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Spreadsheet-based tools provide a simple yet effective way of calculating values, which makes them the number-one choice for building and formalizing simple models for budget planning and many other applications.A cell in a spreadsheet holds one specific value and gives a discrete, overprecise view of the underlying model. Therefore, spreadsheets are of limited use when investigating the immanent uncertainties of such models and answering what-if questions. Existing extensions typically require a complex modeling process that cannot be smoothly embedded in a tabular layout.In Fuzzy Spreadsheet, a cell can hold and display the distribution of values. This integrated uncertainty handling immediately conveys sensitivity and robustness information. The fuzzification of the cells enables calculations not only with precise values but with distributions, and probabilities. We conservatively added and carefully crafted visuals to maintain the look and feel of a traditional spreadsheet while facilitating what-if analyses.Given a user-specified reference cell, Fuzzy Spreadsheet automatically extracts and visualizes contextually relevant information, such as impact, uncertainty, and degree of neighborhood, for the selected and related cells.To evaluate its usability and the perceived mental effort required, we conducted a user study.The results show that our approach outperforms traditional spreadsheets in terms of answer correctness, response time, and perceived mental effort for almost all tasks tested.

This article examines the ritual dynamics of virtual court hearings. While audio‐visual links for select court participants have been available for decades, in a virtual hearing all parties participate using a videoconferencing platform. Such hearings have proliferated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as courts around the world have rushed to develop remote justice options. Scholars and legal professionals have expressed a range of concerns about this development, not least that there are elements of physical courtroom rituals that cannot be rendered virtually. Drawing on two recent empirical examinations of virtual courts, I explore what these hearings look and feel like for participants. I focus on the relationship between the material and symbolic elements of a court ritual and the meaning and experience of virtual co‐presence. In some circumstances, traditional elements of court have been translated for a virtual space. In other ways, the ritual has been transformed. I conclude by discussing the limitations and potential of courts of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Law & Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an experimental effort to look and feel over our shoulder at a fairly traditional “gender diversity curriculum” that we assembled together over 2 years (Woolley & Airton, 2020). The b...

The research paper focuses on the impact of Virtual Reality Mirror on the Indian retail store, which is dependent on functions such as user experience, purchasing decision and demographic variables. The user experience is dependent on the immersive experience like VR mirror and the average time spent for the trial of clothes. The purchasing decision is dependent on look and feel of fabric, long queues in stores and average shopping time. The demographic variables used in the research are age and gender. A qualitative interview with an experiential store manager was conducted to get insights about the impact of immersive technologies on the retail industry. A survey was also conducted to gather the above-mentioned variables and trends were plotted graphically which depicted demographic sectors that can be targeted by retail stores to increase sales.

This paper explores the role of colour and visual weight in developing craftsential e-commerce platform for enhancing the patronage of Nigerian arts and crafts. The paper articulates the impressive embrace of e-commerce as a viable alternative to physical retail shopping. The graphic user interface of craftsential e-commerce platform developed to exclusively promote arts and crafts was explored vis-à-vis colours and visual weight of the sites visual indicators and icons. The study administered the questionnaires on three hundred and thirteen respondents constituting of e-commerce users, graphic designers/artists and programmers. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. Findings revealed that the colourful graphic user interface (look and feel) of e-commerce stores facilitates immersive shopping experience online and concise visual weight and direction in the atmospheric cue of e-commerce stores, enhancing navigation. The study recommended that makers and sellers of Nigerian crafts should explore the limitless opportunities offered by e-commerce to leverage an impressive market embrace of their products that transcend their geographical constrains. In addition, to stimulate shopper’s interest, the images of retailed craft works displayed on e-commerce stores should reflect the product merchandizing, clarity and attractiveness that enhance shopping experience.

Evolution of the internet has generated enough scope for marketspace in the past 10–15 years. This digital reform in the way businesses are conducted has generated a need to reexamine the factors influencing purchase intention in the context of the online platform. This paper provides an understanding of the designing of marketspace and purchase behavior in the context of most vulnerable digital natives—millennials. Data collected from Indian millennials were subjected to regression analysis, ANOVA and t-test. Findings reveal that millennials are using marketspace rationally and seeking functionality in their purchase with skepticism towards privacy. Also, marketspace should be designed keeping in mind its functionality rather than emphasizing on fun element of marketspace. Marketers who have designed their marketspace and invested in look and feel may need to motivate millennials to consider it as a deterministic attribute.

Geometry teaching in elementary schools in Colombia is a challenging task. Students’ problems with this topic have led to below-average performances in the Program of International Student Assessment. To face this challenge, this paper presents Akasha, a personalized software application to reinforce geometry teaching to elementary school children between 5 and 7 years old. Akasha provides ludic activities to identify and characterize polyhedra, polygons, and shape attributes. To further improve the experience, Akasha uses information about users to adjust the difficulty level, and to customize the look and feel of the application. To validate the approach, this study assessed student performance before and after using Akasha in three different schools (public and private) of Bogota (Colombia). The results suggest that the use of Akasha may have a positive impact on students’ learning, regardless of their social, economic, or technological background.

Today, lots of personalization can be done in applications or even websites. It is possible to change the look and feel, to group often used functionalities or to filter relevant information. To get the same behavior for security monitoring in large scaled enterprise companies, one aspect of the research project IUNO-iSOC is to develop a dashboard system where every user can create his own custom overview of all needed information. A second part IUNO-iSOC aims to handle the information overload a security analyst is faced by analyzing alerts of different types of security management systems. This paper adresses the mentioned problem and describes the way from collecting security data from different sources to the concept of supporting the users creating their own view to the data currently needed as well as dealing with lots of incoming security alerts.

Data quality is a major challenge in almost every data project in today’s world, especially when the required data has a national or global look and feel. However, data preparation activities dominate the efforts, cost, and time consumption. Nowadays, many data collection approaches are continuing to evolve in the era of big data to accommodate revolutionary data flows, especially in the health sector, which contains many different levels of data types, formats, and structures. The lack of qualified and reliable data models is still an ongoing challenge. These issues are even magnified in developing countries where there is a struggle to make advances in health systems with limited resources environments, and to adopt the advantages of ICT to minimize the gaps in health information systems. This article introduces a geo-political multi-layered model for data collection and preparation, the model enables the health data to be collected, prepared and aggregated by using data attendance approach and address data challenges such as data missing, incompetence and format. The currently used data collection method in health sector in Sudan was analysed and data challenges were identified, with respect to geo-political structure of the country. The result of the model provides structured datasets framed by time and geographical spaces that can be used to enrich analytical projects and decision-making in the health sector.

The article calls attention to a neglected source for the over-all “look and feel” of the Glagolitic alphabet as it was first created by Constantine the Philosopher circa 863 ad. This source is the variant forms of the Greek and other alphabets (including Hebrew and Arabic) that consist of so-called Brillenbuchstabe (otherwise charactères à lunettes or ring-letters). These variant alphabets were employed chiefly for esoteric purposes, including astrological and magical ones. Because of their limited use, they have largely been overlooked in standard handbooks of Greek and Oriental paleography. An interest in such subjects as astrology and magic comports poorly with routine assumptions about the inner lives of Medieval Saints such as Constantine. Relying on the extant primary sources for Constantine’s life, however, the article shows that his education, interests and mystical inclinations make a familiarity with some of these esoteric alphabets virtually certain. Thus it is historically plausible that such alphabets were among the inspirations for the general style, that is, the “look and feel”, of the letters of Constantine’s original glagolitic alphabet. (This article supplements the author’s earlier study from 2014, “A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet”.)

Reflection, reflective thinking and reflexivity have received significant attention in the scholarly literature on higher education yet there is limited research that explores these concepts in relation to international students. This paper consequently explores what reflection and reflective thinking might look and feel like for international students. We theorizethe importance of supporting international students in becoming reflexive practitioners in their chosen area of study; particularly in respect to graduate attributes including reflection and employability. The paper attends to this theorizationby sharing Rodgers’ (2002) four functions of reflection, a reflective thinking model –the 4Rs –as well as Archer’s (2000, 2012) notion of reflexivity. Weexplore how higher educators might consider these frameworks comprehensively when working with international students particularly in the area of workplace experience.

In this article, we focus on design innovation, that is, innovation in the external appearance of a product. Design has become an important competitive tool for managers and a fruitful area of research for scholars. The term design is rather elusive, having been attributed very different meanings. For example, when design is defined as an outcome, it has been con-ceptualized as enhancing product functionality, ease of use, and/or appearance (e.g., Homburg, Schwemmle, and Kuehnl, 2015; Noble and Kumar, 2010). When examining design as an activity, it has been conceptualized in terms of sketching, prototyping, and form giving (e.g., Hise, O’Neal, McNeal, and Parasuraman, 1989). A detailed description of how to define design from a descriptive or normative perspective is beyond the bounds of this article.1 Ultimately, what is an appropriate definition of design is dependent on one’s research aims. In the context of this virtual issue, we conceptualize design in terms of a product’s external appearance, which is determined by a specific configuration of visual elements such as colors, shapes, lines, proportions, and materials (Rubera and Droge, 2013).2 The presence of design innovation is subsequently determined by the degree to which a product’s external appearance deviates from prior designs in a given product category: the more a design is similar to prior, competing designs, for example in terms of color, shape, and proportion, the less innovative it is (Gemser and Leenders, 2001; Mugge and Dahl, 2013; Talke, Salomo, Wieringa, and Lutz, 2009). Conceptualizing design innovation in terms of new product appear-ance allows us to make a clear distinction between de-sign innovation versus technological innovation (which focuses on the product’s technologies and re-lated functionalities) and builds on prior conceptual-izations of design innovation (e.g., Dan, Spaid, and Noble, 2018; Mugge and Dahl, 2013; Noseworthy and Trudel, 2011; Rubera, 2015; Rubera and Droge, 2013; Rubera, Griffith, and Yalcinkaya, 2012; Talke et al., 2009). One of the early studies demonstrating the impor-tance of design for differentiating new products was by Berkowitz (1987). In subsequent studies, the influence of design on the success of new products, services, or companies has been further corroborated (e.g., Candi, 2010; Candi and Saemundsson, 2011; Hertenstein, Platt, and Veryzer, 2005). Over the years, researchers have identified specific factors impacting the influence of design on performance. One prominent factor iden-tified as influencing performance is the degree to which design is innovative, being more than a simple refine-ment or extension of extant design (e.g., Gemser and Leenders, 2001; Rubera, 2015; Talke et al., 2009). An often-used example of innovative design which gath-ered commercial success is the Apple iMac3, launched in 1998, whose design included the use of translu-cent colors and soft round forms, revolutionizing the “look and feel” of PCs (e.g., Dell’Era and Verganti, 2007; Eisenman, 2013; Talke et al., 2009). Another well-cited example is the successful “Family Follows Fiction” product range from Italian household goods manufacturer Alessi, where ordinary kitchenwares were materialized as playful, toy-like products, using plastic materials, translucent surfaces, and bright col-ors (Dalpiaz, Rindova, and Ravasi, 2016; Dell’Era and Verganti, 2007; Verganti, 2008). A more recent example is the Cybertruck, from Tesla, an angular, stainless steel, all-electric pickup truck, which has been described in the popular press as “revolutionary” in design. Although its commercial success is uncer-tain, preorders for the truck bode well (Mehta, 2019). Overall, a global increase in the number of design pat-ents (Chan, Mihm, and Sosa, 2018; Filitz, Henkel, and Tether, 2015; Rubera, 2015) suggests that investing in novel designs is a general trend across industries, mak-ing research on the effectiveness and management of design innovation of particular interest. In the last 20 years, research on the innovativeness of design has gathered the interest of researchers resulting in valuable insights. However, an organized review of the research on this topic is lacking. This article, and the accompanying virtual issue on design innovation, was developed with two objectives in mind. First, to con-ceptually clarify design innovation and provide an over-view of its evolution, particularly within the Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM) which has been one of the most active of business journals in pub-lishing articles in this space. As part of the evolution, we discuss important knowledge garnered about design innovation, clustering this information into four broad research themes. Second, we aim to encourage future research in the area by highlighting fruitful research opportunities that can help progress the field. To reach our objectives, we performed an analysis of research on design innovation as published in JPIM and other relevant academic journals. Based on this analysis, we wrote our editorial and created a virtual issue, com-posed of prior published articles in JPIM that illustrate relevant research on design innovation. In what follows, the approach for selecting the arti-cles included in this editorial and concomitant virtual issue is outlined. The paper then proceeds with the in-sights derived from the analysis of the selected papers, a set of research priorities, and concluding remarks.

Background During the process of decision-making for long-term care, clients are often dependent on informal support and available information about quality ratings of care services. However, clients do not take ratings into account when considering preferred care, and need assistance to understand their preferences. A tool to elicit preferences for long-term care could be beneficial. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative descriptive study is to understand the user requirements and develop a web-based preference elicitation tool for clients in need of long-term care. Methods We applied a user-centred design in which end-users influence the development of the tool. The included end-users were clients, relatives, and healthcare professionals. Data collection took place between November 2017 and March 2018 by means of meetings with the development team consisting of four users, walkthrough interviews with 21 individual users, video-audio recordings, field notes, and observations during the use of the tool. Data were collected during three phases of iteration: Look and feel, Navigation, and Content. A deductive and inductive content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Results The layout was considered accessible and easy during the Look and feel phase, and users asked for neutral images. Users found navigation easy, and expressed the need for concise and shorter text blocks. Users reached consensus about the categories of preferences, wished to adjust the content with propositions about well-being, and discussed linguistic difficulties. Conclusion By incorporating the requirements of end-users, the user-centred design proved to be useful in progressing from the prototype to the finalized tool ‘What matters to me’. This tool may assist the elicitation of client’s preferences in their search for long-term care.

A well-planned information architecture (IA) of a website can enhance the end users' efficiency, learnability, controllability and intention to revisit the site. Its significance is even more in the context of academic websites where the generation, management, and distribution of information are among the major activities. However, it remains a neglected issue as designers of academic websites have overlooked the important aspect of ‘intuitive user navigation' and focused primarily on its ‘look and feel.' Thus, the current study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of information architectural designs of some randomly selected university websites of Punjab (India) through a usability testing technique. For this purpose, the performance metric measured was the information seeking time. The usability session of each subject was captured through Camtasia Studio software. The findings of this study highlight the shortcomings of presently designed academic websites which adversely affect the usability of a website.

The GUIs you have created up until now have all focused mainly on function and less on appearance and customization. Creating a layout to organize widgets in a coherent manner is just as important as modifying the look and feel of each and every widget. By choosing the right styles, colors, and fonts, a user can also more easily navigate their way around a user interface. In Chapter 6, you will find out how to use Qt Style Sheets to change the look of your applications. You will also find out about event handling and how to create your own custom signals.

Previous studies indicated a potential influence of physical workplace characteristics (e.g. light, noise, air quality) on employees' mental health (e.g. stress, fatigue, or mood). Until recently, most workplace-context research had a pathogenic instead of a salutogenic orientation. In this systematic scoping review (PRISMA) ten indicators of mental health are taken as a starting point, including both mental well-being and -illness. This provides a more holistic exploration of methods, measures, and employee-workplace theories that explain how physical workplace resources promote employees’ mental health. The directions of these relationships are also observed. Results show that some workplace characteristics are studied with many validated measures, while others appear less diverse or so far lack approaches with objective measures. Results show that some indicators of mental health (e.g. concentration, and stress) have frequently been related to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) (e.g. light and daylight), while others (e.g. burnout, engagement, and depression) have received less attention in relation to the physical workplace (especially to biophilia, views, look and feel). This review identifies important avenues for future research, potential objective and subjective measures for employee mental health in relation to the office workplace and calls for a more holistic approach to mental health at work.

The popularity of online gaming has grown dramatically, driven in part by streaming and the billion-dollar e-sports industry. Online games regularly update their software to fix bugs, add functionality that improve the game's look and feel, and change the game mechanics to keep the games fun and challenging. An open question, however, is the impact of these changes on player performance and game balance, as well as how players adapt to these sudden changes. To address these questions, we use causal inference to measure the impact of software patches to League of Legends, a popular team-based multiplayer online game. We show that game patches have substantially different impacts on players depending on their skill level and whether they take breaks between games. We find that the gap between good and bad players increases after a patch, despite efforts to make gameplay more equal. Moreover, longer between-game breaks tend to improve player performance after patches. Overall, our results highlight the utility of causal inference, and specifically heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, as a tool to quantify the complex mechanisms of game balance and its interplay with players' performance., 9 pages, 11 figures

Game development benefits from short iterations, as it is often concerned with how a game will feel like; something that is hard to anticipate. Live programming aims at reducing the length of iterations during software development to allow for faster exploration and improve program comprehension. We propose a live game development environment providing a more general live programming workflow in game prototyping. The environment supports developers in two aspects: how will a code change affect the look and feel of the game and how does the behavior of the game relate to its code? The proof-of-concept environment ensures short feedback cycles by always keeping the game running while it is being developed. We propose several mechanisms to work with the running game, for example, programmers can automatically replay situations in the game by using an explicit notion of snapshots. We tentatively demonstrate the effectiveness of the live programming features in the context of the development of game prototypes of different genres.

This prototype demonstrates the viability of manipulating both physical and virtual objects with the same tool in order to maintain object permanence across both modes of interaction. Using oppositional force feedback, provided by a servo, and an augmented visual interface, provided by the user’s smartphone, this tool simulates the look and feel of a physical object within an augmented environment. Additionally, the tool is also able to manipulate physical objects that are not part of the augmented reality, such as a physical nut. By integrating both modes of interaction into the same tool, users can fluidly move between these different modes of interaction, manipulating both physical and virtual objects as the need arises. By overlaying this kind of visual and haptic augmentation onto a common tool such as a pair of pliers, we hope to further explore scenarios for collaborative telepresence in future work.

Sensing Textures: Tactile Resistance is a collection of eight swatches comprised of e-textile sensors and actuators that probe ideas around the politics of crafting handmade technological artifacts. By engaging hands-on with the production of these artifacts, this work aims to reflect on alternative modes of world-building that allow for speculation about how bespoke technology can look and feel like when it is highly personalized. These eight swatches explore different crafting techniques while responding to personal narratives, questions about how we perceive the world and how we embody the making of technology collectively in a critical manner.

With the progress in deductive program verification research, new tools and techniques have become available to support design-by-contract reasoning about non-trivial programs written in widely-used programming languages. However, deductive program verification remains an activity for experts, with ample experience in programming, specification and verification. We would like to change this situation, by developing program verification techniques that are available to a larger audience. In this paper, we present how we developed prototypal program verification support for Snap!. Snap! is a visual programming language, aiming in particular at high school students. We added specification language constructs in a similar visual style, designed to make the intended semantics clear from the look and feel of the specification constructs. We provide support both for static and dynamic verification of Snap! programs. Special attention is given to the error messaging, to make this as intuitive as possible.

Despite an intention to exercise, it remains a challenge for many people to establish a workout routine over a period of time. Amongst identified barriers and enablers to exercise, getting dressed for a workout is considered as one of the tipping points of actually going. Implementing the Aesthetic of Friction in this specific context, could imply the right course of action for the user, while it also allows freedom and encourages meaning-making. In this Research-through-Design project, we designed an interactive shrinking hanger, that implements these key principles, to encourage exercise motivation. We followed an iterative process focusing on the aesthetics of the interaction to find out how a careful consideration of the look and feel of an interactive artefact influences the acceptance of the implemented friction. We document the design process of this aesthetics of friction exemplar, and reflect on how to implement friction in design. © 2021 Owner/Author.

Decolonization is a complex, often discussed in academic or political environments, it is challenging to discover tangible ways for individuals to practice it in daily life. A gap between the personal understanding decolonization and the academic definitions of decolonization was identified through oral history interviews, so this research shares the unique stories of eight Canadian indigenous women through fashion as a way to inform a more accessible and embodied definition of decolonization. The participants took part in a fashion-hacking workshop to began to answer the questions: What does the lived experience of decolonization look and feel like for Indigenous women? How do Indigenous women think about decolonization in the personal aspects of their life and how can that be expressed through fashion? The format of this paper explores different perspectives and ways of knowing by jumping back and forth between storytelling, art, Indigenous and Western academic research.

Written by the co-founder and former board president of a non-profit shared-use commercial kitchen, Understanding Just Sustainabilities from Within presents an intersectional analysis of CLiCK (Commercially Licensed Co-operative Kitchen), in order to explore what just sustainabilities can look and feel like from within and without. Through a unique combination of autoethnography, participant observation, surveys, and secondary research, this book offers insights into CLiCK’s micro and macro successes, failures, and unknowns in relation to its attempt to put the concept of just sustainabilities into daily practice, and praxis. Developing its practical analyses from a theoretical basis, this book does not focus on definitive answers, recognizing instead that the closest we can get to understanding just sustainabilities in praxis is through long-term collective struggle and ultimately love. Researchers and educators who are interested in linking theory with practice, especially in relation to just sustainabilities and intersectionality, will appreciate the theoretical grounding, making it desirable for multiple social science classes. Additionally, those involved with the social justice, food justice, and just sustainabilities movements will benefit from the book’s insights into best practices to address issues of social inequalities on the micro level, while also offering the benefits of a macro intersectional analysis.

Context: Nowadays, video games look and feel increasingly realistic, and provide engaging and immersive experiences to players. Understanding what makes games so appealing and immersive is important to grasp in order to provide better experiences. Objectives: To provide a better understanding of the concepts of flow, immersion and usability in video games and understand how usability interact with these different concepts. Method: 20 participants took part in user tests and answered a survey about usability and immersion. Results: Usability had a positive effect on immersion which was fully mediated by appeal. Learnability was correlated with absorption by activity, and usability was correlated with fluency of performance. Conclusions: Usability and appeal are both contributing to the feeling of immersion which in turn increases the general appreciation of the game. Immersion and flow are both relevant to understand players’ appreciation of the game.

COVID underscores the potential of VR meeting tools to compensate for lack of embodied communication in applications like Zoom. But both research and commercial VR meeting environments typically seek to approximate physical meetings, instead of exploring new capacities of communication and coordination. We argue the most transformative features of VR (and XR more broadly) may look and feel very different from familiar social rituals of physical meetings. Embracing “weird” forms of sociality and embodiment, we incorporate inspiration from a range of sources including: (1) emerging rituals in commercial social VR, (2) existing research on social augmentation systems for meetings, (3) novel examples of embodied VR communication, and (4) a fictionalized vignette envisioning a future with aspects of “Weird Social XR” folded into everyday life. We call upon the research community to approach these speculative forms of alien sociality as opportunities to explore new kinds of social superpowers.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a trending technology that augments or superimposes an image generated by a computer system virtually into the real world environment for the user’s viewpoint using a smart phone or other hand held devices. AR shows recent advancements in the shopping domain with various implementation trails and refinement. The simplicity and flexibility in online shopping where people stay in their own place and do shopping brought a great challenge to retail shopping environment today. Retail stores are now struggling a lot to bring in the customers and the foot traffic has been greatly reduced due to which online sales are boosting and retail sales are stalling. This necessitates to bring new technological innovations to offline shopping to attract people. With the use of AR, it is possible to merge digital component to physical products in the store to stimulate the engagement of the shopping experience with more fun and joy. On the other hand, in the online shopping, though user reviews and product showcase aids the customers to analyze the quality, look and feel of diverse products, the buyer still cannot see how exactly the product fits in a real environment or how it works. Here plays AR a vital role in online shopping where it uses animations and visualization techniques to offer more value to their shoppers virtually aiding to see exactly the look of the product in user environment. This paper explains the advancement of AR in both retail and online shopping of various product domains with an implementation model of ShopAR for Online shopping and AR significance in near future.

Image maps are a popular cartographic product, as the synthesis of remote sensing imagery with cartographic symbols gives the map an authentic look and feel. Traditionally, the design of im...

The maintenance of applications is a crucial activity in the software industry. The high cost of this process is due to the effort invested on software comprehension since, in most of cases, there is no up-to-date abstraction or documentation to ease this task but the source code. The goal of many commercial and academic tools is to build software architectural views from the code. The main disadvantages of such tools are: i) they are dependent on the language/technology on top of which the application is built; and ii) they offer pre-defined views that are too difficult to adapt to meet particular software comprehension needs. In this paper, we present a Technology-independent approach which is flexible enough to allow developers to define metric-centered architectural views by using annotations. These views display in a single canvas architectural elements whose look and feel maps software metrics. Our work results from joint projects with industry partners with software modernization needs in different technologies: Oracle Forms, Java EE, and Ruby on Rails. We present how our proposal was applied in these projects and compare the results with those of the previously followed process.

Triple P Online (i.e., TPOL; www2.tripleponline.net ) is an online self-help parent training program aimed at reducing child behavior problems through “positive parenting practices”—available at time of review for $79.95. TPOL is comprised of 8 video-based modules that also incorporate in-session activities and homework. Randomized control trials have shown that TPOL effectively reduces child behavior problems. The program’s main strengths include very high-quality content with an abundance of relevant and easily locatable resources, an easy-to-use interface, and a professional look and feel. The program’s main weakness lies in its lack of monitoring and adaptation to the user’s state (e.g., child’s and parent’s behaviors), and real-time reminders for desired actions. Altogether, TPOL is an extremely valuable and important resource for families seeking evidence-based treatment for child behavior problems.

User interface elements such as buttons and controls should appear tangible and engender affordance even though these elements are behind a ‘layer of glass’. Visual and motion cues can bridge this gap by acknowledging the user's input immediately and using animation in ways that look and feel like direct manipulation akin to real world physics. Hence, user interface buttons can mimic real world interaction with common physical objects. Simply put, you can add clarity to user interactions through visual responses to the user's input using ‘micro interactions. To date, user interface animations have been used by smart phone operating systems to provide user feedback and to show fluidity between user interface transitions as opposed to instant flickering between screens which is somewhat unnatural. This paper aims to determine the effect that micro interactions has on the perceived usability of smart phone apps.

Smartphone users are striving for easy-to-learn and use mobile apps user interfaces. Accomplishing these qualities demands an iterative evaluation of the Mobile User Interface (MUI). Several studies stress the value of providing a MUI with a pleasing look and feel to engaging end-users. The MUI, therefore, needs to be free from all kinds of structural aesthetic defects. Such defects are indicators of poor design decisions interfering with the consistency of a MUI and making it more difficult to use. To this end, we are proposing a tool (Aesthetic Defects DEtection Tool (ADDET)) to determine the structural aesthetic dimension of MUIs. Automating this process is useful to designers in evaluating the quality of their designs. Our approach is composed of two modules. (1) Metrics assessment is based on the static analysis of a tree-structured layout of the MUI. We used 15 geometric metrics (also known as structural or aesthetic metrics) to check various structural properties before a defect is triggered. (2) Defects detection: The manual combination of metrics and defects are time-consuming and user-dependent when determining a detection rule. Thus, we perceive the process of identification of defects as an optimization problem. We aim to automatically combine the metrics related to a particular defect and optimize the accuracy of the rules created by assigning a weight, representing the metric importance in detecting a defect. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed tool in computing metrics and detecting defects. The findings affirm the tool’s reliability when assessing a MUI’s structural design problems with 71% accuracy.

This chapter is concerned with the properties of both the physical archive and the digital archive. One of the attractions of the archive is the physical form of the record: the leather-bound volume, copperplate handwriting, silvered photographs—the colour, smell and sight of past generations. The challenge for the digital archive has been whether it ought or should replicate this romance of the physical form. Debates about the merits of encapsulation or retaining a record’s ‘look and feel’, dominated early discussions about digital preservation. But does the attraction of the digital archive lie in other conceptualisations? While the aim of born-digital records preservation is to ensure access to information over time, emotional connections are harder to provide. Rather it is in the contextual relationships, the spider-web of search and discovery, where the digital archive can be most powerful.

A design initiative for advanced user interfaces began several years ago with the intent to provide design guidelines for new applications in the form of an interactive prototype toolkit called the User Interface Prototyping Toolkit (UIPT). The concept was to develop a tool that would allow sponsors, customers, end users, designers, engineers and software developers to work together in an iterative fashion to achieve a tailored user interface for the application of interest. An advanced or modern style was applied to the interface to provide a more current and modern look and feel to the user while still adhering to solid principle of design, workflow, tasks, layout, coloring, size, animated actions and user cues or alerts. An overarching goal was to design with a general repeatable structure. This allows each new project to understand what elements are used for and how the work within the user interface. This concept was further exploited by integrating multiple domains within in the same software application and leveraging the use of an end user’s role to smoothly transition from the display from one user role to that of another. UIPT has been successfully integrated with over four projects and a series of user roles and the user interfaces associate with those roles. To maintain this design philosophy an interactive style guide began to be developed to apply design consistency across the multiple projects that utilize UIPT. This interactive style guide just happens to be built with Unity, a 2D and 3D game engine. This is the same tool used to prototype these user interfaces. As such the styles for size, color, layout and other design factors are laid out in an application which can be run to view and work with user interface element illustrated in the common design guide for the projects. Software developers obtain an advantage of having access to the code of the interactive style guide which contains not only how the code is to be implemented but contains the style specification already built into the code. This is advantageous as a means maintain design consistency, not having to repeat design and software development for a majority of the user interface. Additionally, new software developers and designers are provided with a solid template which helps in bring them up to speed at an accelerated rate.

First impressions of regular expressions are rarely positive. They look arcane, a throwback to the early decades of modern computing, when GUIs and object-oriented programming were a distant future. However, once you get past its look and feel, regular expressions give you serious power to search, filter, and manipulate text and numbers with speed and minimal code.

Any ethnic style represents a culture that rejoices its past. Its present state must have been touched by technological advancements, fashion trends and changing market demands. Products produced using advanced technology, new materials, new design may evoke substantially different emotion than the ethnic one. Innovation is inevitable for any product design and manufacturing to withstand in the competitive market. During the process of innovation, many a time ethnic product loses its traditional characteristics (look, feel, etc.) and thus create or evoke an altered emotional response of the consumers and negatively affect product purchase intention. To retain ethnicity of a product, it is very crucial to identify the emotional values embedded in the ethnic product and to keep its traditional design elements unaltered. Amongst many other ethnic products, Indian handloom products are tremendously being influenced by advancement of technology, new materials and current trends in fashion. Thus these products are at the verge of losing their ethnic design features. Hence, the present research aims to develop a framework to retain ethnic features of Indian handloom products. As a case study, Baluchuri and Garad handloom saris were considered. Kansei Engineering Type 1: Category classification was adopted to develop the design framework. Reported research concluded that the design variables which draw higher ratings on the semantic differential scale for expressing consumers’ emotion for ethnic look and feel should be retained to maintain ethnicity whereas the variables with lower ratings may be explored further for bringing innovations in design.

Students start learning about human anatomy starting from standard VI (i.e., between ages 10–15 years) and gain a basic idea about all of the important organs and their functions. However, a quick survey reveals that students find it difficult to visualize how human organs look from inside and outside. They also lack an understanding of the basic functions of these organs. Further, as most of the instructional medium is based on a two-dimensional static paper-based medium, it lacks the look and feel of actual organs. To tackle this problem augmented reality (AR) technology was utilized. AR is an interactive experience of a real-world environment that is enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities. AR is an easy and feasible solution through which we can see and understand objects which cannot be seen in the real world. The proposed interactive AR application helps students learn about human anatomy in detail. The application gives the users the option to view six different organs of the human body along with their internal parts in real time. Information about each organ and its classified parts is also provided by the application. The application helps the students to learn and visualize the human organs properly. This paper presents a qualitative analysis study of the application which can help the students as a learning aid.

Fake news is news-like content that has been produced without following journalism principles. Fake news try to mimic the look and feel of real news to intentionally disinform the reader. This phenomenon can have a strong influence on society, thus being potentially a severe problem. To address this phenomenon, systems to detect fake news have been developed, but most of them build upon fact-checking approaches, which are unfit to detect misinformation when a news piece, rather than completely false, is distorted, exaggerated, or even decontextualized. We aim to detect Portuguese fake news by following a forensic linguistics approach. Contrary to previous approaches, we build upon methods of linguistic and stylistic analysis that have been tried and tested in forensic linguists. After collecting corpora from multiple fake news outlets and from a genuine news source, we formulate the task as a text classification problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed features when training different classifiers for telling fake from genuine news. Furthermore, we perform an ablation study with subsets of features and find that the proposed feature sets are complementary. The highest results reported are very promising, achieving 97% of accuracy and a macro F1-score of 91%.

The prop-based 3D virtual object manipulation method is widely used for interaction in Augmented Reality (AR) due to its convenience and flexibility. However, when the represented virtual object is different from the physical prop, the look and feel of the object are not well aligned. To address this problem, we present a dynamic finger remapping approach to creating a visuo-haptic illusion that dynamically adjusts the presented virtual hand posture to fit different sizes and shapes of virtual objects in AR. The finger movement toward a physical prop is synchronously remapped to the movement of the virtual fingers towards the corresponding virtual object. We developed a system that enables users to perceive consistent visual and tactile feedback while grasping and releasing various virtual objects represented by a physical prop. We conducted a user study to explore the effect of this visuo-haptic illusion on the perceived size of virtual objects, setting the sizes of the rendered virtual object and the physical prop as independent variables. We found that the perceived size of a virtual object varied with its rendered size in an almost linear fashion, while the physical prop size did not significantly affect the perception. We also conducted a second study to compare our system with a current prop-based method on virtual object manipulation. The results indicated that the remapped hands could effectively improve the realism and naturalness of the experience. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Although most academic library websites include a webpage of information intended for users with disabilities, no research was located that solicited feedback about users’ needs or preferences for these pages. To address this discrepancy, 12 university students with disabilities were interviewed about their perspectives on navigation, search terms, organization, desired content, and the overall look and feel for such a webpage. These interviews revealed numerous important considerations around accessibility and inclusivity, and a list of recommendations was compiled.

In 2019, the Borough of Manhattan Community College’s library undertook a massive cleanup and reconfiguration of the content and guides contained in their LibGuides v2 system, which had been allowed to grow out of control over several years as no one was in charge of its maintenance. This article follows the process from identifying issues, getting departmental buy-in, and doing all of the necessary cleanup work for links and guides. The aim of the project was to make their guides easier for students to use and understand and for librarians to maintain. At the same time, work was done to improve the look and feel of their guides and implement the built-in A-Z database list, both of which are also discussed.

Despite the past few decades of research providing convincing evidence of the similarities in function and neural mechanisms between imagery and perception, for most of us, the experience of the two are undeniably different, why? Here, we review and discuss the differences between imagery and perception and the possible underlying causes of these differences, from function to neural mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the directional flow of information (top-down versus bottom-up), the differences in targeted cortical layers in primary visual cortex and possible different neural mechanisms of modulation versus excitation. For the first time in history, neuroscience is beginning to shed light on this long-held mystery of why imagery and perception look and feel so different. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.

Superimposing the high and low spatial frequencies of two different images allows different image interpretations, depending on the viewing distance between the viewer and the image. Previous works used this technique to produce greyscale keypads for PIN entry to prevent shoulder-surfing. Nevertheless, implementation in colour keypads would preserve the underlying look and feel of most applications which are in colour. Thus, the proposed method uses superimposition to produce hybrid image keypads in colour. From user testing and simulated shoulder surfing attacks, it was shown that the proposed method had a low error rate of 3.57% for user logins while none of the shoulder surfing attacks were successful.

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) machines are able to challenge our notion that human intelligence can be the sole source of creativity. In this study, the author has developed a pipeline in which the client inputs a selection of images that they prefer, from which the computer infers the client’s preferences using image classification and suggests three design proposals in the form of a “mood board” using approximate nearest neighbor finding and generative adversarial networks (GANs). The mood board is a way of capturing and presenting architectural ideas to a client widely used in the architectural field. The machine’s output acts as “sketches”, similar in their look and feel to human created sketches that are included in traditional, human generated mood boards. The author believes that this technology will not be a replacement for the work of the architect, but rather be a complement to it, as the architect still has a valuable role to play in “deciphering” and interpreting the computer’s output, as well as in moving forward with the execution of the project. However, it has potential to speed up and enhance the iterative design process through the computer’s generative capabilities and the architect will benefit from the abundance of new ideas to accompany his or her own. In the long run, the architectural profession may change towards serving a more managerial role that brings computer made designs to (real) life.