Search

The article discusses the theological method of William of St. Thiery. It is noted that this theologian's purpose is to develop a theological contention that engages the reader with God with the sole motive of uniting the intellectual, pastoral and worship facets of theological education. His contribution in theology can help deepen an Anglican way of spirituality and challenge new monastic communities to engage with theology.

A lively dialogue on pneumatology took place in JPT 4 (April 1994) between Jürgen Moltmann and Pentecostal scholars. I want to return to this dialogue and examine two of the key difference in understanding, suggesting that Pentecostals focus on the 'particular' and the 'transcendent' whereas Moltmann emphasizes the 'universal' and the 'immanent.' These differences are of significant importance in the theology and practice of mission. Although both Moltmann and Pentecostals share a desire for mission to be holistic and experiential, they differ over the means of mission and characteristics of mission. In some ways this difference reflects the wider difference between ecumenical and evangelical theologies of mission. Building on the dialogue, I want to suggest the outline of a way beyond these differences by suggesting a pneumatological framework for mission. This framework grounds mission in movements of the Holy Spirit and is suggestive of a new way forward in the theology of mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the nature of virtual communities in relation to missions. Definition of community; Types of virtual communities; Description of Christian missions and virtual communities.

successful phylogenic reconstruction of the known pattern of descent of the main post-reformation Christian Churches has been achieved from a computerised analysis of aspects of their present day memetic pattern. The result confirms the feasibility of a new approach to organisational memetics and conducts a first empirical test of the hypothesis that, if organisations are construed as evolving, those with a common ancestor should show greater replicator similarity than more distant relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses Christian contextualization. Contributions of pentecostals to contextualization; Overview of Anglican charismatic contributions to contextualization; Role of the Holy Spirit in contextualization.

Focuses on a study which examined Pentecostal mission motivation within a framework suggested by the voluntary principle. Definition of the voluntary principle; Links between the missionary and Pentecostal movements; Developments in the framework.

Explores how an eschatological outlook can broaden some existing definitions of mission. Link between mission and eschatology; Characteristics of the kingdom of God which are relevant to a mission; Relationship between evangelism and social actions; Marks of a mission.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) can have severe impacts on function and quality of life. Up to one third of patients will have an inadequate response to their first line of treatment, with subsequent lines of therapy associated with lower remission rates and higher relapse rates. Recently esketamine has become available for Australian patients, and this agent provides an additional treatment option for those with MDD who have had an inadequate response to two or more antidepressant therapies during the current moderate to severe depressive episode. This paper provides an expert panel's practical recommendations and clinical guidance for establishing esketamine clinics in Australia. Methods: An expert panel (n = 11) comprising psychiatrists, mental health care nurses, pharmacists, and individuals with experience establishing esketamine clinics was convened in Sydney. The panel developed practical recommendations and clinical guidance, which were then further refined. Results: Five key areas were identified: practical considerations for esketamine clinic set‐up, including multidisciplinary care considerations; patient selection; administering esketamine; adverse event management and long‐term follow‐up. Conclusions: Guidance presented in this paper should assist Australian clinicians to set up an esketamine clinic, and provide practical advice on the infrastructure and clinical requirements for treatment of patients with this agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: High caseload is considered one of the most important factors for good outcomes after high-risk surgeries such as oesophagectomy. However, many Australian centres perform low volumes of oesophagectomies due to demographics. The aim of the present study was to audit outcome after oesophagectomy in an Australian low-volume centre over a period of 13 years and to discuss potential contributors to outcome other than just case volume. Methods: Perioperative and long-term outcomes of all oesophagectomies over a 13-year period in a low-volume Australian tertiary care centre were analysed retrospectively. Data were compared in subgroups of patients in two separate time periods: 2000–05 (n = 23) and 2006–12 (n = 24). Results: There were two perioperative deaths over the entire 13-year period with no postoperative mortality in the last decade. The complication and long-term survival rates for each of the two separate time periods were similar to those from high-volume centres, more so in the second half of the study period. Conclusions: The data suggest that under specific conditions, oesophagectomies can be safely performed even in smaller- or low-volume centres in Australia. The policy of centralisation for these procedures in Australia needs to be carefully tailored to the needs of the population, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness and optimal utilisation of existing facilities rather than on caseload alone. What is known about the topic?: High caseload is considered one of the most important factors for good outcomes after oesophagectomy and a driving force behind centralisation of this procedure. However, other factors may also affect outcome – such as availability of experienced surgeons, specialist nurses, interventional radiology, gastroenterology, etc. What does this paper add?: With the availability of appropriate levels of expertise, infrastructure and specialist nursing staff as is the case in most Australian tertiary centres, good perioperative outcomes can be obtained despite low volumes. Case load only should not be used as a surrogate marker of quality. What are the implications for practitioners?: The policy of centralisation for oesophagectomy in Australia needs to be carefully thought out on the basis of population demographics, outcomes and cost-effectiveness, with the appropriate use of existing facilities, rather than on a caseload basis alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses both UK-based and global Internet data bandwidth growth, beginning with historical data for the BT network. We examine the time variations in consumer behaviour and how this is statistically aggregated into larger traffic loads on national core fibre communications networks. The random nature of consumer Internet behaviour, where very few consumers require maximum bandwidth simultaneously, provides the opportunity for a significant statistical gain. The paper looks at predictions for how this growth might continue over the next 10-20 years, giving estimates for the amount of bandwidth that networks should support in the future. The paper then explains how national networks are designed to accommodate these traffic levels, and the various network roles, including access, metro and core, are described. The physical layer network is put into the context of how the packet and service layers are designed and the applications and location of content are also included in an overall network overview. The specific role of content servers in alleviating core network traffic loads is highlighted. The status of the relevant transmission technologies in the access, metro and core is given, showing that these technologies, with adequate research, should be sufficient to provide bandwidth for consumers in the next 10-20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an obituary for Kenneth Wilson Cole, one who offered great contributions in the field of geotechnical engineering in Great Britain.

Flexgrid technology has recently been presented as the most promising option for upgrading the currently operating fixed grid optical networks and extending their capacity to be able to deal with the massive traffic volumes forecast for the next decade. Although the current traffic is successfully supported on fixed grid networks, flexgrid technology brings features that are not offered by the fixed grid networks, such as transporting optical connections with a capacity beyond 100 Gb/s and elasticity against time-varying traffic. In light of this, a gradual fixed grid to flexgrid migration is generally accepted in order to add these useful features to the network. In this article, we study the migration process where flexgrid is deployed in the network progressively, and review the main drivers and open issues induced by its deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical networks are undergoing significant changes, fueled by the exponential growth of traffic due to multimedia services and by the increased uncertainty in predicting the sources of this traffic due to the ever changing models of content providers over the Internet. The change has already begun: simple on-off modulation of signals, which was adequate for bit rates up to 10 Gb/s, has given way to much more sophisticated modulation schemes for 100 Gb/s and beyond. The next bottleneck is the 10-year-old division of the optical spectrum into a fixed ?wavelength grid,? which will no longer work for 400 Gb/s and above, heralding the need for a more flexible grid. Once both transceivers and switches become flexible, a whole new elastic optical networking paradigm is born. In this article we describe the drivers, building blocks, architecture, and enabling technologies for this new paradigm, as well as early standardization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Behavioral intentions (motivational factors), attitudes, subjective norm (social pressures), and perceived behavioral control promote or discourage smoking behavior among adolescents. Objective: To assess students' behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on smoking using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The prevalence of smoking among the adolescents is also calculated. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescents in primary and secondary schools. Data on demographics, behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards smoking were collected. Pearson product moment correlations and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current smoking. Results: A total sample of 2554 (mean age = 15; Range = 12–18 years) students participated in the study. Twenty-nine percent (n = 728) of the students had tried smoking at least once. Smoking was predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention.There was a strong association between having a parent or guardian, caregiver or close friend who smoked (p < 0.001) and being a smoker. The majority of students (57%) conveyed that adults talked to them about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and 50% had discussed smoking concerns with their friends. Students who had positive attitudes towards smoking like "smoking makes you confident" were more likely to be current smokers (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03–2.59). The feeling or conviction that they could refuse a cigarette if offered was an impediment from smoking (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.13–0.26). Conclusions: Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control contributed significantly to the students' smoking. Right attitudes must be cultivated and behavioral control must be strengthened for early effective interventions to curtail smoking among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive video and cloud computing services are putting much pressure on metro networks to meet stringent requirements such as low latency, low power consumption, and high spectral efficiency, where the system cost is sensitive. To address this challenge, we introduce a special elastic optical network paradigm called the ultradense wavelength switched network (UD-WSN) for metro optical networks. The architecture supports a spectrum granularity (e.g., 6.25 GHz or even 5 GHz) finer than the current smallest standardized 12.5 GHz, which enables more efficient spectrum utilization when provisioning metro lowspeed service connections (e.g., sub-1G/1G/10G services). The performance of UD-WSN is evaluated from the techno-economic perspective in comparison with the conventional OTN over DWDM network. Case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed architecture. Considering the promising potential of UD-WSN, we also suggest several open research issues for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to determine the prevalence and risk factors for smoking among students aged 12–18 years in two cities in Botswana. Using a sample of 2554 students we adapted the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology to assess students' smoking practices, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with smoking. The results revealed that 10% of students were current tobacco smokers with 29% reporting having tried smoking. Self-image and acceptance by peers were the strongest predictors of smoking overall (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 3.13, 95%, Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.67–3.66). Intention to smoke or to continue to smoke and perceived norms in conformity with smoking were also independently associated with smoking (aOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 167–2.11 and aOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.57, respectively). Perceived prevalence and exposure to smoking by peers and family and access to tobacco products was stronger among females (aOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.52–1.91) compared to males (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.70–1.24). Our results indicate that anti-tobacco interventions in Botswana should prioritize intra-personal factors associated with smoking. Our findings also suggest that different interventions targeting male and female students should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the work on next generation transponders for optical networks carried out within the last few years. A general architecture supporting super-channels (i.e., optical connections composed of several adjacent subcarriers) and sliceability (i.e., subcarriers grouped in a number of independent super-channels with different destinations) is presented. Several transponder implementations supporting different transmission techniques are considered, highlighting advantages, economics, and complexity. Discussions include electronics, optical components, integration, and programmability. Application use cases are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Anastomoses in major upper gastrointestinal surgery can be technically demanding, especially handsewn anastomoses traversing the diaphragmatic hiatus. The OrVil stapler is a unique circular stapler that allows rapid creation of various upper gastrointestinal anastomoses in technically challenging circumstances, particularly if additional proximal clearance is desirable. Little is reported in the literature regarding its outcomes and complication rates. In this 'How I do It' article, we describe our technique and experience with the OrVil in major upper gastrointestinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anastomoses in major upper gastrointestinal surgery can be technically demanding, especially handsewn anastomoses traversing the diaphragmatic hiatus. The OrVil™ stapler is a unique circular stapler that allows rapid creation of various upper gastrointestinal anastomoses in technically challenging circumstances, particularly if additional proximal clearance is desirable. Little is reported in the literature regarding its outcomes and complication rates. In this 'How I do It' article, we describe our technique and experience with the OrVil™ in major upper gastrointestinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosion of current demand has brought the contemporary multidomain core network paradigm to its limit. In the quest for new approaches that exploit recent developments in optical technology, a novel network architecture that obviates most of the expensive and loss-prone centralized all-optical switches is described in this work. It is based on clustered architecture for nodes in optical networks and features a reconciliation between dynamic resource allocation and guaranteed end-to-end network performance in a multidomain network. This article enhances the distributed, collision-free slot aggregation inside domains of clustered core nodes with dynamic switching of slots/frames between the domains. Thus, it can support dynamic sub-wavelength allocations between network domains, using standard burst-switching techniques. This extends the high efficiency and multiplexing gain into the inter-domain network even under highly bursty traffic. It features both low-cost optical add/drop edge nodes exploiting WDM transmission and agile and modular centralized electro-optical switches that are presented in conjunction with the overall network architecture. Its performance exhibits very low burst loss probability traded for a higher but tolerable and bounded delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manner and exact timing of the evolution of the widely used DWDM infrastructure to a transparent optical network will be judged on economic circumstances and network performance. In this context this article elaborates on a methodology developed within the Project 1ST NOBEL,¹ for integrating cost functions and other design constraints into the planning of a DWDM network while considering this evolution perspective to a transparent optical network. This systematic approach builds upon the experience of static network design and is sub- stantiated by specific examples in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]