1, and 22 completed round 2. Seven items did not reach consensus in round 2. A total of 298 knowledge users participated in the survey (14% respondent rate). 75% indicated that their organisation produced NMAs, and 78% showed high interest in the tool, especially if they had received adequate training (84%). Most knowledge users and Delphi panellists preferred a tool to assess both bias in individual NMA results and authors' conclusions. Response bias in our sample is a major limitation as knowledge users working in high-income countries were more represented. One of the limitations of the Delphi process is that it depends on the purposive selection of experts and their availability, thus limiting the variability in perspectives and scientific disciplines., Conclusions: This Delphi process and knowledge user survey informs the development of the RoB NMA tool., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AAV was an Associate Editor for the journal, but was not involved with the decision or peer-review process., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Differential predictors for alcohol use in adolescents as a function of familial risk.
- Author
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Tschorn M, Lorenz RC, O'Reilly PF, Reichenberg A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Heinz A, and Rapp MA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Reward, Risk Factors, Alcoholism genetics
- Abstract
Traditional models of future alcohol use in adolescents have used variable-centered approaches, predicting alcohol use from a set of variables across entire samples or populations. Following the proposition that predictive factors may vary in adolescents as a function of family history, we used a two-pronged approach by first defining clusters of familial risk, followed by prediction analyses within each cluster. Thus, for the first time in adolescents, we tested whether adolescents with a family history of drug abuse exhibit a set of predictors different from adolescents without a family history. We apply this approach to a genetic risk score and individual differences in personality, cognition, behavior (risk-taking and discounting) substance use behavior at age 14, life events, and functional brain imaging, to predict scores on the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) at age 14 and 16 in a sample of adolescents (N = 1659 at baseline, N = 1327 at follow-up) from the IMAGEN cohort, a longitudinal community-based cohort of adolescents. In the absence of familial risk (n = 616), individual differences in baseline drinking, personality measures (extraversion, negative thinking), discounting behaviors, life events, and ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, while the overall model explained 22% of the variance in future AUDIT. In the presence of familial risk (n = 711), drinking behavior at age 14, personality measures (extraversion, impulsivity), behavioral risk-taking, and life events were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, explaining 20.1% of the overall variance. Results suggest that individual differences in personality, cognition, life events, brain function, and drinking behavior contribute differentially to the prediction of future alcohol misuse. This approach may inform more individualized preventive interventions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol dependence.
- Author
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Beylergil SB, Beck A, Deserno L, Lorenz RC, Rapp MA, Schlagenhauf F, Heinz A, and Obermayer K
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcoholism physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation methods, Prefrontal Cortex physiopathology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Young Adult, Adaptation, Psychological physiology, Alcohol Abstinence psychology, Alcoholism diagnostic imaging, Alcoholism psychology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Substance-dependent individuals often lack the ability to adjust decisions flexibly in response to the changes in reward contingencies. Prediction errors (PEs) are thought to mediate flexible decision-making by updating the reward values associated with available actions. In this study, we explored whether the neurobiological correlates of PEs are altered in alcohol dependence. Behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were simultaneously acquired from 34 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and 26 healthy controls (HC) during a probabilistic reward-guided decision-making task with dynamically changing reinforcement contingencies. A hierarchical Bayesian inference method was used to fit and compare learning models with different assumptions about the amount of task-related information subjects may have inferred during the experiment. Here, we observed that the best-fitting model was a modified Rescorla-Wagner type model, the "double-update" model, which assumes that subjects infer the knowledge that reward contingencies are anti-correlated, and integrate both actual and hypothetical outcomes into their decisions. Moreover, comparison of the best-fitting model's parameters showed that ADP were less sensitive to punishments compared to HC. Hence, decisions of ADP after punishments were loosely coupled with the expected reward values assigned to them. A correlation analysis between the model-generated PEs and the fMRI data revealed a reduced association between these PEs and the BOLD activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ADP. A hemispheric asymmetry was observed in the DLPFC when positive and negative PE signals were analyzed separately. The right DLPFC activity in ADP showed a reduced correlation with positive PEs. On the other hand, ADP, particularly the patients with high dependence severity, recruited the left DLPFC to a lesser extent than HC for processing negative PE signals. These results suggest that the DLPFC, which has been linked to adaptive control of action selection, may play an important role in cognitive inflexibility observed in alcohol dependence when reinforcement contingencies change. Particularly, the left DLPFC may contribute to this impaired behavioral adaptation, possibly by impeding the extinction of the actions that no longer lead to a reward.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Does Feedback-Related Brain Response during Reinforcement Learning Predict Socio-motivational (In-)dependence in Adolescence?
- Author
-
Raufelder D, Boehme R, Romund L, Golde S, Lorenz RC, Gleich T, and Beck A
- Abstract
This multi-methodological study applied functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activation in a group of adolescent students (N = 88) during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. We related patterns of emerging brain activity and individual learning rates to socio-motivational (in-)dependence manifested in four different motivation types (MTs): (1) peer-dependent MT, (2) teacher-dependent MT, (3) peer-and-teacher-dependent MT, (4) peer-and-teacher-independent MT. A multinomial regression analysis revealed that the individual learning rate predicts students' membership to the independent MT, or the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Additionally, the striatum, a brain region associated with behavioral adaptation and flexibility, showed increased learning-related activation in students with motivational independence. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in behavioral control, was more active in students of the peer-and-teacher-dependent MT. Overall, this study offers new insights into the interplay of motivation and learning with (1) a focus on inter-individual differences in the role of peers and teachers as source of students' individual motivation and (2) its potential neurobiological basis.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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