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Circadian rhythm is essential for cellular regulation of physiological, metabolic, and immune functions. Perturbations of circadian rhythms have been correlated with increased susceptibility to cancer and poor prognosis in the cancer treatment. Our aim is to investigate the role of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment on clock genes expression and inflammation in intraperitoneal macrophages and the antitumoral response. Methods: Macrophages were extracted from intraperitoneal cavity of mice without or with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and treated with DOX totaling four groups (CTL, LLC, LLC+DOX and DOX) and analyzes of clock genes in six time points (ZT02, ZT06, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18 AND ZT22). Intraperitoneal macrophages cell culture was stimulated with LPS and DOX and clock genes and inflammatory profile were analyzed. In tumor were analyzed macrophages markers. Results: The expression of F4/80 (ZT22) and CD11c (ZT06) tumor tissue was significantly differed between LLC and LCC+DOX groups. In the intraperitoneal macrophages, DOX increased Clock (ZT10), Rev-Erbα (ZT18 and ZT22) and Per2 expressions (ZT18); in the LLC+DOX group was increased Bmal1 (ZT10), Per2 (ZT18) and NF-kB (ZT22) expressions; IL-6 expression increased in the LCC group (ZT02). In intraperitoneal macrophages cell culture stimulated with DOX and LPS after 24 h decreased Clock and Per1. DOX causes depression after 6 and 24 h in TNF-α content and Per2 gene expression after 24 h IL-1β expression was reduced also. Conclusion: DOX treatment in vivo disrupted cytokine and clock genes expression in intraperitoneal macrophages suppressing immune response. Moreover, macrophages cultured with DOX had decreased expression of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines.

Macrophages and lymphocytes demonstrate metabolic plasticity, which is dependent partly on their state of activation and partly on the availability of various energy yielding and biosynthetic substrates (fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids). These substrates are essential to fuel-based metabolic reprogramming that supports optimal immune function, including the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on metabolism in macrophages and lymphocytes and discuss the role of fatty acids in governing the phenotype, activation, and functional status of these important cells. We summarize the current understanding of the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and related mechanisms of action and also explore possible new perspectives in this exciting area of research.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Liver steatosis is one of the main drivers for the development of whole-body insulin resistance. Conversely, aerobic training (AT) has been suggested as non-pharmacological tool to improve liver steatosis, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 8-weeks AT in non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) outcomes in obese mice. Male C57BL/6 J wild type (WT) were fed with standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12-weeks. Another group fed with HFD underwent 8-weeks of AT (60% of maximum velocity), initiated at the 5th week of experimental protocol. We measured metabolic, body composition parameters, protein and gene expression inflammatory and metabolic mediators. We found that AT attenuates the weight gain, but not body fat accumulation. AT improved triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid plasma concentrations, and also whole-body insulin resistance. Regarding NAFLD, AT decreased the progression of macrovesicular steatosis and inflammation through the upregulation of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation and PPAR-α protein expression. Moreover, although no effects of intervention in PPAR-γ protein concentration were observed, we found increased levels of its target genes Cd36 and Scd1 in exercised group, demonstrating augmented transcriptional activity. AT reduced liver cytokines concentrations, such as TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1 and IL-6, regardless of increased Ser536 NF-κB phosphorylation. In fact, none of the interventions regulated NF-κB target genes Il1b and Cccl2, demonstrating its low transcriptional activity. Therefore, we conclude that AT attenuates the progression of liver macrovesicular steatosis and inflammation through AMPK-PPAR-α signaling and PPAR-γ activation, respectively, improving insulin resistance in obese mice. Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524 Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education University of the State of Sao Paulo, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305 FAPESP: 2016/02696-0 FAPESP: 2019/09854-9

The pathogenesis of muscle atrophy plays a central role in cancer cachexia, and chemotherapy contributes to this condition. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on time-dependent muscle atrophy caused by doxorubicin. For this, C57 BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC group). One week after the tumor establishment, a group of these animals initiated the doxorubicin chemotherapy alone (LLC + DOX group) or combined with endurance exercise (LLC + DOX + EXER group). One group of animals was euthanized after the chemotherapy cycle, whereas the remaining animals were euthanized one week after the last administration of doxorubicin. The practice of exercise combined with chemotherapy showed beneficial effects such as a decrease in tumor growth rate after chemotherapy interruption and amelioration of premature death due to doxorubicin toxicity. Moreover, the protein degradation levels in mice undergoing exercise returned to basal levels after chemotherapy, in contrast, the mice treated with doxorubicin alone experienced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the proteolytic pathways in gastrocnemius muscle (Trim63, Fbxo32, Myostatin, FoxO). Collectively, our results suggest that endurance exercise could be utilized during and after chemotherapy for mitigating muscle atrophy promoted by doxorubicin and avoid the resumption of tumor growth.

Palmitoleic acid (POA, 16:1n-7) is a lipokine that has potential nutraceutical use to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We tested the effects of POA supplementation (daily oral gavage, 300 mg/Kg, 15 days) on murine liver inflammation induced by a high fat diet (HFD, 59% fat, 12 weeks). In HFD-fed mice, POA supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance compared with oleic acid (OA, 300 mg/Kg). The livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation than those of OA-treated mice with lower inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced toll-like receptor 4 protein content. The anti-inflammatory effects of POA in the liver were accompanied by a reduction in liver macrophages (LM, CD11c+; F4/80+; CD86+), an effect that could be triggered by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a lipogenic transcription factor upregulated in livers of POA-treated mice. We also used HFD-fed mice with selective deletion of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells (PPAR-γ KOLyzCre+) to test whether the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of POA are dependent on macrophages PPAR-γ. POA-mediated improvement of insulin tolerance was tightly dependent on myeloid PPAR-γ, while POA anti-inflammatory actions including the reduction in liver inflammatory cytokines were preserved in mice bearing myeloid cells deficient in PPAR-γ. This overlapped with increased CD206+ (M2a) cells and downregulation of CD86+ and CD11c+ liver macrophages. Moreover, POA supplementation increased hepatic AMPK activity and decreased expression of the fatty acid binding scavenger receptor, CD36. We conclude that POA controls liver inflammation triggered by fat accumulation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of myeloid cell PPAR-γ., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • Palmitoleic acid (POA) supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance; • Livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation; • POA lowered the liver M1 macrophages population and the expression of inflammation-related immune-cell markers; • POA increased PPAR-γ, a transcription factor that regulates anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages; • However, POA reduced liver inflammation even in mice that lack PPAR-γ expression in myeloid cells; • POA controls liver inflammation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells.

Moderate aerobic training may be therapeutic for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases due to the associated anti-inflammatory response that is mediated by immune cells. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates the M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) polarization, as well as the immunometabolic response of macrophages. Against this background, the present study seeks to clarify whether the conditional deletion of PPARγ in macrophages would have any effect on the anti-inflammatory role of moderate aerobic training. To test this hypothesis, two mice strains were used: PPARγ LyzCre+/+ (KO) and littermates control animals (WT). Each genotype was divided into 1) sedentary high-fat diet (HF) and 2) high-fat diet and moderate aerobic training (HFT) (n = 5-8 per group). The experimental protocol lasted for 12 weeks, comprising 4 weeks of HF diet only and 8 weeks of HF diet and aerobic training (5 times/week, 50-60 minutes/day at 60% of maximum speed). Metabolic analyses were carried out on the serum glucose homeostase, adipose tissue morphology and cytokine content, and macrophage cytokine production.Immunophenotyping and gene expression were also performed. KO male mice were more prone to hypertrophy in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, though only the IL-1β (p = 0.0049) was higher compared to the values observed in WT animals. Peritoneal macrophages from KO animals exhibited a marked inflammatory environment with an increase in TNF-α (p = 0.0008), IL- 1β (p = 0.0017), and IL-6 (p0.0001) after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The moderate aerobic training protected both genotypes from weight gain and reduced the caloric intake in the KO animals. Despite the attenuation of the M2 marker CD206 (p0.001) in the absence of PPAR-γ, the aerobic training modulated cytokine production in LPS stimulated peritoneal macrophages from both genotypes, reducing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (p = 0.0002) and IL-6 (p0.0001). Overall, our findings demonstrate the essential role of PPARγ in macrophage immunophenotypes. However, the deletion of PPARγ did not inhibit the exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effect, underscoring the important role of exercise in modulating inflammation.

Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ whose complex biology can be explained by the diversity of cell types that compose this tissue. The immune cells found in the stromal portion of adipose tissue play an important role on the modulation of inflammation by adipocytokines secretion. The interactions between metabolic active tissues and immune cells, called immunometabolism, is an important field for discovering new pathways and approaches to treat immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and cancer. Moreover, physical exercise is widely known as a tool for prevention and adjuvant treatment on metabolic diseases. More specifically, aerobic exercise training is able to increase the energy expenditure, reduce the nutrition overload and modify the profile of adipocytokines and myokines with paracrine and endocrine effects. Therefore, our aim in this review was to cover the effects of aerobic exercise training on the immunometabolism of adipose tissue in obesity and cancer, focusing on the exercise-related modification on adipose tissue or immune cells isolated as well as their interaction.

Background Exercise is a powerful tool for prevention and treatment of many conditions related to the cardiovascular system and also chronic low-grade inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) exerts an import role on the regulation of metabolic profile and subsequent inflammatory response, especially in macrophages. Purpose To investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-exercise training on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice with PPARγ deficiency in myeloid cells. Methods Twelve-week old mice bearing PPARγ deletion exclusively in myeloid cells (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre -/+ , knockout [KO]) and littermate controls (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre -/- , wild type [WT]) were submitted to 8-week exercise training (treadmill running at moderate intensity, 5 days/week). Animals were evaluated for food intake, glucose homeostasis, serum metabolites, adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, and basal and stimulated cytokine secretion. Results Exercise protocol did not improve glucose metabolism or adiponectin concentrations in serum of KO mice. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages exacerbated the proinflammatory profile in sedentary mice. Peritoneal cultured cells had higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in nonstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated conditions and higher Toll-4 receptor (TLR4) gene expression under LPS stimulus. Trained mice showed reduced TNF-α content in adipose tissue independently of the genotype. M2 polarization ability was impaired in KO peritoneal macrophages after exercise training, while adipose tissue-associated macrophages did not present any effect by PPARγ ablation. Conclusion Overall, PPARγ seems necessary to maintain macrophages appropriate response to inflammatory stimulus and macrophage polarization, affecting also whole body lipid metabolism and adiponectin profile. Exercise training showed as an efficient mechanism to restore the immune response impaired by PPARγ deletion in macrophages.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main liver diseases today, and may progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some studies have shown the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on reversing NAFLD. To verify whether chronic aerobic exercise improves the insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and steatohepatitis caused by a high fat diet (HF) and whether PPARα is involved in these actions. C57BL6 wild type (WT) and PPAR-α knockout (KO) mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or HF during 12 weeks; the HF mice were trained on a treadmill during the last 8 weeks. Serum glucose and insulin tolerances, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic content of triacylglycerol, cytokines, gene expression, and protein expression were evaluated in all animals. Chronic exposure to HF diet increased triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver, leading to NAFLD, increased aminotransferase in the serum, increased peripheral insulin resistance, and higher adiposity index. Exercise reduced all these parameters in both animal genotypes. The liver lipid accumulation was not associated with inflammation; trained KO mice, however, presented a huge inflammatory response that was probably caused by a decrease in PPAR-γ expression. We conclude that exercise improved the damage caused by a HF independently of PPARα, apparently by a peripheral fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. We also found that the absence of PPARα together with exercise leads to a decrease in PPAR-γ and a huge inflammatory response. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1008-1019, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The nuclear transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a role in regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. We aimed to assess the role of PPARα on exercise-mediated locally produced cytokines in adipose fat deposits and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα−/−) mice were examined. Each genotype was randomly subdivided into three groups: non-exercised, and euthanized 2 or 24 h after a moderate aerobic exercise session (run on a treadmill at 60% of maximum speed for 1 h). Fat content in gastrocnemius muscle and lipolytic activity in isolated adipose tissue from mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue were evaluated. In addition, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) content were evaluated by ELISA. WT mice showed a maximum lipolysis rate, as well as higher IL-6, IL-10, and IL10/TNF-α ratio values 2 h post-exercise (RPAT only) compared with PPARα−/− mice. Taken together, our data suggests that PPARα knockout mice exhibited reduced lipolysis and anti-inflammatory response in adipose tissue following exercise, PPARα appears to play an important role in immunomodulatory and lipolysis signaling after acute moderate exercise. Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of São Paulo Universidade Estadual de Londrina Centro de Educação Física e Desportos Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação Física Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Presidente Prudente FAPESP: 2014/01246-6 FAPESP: 2015/26148-0 FAPESP: 2018/17648-7

Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, leading to loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alterations in adipokine secretion. Lower incidence of colorectal cancer is associated with increased fibre intake. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fibres that increase production of butyrate by the intestinal microbiota. Tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on colorectal cancer. Our aim was to characterise the effects of diets rich in FOS and tributyrin within the context of a colon carcinogenesis model, and characterise possible support of tumorigenesis by WAT. C57/BL6 male mice were divided into four groups: a control group (CT) fed with chow diet and three colon carcinogenesis-induced groups fed either with chow diet (CA), tributyrin-supplemented diet (BUT), or with FOS-supplemented diet. Colon carcinogenesis decreased adipose mass in subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal tissues, while also reducing serum glucose and leptin concentrations. However, it did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-&alpha, in WAT. Additionally, the supplements did not revert the colon cancer affected parameters. The BUT group exhibited even higher glucose tolerance and levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-&alpha, in WAT. To conclude our study, FOS and butyrate supplements were not beneficial. In addition, butyrate worsened adipose tissue inflammation.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and inflammatory effects of short-term treatments (10 days) with metformin (MET) on the NAFLD caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice. After the treatment, histological liver slices were obtained, hepatocytes and macrophages were extracted and cultured with phosphate buffered saline, LPS (2.5 µg/mL) and MET (1 µM) for 24 h. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. NAFLD caused by the HFD was partially reduced by MET. The lipid accumulation induced by the HFD was not associated with liver inflammation; however, MET seemed to promote pro-inflammatory effects in liver, since it increased hepatic concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Similarly, MET increased the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 in hepatocyte cultures. However, in macrophages culture, MET lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α stimulated by LPS. Overall, MET reduced liver NAFLD but promoted hepatocyte increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus, leading to liver inflammation. Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Cell Biology and Development Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education UNESP Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo Cruzeiro do Sul University Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education UNESP FAPESP: 2015/16777-0 FAPESP: 2016/01409-8

Summary Palmitoleic acid (PM, 16:1n-7) has anti-inflammatory properties that could be linked to higher expression of PPARα, an inhibitor of NFκB. Macrophages play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, however, the effects of PM on macrophages are underexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of PM in activated macrophages as well the role of PPARα. Primary macrophages were isolated from C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and PPARα knockout (KO) mice, cultured under standard conditions and exposed to lipopolysaccharides LPS (2.5 μg/ml) and PM 600 μmol/L conjugated with albumin for 24 hours. The stimulation with LPS increased the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β while PM decreased the production of IL-6 in WT macrophages. In KO macrophages, LPS increased the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 and PM decreased the production of TNFα. The expression of inflammatory markers such NFκB and IL1β were increased by LPS and decreased by PM in both WT and KO macrophages. PM reduced the expression of MyD88 and caspase-1 in KO macrophages, and the expression of TLR4 and HIF-1α in both WT and KO macrophages, although LPS had no effect. CD86, an inflammatory macrophage marker, was reduced by PM independently of genotype. PM increased PPARγ and reduced PPARβ gene expression in macrophages of both genotypes, and increased ACOX-1 expression in KO macrophages. In conclusion, PM promotes anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages exposed to LPS through inhibition of inflammasome pathway, which was independent of PPARα, PPARϒ and AMPK, thus the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory response caused by PM is still unclear.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in metabolism and inflammatory control. Exercise can modulate PPAR expression in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and macrophages. Little is known about the effects of PPAR-α in metabolic profile and cytokine secretion after acute exercise in macrophages. In this context, the aim of this study was to understand the influence of PPAR-α on exercise-mediated immune metabolic parameters in peritoneal macrophages. Mice C57BL/6 (WT) and PPAR-α knockout (KO) were examined in non-exercising control (n = 4) or 24 hours after acute moderate exercise (n = 8). Metabolic parameters (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol [TC], and triacylglycerol [TG]) were assessed in serum. Cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MCP-1) were measured from peritoneal macrophages cultured or not with LPS (2.5 μg/mL) and Rosiglitazone (1 μM). Exercised KO mice exhibited low glucose concentration and higher TC and TG in serum. At baseline, no difference in cytokine production between the genotypes was observed. However, IL-1β was significantly higher in KO mice after LPS stimulus. IL-6 and IL-1β had increased concentrations in KO compared with WT, even after exercise. MCP-1 was not restored in exercised KO LPS group. Rosiglitazone was not able to reduce proinflammatory cytokine production in KO mice at baseline level or associated with exercise. Acute exercise did not alter mRNA expression in WT mice. Conclusion: PPAR-α seems to be needed for metabolic glucose homeostasis and anti-inflammatory effect of acute exercise. Its absence may induce over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS stimulus. Moreover, moderate exercise or PPAR-γ agonist did not reverse this response.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intensity and interval of recovery on performance in the bench press exercise, and the response of salivary lactate and alpha amylase levels. Ten sportsman (aged 29 ± 4 years; body mass index 26 ± 2 kg/cm2) were divided in two groups: G70 (performing a bench press exercise at 70 % one repetition maximum—1RM), and G90 (performing a bench press exercise at 90 %—1RM). All groups were engaged in three intervals of recovery (30, 60 and 90 s). The maximum number of repetitions (MNR) and total weight lifted were computed, and saliva samples were collected 15 min before and after different intervals of recovery. For the comparison of the performance and biochemistry parameters, ANOVA tests for repeated measurements were conducted, with a significance level set at 5 %. In G70, the 30 s MNR was lower than the 60 and 90 s intervals of recovery (p

Modelo de estudo: Estudo prospectivo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um protocolo de treinamento concorrente com duração de 16 semanas sobre fatores de risco para o acúmulo de gordura hepática de jovens obesos. Metodologia: A amostra foi formada por 38 indivíduos obesos de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 12 e 15 anos. A obesidade foi atestada pelo percentual de gordura corporal, o qual foi estimado pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA). Adicionalmente, a quantidade de gordura localizada no tronco (kg) foi estimada também. Antes e após a intervenção, os jovens foram submetidos a exames bioquímicos de sangue(perfil lipídico completo em jejum [mg/dL]) e a ultrassonografia do fígado (tamanho dos lobos direito [LD em cm] e esquerdo [LE em cm]). A Intervenção consistiu de treinamento concorrente (treino resistido [30 minutos] e aeróbio [30 minutos]) com três sessões semanais, totalizando 180 minutos por semana. A análise estatística foi composta pelo teste t de Student para dados pareados, utilizando o software SPSS (17.0), e significância estatística fixada em p

Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is a cardiovascular risk factor that can initiate in childhood and adolescence and may be associated with other risk factors such as sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, verifying if these associations occur from the earliest ages is of fundamental importance. Objectives: to report the prevalence of HBP combined with sedentary behavior through a systematic review. Design and Methods: The research was performed based on studies published between 2010 and 2016 in Medline, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), and Scielo, using terms related to: ‘sedentary behavior’ OR ‘screen time’ AND ‘high blood pressure’. In the initial search, 821 studies were found and after exclusions twelve studies were included in the review. Results: Twelve studies addressing the relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP were found. Eighty-three percent of the studies evaluated sedentary behavior using a questionnaire (n = 10). The majority of studies analyzed in the review were conducted in North America (41.6%). Only four studies presented the prevalence of HBP related to sedentary behavior (variation 1-22.9%). In seven studies a close relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP was observed. Conclusions: Although most studies observed a relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP, the results still need to be further explained. Based on the findings of this review, follow-up studies and objective measurements of time spent in sedentary behavior in young people could help to determine the cause-effect relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP in pediatric populations.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:49:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2359-39972017000400354.pdf: 214191 bytes, checksum: be3681b23531de9d4cf92b12a3a8fd99 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objectives: To analyze the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mediating the relationship between central adiposity and immune and metabolic profile in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 49 postmenopausal women (aged 59.26 ± 8.32 years) without regular physical exercise practice. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for assessment of nonesterified fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, insulin and estimation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Physical activity level was assessed with an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3x) and reported as a percentage of time spent in sedentary behavior and MVPA. All analyses were performed using the software SPSS 17.0, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Sedentary women had a positive relationship between trunk fat and IL-6 (rho = 0.471; p = 0.020), and trunk fat and HOMA-IR (rho = 0.418; p = 0.042). Adiponectin and fat mass (%) were only positively correlated in physically active women (rho = 0.441; p = 0.027). Physically active women with normal trunk fat values presented a 14.7% lower chance of having increased HOMA-IR levels (β [95%CI] = 0.147 [0.027; 0.811]). Conclusions: The practice of sufficient levels of MVPA was a protective factor against immunometabolic disorders in postmenopausal women. Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Grupo de Imunometabolismo e Exercício Departamento de Educação Física Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Centro de Estudos e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividades Motoras (Celapam) Departamento de Educação Física Unesp Grupo de Estudos em Atividade Física e Saúde Departamento de Educação Física Unesp Grupo de Imunometabolismo e Exercício Departamento de Educação Física Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Centro de Estudos e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividades Motoras (Celapam) Departamento de Educação Física Unesp Grupo de Estudos em Atividade Física e Saúde Departamento de Educação Física Unesp

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune response that trigger inflammation resolution. The phenotype of "classically activated macrophages" (M1) has anti-tumoricidal and anti-bactericidal activities. On the other hand, "alternatively activated macrophages" (M2) are involved in tissue remodeling and immunomodulatory functions. The change in the polarization of macrophages varies according to the diversity of cytokines present in the microenvironment or by the stimuli of an antigen. It involves such factors as interferon-regulatory factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Switching the phenotype of macrophages can help attenuate the development of an inflammatory disease. Exercise can promote alterations in the number of innate immune cells and stimulates phagocytic function. Chronic exercise seems to inhibit macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue by attenuating the expression of F4/80 mRNA. Furthermore, exercise may also increase the expression of M2 markers and reduce TNF-α and TLR4 mRNA expression, which activates the inflammatory pathway of NF-κB. Chronic exercise reduces β2-adrenergic receptors in monocytes and macrophages by modulating TLR4 signaling as well as suppressing IL-12 production, a stimulator of interferon Y. In this review, we discuss macrophage polarization in metabolic diseases and how exercise can modulate macrophage plasticity.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito de 12 semanas de intervenção envolvendo prática de atividade física, orientações alimentar e psicológica sobre fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal com 23 crianças e adolescentes obesos, com idade entre seis e 16 anos (12,0±3,2 anos). Foram mensurados: gordura corporal total e de tronco, glicemia, colesterol total e triglicérides, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Os jovens foram submetidos a três sessões semanais de 60 minutos de exercício físico (atividades esportivas recreativas, ginástica, circuitos e caminhadas), durante 12 semanas. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar dados categóricos daqueles que apresentaram valores acima das recomendações para cada fator de risco. O teste t para dados pareados foi aplicado para comparar os dois momentos do estudo. RESULTADOS: Em indivíduos com alterações metabólicas no início do estudo, observou-se, após a intervenção, a diminuição de 11,6% na glicemia (105 para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) e de 24,9% no triglicérides (217 para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); porém, não houve diferenças na pressão arterial e no colesterol total. CONCLUSÕES: O programa de exercício físico aplicado nas crianças e adolescentes foi eficiente para melhorar os valores de glicemia e triglicérides.OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de intervención implicando práctica de actividad física, orientación alimentar y psicológica sobre factores de riesgo respecto al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal con 23 niños y adolescentes obsesos, con edad entre seis y 16 años (12,0±3,2 años). Se midió: grasa corporal total y de tronco, glucemia, colesterol total y triglicéridos, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica Los jóvenes fueron sometidos a tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos de ejercicio físico (actividades deportivas recreativas, gimnástica, circuitos y caminatas) durante 12 semanas. En el tratamiento estadístico, se realizó el análisis descriptivo, con promedio, desviación estándar y error estándar. La prueba de chi cuadrado fue usada para comparar datos categóricos con aquellos que presentaron valores por encima de las recomendaciones para cada Factor de Riesgo y la prueba t para datos pareados fue usada para comparar los dos momentos del estudio. RESULTADOS: En individuos con alteraciones metabólicas en el inicio del estudio, se observó, después de la intervención, reducción del 11,6% en la glucemia (1053mg/dL para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) y del 24,9% en los triglicéridos (217mg/dL para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la presión arterial y en el colesterol total. CONCLUSIÓN: El programa de ejercicio físico aplicado en los niños y adolescentes fue eficiente para mejorar los valores de glucemia y triglicéridos.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a 12-week intervention program based on physical activity practice, alimentary and psychological orientation on the risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted with 23 obese children and adolescents, aged six to 16 years (12.0±3.2 years). Total body and trunk fat mass, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. The children were submitted to physical activity three times a week during 12 weeks. Each session of 60 minutes consisted of recreational sports activities, gymnastics, circuits and track-walking. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data for those patients who had values above the recommendations for each risk factor and Student's t-test for paired data was used to compare the two moments of the study. RESULTS: In subjects who had altered baseline values in the beginning of the study, the glycemia levels decreased 11.6% (from 105 to 93mg/dL; p=0.046) and the triglycerides decreased 24.9% (from 217 to 163mg/dL; p=0.013) after the intervention. On the other hand, no differences were noted for blood pressure and total cholesterol after the intervention. CCONCLUSIONS: The intervention was effective in improving blood glucose and triglycerides levels in children and adolescents enrolled in the study.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a eficiência de diferentes equações antropométricas para a identificação de excesso de gordura corporal entre crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 1.498 indivíduos (678 meninos e 820 meninas), com idade entre 7 e 17 anos (M=13,7, DP=2,0), da cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP). A massa corporal e a estatura foram mensuradas para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. Também foi realizada a mensuração da circunferência de cintura e das dobras cutâneas subescapular, tricipital, abdominal e da panturrilha. O percentual de gordura corporal foi calculado por meio de quatro equações: Slaughter et al., Slaughter II et al., Dezenberg et al., e Deurenberg et al.. Para indicar a eficiência das diferentes equações antropométricas na indicação da obesidade, foi utilizada a análise da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. RESULTADOS: No grupo masculino, foram observados valores de sensibilidade elevados (82,4% a 100,0%) e valores oscilando de baixo a alto, para a especificidade (20,9% a 94,9%). Para o sexo feminino, os valores de sensibilidade variaram entre moderado e alto (72,2% a 99,4%); e os de especificidade apresentaram, também, grande oscilação entre baixo e alto (21,6% a 98,2%). CONCLSÃO: A equação proposta por Deurenberg et al., apresentou o melhor desempenho no diagnóstico tanto da presença como da ausência de obesidade na amostra investigada.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of different anthropometric equations that identify excess body fat in children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,498 subjects (678 males and 820 females), aged 7 to 17 years (13.7 SD=2.0), from Presidente Prudente (SP). Body weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index. Waist circumference and triceps, abdominal, and thigh skinfold thicknesses were also measured. The percentage of body fat was estimated by four anthropometric equations: Slaughter et al., Slaughter II et al., Dezenberg et al., and Deurenberg et al.. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve was used to indicate the efficiency of these equations. RESULTS: High sensitivity values (82.4% to 100,0%) and high and low specificity scores (20.9% to 94.9%) were observed in males. In females, the sensitivity values ranged from moderate to high (72.2% to 99.4%) and the specificity scores were high (21.6% to 98.2%). CONCLUSION: The Deurenberg et al., equation was the most accurate for identifying presence or absence of obesity in this sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T15:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-07T15:52:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2359-39972015000400303.pdf: 134955 bytes, checksum: 6922b921a85b06191d7c9eabdcb17c1e (MD5) Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training (20 WCT) intervention program on gender-specific body composition and metabolic variables in obese adolescents.Subjects and methods Sample was composed of twenty-five obese adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 (13.4 ± 0.96) years. Fat-free mass (FFM), percentage trunk fat mass (TFM%) and percentage fat mass (%FM) were evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurement of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) was performed using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured and blood samples analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and plasma glucose. All participants performed the concurrent training (combination of weight training and aerobic training) three times per week, one hour per day, for 20 weeks. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were used to compare baseline, 10 week and 20 week moments using the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant decrease in TC, LDL-c and TFM% were verified in both genders after the 10 initial weeks of concurrent training.Results A significant increase in height was found in both the male and female groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively), after 20 weeks of concurrent training. In addition, several modifications were observed in body composition and metabolic variables, with a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017), BMI z-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004), FM% (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002), TFM% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018), TC (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001) and LDL-c (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) in the male and female groups, respectively, after 20 weeks of intervention when compared with baseline.Conclusion Our results identified that concurrent training was an effective intervention for treating metabolic variable and body composition disorders, in both genders, by decreasing adiposity with consequent improvement in BMI and BMI z-scores, and enhancement in lipid profile variables. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, BR. Departamento de Educação Física, Unesp, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR. Centro de Pesquisa em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, Porto, PT. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Educação Física, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia de Presidente Prudente

Comparar o efeito do treinamento concorrente e o treinamento funcional na composicao corporal, perfil lipidico e esteatose hepatica nao alcoolica (EHNA) em adolescentes obesos. Delineamento longitudinal. Amostra de 49 adolescentes obesos (treinamento concorrente[n=36]; treinamento funcional[n=13]). Nos dois tipos de treinamento fisico 50% de atividade aerobia, e 50% resistida. Tais treinamentos se diferem na atividade resistida (concorrente: musculacao; funcional: peso do proprio corpo e/ou pesos livres). Dada a normalidade da distribuicao, foi empregado Teste t de Student para dados pareados. O treinamento concorrente apresentou reducao para variaveis LDL-c(-16,45%), CT(-11,55%), GC(-8,52%) e GT(-9,95%) e aumento na MCM(5,05%). Por outro lado, treinamento funcional apresentou alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal tais como, GC(-4,97%), MCM(4,18%), GT(-5,11%) e GI(-19,90%). O treinamento funcional apresentou diminuicao de 76,9% na ocorrencia de EHNA, porem, devido a elevada prevalencia desta doenca, cabe salientar que o treinamento concorrente tambem foi eficaz para o tratamento da mesma em adolescentes obesos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:23:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000335190500001.pdf: 174272 bytes, checksum: 55f67dd85f75c2dac327546d3553c4db (MD5) Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder associated with excessive fat accumulation, mainly in the intra-abdominal region. A simple technique to estimate abdominal fat in this region could be useful to assess the presence of NAFLD, in obese subjects who are more vulnerable to this disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to verify the reliability of waist circumference and body composition variables to identify the occurrence of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents.Methods: Sample was composed of 145 subjects, aged 11 to 17 years. Assessments of waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TFM) and fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound for diagnosis of NAFLD and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) were used. Correlation between variables was made by Spearman's coefficients; ROC curve parameters (sensitivity, specificity, area under curve) were used to assess the reliability of body composition variables to assess the presence of NAFLD. Statistical significance was set at 5%.Results: Significant correlations were observed between NAFLD and WC (p = 0.001), TFM (p = 0.002) and IAAT (p = 0.001). The higher values of area under the ROC curve were for WC (AUC = 0.720), TFM (AUC = 0.661) and IAAT (AUC = 0.741).Conclusions: Our findings indicated that TFM, IAAT and WC present high potential to identify NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-19060900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-19060900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000344673400001.epub: 1369846 bytes, checksum: bc6efb2183924a71e7fb2e30828cb77c (MD5)Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000344673400001.epub: 1369846 bytes, checksum: bc6efb2183924a71e7fb2e30828cb77c (MD5) WOS000344673400001.pdf: 2000918 bytes, checksum: 799fc4c459de9af835594951c96f9c0d (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Excess of saturated fatty acids in the diet has been associated with obesity, leading to systemic disruption of insulin signaling, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. Macadamia oil administration has been shown to improve lipid profile in humans. We evaluated the effect of macadamia oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, lipid profile, and adipocyte size in high-fat diet (HF) induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HF, (c) CD supplemented with macadamia oil by gavage at 2g/Kg of body weight, three times per week, for 12 weeks (CD + MO), and (d) HF diet supplemented with macadamia oil (HF + MO). CD and HF mice were supplemented with water. HF mice showed hypercholesterolemia and decreased insulin sensitivity as also previously shown. HF induced inflammation in adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophages, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Macadamia oil supplementation attenuated hypertrophy of adipocytes and inflammation in the adipose tissue and macrophages. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Celular & Desenvolvimento, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Educ Fis, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Motricidad, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Judas Tadeu, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Movimento Humano, BR-05503001 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol Geral, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Ciencias Atividade Fis & Esporte, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Movimento Humano, BR-01506000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Educ Fis, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Motricidad, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-05822013000300371.pdf: 251793 bytes, checksum: 243545d81a2855285fadcd837b48201e (MD5) OBJETIVOAnalisar os efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento concorrente sobre as variáveis de composição corporal, perfil lipídico e diagnóstico da esteatose hepática em adolescentes obesos.MÉTODOSRealizou-se um ensaio clínico aberto com 34 adolescentes obesos com idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Foram analisados gordura corporal total e de tronco, colesterol total e suas frações (HDL, LDL e VLDL) e triglicérides, sendo realizado exame de ultrassonografia de abdome superior para diagnosticar esteatose hepática. Os participantes foram submetidos ao treinamento concorrente (associação de treino com pesos e exercício aeróbio) três vezes por semana, com duração de uma hora-aula durante 20 semanas. Para o tratamento estatístico, foram realizados o teste t de Student pareado e a análise de frequência, a fim de verificar as reduções relativa e absoluta do diagnóstico da esteatose hepática, adotando-se p

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is defined as a group of risk factors related to insulin resistance and its highest prevalence is found in obese individuals. The first observations concerning MS occurred in the 1920s, contributing to a surge of new associations between hyperglycemia and obesity. As of 1979, there was a greater understanding of one of its components: insulin resistance. The prevalence of MS varies according to the diagnostic criterion used, mainly for children and adolescents among which its prevalence has increased considerably. The principle criteria used in diagnosing the pediatric population are the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program and Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), World Health Organization (WHO) and I Prevention Directive against Atherosclerosis in Infancy and Adolescence, and due to their differences, the prevalence of the syndrome varies according to the diagnostic criterion used. Nevertheless, many points should be taken into consideration in choosing a criterion, such as sample size, age, applicability, risk factors to be considered and available resources. In this context, efficiency and applicability are advantages in distinct criteria.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-28T14:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300250500001.pdf: 706311 bytes, checksum: d18b433f1426cbf342153250b0b57808 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000300250500001.pdf: 706311 bytes, checksum: d18b433f1426cbf342153250b0b57808 (MD5) WOS000300250500001.pdf.txt: 29420 bytes, checksum: 8183576f358280ba056c671e285249b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-12 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:58:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000300250500001.pdf: 706311 bytes, checksum: d18b433f1426cbf342153250b0b57808 (MD5) WOS000300250500001.pdf.txt: 29420 bytes, checksum: 8183576f358280ba056c671e285249b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000300250500001.pdf: 706311 bytes, checksum: d18b433f1426cbf342153250b0b57808 (MD5) WOS000300250500001.pdf.txt: 29420 bytes, checksum: 8183576f358280ba056c671e285249b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-12 Background: Recent studies have identified that a higher resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with elevated blood pressure, independent of body fatness, age and ethnicity. However, it is still unclear whether RHR can also be applied as a screening for other risk factors, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, the purpose of the presented study was to analyze the association between RHR, lipid profile and fasting glucose in obese children and adolescents.Methods: The sample was composed of 180 obese children and adolescents, aged between 7-16 years. Whole-body and segmental body composition were estimated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Resting heart rate (RHR) was measured by heart rate monitors. The fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose, using the colorimetric method.Results: Fasting glucose, TC, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and RHR were similar in both genders. The group of obese subjects with a higher RHR presented, at a lower age, higher triglycerides and TC. There was a significant relationship between RHR, triglycerides and TC. In the multivariate model, triglycerides and TC maintained a significant relationship with RHR independent of age, gender, general and trunk adiposity. The ROC curve indicated that RHR has a high potential for screening elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as dyslipidemia.Conclusion: Elevated RHR has the potential to identify subjects at an increased risk of atherosclerosis development. UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Therapy, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Therapy, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Objective To investigate the relationship between skipping meals and biochemical variables in obese children and adolescents. Study design The sample was composed of 174 obese children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 16 years (80 male and 94 female). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured after 12 hours fasting. The frequency of skipping breakfast, lunch, or dinner was assessed through a face-to-face interview carried out with the parents. Results The prevalence of eating breakfast daily was low in boys (47.5%) and girls (44.7%). A higher frequency of eating breakfast was negatively correlated with glucose ( r = −0.16; P = .026), triglycerides ( r = −0.19; P = .011), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = −0.21; P = .005). In the multivariate model, the weekly frequency of eating breakfast remained negatively associated with glucose (β = −0.975; P = .017), triglycerides (β = −7.792; P = .017), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −1.870; P = .009) independent of age, sex, trunk fatness, and parents' education. Conclusion Skipping meals, mainly breakfast, is associated with glucose and lipid levels in obese children and adolescents.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-52732011000100004.pdf: 336889 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e76e085661438d8d1d697c4bd90b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-52732011000100004.pdf: 336889 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e76e085661438d8d1d697c4bd90b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-52732011000100004.pdf: 336889 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e76e085661438d8d1d697c4bd90b (MD5) S1415-52732011000100004.pdf.txt: 35649 bytes, checksum: 6390c6a52d4877ea1d35543b4557d65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-52732011000100004.pdf: 336889 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e76e085661438d8d1d697c4bd90b (MD5) S1415-52732011000100004.pdf.txt: 35649 bytes, checksum: 6390c6a52d4877ea1d35543b4557d65b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-52732011000100004.pdf: 336889 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e76e085661438d8d1d697c4bd90b (MD5) S1415-52732011000100004.pdf.txt: 35649 bytes, checksum: 6390c6a52d4877ea1d35543b4557d65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a eficiência de diferentes equações antropométricas para a identificação de excesso de gordura corporal entre crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 1.498 indivíduos (678 meninos e 820 meninas), com idade entre 7 e 17 anos (M=13,7, DP=2,0), da cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP). A massa corporal e a estatura foram mensuradas para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. Também foi realizada a mensuração da circunferência de cintura e das dobras cutâneas subescapular, tricipital, abdominal e da panturrilha. O percentual de gordura corporal foi calculado por meio de quatro equações: Slaughter et al., Slaughter II et al., Dezenberg et al., e Deurenberg et al.. Para indicar a eficiência das diferentes equações antropométricas na indicação da obesidade, foi utilizada a análise da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. RESULTADOS: No grupo masculino, foram observados valores de sensibilidade elevados (82,4% a 100,0%) e valores oscilando de baixo a alto, para a especificidade (20,9% a 94,9%). Para o sexo feminino, os valores de sensibilidade variaram entre moderado e alto (72,2% a 99,4%); e os de especificidade apresentaram, também, grande oscilação entre baixo e alto (21,6% a 98,2%). CONCLSÃO: A equação proposta por Deurenberg et al., apresentou o melhor desempenho no diagnóstico tanto da presença como da ausência de obesidade na amostra investigada. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of different anthropometric equations that identify excess body fat in children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,498 subjects (678 males and 820 females), aged 7 to 17 years (13.7 SD=2.0), from Presidente Prudente (SP). Body weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index. Waist circumference and triceps, abdominal, and thigh skinfold thicknesses were also measured. The percentage of body fat was estimated by four anthropometric equations: Slaughter et al., Slaughter II et al., Dezenberg et al., and Deurenberg et al.. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve was used to indicate the efficiency of these equations. RESULTS: High sensitivity values (82.4% to 100,0%) and high and low specificity scores (20.9% to 94.9%) were observed in males. In females, the sensitivity values ranged from moderate to high (72.2% to 99.4%) and the specificity scores were high (21.6% to 98.2%). CONCLUSION: The Deurenberg et al., equation was the most accurate for identifying presence or absence of obesity in this sample. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Educação Física Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Educação Física

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-05822011000200009.pdf: 746804 bytes, checksum: 14825b10bc0bd43cf6b0d56e17d1ab37 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-05822011000200009.pdf: 746804 bytes, checksum: 14825b10bc0bd43cf6b0d56e17d1ab37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-05822011000200009.pdf: 746804 bytes, checksum: 14825b10bc0bd43cf6b0d56e17d1ab37 (MD5) S0103-05822011000200009.pdf.txt: 34470 bytes, checksum: c7b1bc65f0f55c44039f7fc7eee356c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-05822011000200009.pdf: 746804 bytes, checksum: 14825b10bc0bd43cf6b0d56e17d1ab37 (MD5) S0103-05822011000200009.pdf.txt: 34470 bytes, checksum: c7b1bc65f0f55c44039f7fc7eee356c9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-05822011000200009.pdf: 746804 bytes, checksum: 14825b10bc0bd43cf6b0d56e17d1ab37 (MD5) S0103-05822011000200009.pdf.txt: 34470 bytes, checksum: c7b1bc65f0f55c44039f7fc7eee356c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito de 12 semanas de intervenção envolvendo prática de atividade física, orientações alimentar e psicológica sobre fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal com 23 crianças e adolescentes obesos, com idade entre seis e 16 anos (12,0±3,2 anos). Foram mensurados: gordura corporal total e de tronco, glicemia, colesterol total e triglicérides, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Os jovens foram submetidos a três sessões semanais de 60 minutos de exercício físico (atividades esportivas recreativas, ginástica, circuitos e caminhadas), durante 12 semanas. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar dados categóricos daqueles que apresentaram valores acima das recomendações para cada fator de risco. O teste t para dados pareados foi aplicado para comparar os dois momentos do estudo. RESULTADOS: em indivíduos com alterações metabólicas no início do estudo, observou-se, após a intervenção, a diminuição de 11,6% na glicemia (105 para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) e de 24,9% no triglicérides (217 para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); porém, não houve diferenças na pressão arterial e no colesterol total. CONCLUSÕES: O programa de exercício físico aplicado nas crianças e adolescentes foi eficiente para melhorar os valores de glicemia e triglicérides. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a 12-week intervention program based on physical activity practice, alimentary and psychological orientation on the risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted with 23 obese children and adolescents, aged six to 16 years (12.0±3.2 years). Total body and trunk fat mass, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. The children were submitted to physical activity three times a week during 12 weeks. Each session of 60 minutes consisted of recreational sports activities, gymnastics, circuits and track-walking. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data for those patients who had values above the recommendations for each risk factor and Student's t-test for paired data was used to compare the two moments of the study. RESULTS: In subjects who had altered baseline values in the beginning of the study, the glycemia levels decreased 11.6% (from 105 to 93mg/dL; p=0.046) and the triglycerides decreased 24.9% (from 217 to 163mg/dL; p=0.013) after the intervention. on the other hand, no differences were noted for blood pressure and total cholesterol after the intervention. CCONCLUSIONS: The intervention was effective in improving blood glucose and triglycerides levels in children and adolescents enrolled in the study. OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de intervención implicando práctica de actividad física, orientación alimentar y psicológica sobre factores de riesgo respecto al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal con 23 niños y adolescentes obsesos, con edad entre seis y 16 años (12,0±3,2 años). Se midió: grasa corporal total y de tronco, glucemia, colesterol total y triglicéridos, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica Los jóvenes fueron sometidos a tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos de ejercicio físico (actividades deportivas recreativas, gimnástica, circuitos y caminatas) durante 12 semanas. En el tratamiento estadístico, se realizó el análisis descriptivo, con promedio, desviación estándar y error estándar. La prueba de chi cuadrado fue usada para comparar datos categóricos con aquellos que presentaron valores por encima de las recomendaciones para cada Factor de Riesgo y la prueba t para datos pareados fue usada para comparar los dos momentos del estudio. RESULTADOS: En individuos con alteraciones metabólicas en el inicio del estudio, se observó, después de la intervención, reducción del 11,6% en la glucemia (1053mg/dL para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) y del 24,9% en los triglicéridos (217mg/dL para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la presión arterial y en el colesterol total. CONCLUSIÓN: El programa de ejercicio físico aplicado en los niños y adolescentes fue eficiente para mejorar los valores de glucemia y triglicéridos. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:32:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84881062655.pdf: 187132 bytes, checksum: 2c71a8bb98eb71daf755b17f270a08d2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-07 Background: Previous studies have shown an association between adiposity, especially intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and hemodynamic/metabolic comorbidities in adults, however it is not clear in pediatric population. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) with values of intra-abdominal (IAAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissue in obese children and adolescents.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: 182 obese sedentary children and adolescents (aged 6 to 16 y), identified by the body mass index (BMI). Measurements: Body composition and trunk fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- DXA; lipid profile, blood pressure and pubertal stage were also assessed. NAFLD was classified as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3), and intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness were identified by ultrasound. The MS was identified according to the cut offs proposed by World Health Organization adapted for children and adolescents. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the binary logistic regression indicated the magnitude of the associations adjusted by potential cofounders (sex, age, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR).Results: Higher quartile of SCAT was associated with elevated blood pressure (p = 0.015), but not associated with NAFLD (p = 0.665). Higher IAAT was positively associated with increased dyslipidemia (p = 0.001), MS (p = 0.013) and NAFLD (p = 0.005). Intermediate (p = 0.007) and highest (p = 0.001) quartile of IAAT were also associated with dyslipidemia, independently of age, sex, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance).Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents, with higher IAAT are more prone to develop MS and NAFLD than those with higher values of SCAT, independent of possible confounding variables. © 2013 Silveira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Department of Physiotherapy UNESP, 421 Garcia Paes St. Jardim Paulista, 19023-060 Presidente Prudente, SP Department of Physical Education UNESP, Rio Claro, SP Department of Physical Education UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP Department of Physiotherapy UNESP, 421 Garcia Paes St. Jardim Paulista, 19023-060 Presidente Prudente, SP Department of Physical Education UNESP, Rio Claro, SP Department of Physical Education UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP

condition of hypoxia caused by hypertrophy of adipose cells in obesity triggers macrophages recruitment and production of cytokines. Additionally, high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high glycemic index meals may contribute to oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation by increases NF-kB activation. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the contribution of the macronutrients intake in the metabolic and inflammatory profile, by levels of lipoproteins, insulin resistance, anti and pro inflammatory cytokines, in obese adolescents according the gender.sample was composed by 37 adolescents, both genders, identified as obese by body mass index (BMI). Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and measures of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) and subcutaneous adiposity tissue (SAT) were done by ultrasound. Biochemical analyses were done and the measurement of cytokines; fatty acids and insulin were performed by the technique of immunoassay ELISA. The estimation of macronutrients consumption was made by 3 day food register regarding food intake. Statistical significance was set at p-value5% and the statistical software SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) performed all analyses.BMI (p = 0.316), FM (p = 0.416), IAAT (p = 0.505) and SAT (p = 0.935) presented similarities between genders. Cytokines and metabolic variables values were similar between the groups. Only in the male group, metabolic variables and cytokines were significant correlated with the consumption of total lipids or its fractions. Was observed that insulin concentration had significant interaction with MUFA(g) (= -18.4; p = 0.004) and adiponectin with CHO(g) (= -58.2; p = 0.032) in the group male and female, respectively.macronutrients intake is associated with low-grade inflammation in obesity, by production of inflammatory cytokines and alteration of the lipid profile, especially male obese adolescents which seem to be more responsive of this consumption when compared with female obese adolescents.Introducción y objetivo: la hipoxia causada por la hipertrofia de las células adiposas en la obesidad desencadena macrófagos de reclutamiento y la producción de citoquinas. Además, el alto consumo de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) y las comidas con alto índice glucémico pueden contribuir al estrés oxidativo y la inflamación crónica de bajo grado por los aumentos de activación de NF-kB. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la contribución de la ingesta de macronutrientes en el perfil metabólico e inflamatorio, por niveles de lipoproteínas, resistencia a la insulina, citoquinas anti y pro inflamatorias, en adolescentes obesos según el género. Métodos: la muestra estaba compuesta por 37 adolescentes, de ambos géneros, identificados como obesos según el índice de masa corporal (IMC). La composición corporal se evaluó mediante absorciometría de energía dual de rayos X (DEXA) y medidas de adiposidad intraabdominal (IAAT) y del tejido adiposo subcutáneo (SAT) se realizaron mediante ecografía. Los análisis bioquímicos se realizaron mediante la medición de citoquinas; los ácidos grasos y la insulina se realizaron por la técnica de ELISA. La estimación del consumo de macronutrientes fue llevado a cabo durante tres días mediante el registro de alimentos con respecto a la ingesta total. La significación estadística se estableció en el valor p.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T06:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related to obesity has been rising in the last decades, though the morphological and metabolic determinants are remain unclear in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological determinants and metabolic abnormalities in obese children and adolescents, classified either as with (P-NAFLD) or without (N-NAFLD). The sample comprised 190 individuals, aged 6 to 16 years-old, assigned into one of 4 groups according to sex and presence or absence of NAFLD. Obesity was obtained according to body mass index (BMI) cut-points. Body composition variables was estimated by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, fasting glucose (FG) and blood pressure were also analyzed. The diagnosis of NAFLD, as well as the measurement of intra-abdominal fat tissue thickness (IAF) and subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue thickness (SCF), was carried-out by ultrasound. Males and females belonging to P-NAFLD group showed, respectively, higher TFM and IAF. When data were adjusted for sex, age and total fat mass, those in P-NAFLD showed statistically higher IAF, TFM and TG. Our study showed that obese youngsters who were assigned to P-NAFLD group were twice as likely to present higher concentration of triglycerides, higher levels of trunk fat, as well as intra-abdominal fat compared to their N-NAFLD counterparts even after adjustments for sex, age, pubertal stage and total body fat mass. Redentore Gonfiantine St. Vila São Francisco Department of Physiotherapy University Estadual Paulista Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo Zip code 05351020 Redentore Gonfiantine St. Vila São Francisco Department of Physiotherapy University Estadual Paulista Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo Zip code 05351020