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For 21 patients with a functional dyspepsia the influencing biologically active additives to nutrition "Pekcecom" on dynamics of clinical symptoms and parameters gastroduodenal motility under the data gastroduodenoscintigraphy was studied. The usage of biologically active additives during 4 weeks was accompanied by deboosting of accelerated gastric emptying for want of statistically significant influencing on a normal and delayed gastric emptying and parameters of duodenal transit.

Selenium level was determined in sera of 27 patients including 15 patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases and 12 patients with intestinal malabsorption after some kinds of stomach or small intestine resection. Deficiency of this trace element was found in 5 patients and suboptimal concentration in 4 patients in the first group and in 3 and 5 patients of second group respectively. Supplementation of patients with 45 mg of selenium organic form based on autolysis extract of selenious baker's yeast resulted in increase of selenium level in 23 (85%) patients including all of them with selenium deficiency or suboptimal level. It was concluded about high bioavailability of selenium in supplement studied. Perturbed intestinal absorption after surgical resection of stomach or small intestine may be considered as an indication for prophylactic taking of organic selenium form preparation.

The study of actual nutrition of patients with erosive-ulcerative lesions in the gastroduodenal zone and of patients with operated ulcer has revealed defects in intake of essential nutrients by these patients: overeating of animal fat and refined carbohydrates, deficiency of oil, vitamins A, B2, C, D and food fibers.

Fish oil preparation "Polyen" was used for treatment 21 patients with ulcerative diseases of the stomach or duodenum. The cicatrization of ulcer was diagnosed in 85% of patients treated by "Polyen" and in 60% of those who did not take fish oil. "Polyen" influenced fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and lipid peroxidation. Authors draw a conclusion that omega-3 PUFA's can stimulate the reparative processes.

The examinations showed the differences in bile secretion and biochemical composition of bile in patients with chronic alcoholism II and III stages (respectively 1 and 2 groups of patients). The patients of group 1 have hypotonic gall-bladder with normal or in some cases increased speed of bile secretion with low contents of cholic acid, cholesterol and bilirubin. A type of bile secretion in patients group 2 is hypotonic-hypokinetic with patterns of bile stagnation. Treatment of patients of group 1 by cholenzyme and patients of group 2 by enterosorbent cholysorb promoted normalisation of intestinal circulation of bile components. Cholenzyme is remedy of compensation therapy and cholisorb allows to remove the bile stagnation.

Content of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 components of complement, properdin factor B, acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin were studied using immunochemical procedures in blood serum, gastric and duodenal contents of healthy persons and of patients after stomach resection. In patients with symptoms of malabsorption concentration of IgA and IgG was drastically increased in gastric and duodenal contents by 51% and 188%, respectively, and by 53% and 371%, respectively. Local activation of the complement system was also observed, which involved an increase of C3 component in stomach and small intestine by 122% and 31%, respectively. As a result of postoperative anastomositis content of albumin and the properdin factor B was distinctly increased in the duodenum. The data obtained suggest that studies of various functional proteins in gastric and duodenal contents are recommended for evaluation of a disease genesis as well as for diagnosis of acute local inflammation.

Adequately good consumption of beta-carotene was observed in patients with duodenal ulcer and erosive gastritis after daily treatment with 18 mg of the carotinoid used as 0.1% oil solution: concentration of beta-carotene was increased approximately 3-fold in blood serum of these patients. Concentration of retinol was not increased in blood serum after treatment with beta-carotene, thus indicating that the drug treatment was not dangerous. Treatment with beta-carotene led to improvement in the state of the antioxidative system of these patients as resistance of erythrocytes to peroxide hydrolysis was increased while content of malonic dialdehyde was decreased in blood serum. The carotene treatment contributed to arresting pain syndrome in patients with ulcers, to cicatrization of ulcers and to disappearance of gastric mucosal membrane erosion.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) taken per os has been found to stimulate gastric secretion provoked by pentagastrin. MSG gave rise to a marked elevation of endogenic gastrin levels both in experimental animals and atrophic gastritis patients. Thirty-six patients with secretory gastric insufficiency received MSG as an additive to their food during combined therapy of their disease. The preparation proved to be well-tolerated, good stimulant of gastric secretion, efficient in digestion improvement. MSG is recommended as an adjuvant in combined therapy of atrophic gastritis.

The authors report a potentiating effect of sodium glutamate on gastric secretion in subjects free of gastrointestinal diseases. Similar effect has been discovered in dogs. In subjects with gastric hyposecretion (chronic gastritis, functional regulatory disturbances) sodium glutamate combined with pentagastrin is a helpful tool in overall evaluation of gastric secretion. In achlorhydria is can be used for determination of a residual capacity of the stomach to secrete the hydrochloric acid in failure of humoral stimulators.

A state of blood antioxidant system and patterns of destructive processes in gastric mucosal membrane were studied under conditions of various gastroenterological diseases. Compensatory activation of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and increased consumption of alpha-tocopherol and retinol were observed in these pathological forms. These alterations became less distinct during chronic development of gastric ulcerous disease simultaneously with elevation of destructive processes in gastric mucosal membrane as lysosomal endopeptidases were stimulated.

Activity of the enzymes of local and overall biological actions was examined in a group of patients who had suffered gastric resection for peptic ulcer. The studies revealed enzymopathies of 2 types. The type I enzymopathy arises from deficiency of the enzymes implicated in digestion of food, while the type II enzymopathy is determined by abnormality of the mediator-enzymatic balance in the neurohumoral system. The enzymopathy pattern should be taken into consideration while deciding on a pathogenetically validated treatment.

A number of new diets and new products were apparaised from the standpoint of their effect on metabolic and pathophysiological disturbances seen in peptic ulcer. Application of new protein products, and qualitatively different fat that exert pathogenetic action on metabolism and function of the gastroduodenal system is especially promising. The enhanced acid-producing and enzyme-excretory functions of the gastric mucosa seen in peptic ulcer are less amenable by the alimentary factor. In this aspect it is necessary to go on with studies into the inhibitory effect of different dietary factors on proteolytic enzymes. The new data on the pathogenesis and symptomatology of peptic ulcer enabled a more weighed approach to the diet with the use of products having the increased biological value.

In 76 patients suffering from the dumping syndrome following gastric resection in connection with peptic ulcer the motor function of the gallbladder and gastric stump was studied. Investigations ascertained the existence of a direct relationship between the type of the gallbladder dyskinesia and evacuation periods from the gastric stump. The authors consider the hypermotor dyskinesia of the gallbladder combined with an accelerated evacuation from the stump to be an optimal combination after excision of the stomach. On the other hand, the hypomotor dyskinesia of the gallbladder with an accelerated emptying of the gastric stump was regarded as am explicit pathology demanding persistent curative measures. Principles of pathogenetic dietotherapy have been evolved.

The findings are presented characterizing the immunologic status of peptic ulcer patients during dietetic treatment. The immunologic shifts detected on admission to hospital (increased reactivity of T cells to specific antigen, immunoglobulin imbalance, changed concentrations of some complement components in the blood serum) were found to normalize under the effect of diets. The authors consider that dietetic treatment should be an obligatory component of the comprehensive management of peptic ulcer patients.

Exosecretory liver function was studied in patients after gastric resection for peptic ulcer. Disorders of the biochemical composition of the bile were discovered; they were manifested by disproportional formation and secretion of the basic components of the bile: cholic acid, cholesterol and phospholipids, which led to the shift in the bile components ratio and could promote their precipitation. Moreover, the lowering of the content of the basic components of the bile is likely to bring about a substantial derangement of the processes of fat digestion. Dietetic management of these patients exerted a beneficial effect on cholic acid secretion. However, in some patients with grave postoperative syndromes and disturbances in the hepatobiliary system, no noticeable positive results were obtained. The latter circumstance allows the conclusion about the necessity of placing such patients on prolonged treatment including bile expelling agents.

Altogether 253 patients operated on for peptic ulcer were examined for the action of 30 foods on motor and evacuatory function of the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop. 213 patients were subjected to gastric resection after Hofmeister-Finsterer and 40 patients to antrum resection and truncal vagotomy. Proceeding from the action on motor function of the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop the foods were distributed into three groups: with a stimulation, inhibitory of weak effects on the function. The first group included beef and fish broths, boiled meat, rye bread, cabbage, tomato, apple, cherry and black currant juices, rhubarb infusion, fresh kefir, carrot and pumpkin purees. The group of foods producing an inhibitory action comprised milk and milk whey, cottage cheese, sugar, butter, sunflower oil, lard, rice and oat decoctions, mashed potatoes and potato juice, buckwheat porridge and semolina, wheat bread, raw eggs, and honey. The action of the same foods was found to be different as regards the effect on the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop, on tonic and contractile functions of the organs. The dietetic management of patients undergoing gastric operations should be carried out on a strictly individualized basis with allowance made for the functions of the gastric stump and intestinal loop and for the action of foods on the organs.

A total of 462 patients with the dumping syndrome after gastric resection for peptic ulcer were under-observation. The critical response to qualitatively different nutritional loads and the content of a number of the vegetative nervous system mediators and insulin were examined. Moreover, function of the digestive organs and metabolic rates reflecting the course of a number of metabolic processes were studied. The evidence obtained furnished a background for validating and elaborating the system of staged differentiated nutritional therapy of the dumping syndrome with due regard for the syndrome gravity, various post-operative periods and the character of concomitant affections.

In 42 patients with the dumping syndrome. the mucosa of the resected gastric stump was examined histologically. Bioptic materials were obtained by applying fibrobiopsy and aspiration biopsy under roentgenological control. The great majority of the examined demonstrated some or other degree of the glandular atrophy attended by a fall of the secretary function. In spite of a considerable time lapsed since gastric resection the gastric glands remained intact and the secretary function of the stump continued to be normal. According to the authors the severity of the dumping syndrome does not depend on the nature of morphological changes in the gastric stump mucosa. A sizable proportion of the examined patients demonstrated various changes in the motor function of the stump, more often an accelerated evacuation. The listed changes in the morphological-functional condition of the gastric stump were given due consideration in compiling a dietary pattern for patients with the dumping syndrome.

On the basis of the follow up of 141 patients after radical operations for gastric cancer, special diet variants have been developed with due regard for postoperative terms and the character of complications after gastric resection. Positive results of dietotherapy were recorded in 71.5% of the patients, that was evidenced by their clinical picture and laboratory data: coprological, biochemical and immunological. The condition was not changed in 15.6% of the patients, negative shifts were noted in 18 patients (12.7%), in 12 of them relapses or metastases of the tumor were recorded.