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1. CO2 in the atmosphere of Mars depleted in 13C

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Faggi, Sara, Trompet, Loïc, Neary, Lori, Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Masiello, Guido, Serio, Carmine, Thomas, Ian R., Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Ristic, Bojan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Published
2024
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2. Machine Learning for automatic identification of new minor species

Author

Schmidt, Frederic, Mermy, Guillaume Cruz, Erwin, Justin, Robert, Severine, Neary, Lori, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, and Vandaele, Ann-Carine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

One of the main difficulties to analyze modern spectroscopic datasets is due to the large amount of data. For example, in atmospheric transmittance spectroscopy, the solar occultation channel (SO) of the NOMAD instrument onboard the ESA ExoMars2016 satellite called Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) had produced $\sim$10 millions of spectra in 20000 acquisition sequences since the beginning of the mission in April 2018 until 15 January 2020. Other datasets are even larger with $\sim$billions of spectra for OMEGA onboard Mars Express or CRISM onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Usually, new lines are discovered after a long iterative process of model fitting and manual residual analysis. Here we propose a new method based on unsupervised machine learning, to automatically detect new minor species. Although precise quantification is out of scope, this tool can also be used to quickly summarize the dataset, by giving few endmembers ("source") and their abundances. We approximate the dataset non-linearity by a linear mixture of abundance and source spectra (endmembers). We used unsupervised source separation in form of non-negative matrix factorization to estimate those quantities. Several methods are tested on synthetic and simulation data. Our approach is dedicated to detect minor species spectra rather than precisely quantifying them. On synthetic example, this approach is able to detect chemical compounds present in form of 100 hidden spectra out of $10^4$, at 1.5 times the noise level. Results on simulated spectra of NOMAD-SO targeting CH$_{4}$ show that detection limits goes in the range of 100-500 ppt in favorable conditions. Results on real martian data from NOMAD-SO show that CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O are present, as expected, but CH$_{4}$ is absent. Nevertheless, we confirm a set of new unexpected lines in the database, attributed by ACS instrument Team to the CO$_{2}$ magnetic dipole., Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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3. Strong variability of Martian water ice clouds during dust storms revealed from ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/NOMAD

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Crismani, Matteo M. J., Smith, Michael D., Mumma, Michael J., Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Clancy, R. Todd, Erwin, Justin, Thomas, Ian, Ristic, Bojan, Lopez-Moreno, José-Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, and Patel, Manish R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of water ice clouds and aerosols on Mars can provide important insights into the complexity of the water cycle. Recent observations have indicated an important link between dust activity and the water cycle, as intense dust activity can significantly raise the hygropause, and subsequently increase the escape of water after dissociation in the upper atmosphere. Here present observations from NOMAD/TGO that investigate the variation of water ice clouds in the perihelion season of Mars Year 34 (April 2018-19), their diurnal and seasonal behavior, and the vertical structure and microphysical properties of water ice and dust. These observations reveal the recurrent presence of a layer of mesospheric water ice clouds subsequent to the 2018 Global Dust Storm. We show that this layer rose from 45 to 80 km in altitude on a timescale of days from heating in the lower atmosphere due to the storm. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a strong dawn dusk asymmetry in water ice abundance, related to nighttime nucleation and subsequent daytime sublimation. Water ice particle sizes are retrieved consistently and exhibit sharp vertical gradients (from 0.1 to 4.0 um), as well as mesospheric differences between the Global Dust Storm (<0.5 um) and the 2019 regional dust storm (1.0 um), which suggests differing water ice nucleation efficiencies. These results form the basis to advance our understanding of mesospheric water ice clouds on Mars, and further constrain the interactions between water ice and dust in the middle atmosphere., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. 36 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Published
2019
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4. Methane on Mars: New insights into the sensitivity of CH4 with the NOMAD/ExoMars spectrometer through its first in-flight calibration

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Thomas, Ian, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Patel, Manish R., Lopez-Moreno, José-Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, and team, the NOMAD

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument (NOMAD), onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) spacecraft was conceived to observe Mars in solar occultation, nadir, and limb geometries, and will be able to produce an outstanding amount of diverse data, mostly focused on properties of the atmosphere. The infrared channels of the instrument operate by combining an echelle grating spectrometer with an Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF). Using in-flight data, we characterized the instrument performance and parameterized its calibration. In particular: an accurate frequency calibration was achieved, together with its variability due to thermal effects on the grating. The AOTF properties and transfer function were also quantified, and we developed and tested a realistic method to compute the spectral continuum transmitted through the coupled grating + AOTF system. The calibration results enabled unprecedented insights into the important problem of the sensitivity of NOMAD to methane abundances in the atmosphere. We also deeply characterized its performance under realistic conditions of varying aerosol abundances, diverse albedos and changing illumination conditions as foreseen over the nominal mission. The results show that, in low aerosol conditions, NOMAD single spectrum, 1-sigma sensitivity to CH4 is around 0.33 ppbv at 20 km of altitude when performing solar occultations, and better than 1 ppbv below 30 km. In dusty conditions, we show that the sensitivity drops to 0 below 10 km. In Nadir geometry, results demonstrate that NOMAD will be able to produce seasonal maps of CH4 with a sensitivity around 5 ppbv over most of planet's surface with spatial integration over 5x5 degrees bins. Results show also that such numbers can be improved by a factor of 10 to 30 by data binning. Overall, our results quantify NOMAD's capability to address the variable aspects of Martian climate.

Published
2018
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5. Models of Rosetta/OSIRIS 67P dust coma phase function

Author

Moreno, Fernando, Guirado, Daniel, Muñoz, Olga, Bertini, Ivano, Tubiana, Cecilia, Guttler, Carsten, Fulle, Marco, Rotundi, Alessandra, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Ivanovski, Stavro, Rinaldi, Giovanna, Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique, Zakharov, Vladimir, Agarwal, Jessica, Mottola, Stefano, Toth, Imre, Frattin, Elisa, Lara, Luisa, Gutierrez, Pedro, Lin, Zhong Yi, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Sierks, Holger, Naletto, Giampiero, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Davidsson, Bjorn, Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Bertaux, Jean-Lup, Bodewits, Dennis, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, Stefano, de Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Ip, Wing, Keller, Uwe, Lazzarin, Monica, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, Marzari, Francesco, and Shi, Xian

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The phase function of the dust coma of comet 67P has been determined from Rosetta/OSIRIS images \citep{Bertini17}. This function show a deep minimum at phase angles near 100$^\circ$, and a strong backscattering enhancement. These two properties cannot be reproduced by regular models of cometary dust, most of them based on wavelength-sized and randomly-oriented aggregate particles. We show, however, that an ensamble of oriented elongated particles of a wide variety of aspect ratios, with radii $r \gtrsim$10 $\mu$m, and whose long axes are perpendicular to the direction of the solar radiation, are capable of reproducing the observed phase function. These particles must be absorbing, with an imaginary part of the refractive index of about 0.1 to match the expected geometric albedo, and with porosity in the 60-70\% range., Comment: Accepted by Astronomical Journal, September 26th, 2018. 21 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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7. Calibration of the NOMAD-UVIS data

Author

Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Mason, Jonathon P., Thomas, Ian R., Patel, Manish R., Hathi, Brijen, Leese, Mark R., Bolsée, David, Wolff, Michael J., Trompet, Loïc, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Piccialli, Arianna, Aoki, Shohei, Ristic, Bojan, Neefs, Eddy, Beeckman, Bram, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Mahieux, Arnaud, Pereira, Nuno, Robert, Séverine, Viscardy, Sébastien, Wilquet, Valérie, Daerden, Frank, Lopez-Moreno, José Juan, and Bellucci, Giancarlo

Published
2022
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8. Removal of straylight from ExoMars NOMAD-UVIS observations

Author

Mason, Jonathon P., Patel, Manish R., Leese, Mark R., Hathi, Brijen G., Willame, Yannick, Thomas, Ian R., Wolff, Michael J., Depiesse, Cédric, Holmes, James A., Sellers, Graham, Marriner, Charlotte, Ristic, Bojan, Daerden, Frank, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Published
2022
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9. Calibration of NOMAD on ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter: Part 2 – The Limb, Nadir and Occultation (LNO) channel

Author

Thomas, Ian R., Aoki, Shohei, Trompet, Loïc, Robert, Séverine, Depiesse, Cédric, Willame, Yannick, Cruz-Mermy, Guillaume, Schmidt, Frédéric, Erwin, Justin T., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Mahieux, Arnaud, Neefs, Eddy, Ristic, Bojan, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Beeckman, Bram, Patel, Manish R., Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, and Bellucci, Giancarlo

Published
2022
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11. Comprehensive investigation of Mars methane and organics with ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Knutsen, Elise W., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Crismani, Matteo M.J., Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loic, Neary, Lori, Ristic, Bojan, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, Patel, Manish R., Karatekin, Ozgur, and Bellucci, Giancarlo

Published
2021
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14. Observations and ongoing calibration of the infrared channels of NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Thomas, Ian, primary, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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15. Dust climatology from NOMAD UVIS channel

Author

flimon, zachary, primary, erwin, justin, additional, vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Neary, lori, additional, piccialli, arianna, additional, trompet, loic, additional, willame, yannick, additional, bauduin, sophie, additional, daerden, frank, additional, thomas, ian, additional, ristic, bojan, additional, mason, jon, additional, depiesse, cedric, additional, patel, manish, additional, bellucci, giancarlo, additional, and lopez moreno, jose juan, additional

Published
2022
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16. Minimum Noise Fraction analysis of ExoMars/TGO-NOMAD LNO channel nadir data: SNR enhancement and application

Author

Oliva, Fabrizio, primary, D'Aversa, Emiliano, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Carrozzo, Filippo Giacomo, additional, Ruiz Lozano, Luca, additional, Karatekin, Ozgur, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, and Sindoni, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2022
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17. Two Martian years at Mars: Observations by NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Gérard, Jean-Claude, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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18. Ozone in the Martian atmosphere observed by TGO/NOMAD-UVIS solar occultations

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Määttänen, Anni, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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19. Mars water vapor vertical distributions from the troposphere to the mesosphere from NOMAD Solar Occultation for Martian Years 34 and 35

Author

Brines, Adrian, primary, Lopez Valverde, Miguel Ángel, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, additional, Modak, Ashim, additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, Gonzalez Galindo, Francisco, additional, Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Villanueva, Gerónimo Luis, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, and Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional

Published
2022
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20. Vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature and density from the solar occultation instruments NOMAD and ACS on board the Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, primary, Funke, Bernd, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, additional, Modak, Ashimananda, additional, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Villanueva, Gerónimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Trokhimovsky, Alexander, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, and Montmessin, Franck, additional

Published
2022
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21. Mapping of Martian CO from NOMAD solar occultation measurements for MY35 and 36

Author

Modak, Ashimananda, primary, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel-Angel, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurelien, additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional, Aoki, Shohe, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Yoshida, Nao, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, and Montmessin, Franck, additional

Published
2022
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22. The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD

Author

Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Brines, Adrian, Thomas, Ian R., Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, Trompet, Loic, Erwin, Justin, Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Smith, Michael D., Mumma, Michael J., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose Juan, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Subjects
History, Geophysics, Atmosphere, Mars, Water, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Polar
Abstract

We report vertical profiles of water and D/H for one Martian year as measured with the TGO/NOMAD instrument. The observations were performed via solar occultation, providing water profiles up to ∼100 km and D/H up to ∼60 km, with a vertical resolution of 1–2 km. The measurements reveal dramatic variability of water and D/H over short timescales and with altitude and location on the planet. We investigated the release of seasonal water from the polar caps during southern and northern summer, by mapping water and its D/H near the polar regions. Above the hygropause, the D/H drops substantially below 2 VSMOW, and both seasonal polar caps show a consistent and enriched D/H of 5–7 VSMOW within the hygrosphere. © 2022 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., This work was supported by NASA’s Mars Program Office under WBS 604796, “Participation in the TGO/NOMAD Investigation of Trace Gases on Mars.” ExoMars is a space mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (The Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER) and by the Spanish Science Ministry Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program under grant SEV-2017-0709, as well as by the UK Space Agency through grants ST/V002295/1, ST/V005332/1, and ST/S00145X/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (grant number 30442502, ET_HOME) and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 101004052, RoadMap project). SR thanks BELSPO for the FED-tWIN funding (Prf-2019-077 - RT-MOLEXO).

Published
2022

23. The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD

Author

Villanueva, Geronimo L., primary, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Stone, Shane W., additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Mumma, Michael J., additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Kofman, Vincent, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2022
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24. Impact of gradients at the Martian terminator on the retrieval of ozone from TGO/NOMAD-UVIS

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Viscardy, Sebastian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon P., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Mike, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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25. First Detection and Thermal Characterization of Terminator CO 2 Ice Clouds With ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, primary, Villanueva, Geronimo L., additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Crismani, Matteo M. J., additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Clancy, R. Todd, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose‐Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2021
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26. Retrieval of Martian CO vertical profiles from NOMAD solar occultation measurements

Author

Modak, Ashimananda, primary, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, Hill, Brittany, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurelien, additional, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, additional, Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Patel, Manish, additional

Published
2021
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27. Nadir retrieval of ice clouds and dust from NOMAD/UVIS on board Exomars TGO

Author

Willame, Yannick, primary, Mason, Jon, additional, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Wolff, Michael J., additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2021
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28. Martian water vapor vertical profiles from solar occultation measurements by NOMAD onboard TGO/ExoMars: H2O-Temperature retrievals with the IAA-KOPRA forward model

Author

Brines, Adrian, primary, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, additional, Modak, Ashimananda, additional, Hill, Brittany, additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, González-Galindo, Francisco, additional, Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Villanueva, Gerónimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, and Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional

Published
2021
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29. Calibration of the Nomad SO Channel on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter 

Author

Thomas, Ian, primary, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Funke, Bernd, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Patel, Manish, additional

Published
2021
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30. Relationship between the ozone and water vapour vertical profiles on Mars observed by NOMAD-TGO

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2021
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31. The Martian environment observed by NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Gérard, Jean-Claude, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2021
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32. Mars dust microphysical properties retrieval through TGO/NOMAD UVIS and LNO channels combined nadir datasets analysis

Author

Oliva, Fabrizio, primary, D'Aversa, Emiliano, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Carrozzo, Filippo Giacomo, additional, Karatekin, Ozgur, additional, Ruiz Lozano, Luca, additional, Altieri, Francesca, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, and Amoroso, Marilena, additional

Published
2021
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33. Ozone vertical profiles from TGO/NOMAD-UVIS: an inter-comparison of three retrieval schemes

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2021
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34. Transient HCl in the atmosphere of Mars

Author

Korablev, Oleg, primary, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay I., additional, Shakun, Alexey V., additional, Grigoriev, Alexey V., additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Abdenour, Irbah, additional, Lacombe, Gaetan, additional, Ivanov, Yury S., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Erwin, Justin T., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann C., additional

Published
2021
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35. Nadir retrieval of ice clouds, dust and ozone from NOMAD/UVIS on board Exomars TGO

Author

Willame, Yannick, primary, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Wolff, Michael J., additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2020
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36. NOMAD on ExoMars TGO: Data processing and public release via the ESA Planetary Science Archive

Author

Thomas, Ian, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2020
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37. Water vapor vertical profiles on Mars: Results from the first full Mars Year of TGO/NOMAD science operations

Author

Aoki, Shohei, primary, Vandaele, AnnCarine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Crismani, Matteo, additional, Clancy, Todd, additional, Smith, Micheal, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel-Angel, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2020
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38. On the detection of a high-altitude peak of atmospheric ozone by the NOMAD/UVIS onboard the ExoMars TGO

Author

Khayat, Alain, primary, Smith, Michael, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Vandaele, Anne C., additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2020
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39. NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter: One Martian year of observations

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2020
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40. Impact of gradients at the Martian terminator on the retrieval of ozone from TGO/NOMAD-UVIS

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon P., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2020
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41. CO2 and temperature retrievals in the Mars atmosphere from solar occultation by NOMAD-SO and ACS-MIR: performance and cross validation.

Author

Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, primary, Funke, Bernd, additional, Hill, Brittany, additional, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Alday Parejo, Juan, additional, Lopez-Puertas, Manuel, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Vandele, Ann Carine, additional, and Korablev, Oleg, additional

Published
2020
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43. Machine learning for automatic identification of new minor species

Author

Schmidt, Frédéric, primary, Cruz Mermy, Guillaume, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2020
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44. Retrievals of dust and ozone from NOMAD-UVIS

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon P., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2020
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45. First Detection and Thermal Characterization of Terminator CO2 Ice Clouds With ExoMars/NOMAD.

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Trompet, Loïc, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Piccialli, Arianna, Aoki, Shohei, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Smith, Michael D., Patel, Manish R., Lewis, Stephen R., Clancy, R. Todd, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose‐Juan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Subjects
ICE clouds, TRACE gases, MARTIAN atmosphere, ICE nuclei, UPPER atmosphere, FREEZING points
Abstract

We present observations of terminator CO2 ice clouds events in three groups: Equatorial dawn, Equatorial dusk (both between 20°S and 20°N) and Southern midlatitudes at dawn (45°S and 55°S east of Hellas Basin) with ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter's Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument. CO2 ice abundance is retrieved simultaneously with water ice, dust, and particle sizes, and rotational temperature and CO2 column profiles in 16 of 26 cases. Small particles (<0.5 μm) prevail at dusk, while water ice likely provides most source nuclei at dawn. Clouds east of Hellas are found to be dominantly nucleated on surface‐lifted dust. CO2 ice is sometimes detected in unsaturated air together with dust nuclei at dawn, suggesting ongoing sublimation. Depending on latitude and local time, the interplay between particle precipitation and the lifetime of temperature minima (i.e., cold pockets) determines CO2 ice properties. Plain Language Summary: The upper atmosphere of Mars is characterized by the seasonal presence of CO2 ice clouds. Their properties have been long studied, as well as their formation mechanisms in relation to the thermal structure of the atmosphere and its variability. In this study, we present the first observations of these clouds at the terminator (dawn and dusk) by the NOMAD spectrometer onboard the Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter. CO2 ice is detected simultaneously with dust, water ice and the temperature profile. Our results agree with previous findings in terms of how clouds are spatially distributed and their temporal occurrence. However, we also explore the sources of condensation nuclei for CO2 ice particles, showing that water ice is a possible source at dawn near the Equator. We also identify surface‐lifted dust below the CO2 ice clouds observed east of Hellas Basin, suggesting that, at that location, dust could provide nuclei for CO2 ice. CO2 ice is also sometimes detected at temperatures higher than the CO2 freezing point, suggesting ongoing sublimation. In this work we explore for the first time the composition of CO2 ice clouds, which is critical to advance our understanding of how CO2 ice clouds form in the mesosphere at Mars. Key Points: Twenty Six mesospheric CO2 ice clouds were detected with NOMAD SO in Mars Year 35, simultaneously with water ice, dust, and CO2 saturation ratiosEquatorial CO2 clouds are observed at 50–80 km altitude at dusk, and 40–60 km at dawn, when water ice likely provides condensation nucleiSix CO2 ice clouds are found east of Hellas basin; their formation is likely sourced by surface‐lifted dust at 40–65 km [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. NOMAD spectrometer on the ExoMars trace gas orbiter mission: part 2—design, manufacturing, and testing of the ultraviolet and visible channel

Author

Patel, Manish R., primary, Antoine, Philippe, additional, Mason, Jonathon, additional, Leese, Mark, additional, Hathi, Brijen, additional, Stevens, Adam H., additional, Dawson, Daniel, additional, Gow, Jason, additional, Ringrose, Timothy, additional, Holmes, James, additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Beghuin, Didier, additional, van Donink, Philip, additional, Ligot, Renaud, additional, Dewandel, Jean-Luc, additional, Hu, Daohua, additional, Bates, Doug, additional, Cole, Richard, additional, Drummond, Rachel, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Neefs, Eddy, additional, Equeter, Eddy, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Berkenbosch, Sophie, additional, Bolsée, David, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Lesschaeve, Stefan, additional, De Vos, Lieve, additional, Van Vooren, Nico, additional, Thibert, Tanguy, additional, Mazy, Emmanuel, additional, Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio, additional, Morales, Rafael, additional, Candini, Gian Paolo, additional, Pastor-Morales, M. Carmen, additional, Sanz, Rosario, additional, Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz, additional, Jeronimo-Zafra, José-Maria, additional, Gómez-López, Juan Manuel, additional, Alonso-Rodrigo, Gustavo, additional, Pérez-Grande, Isabel, additional, Cubas, Javier, additional, Gomez-Sanjuan, Alejandro M., additional, Navarro-Medina, Fermín, additional, BenMoussa, Ali, additional, Giordanengo, Boris, additional, Gissot, Samuel, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2017
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47. Science objectives and performances of NOMAD, a spectrometer suite for the ExoMars TGO mission

Author

Vandaele, A. C, Neefs, E., Drummond, R., Thomas, I. R., Daerden, F., Lopez Moreno, J. J., Rodriguez, J., Patel, M. R., Bellucci, G., Allen, M., Altieri, F., Bolsée, D., Clancy, T., Delanoye, S., Depiesse, C., Cloutis, E., Fedorova, A., Formisano, V., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Geminale, A., Gérard, J. C., Giuranna, M., Ignatiev, N., Kaminski, J., Karatekin, O., Lefèvre, F., López Puertas, M., López Valverde, M., Mahieux, A., Mcconnell, J., Mumma, M., Neary, L., Renotte, E., Ristic, B., Robert, S., Smith, M., Trokhimovsky, S., Vanderauwera, J., Villanueva, G., Whiteway, J., Wilquet, V., Wolff, M., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish, Allen, Mark, Altieri, Francesca, Aoki, Shohei, Bolsée, David, Clancy, Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Daerden, Frank, Depiesse, Cédric, Fedorova, Anna, Formisano, Vittorio, Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Garcia Comas, Maya, Geminale, Anna, Gérard, Jean Claude, Gillotay, Didier, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez Galindo, Francisco, Ignatiev, Nicolai, Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Kasabe, Yasumasa, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López Puertas, Manuel, López Valverde, Miguel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Mike, Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Renotte, Etienne, Robert, Séverine, Sindoni, Giuseppe, Smith, Mike, Thomas, Ian R., Trokhimovsky, Sacha, Vander Auwera, Jean, Villanueva, Geronimo, Whiteway, Jim, Willame, Yannick, Wilquet, Valerie, Wolff, Mike, Alonso Rodrigo, Gustavo, Aparicio Del Moral, Beatriz, Barzin, Pascal, Ben Moussa, Ali, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Biondi, David, Bonnewijn, Sabrina, Candini, Gian Paolo, Clairquin, Roland, Cubas, Javier, Delanoye, Sofie, Giordanengo, Boris, Gissot, Samuel, Gomez, Alejandro, Zafra, Jose Jeronimo, Leese, Mark, Maes, Jeroen, Mazy, Emmanuel, Mazzoli, Alexandra, Meseguer, Jose, Morales, Rafael, Orban, Anne, Pastor Morales, Maria Del Carmen, Perez Grande, Isabel, Ristic, Bojan, Rodriguez Gomez, Julio, Saggin, Bortolino, Samain, Valérie, Sanz Andres, Angel, Sanz, Rosario, Simar, Juan Felipe, Thibert, Tanguy, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, York University [Toronto], Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Catholic University of America

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Solar, Occultation, law.invention, Orbiter, Mars atmosphere, law, Nadir, Aerosol, Observations, Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet, Remote sensing, Spectrometer, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Suite, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, ExoMars, Trace gas, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, Visible, Composition, Infrared, Methane, Occultation Nadir, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; The NOMAD spectrometer suite on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter will map the composition and distribution of Mars' atmospheric trace species in unprecedented detail, fulfilling many of the scientific objectives of the joint ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission. The instrument is a combination of three channels, covering a spectral range from the UV to the IR, and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this paper, we present the science objectives of the instrument and how these objectives have influenced the design of the channels. We also discuss the expected performance of the instrument in terms of coverage and detection sensitivity.

Published
2015

48. Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: First science results by Rosetta/OSIRIS

Author

Thomas, Nicolas, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Agarwal, Jessica, A Hearn, Michael, Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Capanna, Claire, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, Cecco, Mariolino, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, marco fulle, Gaskell, Robert, Groussin, Olivier, Güttler, Carsten, Gutierrez, Pedroj, Hviid, Stubbe, Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Keller, Horst Uwe, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Küppers, Michael, Laforgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa, Lazzarin, Monica, Leyrat, Cedric, Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, Lowry, Stephen, Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Sabau, Lola, Snodgrass, Colin, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, and Wenzel, Peter

Abstract

ESA's Rosetta mission arrived on August 6, 2014, at target comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko after 10 years of cruise. OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) is the scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta. It comprises a Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) for nucleus surface and dust studies and a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) for the wide field coma investigations.We present the first science results achieved by OSIRIS from the arrival at the comet throughout the mapping phase. The overview will cover surface morphology and activity of the nucleus as seen in gas, dust, and local jets.AcknowledgementsOSIRIS was built by a consortium led by the Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany, in collaboration with CISAS, University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Scientific Support Office of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politéchnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Rosetta Science Ground Segment at ESAC, the Rosetta Mission Operations Centre at ESOC and the Rosetta Project at ESTEC for their outstanding work enabling the science return of the Rosetta Mission.

Published
2014

49. First Detection and Thermal Characterization of Terminator CO2Ice Clouds With ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Trompet, Loïc, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Piccialli, Arianna, Aoki, Shohei, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Smith, Michael D., Patel, Manish R., Lewis, Stephen R., Clancy, R. Todd, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose‐Juan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Abstract

We present observations of terminator CO2ice clouds events in three groups: Equatorial dawn, Equatorial dusk (both between 20°S and 20°N) and Southern midlatitudes at dawn (45°S and 55°S east of Hellas Basin) with ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter's Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument. CO2ice abundance is retrieved simultaneously with water ice, dust, and particle sizes, and rotational temperature and CO2column profiles in 16 of 26 cases. Small particles (<0.5 μm) prevail at dusk, while water ice likely provides most source nuclei at dawn. Clouds east of Hellas are found to be dominantly nucleated on surface‐lifted dust. CO2ice is sometimes detected in unsaturated air together with dust nuclei at dawn, suggesting ongoing sublimation. Depending on latitude and local time, the interplay between particle precipitation and the lifetime of temperature minima (i.e., cold pockets) determines CO2ice properties. The upper atmosphere of Mars is characterized by the seasonal presence of CO2ice clouds. Their properties have been long studied, as well as their formation mechanisms in relation to the thermal structure of the atmosphere and its variability. In this study, we present the first observations of these clouds at the terminator (dawn and dusk) by the NOMAD spectrometer onboard the Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter. CO2ice is detected simultaneously with dust, water ice and the temperature profile. Our results agree with previous findings in terms of how clouds are spatially distributed and their temporal occurrence. However, we also explore the sources of condensation nuclei for CO2ice particles, showing that water ice is a possible source at dawn near the Equator. We also identify surface‐lifted dust below the CO2ice clouds observed east of Hellas Basin, suggesting that, at that location, dust could provide nuclei for CO2ice. CO2ice is also sometimes detected at temperatures higher than the CO2freezing point, suggesting ongoing sublimation. In this work we explore for the first time the composition of CO2ice clouds, which is critical to advance our understanding of how CO2ice clouds form in the mesosphere at Mars. Twenty Six mesospheric CO2ice clouds were detected with NOMAD SO in Mars Year 35, simultaneously with water ice, dust, and CO2saturation ratiosEquatorial CO2clouds are observed at 50–80 km altitude at dusk, and 40–60 km at dawn, when water ice likely provides condensation nucleiSix CO2ice clouds are found east of Hellas basin; their formation is likely sourced by surface‐lifted dust at 40–65 km Twenty Six mesospheric CO2ice clouds were detected with NOMAD SO in Mars Year 35, simultaneously with water ice, dust, and CO2saturation ratios Equatorial CO2clouds are observed at 50–80 km altitude at dusk, and 40–60 km at dawn, when water ice likely provides condensation nuclei Six CO2ice clouds are found east of Hellas basin; their formation is likely sourced by surface‐lifted dust at 40–65 km

Published
2021
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50. Impact of the 2018 Mars global dust storm on water vapour as observed by NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Aoki, Shohei, Depiesse, Cedric, Erwin, Justin, Neary, Lori, Piccialli, Arianna, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Severine, Trompet, Loïc, Viscardy, Sebastien, Willame, Yannick, Wilquet, Valerie, Altieri, Francesca, Smith, Michael, Villanueva, Geronimo, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, and Patel, Manish R.

Published
2019

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