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4. Effects of Second Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on Household Transmission, England

Author

Zaidi, Asad, Harris, Ross, Hall, Jennifer, Woodhall, Sarah, Andrews, Nick, Dunbar, Kevin, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, and Dabrera, Gavin

Subjects
England -- Health aspects, Households -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Control, Health
Abstract

Observational studies conducted in several countries including Qatar (1) and the United Kingdom (2) have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination provides protection against symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death. The role of [...]

Published
2023
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5. Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents

Author

Ratcliffe, Helen, Tiley, Karen S., Longet, Stephanie, Tonry, Claire, Roarty, Cathal, Watson, Chris, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Vichos, Iason, Morey, Ella, Douglas, Naomi L., Marinou, Spyridoula, Plested, Emma, Aley, Parvinder K., Galiza, Eva, Faust, Saul N., Hughes, Stephen, Murray, Clare, Roderick, Marion R., Shackley, Fiona, Oddie, Sam, Lee, Tim W.R., Turner, David P.J., Raman, Mala, Owens, Stephen, Turner, Paul J., Cockerill, Helen, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Ijaz, Samreen, Poh, John, Shute, Justin, Linley, Ezra, Borrow, Ray, Hoschler, Katja, Brown, Kevin E., Carroll, Miles W., Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna J., Ramsay, Mary, Voysey, Merryn, Waterfield, Thomas, and Snape, Matthew D.

Published
2023
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7. Early evaluation of the safety, reactogenicity, and immune response after a single dose of modified vaccinia Ankara–Bavaria Nordic vaccine against mpox in children: a national outbreak response

Author

Ladhani, Shamez N, Dowell, Alexander C, Jones, Scott, Hicks, Bethany, Rowe, Cathy, Begum, Jusnara, Wailblinger, Dagmar, Wright, John, Owens, Stephen, Pickering, Ailsa, Shilltoe, Benjamin, McMaster, Paddy, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Zuo, Jianmin, Powell, Annabel, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Mandal, Sema, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Ramsay, Mary E, Kissane, Neave, Bell, Michael, Watson, Heather, Ho, David, Hallis, Bassam, Otter, Ashley, Moss, Paul, and Cohen, Jonathan

Published
2023
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9. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and death of people in clinical risk groups during the Delta variant period: English primary care network cohort study

Author

Whitaker, Heather J., Tsang, Ruby S.M., Byford, Rachel, Aspden, Carole, Button, Elizabeth, Sebastian Pillai, Praveen, Jamie, Gavin, Kar, Debasish, Williams, John, Sinnathamby, Mary, Marsden, Gemma, Elson, William H., Leston, Meredith, Anand, Sneha, Okusi, Cecilia, Fan, Xuejuan, Linley, Ezra, Rowe, Cathy, DArcangelo, Silvia, Otter, Ashley D., Ellis, Joanna, Hobbs, F.D. Richard, Tzortziou-Brown, Victoria, Zambon, Maria, Ramsay, Mary, Brown, Kevin E., Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Andrews, Nick J., de Lusignan, Simon, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie

Published
2023
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10. Interim 2023/2024 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary and Secondary Care in the United Kingdom

Author

Whitaker, Heather, primary, Findlay, Beth, additional, Zitha, Jana, additional, Goudie, Rosalind, additional, Hassell, Katie, additional, Evans, Josie, additional, Kalapotharakou, Panoraia, additional, Agrawal, Utkarsh, additional, Kele, Beatrix, additional, Hamilton, Mark, additional, Moore, Catherine, additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Stowe, Julia, additional, Robertson, Chris, additional, Couzens, Anastasia, additional, Jamie, Gavin, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Pheasant, Kathleen, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Quinot, Catherine, additional, Jones, Tim, additional, Anand, Sneha, additional, Watson, Conall, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, de Lusignan, Simon, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Williams, Christopher, additional, Cottrell, Simon, additional, Marsh, Kimberly, additional, McMenamin, Jim, additional, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional

Published
2024
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12. Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England: a cohort study

Author

Nyberg, Tommy, Ferguson, Neil M, Nash, Sophie G, Webster, Harriet H, Flaxman, Seth, Andrews, Nick, Hinsley, Wes, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Kall, Meaghan, Bhatt, Samir, Blomquist, Paula, Zaidi, Asad, Volz, Erik, Abdul Aziz, Nurin, Harman, Katie, Funk, Sebastian, Abbott, Sam, Hope, Russell, Charlett, Andre, Chand, Meera, Ghani, Azra C, Seaman, Shaun R, Dabrera, Gavin, De Angelis, Daniela, Presanis, Anne M, Thelwall, Simon, Bernal, Jamie Lopez, and Aziz, Nurin Abdul

Published
2022
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14. Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study

Author

Koshy, Cherian, Ash, Amy, Wise, Emma, Moore, Nathan, Mori, Matilde, Cortes, Nick, Lynch, Jessica, Kidd, Stephen, Fairley, Derek, Curran, Tanya, McKenna, James, Adams, Helen, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Bonsall, David, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed, Malone, Cassandra, Cogger, Benjamin, Wantoch, Michelle, Reynolds, Nicola, Warne, Ben, Maksimovic, Joshua, Spellman, Karla, McCluggage, Kathryn, John, Michaela, Beer, Robert, Afifi, Safiah, Morgan, Sian, Marchbank, Angela, Price, Anna, Kitchen, Christine, Gulliver, Huw, Merrick, Ian, Southgate, Joel, Guest, Martyn, Munn, Robert, Workman, Trudy, Connor, Thomas, Fuller, William, Bresner, Catherine, Snell, Luke, Patel, Amita, Charalampous, Themoula, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Robson, Samuel, Beckett, Angela, Aanensen, David, Underwood, Anthony, Yeats, Corin, Abudahab, Khalil, Taylor, Ben, Menegazzo, Mirko, Clark, Gemma, Smith, Wendy, Khakh, Manjinder, Fleming, Vicki, Lister, Michelle, Howson-Wells, Hannah, Berry, Louise, Boswell, Tim, Joseph, Amelia, Willingham, Iona, Jones, Carl, Holmes, Christopher, Bird, Paul, Helmer, Thomas, Fallon, Karlie, Tang, Julian, Raviprakash, Veena, Campbell, Sharon, Sheriff, Nicola, Blakey, Victoria, Williams, Lesley-Anne, Loose, Matthew, Holmes, Nadine, Moore, Christopher, Carlile, Matthew, Wright, Victoria, Sang, Fei, Debebe, Johnny, Coll, Francesc, Signell, Adrian, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Kenyon, Anita, Davis, Thomas, Pybus, Oliver, du Plessis, Louis, Zarebski, Alex, Raghwani, Jayna, Kraemer, Moritz, Francois, Sarah, Attwood, Stephen, Vasylyeva, Tetyana, Escalera Zamudio, Marina, Gutierrez, Bernardo, Torok, M. Estee, Hamilton, William, Goodfellow, Ian, Hall, Grant, Jahun, Aminu, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Hosmillo, Myra, Pinckert, Malte, Georgana, Iliana, Moses, Samuel, Lowe, Hannah, Bedford, Luke, Moore, Jonathan, Stonehouse, Susanne, Fisher, Chloe, Awan, Ali, BoYes, John, Breuer, Judith, Harris, Kathryn, Brown, Julianne, Shah, Divya, Atkinson, Laura, Lee, Jack, Storey, Nathaniel, Flaviani, Flavia, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Williams, Rebecca, Vernet, Gabrielle, Chapman, Michael, Levett, Lisa, Heaney, Judith, Chatterton, Wendy, Pusok, Monika, Xu-McCrae, Li, Smith, Darren, Bashton, Matthew, Young, Gregory, Holmes, Alison, Randell, Paul, Cox, Alison, Madona, Pinglawathee, Bolt, Frances, Price, James, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, F. Nascimento, Fabricia, Jorgensen, David, Siveroni, Igor, Johnson, Rob, Boyd, Olivia, Geidelberg, Lily, Volz, Erik, Rowan, Aileen, Taylor, Graham, Smollett, Katherine, Loman, Nicholas, Quick, Joshua, McMurray, Claire, Stockton, Joanne, Nicholls, Sam, Rowe, Will, Poplawski, Radoslaw, McNally, Alan, Martinez Nunez, Rocio, Mason, Jenifer, Robinson, Trevor, O'Toole, Elaine, Watts, Joanne, Breen, Cassie, Cowell, Angela, Sluga, Graciela, Machin, Nicholas, Ahmad, Shazaad, George, Ryan, Halstead, Fenella, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, Hogsden, Wendy, Illingworth, Chris, Jackson, Chris, Thomson, Emma, Shepherd, James, Asamaphan, Patawee, Niebel, Marc, Li, Kathy, Shah, Rajiv, Jesudason, Natasha, Tong, Lily, Broos, Alice, Mair, Daniel, Nichols, Jenna, Carmichael, Stephen, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Johnson, Natasha, Starinskij, Igor, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Robertson, David, Orton, Richard, Hughes, Joseph, Vattipally, Sreenu, Singer, Joshua, Nickbakhsh, Seema, Hale, Antony, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa, Harper, Katherine, Carden, Holli, Taha, Yusri, Payne, Brendan, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Waugh, Sheila, Collins, Jennifer, Eltringham, Gary, Rushton, Steven, O'Brien, Sarah, Bradley, Amanda, Maclean, Alasdair, Mollett, Guy, Blacow, Rachel, Templeton, Kate, McHugh, Martin, Dewar, Rebecca, Wastenge, Elizabeth, Dervisevic, Samir, Stanley, Rachael, Meader, Emma, Coupland, Lindsay, Smith, Louise, Graham, Clive, Barton, Edward, Padgett, Debra, Scott, Garren, Swindells, Emma, Greenaway, Jane, Nelson, Andrew, McCann, Clare, Yew, Wen, Andersson, Monique, Peto, Timothy, Justice, Anita, Eyre, David, Crook, Derrick, Sloan, Tim, Duckworth, Nichola, Walsh, Sarah, Chauhan, Anoop, Glaysher, Sharon, Bicknell, Kelly, Wyllie, Sarah, Elliott, Scott, Lloyd, Allyson, Impey, Robert, Levene, Nick, Monaghan, Lynn, Bradley, Declan, Wyatt, Tim, Allara, Elias, Pearson, Clare, Osman, Husam, Bosworth, Andrew, Robinson, Esther, Muir, Peter, Vipond, Ian, Hopes, Richard, Pymont, Hannah, Hutchings, Stephanie, Curran, Martin, Parmar, Surendra, Lackenby, Angie, Mbisa, Tamyo, Platt, Steven, Miah, Shahjahan, Bibby, David, Manso, Carmen, Hubb, Jonathan, Chand, Meera, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary, Bradshaw, Daniel, Thornton, Alicia, Myers, Richard, Schaefer, Ulf, Groves, Natalie, Gallagher, Eileen, Lee, David, Williams, David, Ellaby, Nicholas, Harrison, Ian, Hartman, Hassan, Manesis, Nikos, Patel, Vineet, Bishop, Chloe, Chalker, Vicki, Ledesma, Juan, Twohig, Katherine, Holden, Matthew, Shaaban, Sharif, Birchley, Alec, Adams, Alexander, Davies, Alisha, Gaskin, Amy, Plimmer, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, McKerr, Caoimhe, Moore, Catherine, Williams, Chris, Heyburn, David, De Lacy, Elen, Hilvers, Ember, Downing, Fatima, Shankar, Giri, Jones, Hannah, Asad, Hibo, Coombes, Jason, Watkins, Joanne, Evans, Johnathan, Fina, Laia, Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Graham, Lee, Perry, Malorie, Morgan, Mari, Bull, Matthew, Cronin, Michelle, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Craine, Noel, Jones, Rachel, Howe, Robin, Corden, Sally, Rey, Sara, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, Taylor, Sarah, Cottrell, Simon, Jones, Sophie, Edwards, Sue, O'Grady, Justin, Page, Andrew, Mather, Alison, Baker, David, Rudder, Steven, Aydin, Alp, Kay, Gemma, Trotter, Alexander, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, Le-Viet, Thanh, Meadows, Lizzie, Casey, Anna, Ratcliffe, Liz, Simpson, David, Molnar, Zoltan, Thompson, Thomas, Acheson, Erwan, Masoli, Jane, Knight, Bridget, Ellard, Sian, Auckland, Cressida, Jones, Christopher, Mahungu, Tabitha, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Haque, Tanzina, Hart, Jennifer, Witele, Eric, Fenton, Melisa, Dadrah, Ashok, Symmonds, Amanda, Saluja, Tranprit, Bourgeois, Yann, Scarlett, Garry, Loveson, Katie, Goudarzi, Salman, Fearn, Christopher, Cook, Kate, Dent, Hannah, Paul, Hannah, Partridge, David, Raza, Mohammad, Evans, Cariad, Johnson, Kate, Liggett, Steven, Baker, Paul, Bonner, Stephen, Essex, Sarah, Lyons, Ronan, Saeed, Kordo, Mahanama, Adhyana, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Silveira, Siona, Pelosi, Emanuela, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Williams, Rachel, Kristiansen, Mark, Roy, Sunando, Williams, Charlotte, Cotic, Marius, Bayzid, Nadua, Westhorpe, Adam, Hartley, John, Jannoo, Riaz, Lowe, Helen, Karamani, Angeliki, Ensell, Leah, Prieto, Jacqui, Jeremiah, Sarah, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, Pandey, Sarojini, Berry, Lisa, Jones, Katie, Richter, Alex, Beggs, Andrew, Best, Angus, Percival, Benita, Mirza, Jeremy, Megram, Oliver, Mayhew, Megan, Crawford, Liam, Ashcroft, Fiona, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Cumley, Nicola, Smith, Colin, Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew, Blane, Beth, Girgis, Sophia, Leek, Danielle, Sridhar, Sushmita, Forrest, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Gill, Harmeet, Dias, Joana, Higginson, Ellen, Maes, Mailis, Young, Jamie, Kermack, Leanne, Gupta, Ravi, Ludden, Catherine, Peacock, Sharon, Palmer, Sophie, Churcher, Carol, Hadjirin, Nazreen, Carabelli, Alessandro, Brooks, Ellena, Smith, Kim, Galai, Katerina, McManus, Georgina, Ruis, Chris, Davidson, Rose, Rambaut, Andrew, Williams, Thomas, Balcazar, Carlos, Gallagher, Michael, O'Toole, Áine, Rooke, Stefan, Hill, Verity, Williamson, Kathleen, Stanton, Thomas, Michell, Stephen, Bewshea, Claire, Temperton, Ben, Michelsen, Michelle, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Manley, Robin, Farbos, Audrey, Harrison, James, Sambles, Christine, Studholme, David, Jeffries, Aaron, Jackson, Leigh, Darby, Alistair, Hiscox, Julian, Paterson, Steve, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Jackson, Kathryn, Lucaci, Anita, Vamos, Edith, Hughes, Margaret, Rainbow, Lucille, Eccles, Richard, Nelson, Charlotte, Whitehead, Mark, Turtle, Lance, Haldenby, Sam, Gregory, Richard, Gemmell, Matthew, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Webster, Hermione, de Silva, Thushan, Smith, Nikki, Angyal, Adrienn, Lindsey, Benjamin, Groves, Danielle, Green, Luke, Wang, Dennis, Freeman, Timothy, Parker, Matthew, Keeley, Alexander, Parsons, Paul, Tucker, Rachel, Brown, Rebecca, Wyles, Matthew, Whiteley, Max, Zhang, Peijun, Gallis, Marta, Louka, Stavroula, Constantinidou, Chrystala, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Ott, Sascha, Cheng, Jeffrey, Bridgewater, Hannah, Frost, Lucy, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, Stark, Richard, Baxter, Laura, Alam, Mohammad, Brown, Paul, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Cerda, Alberto, Merrill, Tammy, Wilson, Rebekah, McClure, Patrick, Chappell, Joseph, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Ball, Jonathan, Buck, David, Todd, John, Green, Angie, Trebes, Amy, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, de Cesare, Mariateresa, Alderton, Alex, Amato, Roberto, Ariani, Cristina, Beale, Mathew, Beaver, Charlotte, Bellis, Katherine, Betteridge, Emma, Bonfield, James, Danesh, John, Dorman, Matthew, Drury, Eleanor, Farr, Ben, Foulser, Luke, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gourtovaia, Marina, Harrison, Ewan, Jackson, David, Jamrozy, Dorota, Johnston, Ian, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Langford, Cordelia, Lawniczak, Mara, Letchford, Laura, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Martincorena, Inigo, McGuigan, Samantha, Nelson, Rachel, Palmer, Steve, Park, Naomi, Patel, Minal, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Scott, Carol, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Spencer Chapman, Michael, Thurston, Scott, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Weldon, Danni, Rajan, Diana, Bronner, Iraad, Aigrain, Louise, Redshaw, Nicholas, Lensing, Stefanie, Davies, Robert, Whitwham, Andrew, Liddle, Jennifier, Lewis, Kevin, Tovar-Corona, Jaime, Leonard, Steven, Durham, Jillian, Bassett, Andrew, McCarthy, Shane, Moll, Robin, James, Keith, Oliver, Karen, Makunin, Alex, Barrett, Jeff, Gunson, Rory, Twohig, Katherine A, Nyberg, Tommy, Zaidi, Asad, Thelwall, Simon, Sinnathamby, Mary A, Aliabadi, Shirin, Seaman, Shaun R, Harris, Ross J, Hope, Russell, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Charlett, Andre, De Angelis, Daniela, and Presanis, Anne M

Published
2022
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19. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study

Author

Shrotri, Madhumita, Krutikov, Maria, Palmer, Tom, Giddings, Rebecca, Azmi, Borscha, Subbarao, Sathyavani, Fuller, Christopher, Irwin-Singer, Aidan, Davies, Daniel, Tut, Gokhan, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Moss, Paul, Hayward, Andrew, Copas, Andrew, and Shallcross, Laura

Published
2021
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21. Temporal changes to adult case fatality risk of COVID-19 after vaccination in England between May 2020 and February 2022: a national surveillance study.

Author

Halford, Florence, Yates, Kathryn, Clare, Tom, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Kall, Meaghan, and Allen, Hester

Abstract

Objectives: Risk of death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has fallen during the pandemic, largely due to immunity from vaccination. In England, the timing and extent of this reduction varied due to staggered eligibility during the primary vaccination campaign, based on age and clinical risk group. Duration of protection is less well understood. Our objective was to estimate the case fatality risk (CFR) by vaccination status and time since last dose during a period of widespread community testing, to better understand the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and duration of protection. Design: SARS-CoV-2 cases diagnosed between May 2020 and February 2022 were linked to vaccine records from the National Immunisation Management System. CFR was calculated as the proportion of cases that died of COVID-19 per the death certificate, aggregated by week of specimen and stratified by 10-year age band and vaccination status. Setting: England, UK. Participants: A total of 10,616,148 SARS-CoV-2 cases, aged ≥18 years, recorded by England's laboratory reporting system. Main outcome measures: Case fatality risk of COVID-19, stratified by age band and vaccination status. Results: Overall, a reduction in CFR was observed for all age bands, with a clear temporal link to when the age group became eligible for primary vaccination and then the first booster. CFR increased with age (0.3% 50–59 years; 1.2% 60–69; 4.7% 70–79; 16.3% 80+) and was highest in the unvaccinated – albeit a reduction was observed over time. The highest CFR was seen in the unvaccinated 80+ group prior to vaccination rollout (30.6%). CFR was consistently lowest in vaccinated populations within 6 months of last dose, yet increased after over 6 months elapsed since last dose, across all age bands. Conclusions: COVID-19 CFR reduced after vaccination, with the lowest CFR seen across all age bands when vaccinated up to 6 months prior to specimen date. This provides some evidence for continued booster doses in older age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study

Author

de Lusignan, Simon, Dorward, Jienchi, Correa, Ana, Jones, Nicholas, Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Andrews, Nick, Byford, Rachel, Dabrera, Gavin, Elliot, Alex, Ellis, Joanna, Ferreira, Filipa, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Okusi, Cecilia, Ramsay, Mary, Sherlock, Julian, Smith, Gillian, Williams, John, Howsam, Gary, Zambon, Maria, Joy, Mark, and Hobbs, F D Richard

Published
2020
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26. A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023.

Author

Cogdale, Jade, Kele, Beatrix, Myers, Richard, Harvey, Ruth, Lofts, Abi, Mikaiel, Tanya, Hoschler, Katja, Banyard, Ashley C., James, Joe, Mollett, Benjamin C., Byrne, Alexander M. P., Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Watson, Conall H., Chand, Meera, Welfare, William, Williamson, Deborah A., Oliver, Isabel, Padfield, Simon, Lee, Andrew, and Calvert, Suzanne

Published
2024
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28. High attack rate in a large care home outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86, East of England, August 2023

Author

Reeve, Lucy, primary, Tessier, Elise, additional, Trindall, Amy, additional, Abdul Aziz, Nurin Iwani Binti, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Futschik, Matthias, additional, Rayner, Jessica, additional, Didier’Serre, Alexis, additional, Hams, Rebecca, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Gallagher, Eileen, additional, Graham, Rachael, additional, Kele, Beatrix, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Fowler, Tom, additional, Blandford, Edward, additional, Mahgoub, Hamid, additional, Hoffmann, Jorg, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Sharp, Ashley, additional, Heinsbroek, Ellen, additional, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional

Published
2023
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30. Post-pandemic development of sentinel surveillance of respiratory disease, in the context of the WHO mosaic framework: protocol for the English primary care network 2023-2024 (Preprint)

Author

Gu, Xinchun, primary, Watson, Conall, additional, Agrawal, Utkarsh, additional, Whitaker, Heather, additional, Elson, William Hamilton, additional, Anand, Sneha, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Buckingham, Anna, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Curtis, Lottie, additional, Dunn, Dominic, additional, Elliot, Alex, additional, Ferreira, Filipa, additional, Goudie, Rosalind, additional, Hoang, Uy, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Jamie, Gavin, additional, Kar, Debasish, additional, Kele, Beatrix, additional, Leston, Meredith, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Macartney, Jack, additional, Marsden, Gemma L, additional, Okusi, Cecilia, additional, Parvizi, Omid, additional, Quinot, Catherine, additional, Sebastian Pillai, Praveen, additional, Sexton, Vanashree, additional, Smith, Gillian, additional, Suli, Timea, additional, Thomas, Nick, additional, Thompson, Catherine, additional, Todkill, Daniel, additional, Wimalaratna, Rashmi, additional, Inada-Kim, Matthew, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Tzortziou-Brown, Victoria, additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, and de Lusignan, Simon, additional

Published
2023
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31. Postpandemic Sentinel Surveillance of Respiratory Diseases in the Context of the World Health Organization Mosaic Framework: Protocol for a Development and Evaluation Study Involving the English Primary Care Network 2023-2024 (Preprint)

Author

Gu, Xinchun, primary, Watson, Conall, additional, Agrawal, Utkarsh, additional, Whitaker, Heather, additional, Elson, William H., additional, Anand, Sneha, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Buckingham, Anna, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Curtis, Lottie, additional, Dunn, Dominic, additional, Elliot, Alex J., additional, Ferreira, Filipa, additional, Goudie, Rosalind, additional, Hoang, Uy, additional, Hoschler, Katja, additional, Jamie, Gavin, additional, Kar, Debasish, additional, Kele, Beatrix, additional, Leston, Meredith, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Macartney, Jack, additional, Marsden, Gemma L, additional, Okusi, Cecilia, additional, Parvizi, Omid, additional, Quinot, Catherine, additional, Sebastianpillai, Praveen, additional, Sexton, Vanashree, additional, Smith, Gillian, additional, Suli, Timea, additional, Thomas, Nicholas P B, additional, Thompson, Catherine, additional, Todkill, Daniel, additional, Wimalaratna, Rashmi, additional, Inada-Kim, Matthew, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Tzortziou-Brown, Victoria, additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, and de Lusignan, Simon, additional

Published
2023
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32. Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and comparative odds of hospital admission and severe outcomes with BQ.1, CH.1.1. and XBB.1.5 in England.

Author

Kirsebom, Freja C M, primary, Harman, Katie, additional, Lunt, Rachel J, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Aziz, Nurin Iwani Binti Abdul, additional, Hope, Russell, additional, Stowe, Julia, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional

Published
2023
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34. Influenza and Respiratory Virus Surveillance, Vaccine Uptake, and Effectiveness at a Time of Cocirculating COVID-19: Protocol for the English Primary Care Sentinel System for 2020-2021

Author

de Lusignan, Simon, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Byford, Rachel, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Ferreira, Filipa, Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi, Andrews, Nick, Campbell, Helen, Dabrera, Gavin, Deeks, Alexandra, Elliot, Alex J, Krajenbrink, Else, Liyanage, Harshana, McGagh, Dylan, Okusi, Cecilia, Parimalanathan, Vaishnavi, Ramsay, Mary, Smith, Gillian, Tripathy, Manasa, Williams, John, Victor, William, Zambon, Maria, Howsam, Gary, Nicholson, Brian David, Tzortziou Brown, Victoria, Butler, Christopher C, Joy, Mark, and Hobbs, FD Richard

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe Oxford–Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) are commencing their 54th season of collaboration at a time when SARS-CoV-2 infections are likely to be cocirculating with the usual winter infections. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to conduct surveillance of influenza and other monitored respiratory conditions and to report on vaccine uptake and effectiveness using nationally representative surveillance data extracted from primary care computerized medical records systems. We also aim to have general practices collect virology and serology specimens and to participate in trials and other interventional research. MethodsThe RCGP RSC network comprises over 1700 general practices in England and Wales. We will extract pseudonymized data twice weekly and are migrating to a system of daily extracts. First, we will collect pseudonymized, routine, coded clinical data for the surveillance of monitored and unexpected conditions; data on vaccine exposure and adverse events of interest; and data on approved research study outcomes. Second, we will provide dashboards to give general practices feedback about levels of care and data quality, as compared to other network practices. We will focus on collecting data on influenza-like illness, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and suspected COVID-19. Third, approximately 300 practices will participate in the 2020-2021 virology and serology surveillance; this will include responsive surveillance and long-term follow-up of previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. Fourth, member practices will be able to recruit volunteer patients to trials, including early interventions to improve COVID-19 outcomes and point-of-care testing. Lastly, the legal basis for our surveillance with PHE is Regulation 3 of the Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002; other studies require appropriate ethical approval. ResultsThe RCGP RSC network has tripled in size; there were previously 100 virology practices and 500 practices overall in the network and we now have 322 and 1724, respectively. The Oxford–RCGP Clinical Informatics Digital Hub (ORCHID) secure networks enable the daily analysis of the extended network; currently, 1076 practices are uploaded. We are implementing a central swab distribution system for patients self-swabbing at home in addition to in-practice sampling. We have converted all our primary care coding to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) coding. Throughout spring and summer 2020, the network has continued to collect specimens in preparation for the winter or for any second wave of COVID-19 cases. We have collected 5404 swabs and detected 623 cases of COVID-19 through extended virological sampling, and 19,341 samples have been collected for serology. This shows our preparedness for the winter season. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a groundswell of general practices joining our network. It has also created a permissive environment in which we have developed the capacity and capability of the national primary care surveillance systems and our unique public health institute, the RCGP and University of Oxford collaboration.

Published
2021
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35. The Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub: Protocol to Develop Extended COVID-19 Surveillance and Trial Platforms

Author

de Lusignan, Simon, Jones, Nicholas, Dorward, Jienchi, Byford, Rachel, Liyanage, Harshana, Briggs, John, Ferreira, Filipa, Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Bates, Chris, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Dabrera, Gavin, Eavis, Alex, Elliot, Alex J, Feher, Michael, Krajenbrink, Else, Hoang, Uy, Howsam, Gary, Leach, Jonathan, Okusi, Cecilia, Nicholson, Brian, Nieri, Philip, Sherlock, Julian, Smith, Gillian, Thomas, Mark, Thomas, Nicholas, Tripathy, Manasa, Victor, William, Williams, John, Wood, Ian, Zambon, Maria, Parry, John, O’Hanlon, Shaun, Joy, Mark, Butler, Chris, Marshall, Martin, and Hobbs, FD Richard

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundRoutinely recorded primary care data have been used for many years by sentinel networks for surveillance. More recently, real world data have been used for a wider range of research projects to support rapid, inexpensive clinical trials. Because the partial national lockdown in the United Kingdom due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in decreasing community disease incidence, much larger numbers of general practices are needed to deliver effective COVID-19 surveillance and contribute to in-pandemic clinical trials. ObjectiveThe aim of this protocol is to describe the rapid design and development of the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub (ORCHID) and its first two platforms. The Surveillance Platform will provide extended primary care surveillance, while the Trials Platform is a streamlined clinical trials platform that will be integrated into routine primary care practice. MethodsWe will apply the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) metadata principles to a new, integrated digital health hub that will extract routinely collected general practice electronic health data for use in clinical trials and provide enhanced communicable disease surveillance. The hub will be findable through membership in Health Data Research UK and European metadata repositories. Accessibility through an online application system will provide access to study-ready data sets or developed custom data sets. Interoperability will be facilitated by fixed linkage to other key sources such as Hospital Episodes Statistics and the Office of National Statistics using pseudonymized data. All semantic descriptors (ie, ontologies) and code used for analysis will be made available to accelerate analyses. We will also make data available using common data models, starting with the US Food and Drug Administration Sentinel and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership approaches, to facilitate international studies. The Surveillance Platform will provide access to data for health protection and promotion work as authorized through agreements between Oxford, the Royal College of General Practitioners, and Public Health England. All studies using the Trials Platform will go through appropriate ethical and other regulatory approval processes. ResultsThe hub will be a bottom-up, professionally led network that will provide benefits for member practices, our health service, and the population served. Data will only be used for SQUIRE (surveillance, quality improvement, research, and education) purposes. We have already received positive responses from practices, and the number of practices in the network has doubled to over 1150 since February 2020. COVID-19 surveillance has resulted in tripling of the number of virology sites to 293 (target 300), which has aided the collection of the largest ever weekly total of surveillance swabs in the United Kingdom as well as over 3000 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology samples. Practices are recruiting to the PRINCIPLE (Platform Randomised trial of INterventions against COVID-19 In older PeopLE) trial, and these participants will be followed up through ORCHID. These initial outputs demonstrate the feasibility of ORCHID to provide an extended national digital health hub. ConclusionsORCHID will provide equitable and innovative use of big data through a professionally led national primary care network and the application of FAIR principles. The secure data hub will host routinely collected general practice data linked to other key health care repositories for clinical trials and support enhanced in situ surveillance without always requiring large volume data extracts. ORCHID will support rapid data extraction, analysis, and dissemination with the aim of improving future research and development in general practice to positively impact patient care. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/19773

Published
2020
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36. Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England

Author

de Lusignan, Simon, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Zambon, Maria, Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Andrews, Nick, Borrow, Ray, Byford, Rachel, Charlett, André, Dabrera, Gavin, Ellis, Joanna, Elliot, Alex J, Feher, Michael, Ferreira, Filipa, Krajenbrink, Else, Leach, Jonathan, Linley, Ezra, Liyanage, Harshana, Okusi, Cecilia, Ramsay, Mary, Smith, Gillian, Sherlock, Julian, Thomas, Nicholas, Tripathy, Manasa, Williams, John, Howsam, Gary, Joy, Mark, and Hobbs, Richard

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics. With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19. At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy. ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy. MethodsThe RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly. This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19. Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this. (2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care. (3) Serology sample collection across all age groups. This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test. The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance. (4) Collecting convalescent serum samples. (5) Data curation. We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed. Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories. ResultsGeneral practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance. Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs. Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling. ConclusionsWe have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy. The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported. Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/18606

Published
2020
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38. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 against SARS-CoV-2 household transmission: a prospective cohort study in England

Author

Clifford, Samuel, primary, Waight, Pauline, additional, Hackman, Jada, additional, Hué, Stephane, additional, Gower, Charlotte M., additional, Kirsebom, Freja CM, additional, Skarnes, Catriona, additional, Letley, Louise, additional, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Flasche, Stefan, additional, and Miller, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2023
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39. Comparative transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and the impact of vaccination: national cohort study, England

Author

Allen, Hester, primary, Tessier, Elise, additional, Turner, Charlie, additional, Anderson, Charlotte, additional, Blomquist, Paula, additional, Simons, David, additional, Løchen, Alessandra, additional, Jarvis, Christopher I., additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Capelastegui, Fernando, additional, Flannagan, Joe, additional, Zaidi, Asad, additional, Chen, Cong, additional, Rawlinson, Christopher, additional, Hughes, Gareth J., additional, Chudasama, Dimple, additional, Nash, Sophie, additional, Thelwall, Simon, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Charlett, André, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, and Lamagni, Theresa, additional

Published
2023
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40. Representativeness, Vaccination Uptake, and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2020-2021 in the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Network: Cohort Profile Summary

Author

Leston, Meredith, primary, Elson, William H, additional, Watson, Conall, additional, Lakhani, Anissa, additional, Aspden, Carole, additional, Bankhead, Clare R, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Elliot, Alex J, additional, Fan, Xuejuan, additional, Hoang, Uy, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Macartney, Jack, additional, Nicholson, Brian D, additional, Okusi, Cecilia, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Smith, Gillian, additional, Smith, Sue, additional, Thomas, Mark, additional, Todkill, Dan, additional, Tsang, Ruby SM, additional, Victor, William, additional, Williams, Alice J, additional, Williams, John, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Howsam, Gary, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Hobbs, F D Richard, additional, and de Lusignan, Simon, additional

Published
2022
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41. Protection against symptomatic infection with delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.1 and BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 variants after previous infection and vaccination in adolescents in England, August, 2021–March, 2022: a national, observational, test-negative, case-control study

Author

Powell, Annabel A, primary, Kirsebom, Freja, additional, Stowe, Julia, additional, Ramsay, Mary E, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, and Ladhani, Shamez N, additional

Published
2022
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45. Hospitalization and Mortality Risk for COVID-19 Cases With SARS-CoV-2 AY.4.2 (VUI-21OCT-01) Compared to Non-AY.4.2 Delta Variant Sublineages

Author

Nyberg, Tommy, Harman, Katie, Zaidi, Asad, Seaman, Shaun R, Andrews, Nick, Nash, Sophie G, Charlett, Andre, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Myers, Richard, Groves, Natalie, Gallagher, Eileen, Gharbia, Saheer, Chand, Meera, Thelwall, Simon, De Angelis, Daniela, Dabrera, Gavin, Presanis, Anne M, Nyberg, Tommy [0000-0002-9436-0626], Harman, Katie [0000-0003-1387-0200], Zaidi, Asad [0000-0002-6420-2539], Seaman, Shaun R [0000-0003-3726-5937], Andrews, Nick [0000-0003-2069-2684], Nash, Sophie G [0000-0002-7717-6982], Charlett, Andre [0000-0001-7154-0432], Lopez Bernal, Jamie [0000-0002-1301-5653], Myers, Richard [0000-0003-4269-1164], Groves, Natalie [0000-0002-3832-3484], Gharbia, Saheer [0000-0003-0206-051X], Chand, Meera [0000-0001-9697-0340], Thelwall, Simon [0000-0002-0434-2724], De Angelis, Daniela [0000-0001-6619-6112], Dabrera, Gavin [0000-0003-4606-5945], Presanis, Anne M [0000-0003-3078-4427], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, VUI-21OCT-01, SARS-CoV-2, AY.4.2, Immunology and Allergy, COVID-19, Humans, mortality, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Funder: NIHR Health Protection Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, To investigate if the AY.4.2 sublineage of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant is associated with hospitalization and mortality risks that differ from non-AY.4.2 delta risks, we performed a retrospective cohort study of sequencing-confirmed COVID-19 cases in England based on linkage of routine health care datasets. Using stratified Cox regression, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of hospital admission (aHR = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], .77-.94), hospital admission or emergency care attendance (aHR = 0.87; 95% CI, .81-.94), and COVID-19 mortality (aHR = 0.85; 95% CI, .71-1.03). The results indicate that the risks of hospitalization and mortality are similar or lower for AY.4.2 compared to cases with other delta sublineages.

Published
2021

46. Representativeness, vaccination uptake and COVID clinical outcomes 2020-21 in the UK’s Oxford-RCGP Research and Surveillance Network: cohort profile. (Preprint)

Author

Leston, Meredith, primary, Elson, William H, additional, Watson, Conall, additional, Lakhani, Anissa, additional, Aspden, Carole, additional, Bankhead, Clare R, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Elliot, Alex J, additional, Fan, Xuejuan, additional, Hoang, Uy, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Macartney, Jack, additional, Nicholson, Brian D, additional, Okusi, Cecilia, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Smith, Gillian, additional, Smith, Sue, additional, Thomas, Mark, additional, Todkill, Dan, additional, Tsang, Ruby RS, additional, Victor, William, additional, Williams, Alice, additional, Williams, John, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Howsam, Gary, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Hobbs, FD Richard, additional, and de Lusignan, Simon, additional

Published
2022
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47. Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and immune response amongst individuals in clinical risk groups

Author

Whitaker, Heather J., primary, Tsang, Ruby S.M., additional, Byford, Rachel, additional, Andrews, Nick J., additional, Sherlock, Julian, additional, Sebastian Pillai, Praveen, additional, Williams, John, additional, Button, Elizabeth, additional, Campbell, Helen, additional, Sinnathamby, Mary, additional, Victor, William, additional, Anand, Sneha, additional, Linley, Ezra, additional, Hewson, Jacqueline, additional, DArchangelo, Silvia, additional, Otter, Ashley D., additional, Ellis, Joanna, additional, Hobbs, Richard F.D., additional, Howsam, Gary, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, de Lusignan, Simon, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional

Published
2022
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48. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 against COVID-19 in adolescents

Author

Powell, Annabel A, primary, Kirsebom, Freja, additional, Stowe, Julia, additional, McOwat, Kelsey, additional, Saliba, Vanessa, additional, Ramsay, Mary E, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, and Ladhani, Shamez N, additional

Published
2022
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50. Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant

Author

Andrews, Nick, primary, Stowe, Julia, additional, Kirsebom, Freja, additional, Toffa, Samuel, additional, Rickeard, Tim, additional, Gallagher, Eileen, additional, Gower, Charlotte, additional, Kall, Meaghan, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, O’Connell, Anne-Marie, additional, Simons, David, additional, Blomquist, Paula B., additional, Zaidi, Asad, additional, Nash, Sophie, additional, Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin, additional, Thelwall, Simon, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Myers, Richard, additional, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, additional, Gharbia, Saheer, additional, Barrett, Jeffrey C., additional, Elson, Richard, additional, Ladhani, Shamez N., additional, Ferguson, Neil, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Campbell, Colin N.J., additional, Brown, Kevin, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, and Lopez Bernal, Jamie, additional

Published
2022
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