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Natural long-chain alkanol and alkyl carboxylic acid were used to prepare novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs). These HDESs are liquid at room temperature and have low viscosity (12.26 mPa‧s), low polarity (lower than that of methanol, ChCl-based deep eutectic solvents and other reported HDESs), and low density (0.928 g/mL). A simple one-pot method based on a novel HDES-water two-phase extraction system was constructed for the extraction of weak-polarity bioactive components, anthraquinones, from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. This HDES-based new extraction method does not consume hazardous organic solvents and can obtain a total anthraquinone yield of 21.52 mg/g, which is close to that obtained by the Chinese pharmacopoeia method (21.22 mg/g) and considerably higher than those by other reported HDESs-based extraction methods (14.20-20.09 mg/g

Довголанцюгові поліненасичені жирні кислоти (ДЛПНЖК) є основними функціональними жирами материнського молока. Переважаючими та функціонально найважливішими ДЛПНЖК є арахідонова (АК) і докозогексаєнова кислота (ДГК). Крім імітації складу грудного молока, існують ще дві важливі причини, щоб додавати ДЛПНЖК у молочні суміші для немовлят. По-перше, немовлята не можуть синтезувати достатню кількість ДЛПНЖК, щоб компенсувати відсутність цих речовин у продуктах харчування. По-друге, тканина мозку, сітківка очей та імунна система потребують великої кількості ДЛПНЖК як будівельного матеріалу та функціональних складових, щоб підтримати інтенсивний ріст і розвиток у ранньому дитинстві. Цей період є критичним для формування та розвитку цих органів, тому оптимальне постачання субстратів є необхідним для їх оптимального функціонування. Ці ідеї в поєднанні з результатами понад 20 рандомізованих контрольованих клінічних випробувань і численних інших досліджень, що доводять позитивний вплив харчових ДЛПНЖК на здоров’я й розвиток немовлят, свідчать про необхідність збагачення продуктів дитячого харчування ДГК і АК. Найбільш вивченими позитивними ефектами такого збагачення є поліпшення зорової функції і когнітивного розвитку дітей раннього віку. Нові дані пов’язують підвищене споживання ДЛПНЖК із корисним впливом на імунні функції і серцево-судинну систему малюків.

This current study investigates the effect of blending bio-lubricant with commercial lubricant on physico-chemical and tribological properties. The synthesis of TMP and PE ester are optimized to obtain 100% long chain tetra-esters and extreme care was taken during preparation of bio-lubricant to lessen deterioration of physio-chemical properties by blending with commercial oil. SM grade commercial petrol engine oil was blended with Tri-methylolpropane (TMP) ester, Penta-erythritol (PE) ester derived from Calophyllum-inophyllum in 10, 15, 20 and 25% v/v. The tests for anti-wear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties are conducted on the sample oils on a four-ball wear tester. The friction coefficient and wear of bio-lubricant – commercial oil blends have decreased significantly up to 20% blending percentage. In the extreme pressure test, there is a substantial improvement in the weld load and marked improvement in the load wear index signifying the better load-bearing capacity of commercial oil – bio-lubricant blends. A synergy between bio-lubricant and additives in the commercial oil was found from a metallographic examination of worn balls after the EP test. The optimum volume percent of blend was found to be 15% PE blend and 10% TMP blend for optimum overall performance.

In order to explore effects of long-chain non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) HOTAIR on proliferation and migration of human lens epithelial cells, SRA01/04 cells were selected as the research strain in this study and divided into S1 group (no HOTAIR transfection), S2 group (siHOTAIR transfection), S3 group (siHOTAIR+10 ng/mL TGF-β2), and S4 group (no HOTAIR transfection+10 ng/mL TGF-β2) according to the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and silent HOTAIR treatment. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetric method was applied to detect cell proliferation.Western blot was used for detection of E-cadherin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), Snail, Slug, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and Smad-2 expressions. Results showed that the number of transmembrane cells in S4 group was higher markedly than that of the other groups, but that of S2 group dropped steeply compared with the other groups (P α-SMA (0.64±0.28) decreased sharply compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); Snail (2.51±0.59), Slug (2.11±0.47), and ZEB1 (2.83±0.53) of S4 group rose obviously compared with the other groups, but the above of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); pSmad-2 and pSmad-3 of S4 group elevated greatly compared with the other groups, and those of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HOTAIR high expression could promote TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal trans-differentiation, which was related to TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Dans un contexte d’affirmation du cadre de la transition agroécologique, la stratégie des filières longues pose question, puisqu’elles forment l’essentiel du paysage agroalimentaire français. La compréhension de l’articulation entre les formes d’ancrage territorial des acteurs et leur participation aux dynamiques de transition dans les territoires est essentielle. Cet article interroge le positionnement des filières longues dans un contexte de transition dans un premier temps, puis propose une mise en perspective de deux filières légumineuses – productions emblématiques de la transition agroécologique – en région Occitanie, le projet FILEG et la filière IGP label rouge haricot tarbais. Cette mise en regard conduit à confronter leur mode d’organisation et à discuter dans une troisième partie leur positionnement respectif. Ainsi, il apparaît que les acteurs des filières longues déploient des stratégies à diverses échelles pour répondre à des objectifs de développement, mais aussi pour tirer bénéfice à la fois d’avantages locaux et de coopérations larges. In a context marked by the affirmation of the framework of agroecological transition, agrochains strategy is a source of concern, as they are the major part of French agribusiness environment. The understanding of the link between the territorial anchorage of stakeholders and their contribution to transition dynamics in the territories is essential. First, this paper examines agrochain’s positioning in a context of transition, then offers a perspective on two pulses chains – emblematic crops agroecological transition – in Occitanie region, the FILEG project and the PGI red label haricot tarbais. This view leads to confront their modes of organisation and to debate in a third part about their respective positioning. Thus, it seems that actors of long agrochains implement strategies at various scales to reach development objectives, but also to benefit from local advantages and large cooperations.

Inflammation is one of the primary factors associated with the causation and/or progression of several lifestyle disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a spectrum of disorders, and starts with simple steatosis, progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and then advances to fibrosis, cirrhosis and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma, due to perpetual cycles of insults caused by inflammation and other cellular stress. Emerging evidence has documented that patients with NAFLD have severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and patients with COVID-19 have a higher liver injury and mortality. Although the exact cause or mechanism is not known, inflammatory cytokine storm is a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and is known to be associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be a major concern in NAFLD patients, who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection and develop COVID-19. This is evident in patients at any stage of the NAFLD spectrum, as the inflammatory cytokine storm may cause and/or aggravate the progression or severity of NAFLD. Thus, there is a need for resolution of the inflammatory cytokine storm in these patients. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) in NAFLD conditions, due to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties. Therefore, intervention with ω-3 LCPUFA, an effective pharmaconutrient along with the standard treatment for COVID-19 may be useful in the management of the NAFLD spectrum in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing NAFLD conditions by resolving the inflammatory cytokine storm and thereby attenuating its progression. Although there are challenges in implementation, optimistically they can be circumvented and the pharmaconutrition strategy may be potentially helpful in tackling both the pandemics; NAFLD and COVID-19 at least in this subset of patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of sodium long chain polyphosphate (SLCPP) and effect of dietary supplementation of SLCPP on growth performance, organ characteristics, blood metabolites, and intestinal microflora of broilers. Antimicrobial activities of SLCPP were observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar well diffusion assay. In addition, SLCPP demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, to investigate the dietary effect of SLCPP, a total of 480 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups (4 replicates per group, 40 birds in each replicate): an antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal basal diet (NC); basal diet + enramycin 0.01% (PC); and basal diet + 0.1% SLCPP (SPP). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed with SLCPP had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase (days 7 to 21) (p < 0.05). Except for blood urea nitrogen, all other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by the dietary supplementation of SLCPP. Compared to the control group, lengths of the duodenum and ileum in the SPP group were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Moreover, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total aerobes, and Streptococcus spp. in jejunum as well as LAB in cecum were increased in the SPP group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of SLCPP might promote the growth of broilers in their early growth phase.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) mostly occurs in infants and young children with weak resistance. Surgical treatment causes great damage to children’s appearance, so adjuvant chemotherapy is needed to reduce the damage. But chemotherapeutic resistance affects treatment effectiveness and may even lead to the death of the child. Exploring the specific mechanism of drug resistance in Rb children is helpful to improve the therapeutic effect. It was found that the relative expression in Rb cell Y79, SO-Rb50, and HXO-Rb44 was greatly higher than that in normal hum an retinal cells. After transfection of SI-HIF1A-AS1 into Rb cells, the expression of lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 was decreased greatly, and the level of HIF-1α was down-regulated. Suppress lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 expression can reduce cell proliferation and improve apoptosis. Based on the overexpression of HIF-1α, the cell proliferation ability was restored partially, and the apoptosis ability was reduced greatly. When cells were cultured with vincristine, we found that suppress lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 expression can decrease cell survival, and overexpression of HIF-1α improved cell survival. The above results confirmed that inhibition of lncRNA HIF1AAS1 expression could reduce drug resistance of Y97 cells, while overexpression of HIF-1α can antagonize the drug resistance of low expression lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 against Rb cells. Therefore, this study suggests that lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 may regulate Rb cells’ resistance to vincristine by regulating HIF-1α expression.

There is wide-scale acceptance of the benefits of a diet containing oily fish as being preventative of metabolic pathologies such as CVD, and this health-protection is due to the presence of EPA and DHA, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are normally only present in the aquatic ecosystems, and as such, are sourced from either fish oils or microalgae. In the former, this requires environmentally undesirable depletion of ocenanic fish stocks, or in the latter, expensive culture by fermentation. A third alternative is to use transgenic plants engineered to make EPA and DHA as non-native enhancements to the seed oil profile.

In the melt blowing process, the molten polymers extruded from nozzles are elongated by high-velocity and high-temperature air flow. In this study, with the aim of stabilizing the melt blowing process for producing nonwoven webs with fine diameter fibers, the effect of the control of polymer rheology by the introduction of either low melt flow rate (MFR) polypropylene (PP) or long chain branched PP (LCB-PP) to regular high MFR PP was investigated. Introduction of low MFR PP into regular PP increased shear viscosity and fibers of larger diameter were produced in the melt blowing process, while introduction of low MFR LCB-PP suppressed the elongational viscosity reduction with the increase of strain rate, and eventually spinning was stabilized. It was found that the blending of an optimum amount of LCB-PP to regular PP caused the stabilization of the melt blowing process. As a result, the formation of nonwoven webs consisting of fine fibers of rather uniform diameter distribution could be achieved.

Red and green varieties of Syzygium samarangense, commonly known as Jamrul, are very popular as seasonal fruits to all ages of people in Bangladesh. Objective of the work was chemical and biological activity studies of S. samarangense red and green varieties grown in Bangladesh. Air-dried fruits of S. samarangense were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol. The moisture and ash content of the raw fruits were determined by thermal heating at 105 and 700℃, respectively. Different biologically important functional groups were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The n-hexane, DCM and methanolic extracts were tested for cytotoxicity against HeLa and Vero cell lines. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity in the three extracts of both varieties were determined. The moisture content and ash content were 92% and 90%, and 0.12% and 0.16% in red variety and green variety, respectively. UV-Vis spectrum revealed the presence of long chain conjugation or polycyclic aromatic chromophores in n-hexane, DCM and methanolic extracts of S. samarangense. The DCM extract of both varieties had highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity compared to n-hexane and methanol extracts. The study concludes that the fruit of S. samarangense (red and green variety) grown in Bangladesh are rich source of phytochemicals which possess antioxidant activity and safe to health for their non-cytotoxic properties. The green variety contains more phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than red variety.

Marine oomycetous species produce, among other fatty acids, omega-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) and omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with implications for the industrial potential of this group of organisms and the need to find an isolate with high production. This study screened 14 isolates of marine oomycetous species: Halophytophthora avicenniae, H. batemanensis, H. exoprolifera, H. polymorphica and Salispina spinosa cultured from fallen mangrove leaves in Taiwan for 24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their mycelia. This paper is the first to report C18:1n-7 vaccenic acid, C20:1 eicosenoic acid, C24:1 nervonic acid, C20:2n-6 eicosadienoic acid, C22:4n-6 adrenic acid, C20:4n-3 eicosatetraenoic acid and C22:5n-3 docosapentaenoic acid in mycelia of Halophytophthora and Salispina species, and the fatty acid profiles of H. batemanensis and H. exoprolifera. Five fatty acids were dominant in the mycelia of the isolates, i.e. C16:0 palmitic acid, C18:1n-9 oleic acid, C18:2n-6 linoleic acid, C20:4n-6 arachidonic acid and C20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid. For the essential fatty acids, S. spinosa produced the highest level of arachidonic acid (27–31% of total fatty acid (TFA), 141–188 mg l−1 yield) while H. avicenniae IMB212 produced the highest percentage of EPA (15% of TFA) while H. polymorphica IMB227 produced the highest yield (96 mg l−1). Different species and isolates of the same species produced different fatty acid profiles, and further research effort may yield a high production isolate of industrial significance and also important fatty acids from the marine environment.

In this work we report a lipidomics approach to study the effects of two diet systems on the composition of ovine milk. Milk from two groups of Sarda sheep grazing on 40% (P40) and 60% (P60) of pasture were analyzed by a UHPLC-QTOF-MS analytical platform and data submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. Pairwise partial least square discriminant analysis of the lipid profile of the data was carried out to classify samples and to find discriminant lipids. The two dietary groups were characterized by differences in triacylglycerols, phosphocholines and phosphatidylethanolamines levels. Discriminants of the P40 group were TG and PC containing in their backbone saturated medium chain FA thus suggesting greater de novo fatty synthesis in the mammary gland. On the other hand, the P60 group was characterized by TG and PC formed by unsaturated long chain FA originating from the diet or from lipid mobilization.

The aim of this work was to develop self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol in cod liver oil, a long chain lipid, to increase its solubility, dissolution rate and oral b...

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle of a porcupinefish species inhabiting waters around the Ryukyu Islands to investigate their potential as a source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Design/methodology/approach Porcupinefish were collected along the Okinawa Island coast. The composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in both liver and muscle were analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Findings The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish was rich in lipids whose content correlated to the proportion of liver/body weight. Fatty acid compositions in their liver and muscles were similar to each other. LC-PUFAs occupied 44% of total fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being the dominant (42%), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid occupied 2.4%. The liver contained 1,690 mg of cholesterol and 14.8 g of DHA per 100 g, whose proportion decreased in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.036). Originality/value The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish, which has not yet been commercially used although its non-toxicity is claimed, can be an excellent source of LC-PUFAs, especially DHA, accentuating its potential in food supplements’ production.

Newly isolated Basic Red 9-degrading bacteria were isolated from textile wastewater using a pretreatment method. Nine strains were isolated; however, only five strains accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Thereafter, PHA-producing strains were identified through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and phylogenetic evaluation and were found to belong to Enterobacter with 100% identification. The five isolated strains were incubated with a PHAs-producing medium containing 100 mg/l Basic Red 9 (BR9) to study decolorization efficiency, and PHAs production. Enterobacter sp. strains TS3 and TS1L effectively decolorized the BR9 dye with degradation rates of 63.43% and 79.15%, respectively. PHAs production from TS3 and TS1L was also observed to be 75.34% and 72.32% of dry cell weight (DCW), respectively. Furthermore, Enterobacter sp. strains TS3 and TS1L accumulated medium-co-long-chain-length PHAs (mcl-co-lcl PHAs). This is the first report using Enterobacter strains to degrade BR9 dyes from textile wastewater and to assess their ability to produce mcl-co-lcl PHAs.

Bimetallic catalysts have shown promise for improving polar comonomer incorporation by late transition metals, but such effects are underexplored using early transition metal catalysts. Herein, the copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins bearing alcohol groups was performed using mono- and dizirconium bisamine bisphenolate catalysts in the presence of MAO and Al^iBu₃. Under these conditions, catalyst activity was retained with comonomer incorporation trends mirroring those observed with unfunctionalized α-olefins, i.e., lower incorporation by bimetallic catalysts. Although incorporation levels are low, these data provide mechanistic insight for polar comonomer incorporation. These results are consistent with our earlier proposal that larger comonomers sterically clash with the distal metal center of the bimetallic catalysts, leading to lower incorporation. Additionally, a bimetallic mechanism for polar comonomer coordination and incorporation is not supported by the current data.

The lack of effective lignin valorization technology remains a major barrier to utilize lignocellulose for producing biofuels and biochemicals. In this work, a new technology via the three‐phase three‐dimensional electro‐Fenton reaction was employed for the first time to convert lignin or its derived aromatics. The operating parameters were optimized by central composite design, which was controlled to prompt the synthesis of long‐chain fatty acids from lignin instead of degrading lignin to CO2. Under the optimized condition, the yields of palmitic acid and octadecanoic acid from lignin reached 138.41 and 112.31 mg/g, respectively. Key intermediators were identified during the electrolysis of lignin model compound using gas chromatography–quantitative time of flight mass spectrometry. The mechanism for the production of long‐chain fatty acids from lignin was proposed. Lignin successively underwent degradation, opening ring, and couple reactions and produced free radicals. This study is the first to report the conversion of lignin into the precursor of biodiesel or advanced biofuels through electro‐Fenton electrolysis at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. This study provides an environment‐friendly route for direct conversion of lignin into high‐value added products as a new strategy to valorize this undervalued component in lignocellulosic biomass.

Consumers feeding at the aquatic–terrestrial ecosystem interface may obtain a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial diet resources that vary in nutritional composition. However, in lake riparian spiders, the relative significance of aquatic versus terrestrial diet sources remains to be explored. We investigated the trophic transfer of lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from emergent aquatic and terrestrial insects to spiders at varying distances from the shoreline of a subalpine lake in Austria, using differences in fatty acid profiles and compound-specific stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes. The omega-3 PUFA content of emergent aquatic insects was higher than that of terrestrial insects. Emergent aquatic insects contained on average 6.6 times more eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.2 times more α-linolenic acid (ALA) than terrestrial insects, whereas terrestrial insects contained on average 2.6 times more linoleic acid (LIN) than emergent aquatic insects. Spiders sampled directly on the lake and in upland habitats had similar EPA contents, but this EPA was derived from different diet sources, depending on the habitat. The δ13CEPA and δ2HEPA values of ‘lake spiders' revealed an aquatic diet pathway (i.e. EPA of aquatic origin). In contrast, EPA of spiders collected in terrestrial habitats was depleted in both 13C and 2H compared to any potential food sources, and their ALA isotopic values, suggesting that EPA was partly bioconverted from its dietary precursor ALA (i.e. internal pathway). The δ2H values of fatty acids clearly indicated that diet sources differed depending on the spider's habitat, which was less evident from the δ13C values of the fatty acids. Our data highlight that spiders can use two distinct pathways (trophic versus metabolic) to satisfy their physiological EPA demand, depending on habitat use and dietary availability. published

When designing sparse flexibility structures, the long chain is the best candidate. Theoretical results and empirical evidence show that the long chain structure can achieve a really good performance. This performance is compromised when assumptions presented in the literature are relaxed. The most restrictive assumption when designing flexibility structures in real-world applications is that the demands in the network are identically distributed. In this paper we intend to relax that assumption and consider arbitrary demand distributions. We leverage our methodology on existing results and build sparse flexibility structure with at most O(2n) and O(3n). The proposed structures show promising results by achieving almost optimal performance several systems with arbitrary distributions. Al diseñar estructuras de flexibilidad dispersas, la long chain es la mejor candidata. Los resultados teóricos y la evidencia empírica muestran que la estructura de cadena long chain puede lograr un desempeño realmente bueno. Este desempeño se ve comprometido cuando se relajan los supuestos presentados en la literatura. El supuesto más restrictivo cuando se diseñan estructuras de flexibilidad en aplicaciones del mundo real es que las demandas en la red están distribuidas de forma idéntica. En este artículo pretendemos relajar ese supuesto y considerar distribuciones de demanda arbitrarias. Apalancamos nuestra metodología en los resultados existentes y construimos estructuras de flexibilidad dispersas con como máximo O(2n) y O(3n) arcos flexibles que funciona casi tan bien como la estructura completamente flexible para varios sistemas con distribuciones arbitrarias. Magíster en Ingeniería Industrial Maestría

Abstract. During the last 100 years official dietary guidelines have recommended an increased consumption of fats derived from seeds while decreasing the consumption of traditional fats, especially saturated fats. These recommendations are being challenged by recent studies. Furthermore, the increased use of refining processes in fat production had deleterious health effects. Today, the number of high-quality studies on fatty acids is large enough to make useful recommendations on clinical application and everyday practice. Saturated fats have many beneficial functions and palmitic acid appears to be problematic only when it is synthesized due to excess fructose consumption. Trans fatty acids were shown to be harmful when they are manmade but beneficial when of natural origin. Conjugated linoleic acid has many benefits but the isomer mix that is available in supplement form differs from its natural origin and may better be avoided. The ω3 fatty acid linolenic acid has rather limited use as an anti-inflammatory agent – a fact that is frequently overlooked. On the other hand, the targeted use of long chain ω3 fatty acids based on blood analysis has great potential to supplement or even be an alternative to various pharmacological therapies. At the same time ω6 fatty acids like linoleic acid and arachidonic acid have important physiological functions and should not be avoided but their consumption needs to be balanced with long chain ω3 fatty acids. The quality and quantity of these fats together with appropriate antioxidative protection are critical for their positive health effects.

As the main components of synthetic hydrocarbons obtained using gas to liquid conversion technologies, long-chain alkanes and alcohols play an important role in the Fischer–Tropsch process. So the ...

Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrition Society convened a panel of stakeholders for a 1-day workshop in late 2019. Attendees discussed the new NASEM guidelines for establishing DRI values based on chronic disease risk endpoints and the strength of current evidence for EPA and DHA as it relates to the new guidelines. Novelty: Summarizes evidence and expert opinions regarding the potential for reviewing DRI values for EPA and DHA and cardiovascular disease risk and early development.

Rapid detection of long-chain alcohol vapors with high energy is highly desirable owing to their inflammable and explosive properties. However, chemoresistive sensors based on metal oxides have bee...

This study assessed the potential of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) enrichment in red earthworm (Eisenia fetida, REW), via the addition of fish oil (FO, anchovy oil) to the culture-compost. FO addition to compost was tested at graded inclusion doses (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/100 g compost) and for different timeperiods, up to 96h. Dose, time, as well as dose and time interactions of FO compost enrichment had significant effects on all fatty acids of earthworm bodies. The enrichment with 10 g FO/100 g compost sharply increased DHA levels of the worms (14.01 mol%) within just 24 h, compared to the control group (0.92 mol%). Similar increases (ranging between 10.99 and 15.55 mol%) occurred only after 48 and 96 h in lower FO enrichment levels (2.5 and 5.0 g/100 g compost, respectively). Therefore, it was concluded that, to obtain maximum n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment efficiency in REW, an enrichment period of 24 h is ideal and recommended for the 10 g FO/ 100 g compost, whereas longer enrichment periods (48-96 h) are more suitable for lower levels of FO inclusions (2.5 or 5 g/100 g compost).

We previously showed that the hybridization of water-insoluble 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) with water-soluble long-chain amidoamine derivatives yields hydrogels composed of self-assembled helical ...

A series of long-chain branched polylactide (LCB PLA)/poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) blends with different low amounts of PDLA were prepared by a solution blending method. The formation of stereocomple...

Introduction Triheptanoin provides long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder (LC-FAOD) patients with an alternative to medium-even-chain triglycerides therapy. Material-methods Retrospective analysis of 18 French LC-FAOD patients benefiting from early access to triheptanoin treatment. Results Eight female and 10 male patients with LC-FAOD (VLCAD, LCHAD, CACT, CPTII and MTP) were treated with triheptanoin for a median duration of 22 months (range: 9–228 months). At last consultation, triheptanoin accounted for 15–35% of their daily caloric intake. In the year following the introduction of triheptanoin, patients reported a reduction of intermittent snacking and nocturnal meals. Three patients, including 1 adult, became free of severe hypoglycaemic events. Ten of 12 paediatric patients and 4 of 6 adult patients reported reduced fatigue with reductions in the number and severity of episodes of myalgia. Of 6 patients, including 1 adult, that had required the use of a wheelchair in the year prior to triheptanoin, all but one no longer required its use. The number of emergency hospitalizations decreased, and none were recorded for paediatric patients during these 12 months. Cumulative annual days of emergency care in the home were reduced from 286 to 51 days in the year before and after initiation, respectively, and 13 patients required no such interventions. Adverse events were limited to digestive issues that dissipated over time. Conclusions Our case-series suggests that long-term treatment of LC-FAOD paediatric and adult patients with triheptanoin is safe and leads to marked improvement of symptoms and an improved quality of life.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core symptoms such as impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, and restricted interests. To date, there are no effective treatments for these core symptoms. Several studies have shown that the brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission system is altered in both ASD patients and animal models of the disease. Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that targeting 5-HT receptors may treat the core symptoms of ASD and associated intellectual disabilities. In fact, stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor reduces repetitive and restricted behaviors; blockade of the 5-HT2A receptor reduces both learning deficits and repetitive behavior, and activation of the 5-HT7 receptor improves cognitive performances and reduces repetitive behavior. On such a basis, we have designed novel arylpiperazine derivatives pursuing unprecedently reported activity profiles: dual 5-HT7/5-HT1A receptor agonist properties and mixed 5-HT7 agonist/5-HT1A agonist/5-HT2A antagonist properties. Seventeen new compounds were synthesized and tested in radioligand binding assay at the target receptors. We have identified the dual 5-HT1AR/5-HT7R agonists 8c and 29 and the mixed 5-HT1AR agonist/5-HT7R agonist/5-HT2AR antagonist 20b. These compounds are metabolically stable in vitro and have suitable central nervous system druglike properties.

BACKGROUND The Omega-3 Index (OI) is a proposed marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Another index, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio has also been proposed as a possible risk marker for CAD. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to characterize the Canadian population subgroups that have an undesirable OI (

Two types of long-chained pyridinium N-chloramines were designed and synthesised by covalent linking a N-chloramine unit and a long intact alkyl chain via varied alkylation of 3-hydroxypyridine. Preliminary antibacterial tests showed that both synthetic pyridinium N-chloramines exerted distinctively elevated biocidal efficacy in contrast to previously reported pyridinium N-chloramines that lack a long chain. Such enhanced bactericidal behaviour was probably caused by ‘synergistic’ biocidal action between the N-chloramine moiety and the long-chained pyridinium moiety.