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The discharge time dependence of key parameters of electrostatic capacitors employing a dielectric composed of the oxide film formed on titanium via anodization, saturated with various aqueous ion solutions, that is tube-super dielectric materials (T-SDM), was thoroughly documented for the first time. The capacitance, dielectric constant, and energy density of novel paradigm supercapacitors (NPS) based on T-SDM saturated with various concentrations of NaNO₃, NH₄Cl, or KOH were all found to roll-off with decreasing discharge time in a fashion well described by simple power law relations. In contrast, power density, also well described by a simple power law, was found to increase with decreasing discharge time, in fact nearly reaching 100 W/cm³ for both 30 wt% KOH and NaNO₃ solution-based capacitors at 0.01 s, excellent performance for pulsed power. For all capacitors, the dielectric constant was tested, which was greater than 10⁵ for discharge times >0.01 s, confirming the materials are in fact T-SDM. The energy density for most of the capacitors was greater than 80 J/cm³ of dielectric at a discharge time of 100 s, once again demonstrating that these capacitors are competitive for energy storage not only with existing commercial supercapacitors but also with the best prototype carbon-based supercapacitors

This research was designed to characterize the frequency response of Novel Paradigm (NP) Supercapacitors employing Nanotube Super Dielectric Materials as dielectrics. The result of tests with nine capacitors, each with a unique aqueous salt solution, provided detailed information required to design short pulse systems. This detailed information is required for engineering analysis of NP Supercapacitors in systems of interest to the U.S. Navy (USN) such as the railgun, electromagnetic aircraft launch system, and free electron laser. Key findings show salt identity and concentration impact performance, very high energy densities (>150 J/cm3) are found for slow discharges (~100 s), and power density increases as discharge rate increases. Finally, the best power density measured at a discharge rate relevant to USN application (~0.01 s) was 90 W/cm3 using an aqueous salt identity of 30 wt% Ammonium Chloride. This is a significant improvement (>3x) relative to available commercial supercapacitors.

This research was designed to characterize the frequency response of Novel Paradigm (NP) Supercapacitors employing Nanotube Super Dielectric Materials as dielectrics. The result of tests with nine capacitors, each with a unique aqueous salt solution, provided detailed information required to design short pulse systems. This detailed information is required for engineering analysis of NP Supercapacitors in systems of interest to the U.S. Navy (USN) such as the railgun, electromagnetic aircraft launch system, and free electron laser. Key findings show salt identity and concentration impact performance, very high energy densities (>150 J/cm3) are found for slow discharges (~100 s), and power density increases as discharge rate increases. Finally, the best power density measured at a discharge rate relevant to USN application (~0.01 s) was 90 W/cm3 using an aqueous salt identity of 30 wt% Ammonium Chloride. This is a significant improvement (>3x) relative to available commercial supercapacitors., http://archive.org/details/characterization1094553012, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.