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Background and objectives: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate test guides dentists in the suspicion of inflammatory reactions or infections of the dental focus. In 1981, Kondi mentioned that any delay after blood sampling for the purpose of determining the ESR can lead to a false shortening of the result. The literature indicates that failure to determine within 1 hour and remixing of blood are not recommended. The objectives of our study were to verify the stability of the determinations within 4 hours after storage at room temperature and after 12 hours of refrigeration, involving also the remixing manoeuvre. Materials and Methods:The study was performed in the “St. SpiridonˮHospital of Iași, Romania, on 75 samples, taking also into account the rejected samples presenting source of error. Results: The study showed that 4 (5.33%) samples had an inadequate volume, 3 (4%) showed erythrocyte and fibrin in suspension, preventing the interpretation of the result, whereas the clot was identified in 4 (5.33%) samples. Following 4 hours after the first determination, respectively after 12 hours of refrigeration, rebalancing at room temperature and remixing, forout of the 64 (85.33%) determinations the results were comparable showing a close correlation (r = 0.988 / 0.993 / 0.990, p

Thrombocytopenia represents one of the most frequent causes of addressability for a hematological consultation. The purpose of the study is to establish a correlation between the degree of thrombocytopenia and the appearance of the mucocutaneous bleeding, with a therapeutic purpose. Materials and method: Our study is a retrospective observational study and was carried out on a group of 100 patients who were referred to the Hematology Clinic of Sp. St. Spiridon, Iași for a period of 12 months and who presented with isolated thrombocytopenia on admission. Other coagulopathy evolving with thrombocytopenia were excluded. To establish the correlation between the decrease in the number of platelets and the appearance of the hemorrhagic skin-mucosal syndrome, statistical methods were used – F Test – Two sample for Variance. Results and discussions: Thrombocytopenia was defined as the value of platelets below 150,000\mmc. 5 grades of thrombocytopenia were established: grade I (TR=150,000-100,000/mmc), grade II (TR= 100,000-50,000/mmc), grade III (TR=50,000-20,000/mmc), grade IV (TR= 20,000 -10,000/mmc), grade V (TR below 10,000/mmc)40% of the patients included in the study presented thrombocytopenia gr. I, 24% – grade II, 15% – grade III, 6% – grade IV and 15% presented severe thrombocytopenia (grade V). The mucocutaneous bleeding was manifested by: petechiae and ecchymosis, epistaxis, bleeding in the oral cavity (gingival bleeding, hemorrhagic bullae), menometrorrhagia, hematuria, melena. There is a statistical correlation between the number of platelets and the occurrence of mucocutaneous bleeding: p=0.000121 (p less than 0.001). The first clinical manifestations of the mucocutaneous bleeding appeared at the value of 70,000/mmc. No statistical correlation was obtained between the age of the patients and the number of platelets (p=0.0352). Conclusions: The occurrence of mucocutaneous bleeding is directly related to the decrease in the number of platelets. The oral cavity usually is involved in bleeding caused by the decrease in the number of platelets and requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Dental caries is a multifactorial, dynamic disease that affects dental hard tissues, being initiated by acidic products from oral biofilms. The etiology and pathophysiology of dental caries are extremely complex. It is widely accepted that changes in the local microecology and disruption of tooth re/demineralization could cause dental caries. Moreover, saliva, fluoride application, dietary sugars and preventive behaviors could also influence it. In recent decades, a combination of drug-release and controlled-release systems for the purpose of caries prevention has gradually attracted attention. These could help maintain the concentration of anti-caries agents in situ through sustained drug release. Such local application has many advantages, such as high efficacy and few systemic effects. Thus, in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on drug delivery systems for different stages of dental caries.

Normal individuals of all ages possess the innate ability to produce vitamin D following exposure to sunlight. Inadequate vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with a wide range of diseases, including oral health disorders. Insufficient sunlight exposure may exacerbate some of these diseases, possibly due to impaired vitamin D synthesis. Although vitamin D can be obtained from dietary sources, dietary intake alone is often insufficient, providing only 20% of the body’s requirements. Emerging data suggest that vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the development of coronary risk factors and predisposes individuals to hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and chronic vascular inflammation. Additionally, low levels of vitamin D have a significant impact on oral health status due to its immunoregulatory properties.The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health extend beyond direct effects on tooth mineralization; they also include anti-inflammatory functions and the stimulation of antimicrobial peptide production. Consequently, various oral pathologies are influenced by low levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Chronic and/or severe vitamin D deficiency can result in decreased intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. This secondary hyperparathyroidism, in turn, causes phosphaturia and accelerated bone demineralization, ultimately resulting in osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults and osteomalacia and rickets in children. Vitamin D is highly implicated in oral diseases and has been associated with a higher risk of tooth defects, caries, periodontitis, failure of oral treatments, and interference in the development of oral cancers.

Abnormal pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate, also named concha bullosa, is one of the most frequent anomalies of the ethmoid-osteomeatal complex. Clinical studies have demonstrated a prevalence between 14% and 53% in the general population. Apart from the high frequency, the importance of this anomaly resides in the loco-regional changes it produces. First, it modifies the airflow at the level of the nasal passages both through the mass effect and through the irritating action on the adjacent nasal mucosa. Therefore, congestion of the nasal mucosa occurs. Secondly, it is a predisposing factor for the installation of rhinosinus infections, especially with chronic rhinosinusitis and fungal sinus infections. Thirdly, concha bullosa can cause rhinogenic pain through the same irritating phenomenon at the level of the mucosa. Our paper aims to address the anatomic-clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate, paying special attention to the concepts of development and etiological factors. Finally, yet importantly, we propose an original anatomical-morphological classification that includes semiological computer tomographic aspects highlighted both in the sagittal plane and in the axial plane.

Introduction. The pneumatized cavities of the skull are characterized by the presence of numerous anatomical variants. Among these, the aberrant pneumatization of the middle turbinate is noteworthy, both in terms of prevalence and in terms of clinical resounding. The identification of this anomaly can be achieved clinically through anterior or posterior rhinoscopy, but the diagnostic gold standard is represented by spiral computer tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of concha bullosa (CB) in the Romanian population and to observe the distribution of the anomaly according to sex and age groups. Secondarily, we propose a new clinical classification based on the morphological appearance of concha bullosa. The selected cases will be distributed according to this new classification. Thirdly, we will study the association of concha bullosa with rhinosinusitis. Materials and methods. Our retrospective randomized study included 105 CT scans of non-traumatic patients (mean 60.34 ± 20.48 years) who underwent cranio-cerebral examinations between 01.07.2023 – 31.12.2023 in the Iasi Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital. Results. Concha bullosa was identified in 57 patients out of 106 (53.77%). Among them, 30 (28.3%) had the bilateral form and 27 (25.47%) the unilateral form. The applied statistical tests demonstrated a uniform distribution by age and gender groups. Within the classification proposed by us, we have identified all nine subtypes. Between subtypes I (A, B, C) and subtypes II (A, B, C), we recorded statistical significance (p = 0.00092), with the predominance of the lamellar type over the bulbous type. Conclusions. Concha bullosa has a high prevalence in the studied cohort. It does not show variations related to age or sex, which supports the malformative origin. The classification proposed by us ensures a better picture of the local mass effect determined by CB.

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 virus detection on nasopharyngeal specimens to infected individuals was a challenge for the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of antigenic detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples using an immunochromatographic method with molecular detection via qRT-PCR. Materials and Methods: 47 nasopharyngeal exudates were collected from suspected COVID-19 cases. The samples were performed both with the qualitative immuno-chromatographic method for S protein detection in the SARS-CoV-2 structure, fluorescent labelled anti-protein S antibodies and by qRT-PCR test for the qualitative detection of the screening gene E and the specific ORF1ab region of the RNA-SARS-CoV-2. Results: There was a good correlation between the positive antigen tests and the positive PCR assays measured through threshold cycle ORF1ab region (Ct orf). A better correlation was obtained between the antigen test results and the positive qRT-PCR tests when including patients with Ct orf below 25. Conclusions: Antigen testing is helpful for symptomatic people, especially during infectious period. A positive test has a high predictive value for infection, while a negative antigen test result via immuno-chromatography must be confirmed by a qRT-PCR test.

Adolescents and young adults’ active lifestyles make dental trauma a significant medical concern. Aim: This study aims to assess the etiology, frequency, and localization of dental and periodontal trauma in adolescents and young adults, along with these individuals’ predisposition based on age, gender, and residence. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 109 adolescents and young adults from a database of the Emergency and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at “Sf. Spiridon” Hospital, Iasi, Romania. The collected data included demographic details, mechanisms of dental and periodontal trauma, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, with comparisons based on age, gender, and residence. Results: Enamel fractures (23.9%) and enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (20.2%) were the most frequent dental injuries. Concussion (58.7%), subluxation (21.1%), luxation, avulsion (7.3%), and extrusion (5.5%) were common periodontal injuries. The anterior region of the dental arch accounted for the majority (60.6%) of injuries. Adolescents under 17 years were more prone to enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (23.8%), enamel-dentin fractures with pulp exposure (20.6%), and root fractures (20.6%), while young adults over 18 years had a higher incidence of enamel fractures (32.6%) and crown-root fractures (30.4%). Falls (66.7%) were the predominant cause of trauma for female patients, whereas male patients were more often injured during sports activities (49.3%). The younger age group was 0.29 times more likely to sustain enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (p = 0.049, OR = 0.291) and root fractures (p = 0.047, OR = 0.241). Conclusions: Traumatic dental injuries are more prevalent in young adults compared to adolescents, with falls and sports activities being the most common causes, particularly among males. These findings emphasize the need for targeted preventive programs aimed at reducing the incidence of dento-periodontal trauma in these age groups.

Maxillofacial trauma, as seen from a medico-legal point of view, is an integral part of medical practice in emergency departments. Therefore, general practitioners should have sufficient knowledge about their roles and responsibilities in managing these cases. This study aimed to assess general practitioners’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding managing medico-legal cases (MLCs). Material and method: This study included 113 general practitioners from St. Spiridon Hospital in Iasi, Romania. Participants completed a self-administered structured questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners regarding the handling of medico-legal cases. Results: The scores obtained for the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices indicate a good level of knowledge on the part of the responding doctors, with the average value being 38, in a range from 0 to 49 (min. value 28–max wave. 47). The score regarding the attitudes of doctors related to the management of medico-legal cases is modest, with the average value being 37 points out of a maximum of 60 points (min. 14–max. 51). The same situation is recorded in the case of practices regarding the management of medico-legal cases, with the average value being 68 out of a maximum value of 90 (min. 38–max. 84). Conclusion: This study’s results revealed the absence of a well-defined protocol for the recognition and handling of medico-legal cases among general practitioners from Iasi and the need to improve the level of attitudes and practices regarding the management of medico-legal cases. The limitations of this study included the relatively small sample from a single hospital and the use of a methodology based on self-administered questionnaires, which may be subjective. Accordingly, future studies should involve larger and more diverse samples to monitor changes in knowledge and practices over time and qualitative methodologies to gain deeper physician-related insights into medical case management.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.

Cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease are two distinct conditions that have been found to be linked through various research studies. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone. It is primarily caused by the accumulation of dental plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to gum inflammation, gum recession, tooth loss, and even systemic health problems. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing or treating periodontal disease is important for overall health

Composite materials are biomaterials frequently used in dental restorations, offering an extremely wide range of structures adapted to both the location and the aesthetic and biomechanical requirements of the dental structure to which they are applied. The indications for the use of these biomaterials are not only restricted to the field of conservative dentistry but also in the preparation and reconstruction of dental structures involved in prosthetic therapy, periodontology and dental alveolar surgery, their choice being in accordance with the specifics of the operation performed. The aim of our study was to observe the influence of different beverage environment conditions on two types of obturation dental materials with different compositions from a morpho-structural point of view, water sorption characteristics of the restorative dental composites were determined through DVS measurements. By associating the value of isotherms with the degree of porosity of the surfaces of the two samples analysed, we can conclude that the surface alteration is relatively similar for the two types of material, with higher values being obtained for sample P1 in the presence of Red Bull and then Fanta.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is classified in the interstitial lung disease group, being caused by inhalation exposure to sensitized allergen. Exposure to inhalant allergens is often significant in the workplace, being favoured by the long duration of time spent at work, air circulation, and alveolar hyperventilation during high physical efforts and technological processes involved. Identifying the causative agents of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is not always easy and symptoms often appear insidiously, after long periods of exposure, which can delay diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic tests do not always provide rapid positive results or involve invasive explorations that cannot be applied or are not accepted by patients. We exemplify these findings with a case study of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis following exposure to fish products and derivatives. Although initiation of treatment and cessation of exposure may improve symptoms and reverse pulmonary interstitial changes, exacerbations and rapid progression are not usual developmental pathways. Worker sensitization, effective ventilation of workplaces, wearing protective equipment (especially protective masks adapted to the type and size of particles released) and regular assessment of employees are the main measures to reduce the risk of most respiratory diseases.

Radiographic methods provide useful information about bone tissue changes, and radiographs have the advantage that they can be stored and reevaluated at any time. However, radiographic evaluations are subject to several sources of error. The purpose of this study was to analyze the maxillary bones by computer tomographic analysis, assessing the value of their density as a predictive element in the success of oral rehabilitation by classical or modern methods. In this study, we selected 35 patients for dental CT scans made with a Somatom Emotion device, Siemens in order to apply dental implants and removable prostheses. 20 women and 15 men aged between 60-80 years participated in the study . For comparison, 6 dental CT scans from the group of patients under the age of 65 were analyzed. The measurements were made on approximately symmetrical right-left areas. A line parallel to the long axis of the horizontal branch of the mandible, tangential to the lower edge, was drawn. The correlative aspects established between the patient’s sex, bone density and the dimensions of the edentulous ridges underline a prevalence, in percentage of 55%, of medium ridges in the frontal area, associated with the female sex and a D3 bone density, while medium ridges both frontally and laterally associated with D3 density and association with the male sex. The value of the CT examination in evaluating the quality of edentulous ridges and some foreign bodies and sinus inflammatory processes with the evaluation of the proximity of important anatomical structures as landmarks in implantology is evident.

Considering that, unlike bone tissue, teeth do not change their composition to a small extent after they have been definitively formed, special attention regarding the relationship between nutritional factors and dental development must be directed to the children. The primary dentition begins to develop after two months of intrauterine life, and the permanent dentition a few months before birth. Important nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy can induce malformations in the child and susceptibility to dental caries. In turn, children with chronic nutritional imbalances (deficiencies or excesses in some nutrients) may present with late tooth eruptions, compromising the integrity of the teeth and increasing the frequency of caries.

Restorative dentistry, in particular whole crown preparation is known to cause gingival recession. Inadequate partial dentures and soft tissue support can cause severe gum recession. Incorrect use of elevators in oral surgery procedures can destroy the alveolar bone of adjacent teeth causing recession. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cumulative factors influencing the final therapeutic success following the lowering of periodontal status with the type of prosthetic restoration performed.We evaluated a total of 80 prosthetic restorations, 20 veneers and 25 zirconia-supported ceramic crowns and 35 metal-ceramic crowns(CCM). The percentage of sites showing a periodontal space depth greater than 3 mm was lower in the porcelain veneer group. The frequency of periodontal pockets of 4 mm was 1% in the buccal surfaces of the veneers, 4% in the CCM buccal surfaces and 2% in the CCM palatal surfaces. There were no statistically significant differences between the determinations made at the sites assessed at the CCM level and those assessed at the veneers level. 1. Subgingival placement of prosthetic restorations has a negative impact on periodontal health and consequently on their aesthetic outcome. Ceramic veneers, due to their preparation requirements and the advantage they offer due to their all-ceramic structure, have the least impact on periodontal health status.

Thus, gingival hypergrowth should be considered as a particular form of gingival diseases. As mentioned in the presentation of gingival and periodontal diseases, hypergrowth can be determined by a large number of factors, the most common of which is poor oral hygiene, which through chronic inflammation increases the volume of gingival tissues, increases the bleeding tendency, the surface of the gingival mucosa lose the lobulated appearance. In the case of medicinal gingival hypergrowth, along with the inducing factor represented by the drug (nifedipine, phenytoin and ciclosporin A), poor oral hygiene has a primary role in its occurrence and development . The relationship between the extent and severity of gingival overgrowth and a variety of drug variables (dose, duration, serum and saliva concentration) is a controversial issue. Many researchers agree that there is a certain concentration of the drug in the blood, basic or threshold, which when exceeded can lead to the appearance of gingival hypergrowth and this concentration is variable from individual to individual .

Master drugs are products that are prepared in the pharmacy, on request, based on a prescription that is individualized for each patient. They are prepared in small quantities, have a short shelf life and are intended for immediate use. The main preparation can be customized by an alternative dosage form, an individualized concentration or a combination therapy. This study aims at continuous research on the use of innovative bases used in the topical treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Patients appreciated the personalized treatment schedule and could be evaluated periodically, adjusting the treatment according to the evolution of the lesions.

Aplastic anemia is a non-oncological haematological disease, which is a challenge for specialists due to the severity of the clinical symptoms. It is characterized by hypocellularity of the bone marrow and its secondary pancytopenia. The aim of this paper is to characterize the symptoms of the oral cavity and the associated risks in the context of aplastic anemia. A brief review of the literature was conducted that highlighted pathological changes in the oral cavity in patients with aplastic anemia, to which were added data from current clinical experience. The clinical picture varies depending on the predominantly affected cell line. In aplastic anemia, symptoms of the oral cavity are always present. Thus, pallor can be found in the oral cavity as a sign of severe anemia, infections secondary to severe neutropenia and secondary immune deficiency syndrome, spontaneous bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia. In addition to the signs of damage to the oral cavity in the context of the disease, there are symptoms caused by the side effects of treatment specific to this haematological pathology. Of these, gingival hyperplasia secondary to cyclosporine treatment is the most constant. Often these symptoms are the initial manifestation of the disease, which requires special attention from the dentist. The prevention, diagnosis, and specific treatment of oral pathology in the context of aplastic anemia improves the quality of life of these patients.

The flexible partial denture is the newest product in denture technology and is the result of integrating nylon-like materials into the fabrication of removable dentures. The study aims to identify the clinical-technological features associated with the therapeutic solution for the resolution of partially edentulous teeth by means of partially removable elastic dentures made of Biodentaplast.A number of 38 clinical cases diagnosed with partially extended edentulousness were analyzed, whose mobilizable therapeutic solution was represented by the flexible prosthesis, represented by Biodentaplast. Treatment with Biodentaplast flexible acrylic partial dentures is a real success when the clinical and paraclinical evaluation is rigorous, the clinical steps are correctly carried out and the technological execution is extremely precise and individualized to the clinical particularities. Aesthetic demands, which have become a social phenomenon in today’s life, are not only an important dental problem for contemporary dentistry but also a professional duty. The type of prosthodontic treatment is fully in line with the particularity of the prosthetic field, the presence or absence of specific prosthodontic training in conjunction with the manner of aesthetic restoration by individualized modelling decisively influences the final results.

The oral cavity which is known as the buccal cavity is the first part of the digestive system, being ovoidal in shape. Anatomically, the oral cavity has 2 compartments: the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper. Anaemic syndromes are haematological disorders that have a significant impact on the quality of life and that cause important changes on the structures of the oral cavity. Proper examination of the compartments of the oral cavity can provide important information on systemic diseases that develop anaemic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe the main types of anaemic syndromes and how they affect the structures of oral cavity. The oral symptoms of the anemia are non-specific but should alert dentists to the possibility of a severe systemic disease. These manifestations must be properly recognized to obtain appropriate diagnosis and referral for correct treatment.

The oral mucosa plays an important role in the body, due to its multiple functions. The normal structure and the functions of the oral mucosa can be frequently affected, temporarily or permanently, as a result of inflammation with or without infections, physical aggression, chemical trauma, iatrogenic or other causes. The oral mucosa is involved in signaling and protecting against aero-digestive diseases and at the same time can be an indicator and evaluator (along with the smell sense) of substances that are introduced into the body voluntarily or involuntarily. No doubt that some areas such as the lingual mucosa, may in some cases reflect the general health of the digestive tract or even the body. Due to its morphological and chemical structure, the oral mucosa allows a faster diffusion, compared to the skin, of some ions and therapeutic molecules, the risk of sensitization being extremely low. Pharmacotherapy is known to be the most common and convenient way to administer drugs by swallowing. However research has shown that transmucosal absorption requires adequate blood supply to the submucosal connective tissue, a requirement that is appreciably met by the oral mucosa through the presence of abundant circulation that greatly increases the amount of substances absorbed. Taken as a whole and summarizing the functional implications of the oral mucosa, it can be concluded that this is an area of the stomatognathic system with complex roles and connections with the neighborhood and ensures a good development of digestive function, phonation and secondary to respiratory function.

The design of skeletal partial removable dentures must be made following a thorough analysis of their possibilities of movement during the exercise of the functions of the dental-maxillary apparatus. Through the study we aim to individualize the balance between aesthetics and functionality within the clinical-technological algorithm for making partially mobilizable skeletal prostheses, anchored in the classic register, therapeutic solutions dictated by the particularity of the clinical case. The algorithm for the realization of a number of 36 removable skeletal prostheses anchored in the classic register made of Cr-Co alloys, respectively Ni-Cr, was evaluated, their final design being grafted on the specificity of the clinical-biological indices corroborated with the therapeutic principles for each clinical case. The classical systems of therapeutic solution of partially extended edentation are valid in any conditions of local, loco-regional pathology, subsequent to the resolution of the complications present at the level of the muco-osseous or dental-periodontal support.

Aim of the study: the study on the allergic, inflammatory and toxic reactions of the dental alloys. Material and method: Oral clinical examination followed the presence of reactions due to some release elements in the oral environment. Morphopathological examination allowed to assess the reactivity of oral tissues who were in direct contact with dental materials. Results: the subjective symptoms incriminated was: metallic taste, burning sensations, decrease in taste sensitivity, etc. association with general status. Objective symptoms was: allergic, inflammatory, and chimico-toxic mechano-iritative reactions. Mophopatologic examen show atrophic aspects of oral mucosa with decrease dimension and papiles brides, or hipertrophic aspect, with inflammatory infiltration in the corion and distrophic lesions with to break off epithelium integrity. Conclusions: metallic restorations may determine unfavorable interactions between alloys and oral adjacent structures with severe clinical implications.

Osteoporosis and periodontitis have as a major characteristics the bone resorption as well as the fact that it affects the adult population. The aim of the study was to assess periodontal status in a group of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis with and without bisphosphonate treatment. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 63 patients, mean age 64.49 ± 9,362. The necessary data regarding the presence of systemic diseases as well as the oral health of the patient were collected retrospectively from the observation chart, which contains information on demographic data and the clinical exam was performed using the EGOHID The ANOVA and Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance and the statistical significance threshold was set at p

Ceramic restorations on zirconia framework can be used in different areas of the dental arch, integrating perfectly and can be indicated, concomitantly, in some coronal conditions such as dyschromia, moderate dental abrasions, dystrophies, incipient carious processes, dental dwarfism, dysplasia, dental fractures in the incisal third of the dental units and other malpositions, providing patients with superior results through good marginal adaptation and restoration of interdental relationships. CAD/CAM systems are now widely used in dentistry to make dental restorations. The introduction of these systems in dentistry has made it possible to meet the expectations of patients, who, with the help of chair-side systems, can benefit from high quality and precise prosthetic restorations in a single treatment session. The aim of this study is to individualize the correlation between the clinical and technological stages, the therapeutic solutions being anchored in the non-metallic register, the treatment decision being made according to the particularity of the clinical case, in order to achieve the final clinical success through the aesthetic requirements.

Chewing is the first step in the process of digestion and is meant to prepare the food for swallowing and further processing in the digestive system. During chewing, the food bolus or food particles are reduced in size and saliva is secreted to moisten and lubricate the food. The urge to swallow the food could be triggered by a threshold level in both food particle size and lubrication of the food bolus. The physiological masticatory behavior is essentially defined, by the ability of different muscle groups to act alternately, correlated, integrated and nuanced, to achieve an effectively adapted mastication. Human chewing behavior is one of the most complex physiological behaviors.

Sinus lifts is a procedure often used in the last four decades. Posterior atrophic maxilla with pneumatized sinus often challenges dental implant surgery. Sinus lift in order to augment the residual alveolar ridge height resulted in various sinus lift surgical techniques. Sinus augmentation in atrophic maxilla transforms the atrophic posterior maxilla to a favorable place for implant placement. The primary method of long-term evaluation of sinus grafts has been evaluated based on the implant survival. Implant placed with sinus lift grafts had shown superior results than those placed without grafts. Lateral window method (direct technique) offers the best visualization of the sinus membrane. Particulate grafts used should has osteoinductive or osteoconductive properties and to help in long-term volume maintenance. Within the limits of this study, we can say that the primary method of long-term evaluation of sinus grafts has been evaluated based on the implant survival. Implant placed with sinus lift grafts had shown superior results than those placed without grafts.

For the vast majority of the population, natural medicine still continues to show its dominant role in the health system and this is especially true in developing countries. The foundations of modern medicine lie in antiquity, in the discoveries of ancient human civilizations regarding the plant world. Flavonoids, an important group of natural substances with variable structures, belong to a class of secondary metabolites of plants and are widely found in fruits, vegetables, grains, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. These natural sources are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are currently being made to isolate and extract plant compounds. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has unique biological properties that can improve mental / physical performance. These properties are formed based on the potential benefits for general health and disease resistance, including anti-carcinogens, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and psychostimulant activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability and mitochondrial stimulation of biogenesis.

The impact of aesthetic disharmonies on the balance of the stomatognathic system is an eloquent plea for the implementation of well-conducted prophylactic methods, with the elimination of etiopathogenic factors correlate with iatrogenicity, the type of biomaterial used, the technological approach, without avoiding the archetypes characterized by the specifics of the general binominal state-oral pathology . Considering the complexity and variety of the pathology generated by the dento – somato -facial disharmony, the study aimed to individualize an aesthetic evaluation algorithm, quantifying the installed complications and the present restorative treatments in triggering the area of signs and symptoms of this clinical entity with profound implications on the oral balance. After analyzing the parameters related to the units odontal and the relationships that are established between them at the level of the dental arches, between these lips and the main lines of the face, we will proceed to the analysis of the gingival festoon. The cases in which restoration of the dento-periodontal aesthetic balance can be achieved exclusively through a single treatment method are relatively few in numbe

Most authors who have been concerned with the pathology of the stomatognathic system and the factors that influence it (involution of stomatognathic structures, associated systemic diseases) claim that, despite recent therapeutic advances in dentistry that solve multiple morphofunctional problems, they also cause many secondary phenomena. The involvement of systemic factors in the pathology of the elements of the stomatognathic system requires the knowledge of the main characteristics of the general pathology of the elderly that influences the condition of the component segments of the system. Epidemiological studies regarding the incidence and the prevalence of affection offenses generated by the removable prostheses show the importance of the local factors generating negative effects in full agreement with the intensity, duration and correlating their action . The oral cavity reflects as a mirror the existence of clinical manifestations caused by systemic risk factors, and can often become their “primary alarm signal” or “primary diagnostic key” .The dentist must be prepared to observe obvious general clinical changes that may occur during the therapeutic act, changes that may indicate an aggravation of the general status and may induce some therapeutic risks. At their origin are the excessive stresses exerted on the residual ridge by the natural teeth present in the mandible, within the combined syndrome that we mentioned, but also the inappropriate occlusal relations.Histological and histochemical studies have shown the presence of severe fibrosis, inflammation and resorption of the underlying bone .

Anatomical knowledge of the facial vasculature is crucial for successful plastic, reconstructive, and minimally invasive procedures of the face. The facial artery is palpated as it crosses the inferior mandibular rim immediately anterior to the insertion of the masseter muscle. This point is also helpful in locating the course of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve. After crossing the mandibular rim, the facial artery and vein then follow an anterosuperior course in the direction of the oral commissure. Near the angle of the mouth, the inferior labial artery and then the superior labial artery branch off medially The facial vein, also referred to as the anterior facial vein, is a paired vessel and the main vein of the face. The facial veins stem from the angular veins on each side of the root of the nose. Some sources claim that the angular vein, which arises from the confluence of the supratrochlear and supraorbital veins, is only an initial segment of the facial vein.

Classic metallic biomaterials, such as type 316 austenitic stainless steels, Co-Cr alloys and titanium alloys, are recognized for their excellent mechanical properties that recommend them to be used primarily in the execution of implants to assist in the healing of human hard tissues in dentistry .But, at the same time, it is known that corrosion resistance in the human body, the emission of metal ions in adjacent tissues and a low biocompatibility compared to other classes of biomaterials are negative aspects of metal alloys. For this reason, numerous studies and research aim to improve the corrosion resistance of metal alloys used as biomaterials .This classic pattern of metallic biomaterials has been changed relatively recently by the advent of biodegradable metals and alloys.Biodegradable metals are metals that gradually corrode in vivo , with the host organism having an appropriate response to corrosion products, which will completely dissolve in the body after the mission of healing the surrounding tissue. Therefore, the major component of biodegradable metals would be the essential metallic elements, which can be metabolized by the human body and demonstrate the rate of degradation in the human body.

(1) Background: the present study continues previous research on new marking techniques by using intelligent materials, NFC-tags (Near Field Communication tags) and Aerogel. They prevent the loss of information over time for cadavers of unknown identities in various stages of destruction or unknown living victims, as well as missing persons who have lost or are concealing their identity. (2) Methods: this study consisted of a technological and an experimental stage. In the technological stage, two different sizes were used: round (Ø 1 cm, 0.1 mm thickness, 0.1 g weight) and square (5/5/0.1 mm), both with a 140 byte memory and high-temperature resistance (at max. 200 °C), (by the classical producing technology). After loading the identification information on the NFC-tags, they were embedded (either alone or protected by Aerogel) in the sample dentures using a new “sandwich technique” method, before the polymerization process. In the experimental stage, the sample dentures with the new materials were exposed to various damaging environments such as liquid media (sea water, fresh water, alcohol 40%, and HCl 0.2%) in order to test the time resistance of the identification elements. The samples were monitored and tested over four years. (3) Results: the information stored on the NFC tags was retrieved unaltered at the end of the monitoring period, regardless of the damage caused by the liquid media to the sample denture material and will provide an innovative solution as compared to other labeling methods. (4) Conclusion: the use of intelligent materials for labeling acrylic dentures provides additional reliability by preserving the identification information over time.

Bone seen as tissue is an extremely dynamic biological system, comprising a series of tightly regulated and synergistic anabolic and catabolic processes that lead to a metabolic homeostasis corresponding to skeletal structures. Osteoporosis is defined as an evolutive disease of the skeletal system characterized by loss of bone mass and alterations in the microarchitecture of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis has gained a huge resonance in recent years both personally and economically. In this review we are going to present some of the best known bone markers of resorption and bone formation, determined from blood and / or urine samples. Research for new biomarkers, which can predict abnormal bone mass loss at various stages of the disease, is ongoing. The impact of osteoporosis on the susceptibility of the host to periodontal damage is still being understood. It is clear that the efforts should be directed towards the prevention of periodontal disease in patients at risk for osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis should benefit from frequent periodontal treatments, especially if periodontal disease is already present. Starting from the studies collected from the literature, it is very interesting to define the relationship of periodontal disease and osteoporosis following a series of markers of bone resorption in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. A better understanding of the relationship between the two diseases, osteoporosis and periodontal disease, would help in the preventive and therapeutic measures as soon as it is possible.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the opportunity of metal or non- metallic reinforcement of mobilizable prostheses in accordance with the main factors can lead to fracture of partial or totally removable prostheses. Equally, establishing the correlations between the evaluated anatomical features and the intervention of general and loco-regional factors is part of the objectives of the statistical study, crowned with the mirror of the necessary treatment, a clear premise of the motivation of research to improve the quality of total prosthesis. For this purpose, we evaluated a study group consisting of a number of 84 patients diagnosed with total uni and bimaxillary edentation, subtotal and partially extended edentation that were presented in the Clinical Education Base of the Faculty of Dentistry Iasi, respectively in practice private offices, in the period 2018-2020. Regarding the need to reinforce the total prostheses , we remarked a need for 39%, 15% for nemetallic reinforcement and 24% for metallic reinforcement. The clinical statements encountered in the jaw antagonist of the total edentulous one have been edentulous partially stretched, respectively edentulous subtotal that involve forces higher in time carrying out the functions of mastication ( in the case of prosthetic joint ) elements which call for optimizing the possibilities of reinforcing the total prosthesis.

The oral cavity represents an area access zone from the external environment to the internal areas of the body and saliva is at the interface between microbial ecosystems and oral immune cells. Any imbalance of saliva physiology has an impact on oral and systemic health. Elevated inflammatory cytokines in saliva, for example, activates dysbiosis (disease) of periodontal tissues, feeding forward tissue inflammation, leading to oral tissue loss. Host–microbiome interactions complex modulate pathological transitions including gingivitis, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. However, mechanisms involving these interactions are poorly understood at the molecular level.

With a great prevalence, diseases of the oral cavity and respective tissues are a highly relevant global health issue. The common oral diseases, such as tooth loss, chewing deficiencies and quality of life impairment, oral and systemic disease interaction are apparent. It is very clear already that systemic diseases and conditions have the ability to create a risk of developing oral diseases for example periodontitis; on the other hand, oral inflammation can have an effect on cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory or bone health. Moreover, several general diseases are related to a potential risk of complications in dental therapy.

The reconstruction of segmental mandibular and maxillary defects remains a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon, from both a functional and an esthetic point of view. This paper reviews the history of oral cavity, especially of the maxillary and mandibular defects reconstruction over the past 60 years and evolution of surgical and prothetic reconstruction, examines the different techniques currently in use for mandibular and maxillary reconstruction as related to a range of etiologies, including the different bone donor sites, the alternative to free flaps, as welll the contribution of computer-assisted surgey. Osseouss free flaps allows relable and satisfying outcomes. Locoregional flap, distraction osteogenesis, induced membrane techniques are other potential options in less favorable cases. The introduction of microvascular surgery, the description and undestanding of the different soft tissue and composite tissues available for reconstruction along with technologic development in osseointegration and virtual surgical planning have transformed the lives of patients treated surgically for oral tumors.

Patients with mental disorders have a series of general and oral health problems correlated to specific psychiatric drugs, along with the difficulty of behavior and concentration, preventing them from respecting the real need for oral care. Many people affected by these disorders cannot perform oral hygiene satisfactorily. This is exacerbated by the prolonged use of mouth-drying medicines, as well as by the excessive use of tobacco products and alcohol, which contribute to poor oral health. The aim of this study is to evaluate evaluate the oral health of mentally ill patients who had medical assistance at the Dentistry Clinic of St. Spiridon Hospital in Iasi. Matherial and methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between October 2016 and May 2017 on a number of 30 psychiatric patients under treatment at the Faculty of General Medicine and Dentistry.A well-structured questionnaire was applied to collect information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents,clinical evaluation of oral health status was performend using EGOHID assesement correlated with the general health status and specific psychiatric medication. Results: Regarding the psychiatric disorders that the 30 patients presented, their distribution was: 33.3% with schizophrenia, 26.7% depression, 30% bipolar disorder, 16.7% paranoid disorder and 16.7% with mixed dissorder. For the associated general pathology, diabetes was associated in a proportion of 27%, liver diseases 20%, thyroid diseases 16.7%, kidney diseases 10% and cardiovascular diseases 24%. As for medication, the highest frequency was recorded for the drugs Haldol (73.3%), Carbamazepine (46%), Clonazepam (43.3%), Diazepam (30%) and Amitril (16%), producing different modiffications in terms of saliva flow, buffer capacity and pH, resulting modifications in the oral health status. Conclusions: Patients with mental illness had significantly altered values ​​for salivary pH, salivary flow and buffer capacity of saliva in the sense of a marked decrease of values in patients with depression and bipolar disorder, compared to patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. There were no significant differences between salivary pH, salivary flow, or buffer capacity in monotherapy and multitherapy patients.

This paper provides an overview of current approaches to rehabilitation post mandibular reconstruction. The mandible can be considered the strongest and largest facial bone but it is more susceptible to fractures due to its prominent position, mobility and anatomic configuration. The maxillofacial fractures in the elderly have increased and show characteristics depending on its etiology, patterns and treatment modalities. Edentulous patients may have a higher rate of fracture of the mandibular body which probably is due to the reduction in height and bone vascularization. Osseointegrated dental implants have represented a breakthrough in clinical practice for replacing missing teeth and supporting prosthetic reconstructions in edentulous areas. Functional prosthetic rehabilitation with dental implants and implant-supported prostheses after 5 years from an open reduction and fixation of mandibular fractures proved to be a good treatment option in this case, restoring function and aesthetics of the stomatognathic system.

Regardless the etiology, location, extent or topography, edentation is a pathological entity that, through evolution and complications, causes serious imbalances in the stomatognathic system. The restoration of specific homeostasis involves the satisfaction of the laws of geometric and biomechanical balance by restoring the initial mechanical parameters and the basic constants of the stomatognathic system represented by the posture relation, the centric relation, the occlusion relation and the small mandibular dyna. The design and implementation of the rehabilitation of fixed prosthetics must take into account the real needensuring a long-lasting congruence between the prosthetic part and the tissues of the stomatognathic system, but also ensuring an optimal resistance to environmental stresses. Although the concepts underlying the principles listed are different, each of them incorporates elements of significance for the biomechanical balancing of the dento-prosthetic assembly. One of the main prophylactic problems is the discerning use of dento-periodontal or, as the case may be, muco-osseous support, in order to disperse as much as possible the pressure and traction forces on the different elements of the prosthetic field.The observance of the curative principle presupposes the obtaining of a morpho-functional restoration capable of ensuring the resumption of the altered functions, in optimal conditions. The individualized occlusal modeling and in correct relation with the antagonistic teeth will contribute to the most physiological transmission of the masticatory forces to the maxillary bone bases.

Hydrogen peroxide (PH) is the main active substance used in current bleaching treatments. the mechanism of the bleaching reaction is based on the ability of PH to penetrate the enamel surface followed by its degradation into free radicals that will oxidize dentin-fixed chromogens releasing several types of intermediates: free radicals and hydroperoxyl anions. The dissociation of the peroxide and the type of intermediate product varies depending on the temperature, the concentration of the peroxide, the pH of the bleaching solution and the presence of co-catalysts. The study was performed in vitro on a number of 22 patients. Patients were given PH-40% with 1.1% fluorine and 3% potassium nitrate in two successive applications in a single session. Statistical data processing was performed with the SPSS 14 program for Windows, with the t-students paired test establishing a statistical significance threshold of p≤0.05. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the effect of in vitro use of 40% hydrogen peroxide was immediate and statistically significant on average with a difference of five shades on the analog visual scale.

(1) Background: Currently, more and more studies reveal the fact that the use of ozonated oil in dentistry brings visible benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated olive oil by evaluating daily index changes (2) Methods: The available products were used in this study: ozonized olive oil (Ozon Relive) and organic cold-pressed extra virgin olive oil. At the start of the study, all mouthwashes are placed in the same type of containers and labeled with numbers from 1 to 20. The recommended dose is one teaspoon of oil, about 6 mL per day. (3) Results: Ozonated oil (Group 1) and olive oil (Group 2) groups showed statistically significant differences to oral indices (p < 0.001 in both). (4) Conclusions: The results suggested that ozonized olive oil can be fully included among the products able to assist in controlling the causative factors of gingivitis while reducing its clinical manifestations.

Lung cancer remains a major public health problem both in terms of incidence and specific mortality despite recent developments in terms of prevention, such as smoking reduction policies and clinical management advances. Better lung cancer prognosis could be achieved by early and accurate diagnosis and improved therapeutic interventions. Nanotechnology is a dynamic and fast-developing field; various medical applications have been developed and deployed, and more exist as proofs of concepts or experimental models. We aim to summarize current knowledge relevant to the use of nanotechnology in lung cancer management. Starting from the chemical structure-based classification of nanoparticles, we identify and review various practical implementations roughly organized as diagnostic or therapeutic in scope, ranging from innovative contrast agents to targeted drug carriers. Available data are presented starting with standards of practice and moving to highly experimental methods and proofs of concept; particularities, advantages, limits and future directions are explored, focusing on the potential impact on lung cancer clinical prognosis.

The specialized literature emphasizes the fact that vitamin D has a potentially beneficial effect in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of vitamin D, both prophylactic and curative, in the treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Even though its relevance is still unknown and causes various controversies, there is currently no specific treatment for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. There are various prevention strategies with new vaccination schedules, but additional randomized and clinical trials are still needed to combat this pandemic. In addition to the systemic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral manifestations of this disease have also been described in the literature. The etiology of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency remains controversial. In the present studies, oral manifestations such as salivary gland infections, aphthae, erythema, gingivitis, ulcers, etc. have been reported. This is a new topic, and the prevalence of manifestations is described in only a few studies, which is inconsistent with the number of COVID-19 cases reported since the beginning of the pandemic. The clinical symptomatology in patients with current COVID-19 infection is polymorphic. Whether the oral manifestation is directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a secondary manifestation remains an important topic to analyze and discuss.

(1) Background: Perianal fistula represents a chronic local suppuration, and recurrent or incorrectly treated, this pathology has a negative effect on the life of patients. (2) Methods: A 12-month prospective study was conducted with a study group (patients at the second presentation) and a control group (patients at the first presentation). The BTL-6000 brand laser has 50 times the maximum power of conventional laser devices with an unmatched wavelength of 1064 nm and a tissue penetration power of up to 10 cm. It is highly effective in speeding up healing and pain management (3) Results: Transcutaneous high-intensity laser therapy of perianal fistulas proved effective with a promising positive impact on both symptomatology and local signs in the study group. As for the patients in the control group, 37 of them required a second hospitalization due to the recurrence of symptoms and to whom the same laser therapy was applied. (4) Conclusions: A beneficial and positive effect was observed in our study, mainly on the symptoms determined by the appearance of the perianal fistula, both in the short- and long-term. High-frequency laser therapy is of major importance, considering the lower costs compared to surgery as well as the discomfort created during local treatments.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases worldwide, with increased prevalence and incidence. In addition to its macrovascular damage, through its microvascular complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), DM further compounds the quality of life of these patients. Considering DKD is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries, extensive research is currently investigating the matrix of DKD pathophysiology. Hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the main mechanisms behind this disease. By generating pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-1,6,18, TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and the activation of diverse pathways (e.g., PKC, ROCK, AGE/RAGE, JAK-STAT), they promote a pro-oxidant state with impairment of the antioxidant system (NRF2/KEAP1/ARE pathway) and, finally, alterations in the renal filtration unit. Hitherto, a wide spectrum of pre-clinical and clinical studies shows the beneficial use of NRF2-inducing strategies, such as NRF2 activators (e.g., Bardoxolone methyl, Curcumin, Sulforaphane and their analogues), and other natural compounds with antioxidant properties in DKD treatment. However, limitations regarding the lack of larger clinical trials, solubility or delivery hamper their implementation for clinical use. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss DKD mechanisms, especially oxidative stress (OS) and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE involvement, while highlighting the potential of therapeutic approaches that target DKD via OS.

Topical hyaluronic acid (HA) has recently been recognized as an adjuvant treatment for chronic inflammatory disease in addition to its use to improve healing after dental procedures. To date, topical therapies guarantee a better delivery of high concentrations of pharmacologic agents to the soft periodontal tissue, gingiva, and periodontal ligament as well as to the hard tissue such as alveolar bone and cementum. The aim of our work was to systematically review the published literature about potential effects of HA as an adjuvant treatment for chronic inflammatory disease, in addition to its use to improve healing after common dental procedures.

The quality of life is in to the close relationship with maintenance of oral health, part of general health which is affected or which influence, having in the end, a great impact on mental condition and integration. The aim of our study was to establish the main criteria for the choice of partially movable prostheses in geriatric patients in a systemic context. Material and method.The study was conducted on a group of 60 geriatric patients diagnosed with various forms of general pathology corroborated with various edentational forms presented on the basis of the Clinic of , Iasi. Education of the Faculty of Dental MedicineAll patients underwent a complex clinical examination , supported by paraclinical assessments. which allowed the establishment of a biological balance sheet.Results and discussions Following the subjective clinical examination (anamnesis and questionnaire), we identified 34% of cases with diabetes, 36% with cardiovascular pathology, 9% with respiratory pathology (COPD and Asthma), 10 % of cases with diabetes associated with HTA, 1 1% cases of digestive pathology (chronic gastritis, hepato-biliary pathology). Conclusions:The flexible dentures observe these criteria better than those of conventional acrylate. The implied patients prefer flexible acrylate at a rate of 100%