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Endoscopic parotidectomy has the potential to become a reliable procedure for benign and low-grade malignant parotid gland tumors. Based on the previous literature review and our own clinical experience, we introduced in detail the surgical procedure of single incision-plus approach for gasless endoscopic parotidectomy. This method contributes a logical approach to achieving endoscopic resection of parotid gland tumor and preservation of facial nerve, which can be summarized into the following seven-step method: preoperative preparation; design of retroauricular-hairline incision and plus-incision; surgical cavities creation and coalescence; separation of surgical boundaries; separation and protection of the facial nerve trunk; processing of the branches of facial nerve; en bloc resection of the superficial parotid gland and tumor. Endoscopic parotidectomy is a more difficult procedure than conventional parotid surgery, requiring more precision as well as more experience and equipment. The learning curve of time and frequency is influenced by many factors, like anatomy, instruments, procedures and patience. We contribute our clinical exploration of anatomical precautions, feasible instruments, and surgical procedures and summarize precautions under single incision-plus in gasless endoscopic parotidectomy. Given the growing interest in the aesthetic process of the parotid region, the seven-step method may have the potential to be a method for teaching gasless endoscopic parotidectomy.

Bone invasion by oral cancer is a common clinical problem, which affects the choice of treatment and predicts a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. Current studies have revealed that oral cancer cells modulate the formation and function of osteoclasts through the expression of a series of signal molecules. Many signal pathways are involved in this process, of which receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/osteoprotegerin signaling pathway attracted much attention. In this review, we introduce recent progress in molecular mechanisms of bone invasion by oral cancer.口腔癌易于发生颌骨侵犯，影响患者预后，而这一现象的分子机制尚未完全阐明。目前研究发现，口腔癌细胞通过一系列信号分子的表达直接或者间接影响破骨细胞的形成和功能，有多条信号通路参与其调控，其中核因子κB受体活化因子配体/核因子κB受体活化因子/骨保护素信号通路的调节备受关注。本文就口腔癌颌骨侵犯的分子机制研究进展进行综述。.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent tumour in head and neck malignant. The current treatment is mainly based on surgery therapy, radiation therapy and chemical therapy. Meanwhile, there are many a defect in the treatment. For example, there are many defects in radiotherapy. Radioactive salivatitis is the most common. In addition, there are a series of changes such as dry mouth, oral mucositis, rampant dental caries, and radioactive osteomyelitis of jaw, which cause swallowing, chewing problems, and taste dysfunction. Currently, the research on radioactive salivatitis is progressing rapidly, but its mechanism is more complication. This paper review aims to summarize the research progress in this field.颌面及颈部的恶性肿瘤是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，治疗以手术治疗、放疗、化疗相结合为主，同时治疗存在着很多不良反应，如放疗存在诸多并发症，其中便以放射性唾液腺炎最为常见。此外还有口腔干燥、口腔黏膜炎、猛性龋、放射性颌骨骨髓炎等，导致吞咽、咀嚼问题以及味觉功能障碍等一系列变化。目前，放射性唾液腺炎的研究进展迅速，但其机制较为复杂，本文就此领域的相关研究成果作一综述。.

Large general hospitals currently play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment for acute critical patients and difficult diseases because of the development of dual referral system and hierarchical diagnosis, as well as the formation of medical treatment alliance. Patients with oral cancers are often associated with systemic diseases, which increases the complexity of the condition. Thus, meeting the demand through the traditional single medical model is difficult. As such, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model has been proposed and has achieved a good clinical effect. To standardize the application of this model, we organized an event in which relevant experts discussed and formulated a consensus to provide standardized suggestions on the MDT process and the diagnosis and treatment of common systemic diseases as reference for clinical practice.近年来，随着双向转诊、分级诊疗和医联体的建立，大型综合医院承担急危重症和疑难疾病诊疗的功能定位日益凸显，来诊的口腔癌患者常伴有全身情况复杂的系统性疾病，传统的单一诊疗模式难以达到医疗需求。为此，多学科协作诊疗（MDT）模式应运而生并在实践中应用，取得了良好的临床效果。为了进一步规范口腔癌患者的MDT，组织专家制订了本专家共识，对诊疗流程、常见系统性疾病的诊治等给出了规范化建议，供临床医师参考。.

One-part geopolymer precursors are synthesized and preliminarily optimized by calcining bentonite with NaOH or Na 2 CO 3 to compare with the two-part ones. The ground powders of the former are hydrated by only adding water at 80 °C for 3 days and 20 °C for subsequent time. Some one-part geopolymers gain satisfying compressive strengths and are quite water-resistant similar to the two-part ones. It is found that alkali alters and deepens the thermal decomposition of the bentonite and transforms quartz impurity into X-ray amorphous cementing-active glassy phases. Nepheline is usually generated in the alkali-fused bentonite, and gehlenite also occurs when calcined at 1000 °C. Different kinds of zeolites appear in the one-part geopolymers, while the calcium ferrites, only found in the precursors exclusively activated by Na 2 CO 3 , lead to produce additional hydrous gehlenite, so Na 2 CO 3 seems facilitates hydration more effective than NaOH given the pastes from the precursors calcined with Na 2 CO 3 possess higher compressive strengths. Moreover, the ferric oxide and calcium oxide have potential to enhance the cementing properties according to the mechanisms with calcination and hydration. The low hydrolysis rate might lead to poor water-resistance and the softening coefficient of the pastes increases with alkali content and calcination temperature for one-part geopolymers.

According to the risk assessment conducted on buried gas pipelines,it is found that the number of factors affecting pipeline failure is more than 130 and that it could not reach the requirement by using a model to calculate or evaluate.On the base of the traditional buried gas pipeline fault tree analysis, this paper puts forward a thought of the grading modeling risk assessment,adopting the compensation fuzzy neural network theory . The fault trees minimal cut sets grading modeling helps to establish the mathematical model of compensation fuzzy neural network risk assessment, deduce the model error transformation formula, revise the assessment errors ,and solve the problem of risk assessment of the large buried gas pipelineswhich needs to consider many assessment factors. The practical study demonstrates that the assessment results are objective and the assessment errors are small.

In the process of recycling phosphate ore processing wastewater, the accumulation of inorganic ions and the flotation reagents have a great influence on the flotation performance when they reach to a certain concentration. This paper studied the effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and PO43- on the reverse flotation of phosphate ore through the single factor experiment. The experimental results show that Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43- have less effect on the flotation performance, and that a certain amount of PO43- in the ore pulp can reduce the dosage of acid and improve the flotation result. SO42- has a significant effect on the reverse flotation of phosphate ore and the concentration of SO42- should be controlled under 1 g/L in the backwater utilization.

The stray current of mine refers to the current, which flows in the way of the non-regulation line in mines. When go on the mine operations, in order to achieve stray current controlf high precision, it is necessary to carry on high precision detection of Stray current. Based on traditional “point” and “line” detection, the technology of “Face-and-Body” detection is researched and the detecting way of “Face-and-Body” technology is proposed in the paper. The “Face-and -Body” detection technology is implemented in three-dimensional space on the base of mathematical model of “Face-and-Body” .The “Face-and-Body” detection device includes in establishment of the hardware and software system, and development of the stray current detection current dual output voltage sensors, and so the size and direction of stray current are detected efficiently,thereby it improves the detection precision of the stray current.

Based on the theoretical and clinical development of modern medicines, gene therapy has been a promising treatment strategy for cancer and other diseases. The practice of gene therapy is nearly 27 years old, since the first authorized gene transfer study took place at the National Institute of Health in 1989. However, gene therapy was not readily adopted worldwide, until recently. Several gene therapy clinical trials have been carried out in China since 1998, and medical research in China has flourished. In this report, we review the history of gene therapy in China, focusing on treatment protocol, the administration cycle, dosage calculation, and the evaluation of therapeutic effects, in order to provide more information for the additional development of this promising treatment strategy.

The paper takes the 3-tier building structure as research object, and similar model is made based on similarity theory, by optimizing design the parameter of the MRF absorber is obtained, by means of accelerating sensor and data acquisition card, a set of testing system of semi-active vibration control used for building is designed, the effect on shock absorber of MRF absorber is studied and validated, at the same time, providing the theoretic method and proof for the vibration experiment of building structure by MRF absorber.

Growing evidence has shown that inflammation plays crucial roles in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Interleukin-16 (IL-16), a multifunctional cytokine, is involved in a series of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-16 polymorphisms and risk of CAD. We analyzed two polymorphisms of IL-16 (rs4778889 T/C and rs11556218 T/G) in 157 patients with CAD and 202 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. The TG/GG genotypes of rs11556218 T/G were associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD as compared with the TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.77; 95% confidence intervals, 1.16-2.71). This finding indicates that IL-16 may be used as a genetic marker for CAD susceptibility.

To evaluate postoperative infection patterns of patients suffering from oral and maxillofacial neoplasms. The risk factors giving rise to postoperative infections were analyzed. Infection bacteria and antibiotic resistance were investigated.Fifty-three cases suffering from postoperative infection were selected during 2007.12-2012.12 at the Department of OralMaxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology. The relationship between infections and factors including patients' sex, age, type of tumor, operation time and methods were evaluated with Excel and SPSS 21.0 software package, putting emphasis on infection bacteria and drug-resistance.Postoperative infection mainly occurred in patients with oral malignant tumors. Operation types and time had important influence on postoperative infection. The infection bacteria included gram-positive (59.5%) and gram-negative ones (40.5%). Streptococcus pyogenes accounted for the majority of G- bacteria, which was very sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were multi-drug resistant G- bacteria, which brought difficulties to the treatment of the infection.Integrant bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test should be performed to choose appropriate antibiotics, and monitor multi-drug resistant bacteria, so as to improve the control rates of postoperative infection.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, which has the highest incidence in oral maxillofacial malignant tumors. MiR-21 may promote tumorigeness by down-regulating tumor suppressing genes and/or controlling the genes for cell differentiation and apoptosis, and it has been identified as the most expressive and unusual in a number of profiling experiments. The study shows there are high expressions of miR-21 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Tca8113 and its high metastatic lines), especially in high metastatic lines. miR-21 silencing could suppress the capacity of proliferation, migration and invasion, arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Tca8113 and its high metastatic lines). All the results indicate that miR-21 will probably open a new path to the gene therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of closed suction drainage for prevention of postoperative complications after parotidectomy.Pubmed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Embase, Open Sigle, CBM, VIP and Wanfang database were searched electronically from the date of their establishment to May 10,2013. Hand-searching covering 19 relevant Chinese journals were also performed, and the literature of randomized controlled trials comparing closed suction drainage and open drainage for prevention of postoperative complications after parotidectomy were included. Risk of bias assessment, which was suggested by Cochrane handbook for systematic reviewers of intervention review, and data extraction of included studies were delivered by two reviewers in duplicate; and meta analysis was performed with Revman 5.2 software.Ten randomized controlled trials were included. All studies had unclear risk of bias. When compared with open drainage, closed suction drainage showed a significant advantage on reducing postoperative complications (salivary fistula/effusion, edema) after parotidectomy; it also improved clinical comprehensive effect and patients' quality of life (P0.05).To a certain extent, closed suction drainage has better efficacy and safety than controls in preventing postoperative complications after parotidectomy. However, as the quality of some included studies is limited, more randomized controlled trials are needed to reinforce the conclusion.

Penetrated nasal defects involve complicated problems of reconstruction because they require a relatively larger volume of flaps and grafts as well as aesthetic needs. The nasolabial skin flap pedicled on infraorbital vessels was evaluated in this research. Sixteen patients underwent nasal defect reconstruction with nasolabial skin flap pedicled on the infraorbital vessels through the subcutaneous tunnel. All of the 16 flaps were viable, with a maximum area of 5.0 x 2.5 cm. The color and texture of the flaps were similar to those of surrounding skin of the recipient site. Thermal and tactile sensation of the flap proved satisfactory in all the patients. The scar of donor site was occulted, and the contour of the nose did not change after the operation. The nasolabial skin flap pedicled on the infraorbital vessels had many distinct advantages and was recommended for defect reconstruction as an adjacent axial flap.

To develop a method for simultaneous determination of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisone and cortisol in plasma using HPLC/MS/MS.Sample proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile and the sample solution was injected into HPLC/MS/MS after centrifugation at 15,000 r/min for 5 min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and the positive ion detection were applied with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for quantitative analyses.Under the optimal conditions, good linearity (r0.999) was observed in the range of 0.02-200.00 ng/mL of target compounds. The detection limit reached 4.13 pg/mL, 4.64 pg/mL, 4.29 pg/mL and 4.52 pg/mL for adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisone and cortisol respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions ranged from 1.19%-5.42% and 2.16%-6.04% respectively. Satisfied results were achieved using human plasma samples, with a spiked recovery in the range of 80.0%-109.0% and a relative standard deviation of 3.93%-7.57%.The proposed method is quick, sensitive and suitable for batch analyses of plasma samples.

Previous studies show that X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg194Trp may result in variations in host’s repair efficiency of DNA damage, and this repair deficit may eventually cause individual susceptibility to oral cancer. However, published data regarding the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and oral cancer risk were contradictory. The aim of this study was to derive a more precise estimation of the association of XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism with oral cancer by performing a meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Finally, a meta-analysis of nine eligible studies including 1,281 cases and 1,966 controls was performed. Overall, there was a significant association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and oral cancer risk (for Trp versus Arg: OR = 1.41, 95 % CI 1.08–1.83, P = 0.01; for TrpTrp versus ArgArg: OR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.00–2.30, P = 0.05; for TrpTrp/ArgTrp versus ArgArg: OR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.14–1.94, P = 0.003). After excluding those studies containing patients with oral leukoplakia, there was still an obvious association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and oral cancer risk (for TrpTrp/ArgTrp versus ArgArg: OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.14–1.71, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested that there was an obvious association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and oral cancer risk in Asians under three genetic models. In conclusion, the results from this meta-analysis suggest that XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism is associated with oral cancer risk, especially in Asians.

Abnormalities in the tumor suppressor TP53 are among the most common mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis (Lane and Levine 2010) and formed the rationale for TP53 gene therapy to restore normal p53 function in cancer treatment. Several important principles were elucidated in preclinical tumor models which predicted the outcomes of subsequent clinical trials including synergistic antitumor activity for combined TP53 gene therapy plus DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiation (Zhang and Roth 1994; Gjerset and Sobol 1997; Nielsen and Maneval 1998).

To study the expression and its relationship of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), P53 protein in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of MDM2 and P53 proteins in 15 normal oral epithelium tissues, 24 cases of oral leukoplakias and 41 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas.There were no positive expression of MDM2 and P53 in normal mucosa. With significantly difference compared with the normal group (P0.05), the positive rates of MDM2 and P53 were 58.3%, 75.6% and 37.5%, 68.3% in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. MDM2-positive rate had no significant difference (P0.05), while P53-positive rate was significant difference (P0.05) compared with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Two kinds of indicators for further correlation analysis showed that MDM2 and P53 protein showed a positive correlation relationship both in oral leukoplakia (P = 0.018) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.000).The expression of MDM2 in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma suggests that this gene may play a significant role in the process of carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The correlation of MDM2 and P53 expression indicates that both of them may play a synergistic role in the process of carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Lymphatic metastasis is a continuous and complicated process. The detailed mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis are still not very clear, despite considerable research efforts in recent years. Previously, it was commonly accepted that there were no lymphatic vessels in the primary tumor. However, recent studies have demonstrated that lymphatic vessels are detectable in certain types of cancer, and more and more evidence has shown that cancer cells invade into local lymph nodes mainly via peritumoral lymphatic vessels. Moreover, activated endothelial cells may also be important, having an influence on lymphatic metastasis of cancer cells. This article, based on recent research findings, provides an in-depth discussion of the relationship between lymphangiogenesis, tumor-derived lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphatic metastasis in head and neck cancer.

To evaluate the value of the near infrared Raman spectroscope in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Near infrared Raman spectra of ten normal mucosa, twenty OSCC and thirty oral leukoplakia (OLK) cases were collected in the research. Based on the previous researches, the information of the subtracted spectra of compared group was gained by the characteristic band in them. A Gaussian radial basis function support vector machine was used to classify spectra and establish the diagnostic models. The efficacy and validity of the algorithm were evaluated.By analyzing the subtracted mean spectra, the increasing peak intensity in wavenumber range of 500-2 200 cm(-1) hinted us of the high contents of DNA, protein and lipid in OSCC, which elucidate the high proliferative activity. The increasing peak intensity in the wavenumber range of 500-2 200 cm(-1) hinted us of the high contents of DNA, protein and lipid in OSCC, which elucidate the high proliferative activity, but the difference between OLK and OSCC was not as much as that between normal and OSCC. The Gaussian radial basis function support vector machine showed powerful ability in grouping and modeling of normal and OSCC, and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 100%, 97.44% and 98.81% correspondingly. The algorithm showed good ability in grouping and modeling of OLK and OSCC, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 95.00%, 86.36% and 96.30%.Combined with support vector machines, near infrared Raman spectroscopy could detect the biochemical variations in oral normal, OLK and OSCC, and establish diagnostic model accurately.

To investigate and evaluate the appropriate virus titer and transfection efficiency of recombinant adenovirus p53 into the oral dysplastic epithelial cells (POE-9n) and provide reference for oral precancerosis research.The transfection sensitivity of adenovirus into oral dysplastic epithelial cells was evaluated by the recombinant adenovirus p53 containing green fluorescent protein (rAd-GFP). Different titre rAd -p53 was transfected into oral dysplastic epithelial cells to evaluate the effects of rAd-p53 on cell proliferation inhibition by MIT assay. The expression of exogenous p53 gene in POE-9n cells was detected by immunocytochemistry.More than 95% POE-9n cells were transfected by rAd-GFP with MOI from 100 to 500 and there was no statistical difference between different MOI values (r=-0.124, P0.05). It was found that rAd-p53 had significant inhibition effects on POE-9n cell proliferation with MOI from 100 to 500, and there were no significant differences at 96 h and 120 h after the transfection on cell proliferation inhibition (P0.05). P53 protein was well expressed in rAd-p53 transfected POE-9n cells.Exogenous p53 can be successfully transfected into POE-9n cells by rAd-p53 and the virus titer of MOI 100 was high enough to ensure efficient transfection.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features, treatment and factors affecting the prognosis of patients with central salivary gland tumors of the jaws.Twenty-two patients with central salivary gland tumors of the jaws at West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University in the recent 20 years were retrospectively analyzed according to the clinical features, treatment and factors affecting the prognosis. A thorough review of clinical records was performed and the histological diagnosis was revised according to the 2005 WHO criteria.Most central salivary gland tumors of the jaws occurred in middle-aged females. Diagnosis was difficult because clinical manifestations were not typical as swelling of the jaws, pain and tooth mobility were common. Most of these diseases were malignant and pathological types were diverse. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common type. Surgery was the primary treatment plan.It can be concluded that the final diagnosis in most patients with central salivary gland tumors of the jaws is acquired by preoperative biopsy. Surgery was the primary treatment method and radical resection is the first choice for the patients. The resection of sufficient frontier could reduce the chance of recurrence to a great extent.

Advances in tumor biology and clinical trials indicate that p53 transfer is an alternative therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biologic activity of multiple intraepithelial injections of Ad-p53 in patients with dysplastic oral leukoplakia, which is the most common premalignant lesion of the oral squamous cell carcinoma.From 2006 to 2007, 18 Chinese patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as dysplastic oral leukoplakia were recruited for this study. On a 15-day cycle, intraepithelial injections of Ad-p53 were administered once every three days at dose levels dependent upon lesion size/dose escalation sequence (1 x 10(8) vp). 24-48 h after the last injection, incisional biopsy were performed, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the protein expression of P53 and P21(CIP/WAF).In the postreatment patients, P53 protein and P21(CIP/WAF) protein expression were significantly enhanced (100%, 89.9%, respectively) and statistical analysis revealed the expression of P53 protein had a positive correlation with that of P21(CIP/WAF) protein (r=0.598, P0.01).Intraepithelial injections of gendicine is biologically active in patients with dysplastic oral leukoplakia. It may be a promising treatment for oral leukoplakia.

To obtain a large number of rabbit parotid acinar cells with excretion function in vitro.Rabbit parotid acinar cells were cultured in the reformed DMEM; The shape and structure of cultured cells were observed with phase contrast microscope; Pan cytokeratin(PCK), alpha-amylase and actin of the cultured parotid acinar cells were examined with immunocytochemical SP technique; the secretion of different generations was evaluated with positive expression status of alpha-amylase. SPSS10.0 software package for windows was used for Student's t test.The acinar cells had the ability of proliferation, they could pass 4 generations and survive for 4 weeks. The specific immunocytochemical staining for PCK and alpha-amylase could be seen in the plasm and (or) membrane of parotid acinar cells, but not for actin. The positive expression of alpha-amylase in the primary generation, generation 1, 2 and 3 was 79.6%, 76%, 47.7% and 2.4%, respectively, which decreased gradually. There was a significant difference between the second generation and two earlier generations(P0.05).The primary and first generations of parotid acinar cells maintain their characteristics and proliferation in vitro,which is very useful for further experiment.

To approach the effects on induction of differentiation of Tca8113 cells affected by abscisic acid.The changes of surface differentiation markers, cell configuration, restrain of cell growth and the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA were examined by using inverted-phase contrast microscope, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization in vitro. The dependablity between the surface differentiation markers and Caspase-3 mRNA was analysed.The restraint of cell growth in ABA groups was higher than that of the control group (P0.05). There was a trend that the tumor cell had transformed the normal cell. Furthermore, the time-dosage dependent relationship existed in the inhibition rate of tumor cells. The results showed that the expressions of Involucrin protein, retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) and Caspase-3 mRNA in experimental group had been higher than that of control group. There was a significance between the different concentration experimental groups at 24 h (P0.05). Moreover, the positive correlation existed among the Involucrin, RARbeta and Caspase-3 mRNA at the time of 12 hour and 24 hour (P0.05).The possible mechanism is that abscisic acid acted on the tumor cell and raised the level of RARbeta gene through combining the correlative receptors so that increased the expression of Involucrin protein and promoted the activity of Caspase-3 and resulted in apoptosis of tumor cell.

To investigate the differently expressed Homeobox genes between lingual squmaous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa.Seven paired specimens including lingual squmaous cell carcinoma and its surrounding normal tissue were obtained from 7 patients. Customized Oligo microarray which contains numerous probes of 232 human Homeobox genes was used to analyse the results. All datas were scanned by Agilent scanner and differentiately expressed genes were sorted out.Homeobox gene NANOG was found up-regulated in 5 samples. PHTF2 was found down-regulated in 7 samples, and CRX, PITX1, OTEX was found down-regulated in 5 samples.As the key gene to cellular proliferation and differentiation, Homeobox genes is closely releverant to the oncogenesis of lingual squmaous cell carcinoma.

To search for specific serum biomarkers associated with tongue cancer by means of the serum proteomics technology.The tongue cancer cells of human tongue cancer cell line Tca8113 were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice, while control nude mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline. Serums from these two group of mice were collected for proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS).Comparing the serum 2-DE maps from the tumor-bearing mice with those produced from control mice, we found that squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 was over expressed only in the serum of tumor-bearing mice.The squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 may be of great potential as the biomarker of tongue cancer and as the potential therapeutic target for gene therapy.

To investigate the effects of cyclic biaxial mechanical stimulation on adhesion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC) extracellular matrix (ECM) and expression of E-cadherin/cateninin complex in the SACC high metastasis cell lines ACC-M, SACC low metastasis cells line ACC-2, we observed the functions of mechanical stimulation in the adhesion of SACC cell-ECM and investigate the mechanism in the adhesion of ACC.Mechanical stimulation were applied to the cells for periods of 1, 3 and 6 hours every day, lasting for 2 days. The amplitude of mechanical stimulation applied to the cells were 1000, 4000 micro strain, at a frequency of 3 Hz. Unstrained cells were used as control. The expression of E-cadherin/cateninin complex on the cell of ACC-M, ACC-2 were studied with laser scanning confocal microscope and image analysis. SACC cell-ECM adhesion was assayed by MTT technique.The results showed that expressions of alpha, beta, gamma-cateninin on the cell of ACC-2 were obviously higher than that ACC-M and E-cadherin on the cell of ACC-M were obviously higher than that ACC-2 without mechanical stimulation. Mechanical stimulation can change the expression of E-cadherin/cateninin complex on the cell of ACC-2 and ACC-M with time. The results also showed that cell-ECM adhesion on the cell of ACC-2 were obviously higher than that of ACC-M without mechanical stimulation. Mechanical stimulation can change the cell-ECM adhesion of ACC-2 and ACC-M with time.Mechanical stimulation can change the adhesion of the SACC cell-ECM and expression of E-cadherin/cateninin complex of the SACC cell. We think it played an important role in metastasis of the cancer.

To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein in buccal carcinoma and its biological significance.The expression of HIF-1alpha was assayed by means of immunohistochemical technique in 60 patients. The expression of HIF-1alpha and its relationship with clinical pathological factors and tumor prognosis were investigated and analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis Test.The positive rate of HIF-1alpha was higher in T3-4 than T1-2, and the positive rate of HIF-1alpha was higher in patients with cervical lymphatic metastasis than patients without cervical lymphatic metastasis. Patients with HIF-1alpha over-expression had poor prognosis than patients with HIF-1alpha lower expression.Over-expression of HIF-1alpha is a vital biological marker in prognosis of buccal cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features and therapeutic efficacy of malignant sublingual gland tumors. PatientsandMethods: From 1955 to 2005, the clinicopathologic data of 28 patients treated in our hospital were obtained from their medical records and histopathologic slides. Results: There were 16 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 50.3 years. Eighteen cases (64.3%) were adenoid cystic carcinoma; 16 (57.1%) cases were clinically staged as III–IV. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was mainly of the histologic type, and the other histologic classifications included mucoepidermoid carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma and malignant pleomorphic adenoma. Pulmonary metastasis and tumor recurrence were the main death reasons. Eleven patients remain alive and well 34–312 months (median 108) after treatment. Conclusions: Malignant sublingual gland tumors are extremely rare and most are adenoid cystic carcinoma. Surgery is the main treatment option. For adenoid cystic carcinoma, hematogenous spread is common, and pulmonary metastasis is a common pathway of the distant metastasis. For some patients having lung metastasis, regional control is also important as there are some examples of patients surviving many years with asymptomatic pulmonary metastases. Postoperative radiation therapy may be adjuvant for selected patients with high-stage and high-grade tumors, or when there is concern about the inadequacy of the resection. The effect of chemotherapy remains elusive.

To study the feasibility of close and three-dimensional reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh.Among 11 patients with maxillary tumors, 9 were malignant and 2 were benign. 8 cases underwent subtotal maxillectomy and 3 cases underwent total maxillectomy. Maxillary defects were closely reconstructed combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft (BFP), temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) and titanium mesh to restore the profile of maxilla.All flaps were alive with satisfactory function and aesthetic appearance. The uncovered BFP and the facial muscle surface of TMF epithelialized within 4-6 weeks. Their degree of mouth opening ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 cm and without nasal foods return. All patients had a good voice quality.Making use of BFP, TMF and titanium mesh can restore the good contour and function of maxillary. It is an effective method of reconstruction of maxillary defects, and is easy to manipulate. It is worthy to popularization.

OBJECTIVE; To determine the clinical value of preoperative in vivo location of sentinel lymph node (SLN) by lymphoscintigraphy (LS) in oral carcinoma.10 patients with oral carcinoma were included in this study (7 male to 3 female). 99mTc-dextron was injected peritumorally 24 h before surgery. Lymphoscintigraphy images were obtained in anterior and lateral views. SLNs were detected and removed with the aid of dye during surgery. A standard radical neck dissection was then performed, and all lymph nodes were analyzed by HE staining.SLNs were successfully detected in 10 regions of 8 patients via lymphoscintigraphy. Consistent with the result of LS, 15 blue-stained SLNs were identified by means of dye method in 8 of 10 regions which the LS images indicated.This study suggests that preoperative in vivo location of SLN via lymphoscintigraphy should be helpful for the application of SLNB in oral carcinoma.

To observe the expression of cyclin D1 in human adnoid cystic carcinoma and its correlation with clinical characters.The expression of cycline D1 was evaluated with immunohistochemical method in forty-one cases of human adnoid cystic carcinoma, 15 cases of PA and 12 cases of normal salivary gland tissue.The expression of cyclin D1 in normal tissue was negative, significantly different from PA and ACC (P0.05). The expression level of PA was significantly lower than ACC (P0.05). High expression of cyclin D1 was correlated with clinical stage and histological classification (P0.05), but not with sex, age, tumor site, recurrence, metastasis.High expression of cyclin D1 promotes the formation and development of ACC.

To investigate the effects and mechanism of TNBG on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY-7701.The 3H-TdR incorporation and MTT assay were used to test the effects of anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity respectively, the morphological changes of the cancer cells were examined under light and electron microscopes. The Flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.Marked anti- proliferation effect was observed after intervention of 2 microg/ml TNBG for 24 hours,and TNBG killed the cells in concentrition- and time-dependent manners. A lot of lipid droplets accumulated at the cytoplasm under light microscopy, and were confirmed by electron microscopy. Furthermore,the cells showed G2/M arrest and apoptosis.The above findings indicate that TNBG inhibits proliferation of tumor cells, induces apoptosis of tumor cells, and thus produces its antitumor effect.

A retrospective clinic study is presented of surgical patients undergoing a modified parotidectomy with conserving the sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (sub-SMAS) and great auricular nerve and reconstructing by the stemocleidomastoid flap (SF). The incidence of clinical complications was observed after the parotidectomy.226 patients were divided randomly into four groups. Group 1 (94 cases) were operated by the conserving the sub-SMAS. Group 2 were operated by the sub-SMAS and constructed by SF. Group 3 (57 cases) were treated by the subcutaneous flap (sub-CF). Group 4 (33 cases) were received by sub-CF and SF. The surgical technique was described and the incidence of clinical Frey's syndrome was evaluated by minor test (starch-iodine test) and observed gustatory sweating syndrome. The feeling and concave of the region of auricular lobule were followed up.The incidence of Frey's syndrome in group 1 (5.32%) or group 2 (4.76%) was significantly lower than that of group 3 (49.1%) or group 4 (51.5%) through by subjective observation and minor test (P0.005). The significance between group with SF and group without SF existed in protecting the concave of the region of auricular lobule (P0.05). The feeling of the region of auricular lobule had no change by preserving the great auricular nerve.There was good effect to prevent gustatory sweating syndrome in parotidectomy of reserve parotid fascia. The aesthetics and sense of the region of auricular lobule could be prevented by using SF and reserving the great auricular nerve.

To look for the best carrier for cultivating oral tissue engineered mucosa.A series of membrane of scaffold materials of polycleclide-co-plycoclide (PLGA) were studied on their weight and biocompatibility after they had been implanted subcutaneously in rabbits for 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks respectively.PLGA I , II, III degraded completely in rabbits after 2, 3, 4 weeks respectively. The other PLGA membrane degraded about 50% after 4 weeks. Histologically, the reactions of PLGA I, II, III with surrounding tissues were normal and membranes had a good biocompatibility.The biodegrading rate of PLGA II is suitable for clinic practice. PLGA II was a promising carrier for oral tissue-engineered mucosa due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegrading rate.

To investigate the variety of proliferating ability of umbilical endothelia (UE) transfected by plasmid pBABE-HYGR-hTERT.UE was identified from two aspects: morphology and CD34 labeling technique. The plasmid was obtained and identified by alkali splitting and gel electrophoresis. Liposomes were used to transfect UE. RT-PCR based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay was used to measure the telomerase activity of endothelia.UE arranged as "cobblestone" and were positive of CD34 labeling. Endothelia transfected by pBABE-HYGR-hTERT(HC) had an raised absorbance of 0.889. The shape of growth curve of HC was similar to UE. But the absorbance of MTT test and the amount of HC were prior to UE at every measuring time and the amount of HC increased four times within 8 days (P0.05).The transfection of pBABE-HYGRO-hTERT had greatly improved the proliferating abilities and activated the telomerase of UE.

To prepare anticancer nanoparticles for targeting therapy for oral cancer lymph node metastasis.The activated carbon nanoparticles (CH-NP) were prepared for drug carrier. Pingyangmycin (PYM), a high sensitive anticancer drug for oral squamous cell carcinoma, were selected as model drug. The activated carbon nanoparticles and PYM were mixed with saline and shaken 20 minutes so that PYM was absorbed on activated carbon enough, resulting in a new formulation of PYM (PYM-CH-NP). The absorbency of PYM on activated carbon nanoparticles was evaluated.The diameter distribution for CH-NP ranged form 136 nm, to 540 nm, the average diameter was 176 nm. The proportion of CH-NP to PYM was increased and more absorbency of PYM on activated carbon nanoparticles was achieved.The activated carbon nanoparticles has high absorbency of PYM. The new formulation PYM-CH-NP can be used as targeting therapy of cervical lymph node metastasis by peri-cancer submucosal injection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cell morphometric factor (FC) and the average density of light in squamous cell carcinomas at the floor of mouth by immunohistochemical method (SABC).The slices made from the paraffin specimens of 28 patients with squamous cell carcinomas at the floor of mouth were stained by the immunohistochemical technique with monoclonal antibody CK10 and CK14. In these stained slices the FC parameters and the average density of light were measured by using an image analysis system.In primitive tumors, the FC parameters and the average density of light were significantly different between positive and negative lymph nodes metastasis or between different pathological grades (P0.05 or0.001). The significance was not existed among clinical stages (P0.05). The difference of FC expressed in positive and negative lymph nodes metastasis were significant (P0.05 or0.001).The cell morphometric factor (FC) parameters and the average density of light of CK10 and CK14 could be used as a biological guideline to evaluate the clinically infiltrative and metastasic potential of squamous cell carcinoma at the floor of mouth.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of vascularized free peroneal flap as a new method for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects.Twenty-one cases received reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects with free vascularized peroneal flaps in our hospital were studied retrospectively. All of the relevant data of operation, such as the cause of the defect, design of the flaps the recipient vessels of the recipient and the complications were investigated.Twenty cases survived, the average size of the vascularized free peroneal flap was 8.5 cm x 5.25 cm.It is safe and reliable to use free peroneal flap to reconstruct the oral maxillofacial defects.

To study the Ag-NORs expressive character of T lymphocyte in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumor and evaluate its diagnostic value for the patients.Nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) of T lymphocyte from 86 normal adults, 102 patients with oral and maxillofacial benign tumors and 87 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors were analyzed through KL imaging system.There was significant difference among normal adults, benign and malignant patients (P0.01). Their average I.S% values were 7.87 +/- 0.12, 5.72 +/- 0.14, 4.19 +/- 0.13, respectively.The expression of Ag-NORs of T lymphocyte has definite relation with oral and maxillofacial tumors; detection of Ag-NORs might play valuable in diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors.

To transfect nm23-H1 into the BcaCD885 cell lines in order to get safe high-efficiency and low-toxicity, and to find out whether nm23-H1 could affect the invasion and metastases ability of BcaCD885 cell lines.Lipofect was used to transfect nm23-H1 into BcaCD885 cell lines; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the difference expression of nm23-H1 between transfected and non-transfected cell lines; then transwell-room and wash way were used to detect the difference of invasion and metastases ability between transfected and non-transfected cell lines.PCMV-NEO-BAM system gave the stability expression of nm23-H1; there was significant different NDPKA expression between transfected and non-transfected BcaCD885 cell lines; the invasion and metastases ability of transfected BcaCD885 cell lines decreased obviously.nm23-H1 can inhibit the metastases of BcaCD885 cell lines significantly.