30 results on '"Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac"'
Search Results
2. Correction: Effects of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of non-communicable diseases among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic.
- Author
-
Daniela Nicoletti-Rojas, Rodrigo Retamal, Ricardo Cerda-Rioseco, Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque, and Marcela Araya-Bannout
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000763.].
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effects of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of non-communicable diseases among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Daniela Nicoletti-Rojas, Rodrigo Retamal, Ricardo Cerda-Rioseco, Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque, and Marcela Araya-Bannout
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are potentially at increased vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic and require additional help to reduce risk. Self-management is one effective strategy and this study investigated the effect of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of some non-communicable diseases, namely hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional telephone survey was carried out on 910 participants with NCDs, from Santiago, Chile. An adapted and validated version of the “Partners in Health” scale was used to measure self-management. Exploratory Factor analysis yielded five dimensions of this scale: Disease Knowledge, Healthcare Team Relationship, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, Drug Access and Intake, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. The average of these dimensions was calculated to create a new variable Self-Management Mean, which was used as a dependent variable together with the five separate dimensions. Independent variables included age, gender, years of schooling, number of diseases, the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence, and self-rated health status. Beta regressions and ANOVA for the Beta regression residuals were utilized for analyses. Beta regression model explained 8.1% of the variance in Self-Management Mean. Age, years of schooling, number of diseases and self-rated health status were statistically associated with Self-Management Mean and dimensions related to daily routines and health decision making, such as Disease Knowledge, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. Gender and the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence were insignificant. Strategies for self-management of NCDs during a crisis should consider age, years of schooling, number of diseases, and self-rated health status in their design.
- Published
- 2022
4. The relation between overweight and obesity in preschool children with socioeconomic level and environment of Chilean districts: An ecological study
- Author
-
Tamara Doberti Herrera and Lorena Rodríguez Osiac
- Subjects
childhood obesity ,overweight ,environment ,poverty ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective To analyze the association between the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children younger than six years of age cared for in the primary healthcare setting with socioeconomic level and environment of Chilean districts. Methods We conducted an ecological study to analyze the correlation between the prevalence of overweight and obesity and indicators of socioeconomic status (poverty by income and multidimensional poverty) and district environment and surroundings (green areas and crime reporting rate for crimes of significant social connotation). Furthermore, we performed four simple linear regression models with the correlated variables. Results At the district level, we found that the percentage of people living in poverty as defined by income, and the rate for reporting of crimes, are significantly correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The crime reporting rate correlated negatively with prevalence, and no correlation was found with communal green areas. Those districts with greater income poverty and a lower crime reporting rate have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under six years of age. Conclusions The characteristics of the district environment in which children are raised could augment the risk for overweight and obesity, mainly due to socioeconomic level. The crime reporting rate, on the contrary, shows an inverse relationship with these nutritional conditions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Derecho a la alimentación en la Constitución chilena: elementos jurídicos, sociales y nutricionales para una propuesta
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Jorge Aranda Ortega, Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, María Begoña Carroza, Pamela Estay Castro, Andrea Marín Figari, Francisca Rojo Medina, and Marcela Araya Bannout
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Derecho a la alimentación y COVID-19: Estudio cualitativo de percepciones de actores clave en Chile
- Author
-
Patricia Gálvez, María Begoña Carroza, Marcela Araya Bannout, Andrea Marin, Jorge Aranda, Pamela Estay, Francisca Rojo, and Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Food Science - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Policy Brief
- Author
-
Daniel, Egaña Rojas, Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac, Patricia, Gálvez Espinoza, Liliana, Morawietz Yáñez, and Rodrigo, Mora Vega
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Comparación de las Guías Alimentarias en nueve países de las Américas
- Author
-
Carolina Franch Maggiolo, Isabel Pemjean Contreras, Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Alejandra Ortega Guzmán, and Paula Hernández Hirsch
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,High prevalence ,Chronic disease ,Political science ,Food standards ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Context (language use) ,National instrument ,Food guide ,education ,Humanities - Abstract
Las Guias Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) son un instrumento nacional de educacion nutricional destinadas a la poblacion general. En el contexto de alta prevalencia de enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles, relacionadas con dietas inadecuadas, buscan contribuir a alcanzar mejores estandares de alimentacion. En el contexto americano, de alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, las GABA forman parte de un conjunto de politicas gubernamentales para combatir estos problemas. El objetivo de este ensayo fue realizar un analisis comparativo de las GABA en nueve paises americanos: Canada, Chile, Estados Unidos, Mexico, Paraguay, Colombia, Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. Para la comparacion se seleccionaron siete dimensiones generales: politica, metodologia, participacion, mensajes, aspectos socioculturales, aspectos ambientales, y de implementacion y evaluacion, a partir de las recomendaciones para la elaboracion de las GABA de organismos internacionales (FAO-OMS). Los resultados revelaron brechas en las guias de los paises estudiados, destacando Brasil como uno de los paises que pone mayor atencion a la participacion y a la incorporacion de factores socioculturales en la produccion de su documento. Mientras que Chile elude elementos como el genero, el acceso y disponibilidad, la diversidad cultural, la sostenibilidad y los entornos alimentarios. Con guias alimentarias que abordan escasamente la propuesta FAO-OMS, es de esperar que en una futura actualizacion se consideren las dimensiones propuestas en un formato de desarrollo basado en la participacion ciudadana, intersectorial y de expertos/as, fortaleciendo los aspectos socioculturales y ambientales. The Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (GABA) are a national instrument of nutritional education aimed at the general population. In the context of the high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, related to inadequate diets, they seek to contribute to achieving better food standards. In the American context, with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, GABAs are part of a set of government policies to fight against these problems. The objective of this trial was to perform a comparative analysis of GABA in nine American countries: Canada, Chile, the United States, Mexico, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Seven general dimensions were selected for comparison: policy, methodology, participation, messages, sociocultural aspects, environmental aspects and, implementation and evaluation-, based on the recommendations for the elaboration of the GABA of international organizations (FAO-WHO). The results revealed gaps in the guidelines of the countries studied, highlighting Brazil as one of those that pay the most attention to participation and the incorporation of sociocultural factors in the production of its document. While Chile avoids elements such as gender, access and availability, cultural diversity, sustainability and food environments. With dietary guidelines that barely address the FAO-WHO proposal, it is expected that in a future update, the proposed dimensions will be considered in a development format based on citizen, intersectoral and expert participation, strengthening socio-cultural and environmental aspects.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Association of education level with diabetes prevalence in Latin American cities and its modification by city social environment
- Author
-
Diego I. Lucumi, Philipp Hessel, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Brent A. Langellier, Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Maria F Kroker, Ana V. Diez Roux, Ariela Braverman-Bronstein, Andrés Trotta, and Catalina González-Uribe
- Subjects
Male ,Latin Americans ,Inequality ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Social Environment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Urbanization ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Social inequality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Socioeconomics ,Socioeconomic status ,Original Research ,media_common ,education ,urbanisation ,diabetes ,social inequalities ,business.industry ,Multilevel model ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social environment ,Educational attainment ,3. Good health ,Latin America ,Socioeconomic Factors ,epidemiology ,Female ,business - Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes prevalence continues to increase in urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Evidence from high-income countries suggests an inverse association between educational attainment and diabetes, but research in LMIC is limited. We investigated educational differences in diabetes prevalence across 232 Latin American (LA) cities, and the extent to which these inequities vary across countries/cities and are modified by city socioeconomic factors.MethodsUsing harmonised health survey and census data for 110 498 city dwellers from eight LA countries, we estimated the association between education and diabetes. We considered effect modification by city Social Environment Index (SEI) as a proxy for city-level development using multilevel models, considering heterogeneity by sex and country.ResultsIn women, there was an inverse dose–response relationship between education and diabetes (OR: 0.80 per level increase in education, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.85), consistent across countries and not modified by SEI. In men, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Mexico showed an inverse association (pooled OR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). Peru, Panama and El Salvador showed a positive relationship (pooled OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49). For men, these associations were further modified by city-SEI: in countries with an inverse association, it became stronger as city-SEI increased. In countries where the association was positive, it became weaker as city-SEI increased.ConclusionSocial inequities in diabetes inequalities increase as cities develop. To achieve non-communicable disease-related sustainable development goals in LMIC, there is an urgent need to develop policies aimed at reducing these educational inequities.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Transmission of food dynamics in the domestic environment
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, Carolina Franch, Paula Hernandez, and Isabel Pemjean
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evitemos la inseguridad alimentaria en tiempos de COVID-19 en Chile
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Daniel Egaña Rojas, Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, Deborah Navarro-Rosenblatt, Marcela Araya B, María Begoña Carroza, and Cecilia Baginsky G
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Geography ,Food Science - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. [COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on food security of children and adolescents]
- Author
-
Mario, Vildoso Fernández, Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac, and Gerardo, Weisstaub
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Food Security ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Chile ,Child ,Vulnerable Populations - Published
- 2021
13. Desafíos al cierre
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. De la constitución a la mesa. Conversatorios sobre el derecho a la alimentación
- Author
-
Marcela Araya B-Bannout, Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, Daniel Egaña-Rojas, Patricia Gálvez-Espinoza, and Jorge Aranda-Ortega
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A description of Chilean food and nutrition health policies
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, Anna Christina Pinheiro Fernandes, Maria-F. Mujica-Coopman, Patricia Caro-Moya, and Deborah Navarro-Rosenblatt
- Subjects
Food ,Health Policy ,Humans ,Nutritional Status ,General Medicine ,Chile ,Nutrition Policy - Abstract
Chile has implemented numerous successful food and nutrition initiatives since the early 20th century, aiming to address malnutrition in all its forms.To summarize the major nutrition and food-related policies, strategies, and programs implemented in Chile, using the NOURI-SHING Framework.The NOURISHING framework proposes a methodology for reporting, monitoring, and categorizing actions to promote healthier eating in three main domains: food environment, food system and behavior change communication. The data collection was carried out reviewing the databases of the Chilean Ministries of Health, Education and Social Development, and the Parliament. Information about nutrition related public health policies, strategies or programs was obtained from peer reviewed articles, official reports, official State websites, as well as interviews with former and current stakeholders.Chile has mandatory nutritional labeling that was updated to front-of-package warning labels about critical nutrients. In addition, the advertising of unhealthy foods and breast milk substitutes is restricted, among other food and nutrition policies. Nevertheless, strategies related to mass and social media communication campaigns, or periodic education and information interventions still need to be implemented.Using the NOURISHING framework, a comprehensive summary and description of nutrition and food public health policies implemented in Chile is described. An overview of the policy changes required according to the nutritional needs of the population and the nutritional transition in Chile is provided.
- Published
- 2020
16. Changes in Nutrient Declaration after the Food Labeling and Advertising Law in Chile: A Longitudinal Approach
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Daiana Quintiliano Scarpelli, Anna Christina Pinheiro Fernandes, and Tito Pizarro Quevedo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Dietary Sugars ,front-of-package labels ,Declaration ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,warning label ,Article ,Nutrition Policy ,food policy ,Food group ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nutrient ,Advertising ,Food Labeling ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Chile ,Sugar ,education ,health care economics and organizations ,obesity prevention ,education.field_of_study ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Food Packaging ,Health Plan Implementation ,Sodium, Dietary ,Nutrients ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Dietary Fats ,language.human_language ,humanities ,Food labeling ,energy and nutrients of concern declaration ,Law ,Food policy ,language ,Warning label ,Business ,Nutritive Value ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Analysis ,Food Science - Abstract
Chile has implemented several strategies to decrease the burden of obesity and chronic diseases. The Food Labeling and Advertising Law (Law 20.606) requires a front-of-package &ldquo, high in&rdquo, warning label when energy and nutrients of concern (ENC) (total sugar, saturated fats, sodium) exceed established limits. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Law 20.606 on the ENC declaration of packaged foods in Chile, before and after the law implementation. We analyzed food nutritional labeling declarations from 70% of the most consumed packaged foods in Chile. Data collection was conducted in 2013 and 2019 in Santiago. Pictures from all sides of the package were taken from 476 products, classified into 16 food groups. All food groups had changes in the ENC declaration during the study period. Total sugar content showed the highest reduction (&minus, 15.0%, p = 0.001). Dairy, confitures and similar and sugary beverages had the greatest reduction in energy and total sugar content (p <, 0.01). Energy, total sugar and sodium front of package &ldquo, simulation was significantly reduced in dairy, sugary beverages, flour-based foods, confitures and similar, fish and seafoods, fats and oils, spices, condiments and sauces and sugars (p <, 0.05). We observed that companies reformulated products to adapt to the new regulation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The relation between overweight and obesity in preschool children with socioeconomic level and environment of Chilean districts: An ecological study
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac and Tamara Paz Doberti Herrera
- Subjects
Pediatric Obesity ,poverty ,Primary health care ,lcsh:Medicine ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Environmental health ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,overweight ,Chile ,Socioeconomic status ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Primary Health Care ,Poverty ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Ecological study ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Income ,Linear Models ,Simple linear regression ,medicine.symptom ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,childhood obesity ,environment - Abstract
To analyze the association between the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children younger than six years of age cared for in the primary healthcare setting with socioeconomic level and environment of Chilean districts.We conducted an ecological study to analyze the correlation between the prevalence of overweight and obesity and indicators of socioeconomic status (poverty by income and multidimensional poverty) and district environment and surroundings (green areas and crime reporting rate for crimes of significant social connotation). Furthermore, we performed four simple linear regression models with the correlated variables.At the district level, we found that the percentage of people living in poverty as defined by income, and the rate for reporting of crimes, are significantly correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The crime reporting rate correlated negatively with prevalence, and no correlation was found with communal green areas. Those districts with greater income poverty and a lower crime reporting rate have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under six years of age.The characteristics of the district environment in which children are raised could augment the risk for overweight and obesity, mainly due to socioeconomic level. The crime reporting rate, on the contrary, shows an inverse relationship with these nutritional conditions.Analizar la asociación entre la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de los niños menores de seis años controlados en la atención primaria de salud, con medidas de nivel socioeconómico y de entorno de las comunas de Chile.Estudio ecológico que analiza la correlación entre la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad e indicadores de nivel socioeconómico (pobreza por ingresos y pobreza multidimensional), y de entorno comunal (áreas verdes y tasa de denuncias de delitos de mayor connotación social). Además, se aplican cuatro modelos de regresión lineal simple con las variables correlacionadas.A nivel comunal se observa que el porcentaje de personas en condición de pobreza por ingresos y la tasa de denuncias se correlacionan de manera significativa con la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. La tasa de denuncias se correlaciona de manera negativa con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y no se encuentra correlación con las áreas verdes comunales. Aquellas comunas con mayor pobreza por ingresos y menor tasa de denuncias tienen mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en los menores de seis años.Las características del entorno comunal en el cual se desarrollan los niños/as podrían aumentar el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad, principalmente las características relacionadas con el nivel socioeconómico; las tasas de denuncias muestran en cambio, una relación inversa con estas condiciones nutricionales.
- Published
- 2020
18. Using evidence-informed policies to tackle overweight and obesity in Chile
- Author
-
Tito Pizarro, Cristian A Herrera, Jaime Burrows, Cristian Cofré, Cristián Mansilla, Carmen Castillo, and Lorena Rodríguez Osiac
- Subjects
legislação sobre alimentos ,0301 basic medicine ,obesity ,obesidade ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,Latin Americans ,Nutrition policy ,education ,Context (language use) ,Scientific evidence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Chile ,Política nutricional ,Trade barrier ,Special Report ,obesidad ,food labeling ,publicidade de alimentos ,rotulagem de alimentos ,legislation, food ,publicidad de alimentos ,legislación sobre alimentos ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,food publicity ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public institution ,etiquetado de alimentos ,Property rights - Abstract
El sobrepeso y la obesidad son una epidemia mundial, en la que se registran tasas que han aumentado hasta niveles alarmantes tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países en desarrollo. Chile no ha sido una excepción, con aumentos pronunciados de la prevalencia de la obesidad, especialmente en los niños en edad escolar. En este documento se describen las políticas y estrategias aplicadas para luchar contra este grave problema de salud pública en Chile durante los 10 últimos años, y se resaltan los principales retos y matices del proceso. Chile ha tomado medidas de política que incluyen el etiquetado frontal de los envases, la reglamentación de la publicidad y restricciones en cuanto a la alimentación en las escuelas. Las nuevas políticas se centran en los determinantes sociales de la salud pues guardan relación con el entorno en cuanto a la alimentación y el comportamiento de las personas. Estas medidas no solo son apropiadas para el contexto actual de Chile, sino que también se basan en las mejores pruebas científicas de que se dispone. Por otro lado, la aplicación de estas políticas ha generado un amplio debate con las instituciones públicas y la industria alimentaria, cuyos temas de discusión abarcan desde derechos de propiedad hasta barreras comerciales. A pesar de algunas diferencias entre los interesados directos, se ha logrado un valioso consenso político y varias organizaciones internacionales están dispuestas a evaluar la repercusión de estas iniciativas pioneras en América Latina.O sobrepeso e a obesidade constituem uma epidemia global atingindo níveis alarmantes nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O Chile não é exceção: o país tem registrado uma elevação acentuada da prevalência de obesidade, sobretudo em crianças em idade escolar. Este artigo descreve as medidas envolvendo políticas e estratégias implantadas no Chile na última década para combater este importante problema de saúde pública e destaca os principais desafios e as particularidades do processo. O país adotou políticas para rotulagem nutricional na parte da frente da embalagem dos produtos alimentícios, regulamentação da publicidade e restrições aos alimentos servidos em escolas. As novas políticas são direcionadas aos determinantes sociais da saúde por estarem associados aos ambientes e aos comportamentos alimentares da população. Além de serem adaptadas ao contexto atual do Chile, estas medidas se embasam nas melhores evidências científicas. A execução destas políticas deu início a um amplo debate entre as instituições públicas e a indústria de produtos alimentícios envolvendo de questões sobre direitos de propriedade às barreiras comerciais. Apesar das suas posições divergentes sobre alguns aspectos, os interessados diretos chegaram a um consenso político importante. As organizações internacionais esperam agora conhecer o resultado da avaliação do impacto dessas iniciativas pioneiras na América Latina.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Pandemia por COVID-19: proyección de impacto en la seguridad alimentaria de niños, niñas y adolescentes
- Author
-
Mario Vildoso Fernández, Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, and Gerardo Weisstaub
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. [Non-Nutritive Sweeteners (Non caloric)]
- Author
-
Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac and Tito, Pizarro Quevedo
- Subjects
Non-Nutritive Sweeteners ,Pediatric Obesity ,Risk Factors ,Health Policy ,Humans ,Chile ,Child ,Recommended Dietary Allowances - Published
- 2019
21. Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en pacientes pediátricos con insuficiencia intestinal
- Author
-
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, María Isabel Hodgson Bunster, Yazmín Zapata Olivares, Jaime Cerda Lorca, and María Luisa Cordero Bayón
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Cross-sectional study ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Nutritional status ,Birth history ,03 medical and health sciences ,Catheter ,registro ,0302 clinical medicine ,Parenteral nutrition ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Nutrición parenteral prolongada ,insuficiencia intestinal ,Intestinal surface ,Malabsorption syndromes ,nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en pediatría ,business - Abstract
Introducción: La Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria (NPD) ha demostrado ofrecer importantes beneficios para los pacientes y el sistema de salud. En Chile se desconoce el número de pacientes que se encuentran recibiendo esta modalidad de tratamiento o que podrían ser candidatos a ella. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y características clínicas de pacientes con Insuficiencia Intestinal (II) que reciben actualmente NPD o que son candidatos a esta. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó pacientes de 0 a 18 años, con diagnóstico de II que se encontraban recibiendo NP por un tiempo superior a 3 meses en el domicilio, o en el hospital con situación clínica estable y con catéter venoso de larga duración (CVC). A través de una encuesta digitalizada se recolectaron y estudiaron las variables: sexo, antecedentes de nacimiento, indicación para iniciar soporte nutricional parenteral, edad de inicio de NP, tipo de CVC utilizado, frecuencia de NP, estado nutricional, alimentación al último control y complicaciones asociadas al uso de NP. Se utilizó el Programa SPSS Statistics, Versión 21, Macintosh, para el análisis de los datos. El análisis descriptivo consideró análisis de frecuencia y medidas de tendencia central. La prueba de Chi cuadrado y de Fisher se usaron para la comparación de proporciones. Resultados: Se registraron datos de 46 pacientes, cuya edad promedio fue de 55,5 meses. La principal indicación para iniciar la Nutrición Parenteral (NP) fue la disminución de la superficie intestinal (78,3%.). El 63% de los pacientes se encontraba hospitalizado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el lugar de tratamiento y las variables estado nutricional e infecciones de catéter en el último año. Conclusiones: Se identificó la prevalencia de pacientes con NP prolongada y sus características clínicas. No se encontraron diferencias que respalden la entrega de este tratamiento en el hospital por sobre el domicilio. Es necesario desarrollar políticas públicas que garanticen la opción de recibir este tratamiento en el domicilio.
- Published
- 2019
22. [Law of Food Labelling and Advertising: Chile innovating in public nutrition once again]
- Author
-
Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac and Tito, Pizarro Quevedo
- Subjects
Advertising ,Food Labeling ,Humans ,Health Promotion ,Public Health ,Chile ,Nutrition Policy - Published
- 2018
23. Home parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients with intestinal insufficiency
- Author
-
Yazmín, Zapata Olivares, María Isabel, Hodgson Bunster, María Luisa, Cordero Bayón, Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac, and Jaime, Cerda Lorca
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Intestinal Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Chile ,Child ,Parenteral Nutrition, Home - Abstract
Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been shown to offer important benefits for pa tients and the health system. In Chile, the number of patients who are receiving this type of treatment or who could be candidates for it is unknown. Objetive: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with intestinal insufficiency (II) currently receiving HPN or who are can didates for it.Cross-sectional descriptive study which included patients aged between 0 to 18 years with diagnosis of II who were receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) for over three months, either at home or in the hospital, with a stable clinical situation and a long-term venous catheter (CVC). Through a digitalized survey, the following variables were collected and studied: gender, birth history, indication to initiate parenteral nutritional support, age of initiation of PN, type of CVC, frequency of PN, nutritional status and feeding in the last control and complications as sociated with the use of PN. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Statistics Software, Version 21, Macintosh. The descriptive analysis considered frequency analysis and central trend measures. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were used for comparison of proportions.Data from 46 patients were recorded. The average age was 55.5 months. The main indication for initiating the PN was the decrease of the intestinal surface (78.3%). 63% of the patients were hospitalized. No signi ficant differences were found between the place of treatment and the nutritional status and catheter infections variables in the last year.The prevalence of patients with long-term PN and their clinical characteristics were identified. No differences were found to support the administration of this treatment in the hospital over the home. Public policies must be developed to guarantee the option of receiving this treatment at home.
- Published
- 2018
24. The impact of health policies and the COVID-19 pandemic on exclusive breastfeeding in Chile during 2009–2020
- Author
-
Deborah Navarro-Rosenblatt, Tarik Benmarhnia, Paula Bedregal, Sandra Lopez-Arana, Lorena Rodriguez-Osiac, and Maria Luisa Garmendia
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In 2011, Chile added 12 mandatory extra weeks of maternity leave (ML). In January 2015, a pay-for-performance (P4P) strategy was included in the primary healthcare system, incorporating exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) promotion actions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to healthcare access difficulties and augmented household workloads. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a 24-week ML, the P4P strategy, and COVID-19 on EBF prevalence, at 3 and 6 months in Chile. Aggregated EBF prevalence data from public healthcare users nationwide (80% of the Chilean population) was collected by month. Interrupted time series analyses were used to quantify changes in EBF trends from 2009 to 2020. The heterogeneity of EBF changes was assessed by urban/setting and across geographic settings. We found no effect of ML on EBF; the P4P strategy increased EBF at 3 months by 3.1% and 5.7% at 6 months. COVID-19 reduced EBF at 3 months by − 4.5%. Geographical heterogeneity in the impact of the two policies and COVID-19 on EBF was identified. The null effect of ML on EBF in the public healthcare system could be explained by low access from public healthcare users to ML (20% had access to ML) and by an insufficient ML duration (five and a half months). The negative impact of COVID-19 on EBF should alert policy makers about the crisis's effect on health promotion activities.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. [EFFECT OF EARLY PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ATTRIBUTES OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS]
- Author
-
María José, Escaffi Fonseca, Loreto, Moreira Carrasco, Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac, Tito, Pizarro Quevedo, Gabriel, Cavada Chacón, Luis, Villarroel del Pino, Natalia, Salas Guzmán, Santiago, Muzzo Benavides, Fernando, Mönckeberg Barros, Jaime, Rozowski Narkunska, and Oscar, Castillo Valenzuela
- Subjects
Male ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Nutritional Status ,Protein-Energy Malnutrition ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Body Weights and Measures ,Female ,Chile ,Biomarkers - Abstract
during recent years consistent studies have characterized the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition and the appearance of non-communicable diseases in adulthood like metabolic syndrome (MS).to analyze the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the first 1 000 days of life and the MS in a cohort of adults from Curicó, Chile.we studied 49 young adults who had suffered moderate to severe protein-calorie malnutrition during their first two years of life. Anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and laboratory tests were performed, and the burden of MS attributes was determined.the prevalence of MS was 14.3% with no significant differences by gender, showing a direct and significant association between burden of MS and body mass index, waist / height index, blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose and triglyceride, and an inverse association with HDL.systolic blood pressure and plasma level of triglyceride represented the most important risk factors for SM in this cohort. We found no association between the presence of protein-calorie malnutrition and MS.Introducción: estudios consistentes durante los últimos años han caracterizado la relación entre la desnutrición calórico-proteica (DCP) y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles en la adultez, como el Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Objetivo: analizar la relación entre SM en la adultez y la DCP durante los primeros 1.000 días de vida en una cohorte de adultos recientemente generada en Curicó, Chile. Material y métodos: se analizaron 49 sujetos adultos jóvenes que durante sus primeros dos años de vida sufrieron desnutrición calórico-proteica moderada a severa mediante la realización de antropometría, medición de la presión arterial y exámenes de laboratorio. Se determinó la prevalencia del SM y la carga de sus atributos. Resultados: se obtuvo una prevalencia de SM del 14,3% sin diferencias significativas por género, con una asociación directa y notable entre la carga de SM, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura/talla, presión arterial y niveles plasmáticos de glicemia y triglicéridos (TG), y una asociación inversa con colesterol HDL. Conclusión: la presión arterial sistólica y el valor plasmático de TG representaron los factores de riesgo más importantes del SM en esta cohorte. No se encontró asociación entre la DCP en los 1.000 primeros días de vida y el SM en la adultez.
- Published
- 2015
26. [DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF AN IMAGE FOR DISSEMINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILEAN DIETARY GUIDELINES]
- Author
-
Sonia, Olivares Cortés, Isabel, Zacarías Hasbún, Carmen Gloria, González González, Lilian, Fonseca Morán, Fernanda, Mediano Stoltze, Anna Christina, Pinheiro Fernandes, and Lorena, Rodríguez Osiac
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Humans ,Female ,Health Promotion ,Focus Groups ,Child ,Nutritive Value ,Food Analysis ,Nutrition Policy - Abstract
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) are usually accompanied by an image for dissemination and implementation.to design and validate an image to represent the variety and proportions of the new Chilean dietary guidelines, include foods high in critical nutrients that should be avoided and physical activity guidelines.a panel of experts tested seven graphics and selected three that were validated with 12 focus groups of people aged 10-14 and 20-40 years, of both sexes, from different socioeconomic groups and from both rural and urban areas. We analyzed the perception of variety and proportions of the food groups for daily intake and motivation for action in diet and physical activity. We utilized the METAPLAN method used previously in the validation of FBDG.the final image was a circle that showed the variety and proportions of each food group for daily consumption (in pictures), included physical activity guidelines in a strip around the middle of the circle and a rectangle towards of bottom of the image with examples of foods high in critical nutrients in black and white. The chosen picture was modified using input from participants and validated with three additional focus groups, improving its understanding and acceptance.most participants understood that the image represented the relationship between healthy eating and daily physical activity, correctly identifying the food groups for which increased intake was suggested and those groups in which intake should be reduced or avoided.Introducción: las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) generalmente van acompañadas de una imagen para su difusión e implementación. Objetivo: diseñar y validar una imagen que represente la variedad y proporcionalidad de las nuevas guías alimentarias para la población chilena, incluyendo los alimentos altos en nutrientes críticos que es necesario evitar y la actividad física. Método: un panel de expertos analizó siete propuestas gráficas y seleccionó tres que fueron validadas con 12 grupos focales de personas de 10-14 y 20-40 años, distinto sexo, nivel socioeconómico y sector urbano/rural. Se analizó la percepción de la variedad y proporcionalidad de los grupos de alimentos a comer diariamente y la motivación a la acción en alimentación y actividad física. Se trabajó con METAPLÁN, método ya utilizado en la validación de las GABA. Resultados y discusión: la imagen definitiva es un círculo que presenta la variedad y proporcionalidad de los grupos de alimentos a consumir durante el día (en fotografías), incluye la actividad física en una franja que rodea la mitad del círculo y un rectángulo inferior con ejemplos de alimentos altos en nutrientes críticos en blanco y negro. La imagen elegida fue modificada con las aportaciones de los participantes y validada con tres nuevos grupos focales, mejorando su comprensión y aceptación. Conclusión: la mayoría de los participantes comprendió que la imagen representaba la relación entre la alimentación saludable y la actividad física diaria, identificando los grupos de alimentos de los que se sugiere comer más y de los que se necesita reducir o evitar su consumo.
- Published
- 2015
27. City features related to obesity in preschool children: a cross-sectional analysis of 159 cities in six Latin American countriesResearch in context
- Author
-
Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka, Ariela Braverman, Cecilia Anza-Ramirez, Ana Ortigoza, Mariana Lazo, Tamara Doberti, Lorena Rodriguez-Osiac, Gina S. Lovasi, Mónica Mazariegos, Olga Sarmiento, Carolina Pérez Ferrer, and J. Jaime Miranda
- Subjects
Childhood obesity ,Nutrition ,Urban health ,Residence characteristics ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Childhood obesity is a rising global health problem. The rapid urbanization experienced in Latin America might impact childhood obesity through different pathways involving urban built and social features of cities. We aimed to evaluate the association between built and social environment features of cities and childhood obesity across countries and cities in Latin America. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from 20,040 children aged 1–5 years living in 159 large cities in six Latin American countries. We used individual-level anthropometric data for excess weight (overweight or obesity) from health surveys that could be linked to city-level data. City and sub-city level exposures included the social environment (living conditions, service provision and educational attainment) and the built environment (fragmentation, isolation, presence of mass transit, population density, intersection density and percent greenness). Multi-level logistic models were used to explore associations between city features and excess weight, adjusting for age, sex, and head of household education. Findings: The overall prevalence of excess weight among preschool children was 8% but varied substantially between and within countries, ranging from 4% to 25%. Our analysis showed that 97% of the variability was between individuals within sub-city units and around 3% of the variance in z-scores of weight for height was explained by the city and sub-city levels. At the city-level, a higher distance between urban patches (isolation, per 1 SD increase) was associated with lower odds of excess weight (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99). Higher sub-city education was also associated with lower odds of excess weight, but better sub-city living conditions were associated with higher odds of excess weight. Interpretation: Built and social environment features are related to excess weight in preschool children. Our evidence from a wide range of large Latin American cities suggests that urban health interventions may be suitable alternatives towards attaining the goal of reducing excess weight early in the life course. Funding: The SALURBAL project (Salud Urbana en América Latina, Urban Health in Latin America) is funded by Wellcome [205177/Z/16/Z].
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Evaluación de procedimientos relacionados con la alimentación parenteral, en dos centros pediátricos de hospitales públicos de Santiago
- Author
-
Macarena González C, M. Loreto Lizana V, M. Francisca Molina P, Ingrid Muñoz M, Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac, and Carlos Castillo D
- Subjects
administración ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,alimentación parenteral ,normas ,parenteral feeding ,hospital ,administration ,norms - Abstract
Introducción: No existen normas específicas en Chile, para los procedimientos posteriores a la preparación de AP. Objetivo: Describir los procesos involucrados en el transporte, almacenamiento, administración y supervisión de las alimentaciones parenterales (AP), en Unidades Pediátricas de Hospitales públicos de Santiago. Material y Métodos: Entre agosto y octubre de 2001, se efectuaron 78 observaciones de los procesos posteriores a la preparación de AP en farmacia: transporte, almacenamiento y administración al paciente, en 4 Unidades de 2 hospitales públicos de Santiago. Resultados: En transporte, los dispositivos ocupados fueron diversos. Se observó errores en la administración aséptica de AP: el lavado de manos fue adecuado en 10-21% de las observaciones en el hospital A y en 37-50% en hospital B; no se usaron guantes estériles en el 100% en el hospital A y en 50% en hospital B; el uso exclusivo para AP del acceso venoso varió entre un 5 y un 90% entre las 4 unidades pediátricas o neonatales. No se observó supervisión periódica de los procedimientos. Conclusiones: Los errores en los procedimientos de alimentación parenteral evaluados, hacen indispensable revisar y/o establecer normas relacionadas con alimentación parenteral, en cada una de sus etapas Introduction: There are no technical recommendations available for some procedures in the handling and giving of parenteral nutrition (PN) in Chile. Objective: to describe the steps related to the PN delivery to children. Subjects and methods: a blinded study of 78 observations of PN transport, storage, administration and supervision in newborns and older children in 2 Santiago hospitals, by 4 student nurses. Results: Hand washing was adequate in 10-21% in hospital A and 37-50% in hospital B, sterile gloves were not used 100% in hospital A, and 50% in B. The exclusive usage of venous access for PN was between 5 and 90%. No systematic supervision was noted. Conclusions: there are mistakes associated with the administration of PN in the hospitals studied. Norms and supervision are required
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Relationship between body mass index and residential segregation in large cities of Latin America
- Author
-
Tamara Doberti Herrera, Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Sandra Flores-Alvarado, Carolina Pérez Ferrer, Diana Higuera, and Leticia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Subjects
Residential segregation ,Obesity ,Latin America ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Obesity is a global health problem, and its connection with social and environmental factors is well-established. Social factors, such as urban segregation, may impact obesity through various mechanisms, including food and physical activity environments, as well as social norms and networks. This multilevel study aims to examine the effect of socio-economic residential segregation of Latin American cities on the obesity of individuals within those cities. Methods We analyzed data from national surveys for a total of 59,340 individuals of 18–70 years of age, conducted in 156 cities across Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico between 2007 and 2013. We adjusted two-level linear mixed models for body mass index (BMI) stratified by sex and country, controlling for age, educational level and poverty. Separate models were built for dissimilarity and isolation segregation indices. Results The relationships between segregation indices and BMI were mostly not statistically significant, and in some cases, they were opposite to what was expected. The only significant relationships were observed in Colombian men, using the dissimilarity index (-7.5 [95% CI: -14.4, -0.5]) and in Colombian women, using the isolation index (-7.9 [95% CI: -14.1, -1.7]). Conclusions While individual-level factors cannot fully explain differences among people in the same city, segregation indices may help. However, we found that in some cases, the relationship between BMI and segregation indices is opposite to what is expected based on prior literature. This should be considered in examining the phenomenon. Further research on obesogenic environments in segregated neighborhoods could provide valuable evidence.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Rethinking the Social Determination of Food in Chile Through Practices and Interactions of Actors in Food Environments: Nonexperimental, Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
-
Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, Lorena Rodríguez Osiac, Carolina Franch Maggiolo, and Daniel Egaña Rojas
- Subjects
Medicine ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
BackgroundFood environments are crucial for promoting healthy and sustainable eating and preventing obesity. However, existing food environment frameworks assume an already installed causality and do not explain how associations in food environments are established or articulated, especially from an integrative and transdisciplinary approach. This research attempts to bridge these gaps through the use of Actor-Network Theory, which traces the relationship network between human (and nonhuman) actors in order to describe how these interact and what agencies (direct or remote) are involved. ObjectiveThis study aims to explain the practices and interactions of actors in food environments in order to approach the problem of unhealthy eating with a transdisciplinary approach. MethodsThis is a nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Due to the complexity of the study phenomena, a mixed methods approach with 4 consecutive phases will be developed in Chile. Phase 1 involves a systematic literature review of food environment evidence since 2015, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol; phase 2 involves the application of a shortened version of the Nutrition Environment Measure Scale—Perceptions adapted to Chile (NEMS-P-Ch) in 2 neighborhoods with different socioeconomic levels; in phase 3, six focus groups in each neighborhood will be conducted to address social determinants such as gender, employment status, and migration; and in phase 4, participant observation and in-depth interviews will be used to analyze the direct and empirical exploration of the actors in their daily interaction with food environments. The triangulation and complementarity of the data will allow us to create a practical model about the practices and interactions of actors in their food environments, which reflects the complexity and transdisciplinary nature of the study. ResultsWe have advanced in phases 1-3 of the study. In phase 1, a total of 109 manuscripts are being revised for data extraction. In phase 2, we applied the NEMS-P-Ch to 785 people, 49.4% (388/785) of whom belong to a low socioeconomic neighborhood. Participants from phase 2 are being contacted to participate in the focus groups (phase 3). By the end of July, we have conducted 6 focus groups with 5-11 participants. ConclusionsThis study will provide a comprehensive understanding of how individuals interact with their food environments, offering deep insights into the factors influencing their food-related decisions. In addition, the study aims to develop a model that more accurately reflects reality by examining not only the food environments themselves but also the interactions among various stakeholders within these environments and their daily practices. The findings of this study will offer evidence-based insights to inform public policies tailored to the specific territories and communities under investigation or those with similar characteristics. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/62765
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.