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2. Phytogeographic Meta-Analysis of the Vascular Epiphytes in the Neotropical Region

Author

Marcusso, Gabriel Mendes, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, Borgiani, Renan, Neto, Luiz Menini, and Lombardi, Julio Antonio

Subjects
Plants -- Distribution -- Varieties, Tropics, Biological diversity, Botanical research, Biogeography, Company distribution practices, Biological sciences
Abstract

The Neotropical Region (NR) is one of the areas with the most plant diversity globally, and its richness of vascular epiphyte (VE) species is higher than Africa and Asia combined. This richness is a consequence of the heterogeneous climate and geological history of the region, both factors also being responsible for the plant distribution patterns. Here, we aimed to explore the phytogeographic relationships of the VE in the NR using 14,636 identified records from 173 surveys exclusively of VE, carried out in 14 countries and 23 biogeographic provinces, comprising 3849 identified species. We assessed the floristic patterns and relationships with climatic variables by multivariate analysis (cluster and ordination analyses). The clustering formed 13 main groups, partly corresponding to the biogeographic units of the NR. Our results demonstrate consistent floristic patterns confirmed through the analysis of floristic similarity, corroborating previous biogeographic classifications in well-studied areas, while broader patterns were found in poorly studied areas. We found a floristic gradient pattern, which allowed us to understand the relationships between environmental conditions and floristic patterns. Furthermore, we discuss our results under the light of the history that likely shaped the current distribution patterns and richness of the VE in the NR. The VE proved to be an important model for testing biogeographic classifications. We encourage the studies of this synusia in the several geographical gaps that remain in the NR, which undoubtedly will improve further studies and support conservationist policies. Keywords Amazon * Andes * Atlantic forest * Biogeography * Central America * Flora, Introduction The Neotropical Region (NR) extends from Mexico to Argentina (Morrone, 2014) and presents the greatest number of plant species on Earth (Raven et al., 2020), concentrated mainly in the [...]

Published
2022
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5. ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES : a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Author

Ramos, Flavio Nunes, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Monalisa-Francisco, Nathalia, Elias, João Pedro Costa, Neto, Luiz Menini, Freitas, Leandro, Kersten, Rodrigo, Amorim, André Márcio, Matos, Fernando Bittencourt, Nunes-Freitas, André Felippe, Alcantara, Suzana, Alexandre, Marcia Helena Nagahama, de Almeida-Scabbia, Renata Jimenez, de Almeida, Odair José Garcia, Alves, Fernanda Eliane, de Oliveira Alves, Rogério Marcos, Alvim, Francine Seehaber, de Andrade, Antônio Carlos Silva, de Andrade, Simone, Aona, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme, Araujo, Andréa Cardoso, de Araújo, Kelianne Carolina Targino, Ariati, Vanessa, Assis, Julia Camara, de Azevedo, Cecília Oliveira, Barbosa, Bruno Ferreira, Barbosa, Daniel Elias Ferreira, dos Reis Barbosa, Fernando, de Barros, Fabio, Basilio, Geicilaine Alves, Bataghin, Fernando Antonio, Bered, Fernanda, Bianchi, Juliana Santos, Blum, Christopher Thomas, Boelter, Carlos Renato, Bonnet, Annete, Brancalion, Pedro Henrique Santin, Breier, Tiago Bӧer, de Toledo Brion, Caio, Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto, Cabral, Andressa, Cadorin, Tiago João, Caglioni, Eder, Canêz, Luciana, Cardoso, Pedro Henrique, de Carvalho, Fábia Silva, Carvalho, Renan Gonçalves, Catharino, Eduardo Luis Martins, Ceballos, Sergio Javier, Cerezini, Monise Terra, César, Ricardo Gomes, Cestari, Cesar, Chaves, Cleber Juliano Neves, Citadini-Zanette, Vanilde, Coelho, Luiz Francisco Mello, Coffani-Nunes, João Vicente, Colares, Renato, Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, de Medeiros Corrêa, Nadjara, da Costa, Andrea Ferreira, da Costa, Grênivel Mota, Costa, Laís Mara Santana, Costa, Natália Gabriela Souza, Couto, Dayvid Rodrigues, Cristofolini, Caroline, da Cruz, Ana Carolina Rodrigues, Del Neri, Leopoldo Angelo, di Pasquo, Mercedes, dos Santos Dias, Aline, do Carmo Dutra Dias, Letícia, Dislich, Ricardo, Duarte, Marília Cristina, Fabricante, Juliano Ricardo, Farache, Fernando Henrique Antoniolli, de Faria, Ana Paula Gelli, Faxina, Claudenice, Ferreira, Mariana Terrola Martins, Fischer, Erich, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, Fontoura, Talita, Francisco, Talitha Mayumi, Furtado, Samyra Gomes, Galetti, Mauro, Garbin, Mário Luís, de Gasper, André Luís, Goetze, Márcia, Gomes-da-Silva, Janaína, Gonçalves, Mateus Felipe Araujo, Gonzaga, Diego Rafael, Silva, Ana Carolina Granero e, de Camargo Guaraldo, André, de Souza Gomes Guarino, Ernestino, Guislon, Aline Votri, Hudson, Luigy Bitencourt, Jardim, Jomar Gomes, Jungbluth, Patricia, dos Santos Kaeser, Selma, Kessous, Igor Musauer, Koch, Natália Mossmann, Kuniyoshi, Yoshiko Saito, Labiak, Paulo Henrique, Lapate, Maria Esther, Santos, Ana Carolina Laurenti, Leal, Roberta Luísa Barbosa, Leite, Felipe Silveira, Leitman, Paula, Liboni, Ana Paula, Liebsch, Dieter, Lingner, Débora Vanessa, Lombardi, Julio Antonio, Lucas, Eve, dos Reis Luzzi, Jhonny, Mai, Patricia, Mania, Luiz Felipe, Mantovani, Waldir, Maragni, Angelica Guidoni, Marques, Marcia Cristina Mendes, Marquez, Gonzalo, Martins, Cristiane, do Nascimento Martins, Laura, Martins, Pedro Luiz Sanglard Silva, Mazziero, Frederico Fregolente Faracco, de Aguiar Melo, Camila, de Melo, Maria Margarida Fiuza, Mendes, Alex Fernando, Mesacasa, Letícia, Morellato, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Muller, Adelcio, da Silva Murakami, Mariana Moreira, Cecconello, Edinete, Nardy, Camila, Nervo, Michelle Helena, Neves, Beatriz, Nogueira, Matheus Guimarães Cardoso, Nonato, Fabiana Regina, de Oliveira-Filho, Ary Teixeira, de Oliveira, César Pedro Lopes, Overbeck, Gerhard Ernst, Marcusso, Gabriel Mendes, Paciencia, Mateus Luís Barradas, Padilha, Patricia, Padilha, Peterson Teodoro, Pereira, Ana Clara Alves, Pereira, Luciana Carvalho, Pereira, Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo, Pincheira-Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, Pôrto, Kátia Cavalcanti, Rattis, Ludmila, de Mendonça Reis, Joice Rodrigues, dos Reis, Simone Gonçalves, da Rocha-Pessôa, Thereza Christina, Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte, Rocha, Fernando Souza, Rodrigues, Alba Regina Pereira, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Rogalski, Juliana Marcia, Rosanelli, Roberta Luiza, Rossado, Andrés, Rossatto, Davi Rodrigo, Rother, Débora Cristina, Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos Ramon, Saiter, Felipe Zamborlini, Sampaio, Mauricio Bonesso, Santana, Lucas Deziderio, dos Santos, Juliana Silveira, Sartorello, Ricardo, Sazima, Marlies, Schmitt, Juliane Luzía, Schneider, Geniane, Schroeder, Bruna Grosch, Sevegnani, Lucia, Júnior, Vasconcelos Oliveira Silva, da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues, da Silva, Maria Juliana, Silva, Mércia Patrícia Pereira, Silva, Rafaela Guimarães, Silva, Sandro Menezes, Singer, Rodrigo Bustos, Siqueira, Geovane, Soares, Luis Eduardo, de Sousa, Hildeberto Caldas, Spielmann, Adriano, Tonetti, Vinicius Rodrigues, Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani, Ulguim, Paulo Sérgio Bordoni, van den Berg, Cássio, van den Berg, Eduardo, Varassin, Isabela Galarda, da Silva, Izabela Bitencourt Veloso, Vibrans, Alexander Christian, Waechter, Jorge Luiz, Weissenberg, Erick Willy, Windisch, Paulo Günter, Wolowski, Marina, Yañez, Agustina, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko, Zandoná, Luciano Ramos, Zanella, Camila Martini, Zanin, Elisabete Maria, Zappi, Daniela Cristina, Zipparro, Valesca Bononi, Zorzanelli, João Paulo Fernandes, and Ribeiro, Milton Cezar

Published
2019

28. Chionanthus monteazulensis Zavatin & Lombardi. A. Branch 2023, sp. nov

Author

Zavatin, Danilo Alvarenga, Almeida, Roberto Baptista Pereira, Ramos, Renato, and Lombardi, Julio Antonio

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, Chionanthus monteazulensis, Oleaceae, Biodiversity, Chionanthus, Plantae, Taxonomy, Lamiales
Abstract

Chionanthus monteazulensis Zavatin & Lombardi, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Monte Azul, Serra dos Marombas, 15.138ºS, 42.785ºW, 1165 m, 4 October 2022, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1015 (holotype SPF!, isotypes: HRCB!, P!). Chionanthus monteazulensis is morphologically similar to Chionanthus fluminensis (Miers 1851: 198) Green (1994: 278) by the subsessile leaves with cordate base, but differs by the two stamens (vs. four), by the smaller blades, by the orbicular or wide-elliptic blades (vs. elliptic), by the inflorescence size (6–13 mm vs. 2–5 cm), by the smaller petals (4–7 × 0.7–0.8 mm vs. 10.2–11.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm) and the smaller fruit (2–3 mm vs. 2–3 cm). Shrub ca. 1 m tall; young branches strigulose, covered by whitish simple trichomes; multiple small lenticels conspicuous in older branches; leaves opposite, exstipulate; subsessile, petiole 1–2 mm long, strigulose; blade (1–)1.8–2.9 × (1.2–)1.7–1.9(–2.9) cm, wide-elliptic to orbicular, base cordate, apex obcordate to truncate, with short mucro, entire with yellow margin, glabrous on adaxial side, sparsely strigulose on the midbrid on the abaxial side, coriaceous, the venation pinnate, yellow, with 4–5 pairs of secondary veins and 5–6 pairs of tufted domatia in the angles of secondary veins and midrib on the abaxial side, midrib slightly impressed on the adaxial side and prominent on the abaxial side, secondary veins plane to slightly prominent on adaxial side, slightly prominent on the abaxial side, tertiary veins inconspicuous on the adaxial side, almost imperceptible on the abaxial side. Inflorescences 6–13 mm long, with 6–26 flowers, axillary, a short cymose panicle; peduncles 0–5 mm, strigulose, rachis and branches strigulose; bracts 0.7–2.5 mm long, triangular, strigulose; sessile or pedicels 0–2 mm long; calyx tube 0.3 mm long, lobes 4, greenish, 0.6–1.6 mm long, triangular, acute at the apex, strigulose; petals 4, 4–7 × 0.7–0.8 mm, lanceolate, apex rounded, margin revolute, base rounded, greenish on the outside side and whitish on the inside, glabrous, fleshy; stamens 2, 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous, filament 0.3–0.6 mm, cylindrical, fleshy, connective inconspicuous, anther ovate 0.9–1.2 × 0.7–1 mm, one of the stamens sometimes atrophied, ca. 1 mm long, probably infertile; pistil 0.7–1.2 mm long, glabrous, ovary ca. 0.4–0.5 mm long, oblong, superior, 2–locular, with 2 pendulous ovules in each locule, style ca. 0.3–0.6 mm long, stigma ca. 0.1 mm long, terminal, inconspicuously 2–lobed; fruit drupe ca. 2–3 mm, obovoid, hirsute, rugose, green and blackish when ripe, seed 1–2 per fruit, narrow ellipsoid, ca. 1–2 mm. Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Monte Azul, Serra dos Marombas, 15.138ºS, 42.785ºW, 1165 m, 25 April 2023, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1634 (MEXU!, RB!, SPF!); Pico da Formosa, 15°14’15.5”S, 42°49’07.0”W, 1550 m, 28 April 2023, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1710 (SPF!). Phenology: —One specimen of Chionanthus monteazulensis was found flowering in early October and two specimens were found with fruits in late April. Etymology:—The epithet of this species is a tribute to the municipality where the species was collected: Monte Azul, in the north of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This municipality encompass part of the Espinhaço Range surrounded by mountains of campo rupestre, Cerrado and Forests. The region is nowadays considered one of the barriers of knowledge in Brazil due the lack of botanical expeditions; unfortunately, the region has been impacted by speculation for mining and wind energy installation. Habitat and distribution:— Chionanthus monteazulensis is endemic to the municipality of Monte Azul, Minas Gerais state (Fig. 3). Three specimens are recorded from an area of high elevation (1165–1550 m) in rocky outcrops of the campo rupestre vegetation, being two specimens very close to quartzite mining in an area known as Serra dos Marombas and one specimen in a private property known as Pico da Formosa. The occurrence region of C. monteazulensis is in a context of low population density, as a new frontier for the development of potentially environmental impact economic activities. Although livestock and agriculture exist in this region, these generally occur on a small scale for subsistence. In this context fire is not used often, as management of the Caatinga low areas does not allow the formation of pastures, like in the Cerrado areas. Thus, the incidence of fire hot spots and burned areas recurrence are at low index. However, activities that have the potential for localized impacts have expanded in the region, especially clean energy alternatives, such as solar and wind, on producing farms, which extend to greater pristine low-cost areas. These activities are considered low-impact economic alternatives; however, the installation of infrastructure requires road’s constructions, as well as areas where the installation of equipment maintains native vegetation in permanent suppression. But what stands out most is the quartzite stones mining, with a focus on export, used for coatings in various construction kinds. The mining companies officially manifested the intention of exploring in the north (request for mining authorization) and still in the standby initial phase in the south (request for mineral research). The points of occurrence where C. monteazulensis was found are inserted in intended mining areas. As it is possible to determine in the most critical level of rarity defined by Rabinowitz (1981), due to its sparse occurrence (one or two fertile individuals in each occurrence coordinate) and restricted distribution in a specific habitat. Considering the occurrence data and aspects of the species observed in the field, it was only possible to evaluate the 8 km ² Occupation Area (AOO). Among the criteria for defining threat status, it was possible to indicate B2b(ii,iii,iv)DE, suggesting the species as Critically Endangered (CR). We suggest expanding intensive field research activities, in mountainous areas surrounding and in the northern region of Minas Gerais, to better understand the distribution of the species. It is also desirable that aspects of the licensing of mining activities be reviewed, expanding studies and minimizing impacts on the endangered flora. Similar species and remarks:— Chionanthus monteazulensis is a very distinctive species, only similar to C. fluminensis by the subsessile leaves with cordate base. Morphologically the two species are set apart by the stamen number, the size and shape of leaves, inflorescences, petals and fruit. Chionanthus monteazulensis is probably sympatric to C. crassifolius (Martius 1841: 64) Green (1994: 273) but differs easily by the the petiole length, leaf base, leaf shape, inflorescence, petals and fruit size. The species occur in different geographical regions, while C. fluminensis is apparently restricted to rocky outcrops around the city of Rio de Janeiro, C. monteazulensis is known only by the type collection from the north of Minas Gerais State on the border with Bahia State. These features are summarized in Table 1. Additional specimens examined:— Chionanthus fluminensis: Brazil. Minas Gerais: s.d., Widgren s.n. (R 96702!, S). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Horto Florestal, Pedra do Andaraí, 13 May 1947, Mattos Silva s.n. (HRCB!, RB 60184!); Ilha de Vianna, January 1841, Gardner 5541 (BM!, K!); Niterói, Itacoaraci, 28 July 1996, Ormindo et al. s.n. (K!); Rio de Janeiro, 1836, Gomes s.n. (K!); Rio de Janeiro, Horto Florestal, Pedreira Grande, 16 November 1929, Kuhlmann 916 (HRCB!, RB!); Rio de Janeiro, Morro do Flamengo, July 1837, Luschnath 760 (BM!); without locality, 1837, Tweedie s.n. (K!); 1839, Tweedie s.n. (K!); 1844, Widgren s.n. (S); March 1872, Glaziou 3677 (C, K!); March 1872, Glaziou 4932 (C, K!); Widgren s.n. (S). without locality, 1821–1824, Riedel 1157 (NY-2!); Glaziou 4162 (C); Riedel s.n. (S); Widgren 997 (S); Schott s.n. (NY!). Chionanthus crassifolius: Brazil. Bahia: Abaíra, 9 km de Catolés, caminho de Ribeir„o de Baixo a Piat„, Serra do Atalho, descida para os gerais entre Serra do Atalho e a Serra da Tromba, 10 July 1995, Queiroz et al. 4401 (HUEFS); Abaíra, Cachoeira das Anáguas, 26 January 1992, Pirani et al. H 51318 (HRCB, K, NY, SPF); Abaíra, caminho Água Limpa-Guarda Mor, 25 June 1992, Ganev 586 (HUEFS, K, NY); Abaíra, Sal„o da Barra-Campos Gerais do Sal„o, 16 July 1994, Ganev 3551 (HUEFS, MO); Rio de Contas, caminho Boa Vista-Mutuca Corisco, próximo ao Bicota, 2 September 1993, Ganev 2183 (HUEFS, K, NY, SPF); Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, vertente E, campo do Queiroz, 9 November 1988, Harley 25988 (HUEFS, K, MO, NY); Rio de Contas, trilha de acesso para o Pico das Almas, ca. de 24,1 km de Rio de Contas, 19 November 2000, Juchum 94 (K, NY). Goiás: Serra dos Pirineus, ca. 15 km (straight line) N of Corumbá de Goiás, 14 V 1973, Anderson 10237 (MO, NY). Minas Gerais: Botumirim, saída ao S da cidade, 19 November 1992, Mello-Silva 700 (HRCB, HUEFS, K, SPF); Buenópolis, Serra do Cabral, 10–15 km da cidade na estrada para a Lapa Pintada, 13 October 1988, Harley et al. 24996 (HUEFS, K, MO, NY); Catas Altas, Mina do Fazend„o, 4 October 2006, Mota 3166 (BHCB); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, próximo do Taboıes, 7 July 2005, Mota 2936 (BHCB, HUEFS); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, regi„o dos Taboıes, 20 August 2005, Mota et al. 2951 (BHCB); Conceiç„o do Mato Dentro, Serra da Ferrugem, Fazenda do Toninho, 19 August 2006, Viana & Silva 2313 (BHCB); Cristália, W do Morro do Chapéu, 2 November 1988, Wanderley 1438 (K, SP); Gouveia, Fazenda Contagem, rodovia Curvelo-Diamantina, 29 August 1981, Giulietti et al. CRCR 1747 (BHCB, HUEFS, K, NY); Gr„o Mogol, Jambeiro a 7 km de Gr„o Mogol, 5 September 1998, Cavalcanti et al. CFCR 8492 (HRCB, MO, SPF, SPSF); Gr„o Mogol, montanha à esquerda do riacho Ribeir„o, trilha da Tropa, 3 November 1987, Assis et al. CFCR 11388 (BHCB, HUEFS, K, NY, SP); Gr„o Mogol, Serra de Gr„o Mogol, 12 November 1938, Markgraf 3492 (BHCB, ESA, F, R); Itacambira, ca. 25 km da cidade na estrada para Juramento, 14 December 1989, Pirani et al. CFCR 12791 (HRCB, NY, SPF); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, 8.5 km da cidade, 13 October 2007, Souza 9371 (SI, SPF); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, caminho para o SCAI, 15 November 2007, Teles 499 (BHCB); Ouro Preto, Serra de Antonio Pereira, Alegria 7, Samarco Mineraç„o, 22 August 2008, Messias & Ataíde 2170 (HRCB, OUPR); Serra do Espinhaço, ca. 35 km SW of Gouveia, km 243 on MG 259, 2 February 1972, Anderson et al. 35117 (NY). Paraná: Jaguariahyva, 5 May 1914, Ĵnsson 261a (NY). S„o Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes, Estaç„o Biológica de Boracéia, 30 November 1956, Kuhlmann 4063 (K, SPF). No locality: s.d., Sellow 1038 (F); s.d., Glaziou 13567 (C); 1896, Glaziou 20821 (K, S).

Published
2023
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29. Chionanthus monteazulensis (Oleaceae), a new species from the campo rupestre of Espinhaço Range, Brazil

Author

Zavatin, Danilo Alvarenga, Almeida, Roberto Baptista Pereira, Ramos, Renato, and Lombardi, Julio Antonio

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, Oleaceae, Biodiversity, Plantae, Taxonomy, Lamiales
Abstract

Zavatin, Danilo Alvarenga, Almeida, Roberto Baptista Pereira, Ramos, Renato, Lombardi, Julio Antonio (2023): Chionanthus monteazulensis (Oleaceae), a new species from the campo rupestre of Espinhaço Range, Brazil. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 289-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Published
2023

30. Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

Author

Marcusso, Gabriel Mendes, Neto, Luiz Menini, and Lombardi, Julio Antonio

Subjects
Biodiversity, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy
Abstract

The Atlantic Forest (AF) is globally known as a hotspot of biodiversity, with high levels of endemism and richness. However, within the AF, different localities may differ in their diversity values; in Southeastern Brazil, the mountainous region of Espírito Santo state is one of these highly biodiverse areas. Here, we present the first comprehensive checklist of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve (ARBR) vascular epiphytes, a national protected area in the mountainous region of the state. Based on field expeditions carried out between 2018 and 2020 and extant herbarium collections, we reported a total of 359 species, 110 genera, and 20 families. Epidendrum henschenii Barb.Rodr. and Thysanoglossa organensis Brade are new records to the state. The richness recorded here is outstanding for the AF and one of the highest recorded in the Neotropical Region. The climatic conditions in the ARBR may help us understand this high species-richness, as well as the long-term climatic stability perhaps since the Miocene. Besides, the heterogeneity of the mountain habitats, driven mainly by erosion of the highlands since the early Cenozoic, resulted in the actual mountain’s configuration of eastern Brazil, synchronously with most taxa diversification occurred in the Atlantic Forest. The present study demonstrated the importance of protected areas and pristine forests for the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and the importance of floristic studies to fill knowledge gaps in the Atlantic Forest, mainly in mountainous regions.

Published
2022
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35. Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

Author

Gomes‐da‐silva, Janaína, Filardi, Fabiana L.R., Barbosa, Maria Regina V., Baumgratz, José Fernando A., Bicudo, Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti, Taciana, Coelho, Marcus A.N., Costa, Andrea, Costa, Denise, Dalcin, Eduardo Couto, Labiak, Paulo, Lima, Haroldo, Lohmann, Lúcia, Maia, Leonor, Mansano, Vidal, Menezes, Mariângela, Morim, Marli, Moura, Carlos Wallace N., Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Peralta, Denilson, Prado, Jefferson, Roque, Nádia, Stehmann, João Renato, Sylvestre, Lana, Trierveiler‐pereira, Larissa, Walter, Bruno M.T., Zimbrão, Geraldo, Forzza, Rafaela, Abreu, Fernanda, Abreu, Maria, Abreu, Vanessa H.R., Acuña‐castillo, Rafael, Afonso, Edgar A.L., Agra, Leandro A.N.N., Agra, Maria, Aguiar, Daniel P.P., Aires, Elisa, Almeda, Frank, Almeida, Gracineide S.S., Almeida, Mariana, Almeida, Nicolli B.C., Almeida, Rafael, Almeida, Roberto B.P., Almeida, Thaís, Almeida, Eduardo, Alves, Daniela, Alves, Flávio, Alves, Karina N.L., Alves, Maria B.B., Alves, Rodolfo, Amaral, Maria C.E., Amaral, André L.S., Amélio, Leandro, Amorim, André M.A., Amorim, Bruno, Amorim, Eduardo, Amorim, Vivian, Andrade, Ivanilza, Andrade, Ray, André, Thiago, Andreata, Regina H.P., Andrino, Caroline, Ângulo, María, Anjos, Cassiane, Antar, Guilherme, Antonicelli, Mirian C.A., Antunes, Lorena l.C., Aona, Lidyanne Y.S., Arana, Marcelo, Aranha, João L.M., Araújo, Anderson G.A., Araujo, Andréa, Araújo, Camila, Araujo, Cintia A.T., Araujo, Flávia, Araújo, Mário H.T., Arbo, Maria, Arnou, Emily, Asprino, Renata, Assis, Francine, Assis, Leandro C.S., Assis, Marta, Athayde Filho, Francisco, Athiê‐souza, Sarah, Azevedo, Igor H.F., Bacci, Lucas, Barbosa, Camilo V.O., Barbosa, Juliana, Barbosa‐silva, Rafael, Barcellos, Ian, Barboza, Gloria, Barcelos, Flávia R.B., Barcelos, Laísa, Barreto, Kamilla l., Barros, Fábio, Barros, Thamires l.A., Barros‐barreto, Maria B.B., Bastos, Cid J.P., Bastos, Cláudia, Batista, João A.N., Batista, Marcella M.I., Bautista, Hortencia, Benelli, Adarilda, Berguecio, Nicolás, Bernacci, Luís, Beyer, Maila, Bezerra, Andrea C.C., Bezerra, Luísa M.P.A., Bezerra, Yuri R.L., Bianchetti, Luciano, Bigio, Narcísio, Biral, Leonardo, Bissoli, Vinícius, Bittencourt, Felipe, Bochorny, Thuane, Bohn, Amabily, Bohs, Lynn, Bojacá, Gabriel F.P., Boldorini, Abril, Boldrini, Ilsi, Bolson, Mônica, Bordin, Juçara, Bordon, Natali, Borges, Rafael A.X., Borges, Rodrigo l., Bortoluzzi, Roseli l.C., Bove, Claudia, Bovini, Massimo, Braga, João M.A., Braga, Nayara S.S., Branco, Suema, Brauner, Laiana, Braz, Denise, Bringel, João B.A., Brito, Antonio l.V.T., Brito, Eliete, Bruniera, Carla, Buchoski, Monica, Buck, William, Bueno, Norma, Bueno, Vinicius, Büneker, Henrique, Bünger, Mariana, Buril‐vital, Maria T.A., Burton, George, Cabral, Andressa, Cabral, Elsa l., Cabral, Fernanda, Cabral, Tiara, Caddah, Mayara, Caires, Claudenir, Caires, Taiara, Calazans, Luana S.B., Caldas, Diana K.D., Calió, Maria, Calvo, Joel, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S., Camargo, Rodrigo, Camelo, Mel, Campos‐rocha, Antonio, Cândido, Elisa, 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D.T., Dutilh, Julie H.A., Dutra, Letícia l., Dutra, Valquíria, Echternacht, Livia, Eggers, Lilian, Erkens, Roy H.J., Eslabão, Marcelo, Espírito Santo, Fábio, Esser, Hans‐joachim, Essi, Liliana, Esteves, Gerleni l., Esteves, Roberto l., Everling, Joel, Ezcurra, Cecilia, Facco, Marlon, Fader, Andrea A.C., Falcão, Marcus J.A., Fantecelle, Laura, Farco, Gabriela, Faria, Allan l.A., Faria, Ana P.G., Faria, Aparecida, Faria, Maria, Faria, Jair, Farias, Sabrina, Farias‐singer, Rosana, Farinaccio, Maria, Fernandes, Ana, Fernandes, Fernando, Fernandes, José, Fernandes, Rozijane, Fernandes, Thiago, Fernandes, Ulisses, Fernandes, Aluisio, Fernando, Emanoel M.P., Ferreira, Carlos D.M., Ferreira, Fabrício, Ferreira, Gabriel, Ferreira, João P.R., Ferreira, Priscila P.A., Ferreira, Silvana, Ferrucci, María, Fiaschi, Pedro, Fidanza, Karina, Filgueiras, Tarciso, Firetti, Fabiana, Fleischmann, Andreas, Florentín, Javier, Florentín, Mariela, Flores, Andréia, Flores, Jerônimo M.M., Flores, Thiago, 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Tatiana U.P., Koschnitzke, Cristiana, Kotovski, Emília, Kriebel, Ricardo, Külkamp, Josimar, Leal, Brígida, Leal, Eduardo, Leite, Áurea C.F., Leite, Wellerson, Leitman, Paula, Lewis, Gwilym, Lima, Adriana, Lima, Alexandre, Lima, Duane F.S., Lima, Eliene, Lima, Jessica, Lima, Laíce F.G., Lima, Laura C.P., Lima, Letícia, Lima, Lucas, Lima, Luis F.P., Lima, Rita, Lima, Vanessa l., Link‐perez, Melanie, Lirio, Elton, Lobão, Adriana, Loeuille, Benoit F.P., Loiola, Maria I.B., Lombardi, Julio, Longhi‐wagner, Hilda, Lopes, Gabriel S.R., Lopes, Jenifer, Lopes, Letícia, Lopes, Raimundo, Lopes, Rosana, López, Maria, Lorencini, Tiago, Lorenzi, Harri, Lourenço, Ana R.L., Lourenço, Arthur, Louzada, Rafael, Lovo, Juliana, Lozano, Eduardo, Luber, Jaquelini, Lucas, Dióber, Lucas, Eve, Lüdtke, Raquel, Luebert, Federico, Luizi‐ponzo, Andrea, Luna, Bruna, Luna, Naédja K.M., Luz, Cíntia l.S., Machado, Anderson F.P., Machado, Evandro, Machado, Talita, Maciel, Jefferson, Maciel, Sebastião, Magalhães, Rodrigo, 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Mezzonato‐pires, Ana, Michelangeli, Fabián, Miguel, João, Miguel, Laila, Milward‐de‐azevedo, Michaele, Miotto, Silvia T.S., Miranda, Cecília, Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitchell, John, Molina, José M.P., Mondin, Cláudio, Monge, Marcelo, Monteiro, Daniele, Monteiro, Fernanda K.S., Monteiro, Raquel, Monteiro, Silvana H.N., Monteiro, Thiago, Monzoli, João V.L., Moore, Paloma G.P., Mora, Martha, Moraes, Marta, Moraes, Mónica, Morales, Juan, Morales, Matías, Moran, Robbin, Moreira, André l.C., Moreira, Andréia D.R., Moreira, Ariane, Moreira, Bianca, Moreira, Giselle l., Moreira, Kassio V.C., Moreira, Pablo F.F., Morokawa, Rosemeri, Moroni, Pablo, Mota, Aline, Mota, Michelle C.A., Mota, Nara F.O., Moura, Beryl E.L., Moura, Ingridy, Moura, Luíza, Moura, Ricardo l., Moura, Tania, Mundim, Júlia, Muniz, Francisca, Muniz, Leticia, Muniz Filho, Eduardo, Mynssen, Claudine, Nakajima, Jimi, Nascimento, Janaina G.A., Nascimento, José, Nascimento, Silvia, Nepomuceno, Francisco A.A., Nervo, Michelle, Nery, Eduardo, Neves, Beatriz, Nóbrega, Giseli, Nogueira, Matheus G.C., Nunes, Annelise, Nunes, Clebiana, Nunes, Teonildes, Oellgaard, Benjamin, O'Leary, Nataly, Oliveira, Adriana l.R., Oliveira, Ana C.S., Oliveira, Andreza G.S., Oliveira, Aron, Oliveira, Bárbara, Oliveira, Caetano, Oliveira, Fernanda M.C., Oliveira, Filipe G.A., Oliveira, Gleison, Oliveira, Gustavo, Oliveira, Hermeson, Oliveira, Iasmin l.C., Oliveira, Joésili C.P., Oliveira, José F.C., Oliveira, Juliana, Oliveira, Juliana R.P.M., Oliveira, Leticia G.R., Oliveira, Lilian F.A., Oliveira, Lorena, Oliveira, Luciana S.D., Oliveira, Marcia C.R., Oliveira, Márcio l.B., Oliveira, Marcos G.M., Oliveira, Marise H.V., Oliveira, Marla I.U., Oliveira, Regina, Oliveira, Renata, Oliveira, Reyjane, Oliveira, Rodrigo C.G., Oliveira, Sylvia, Oliveira, Ykaro, Orlandini, Priscila, Orsolano, Guilherme, Pacífico, Ricardo, Paglia, Isis, Paiva, Gabrielle C.P., Paixão, Liliane, Pastore, José F.B., Pastore, Mayara, Pastori, Tamara, Paucar, Jenny O.A., Paula‐souza, Juliana, Pederneiras, Leandro, Peichoto, Myriam, Peixoto, Ariane l., Pell, Susan, Pellegrini, Marco O.O., Pena, Nelson T.L., Pennington, Richard, Pereira, Amanda P.N., Pereira, Andreza S.S., Pereira, Jovani B.S., Pereira, Maria, Pereira, Paulo E.E., Pereira, Sidney, Pereira‐silva, Rafaela, Perez, Ana P.F., Pessoa, Cleiton, Pessoa, Clenia, Pessoa, Edlley, Pessoa, Maria C.R., Petrongari, Fernanda, Philbrick, Thomas, Pignal, Marc, Pimenta, Karena, Pinto, Rafael, Pioner, Natália, Pirani, José, Pizzardo, Raquel, Plos, Anabela, Ponce, Marta, Pontes, Juliana, Pontes, Ricardo A.S., Pontes, Tiago, Pontes‐pires, Aline, Pott, Vali, Prado, Thainá, Praia, Talita, Prance, Ghillean, Prange, Carolina, Prata, Ana P.N., Prochazka, Luana, Proença, Carolyn E.B., Prudêncio, Renato X.A., Pscheidt, Allan, Quaresma, Aclebia, Quaresma, Aline, Queiroz, George, Queiroz, Luciano, Queiroz, Rubens, Quinet, Alexandre, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Geraldo J.P., Rando, Juliana, Rebouças, Natanael, Reginato, Marcelo, Reis, Miguel M.R., Reis, Priscila, Reis‐silva, Genilson, Ribas, Osmar, Ribeiro, André R.O., Ribeiro, Carolina l., Ribeiro, José E.L.S., Ribeiro, Michel, Ribeiro, Pétala, Ribeiro, Rayane T.M., Ribeiro, Ricardo, Ribeiro, Rogério, Riina, Ricarda, Ritter, Mara, Rivadavia, Fernando, Rivera, Vanessa l., Rizzo, Beatriz, Rocha, Antônio E.S., Rocha, Lamarck, Rocha, Maria J.R., Rodrigues, Carine, Rodrigues, Christchellyn, Rodrigues, Izabella M.C., Rodrigues, Marianna, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Sampaio, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz, Rodríguez, Juan F.C., Rodríguez, Pedro, Rollim, Isis, Romanini, Rebeca, Romão, Gerson, Romão, Marcos V.V., Romero, María, Romero, Rosana, Rosa, Bárbara, Rosa, Patrícia, Rosa, Priscila, Rosário, Alessandro, Rossa, Iago, Rossetto, Elson F.S., Rossi, Lucia, Rossini, Josiene, Royer, Carla, Rua, Gabriel, Sá, Cyl F.C., Saavedra, Mariana, Saka, Mariana, Sakuragui, Cassia, Salas, Roberto, Sales, Margareth, Salgado, Vanina, Salimena, Fátima R.G., Salino, Alexandre, 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Senna, Luisa, Setubal, Robberson, Shimizu, Gustavo, Shirasuna, Regina, Silva, Adaíses S.M., Silva, Aline V.M., Silva, Amanda l., Silva, Anádria, Silva, Caroline C.A., Silva, Cassio, Silva, Christian, Silva, Cintia, Silva, Diego, Silva, Dilana, Silva, Fabio, Silva, Fernanda, Silva, Francismeire, Silva, Gabriel, Silva, Gledson, Silva, Guilherme, Silva, Gustavo H.L., Silva, João P.S., Silva, Juliana l., Silva, Juliene F.M., Silva, Leonardo, Silva, Lucas, Silva, Luciana, Silva, Luiza, Silva, Márcio, Silva, Marcio R.P., Silva, Marcos, Silva, Marcus F.O., Silva, Maria l.B., Silva, Maria S.D., Silva, Nilda M.F., Silva, Otávio l.M., Silva, Rafael, Silva, Raphael, Silva, Renata S.A., Silva, Renato, Silva, Ronaldo, Silva, Saura, Silva, Suelma, Silva, Tânia R.S., Silva, Tatiane, Silva, Thaynara, Silva, Wanderson l.S., Silva Filho, Pedro J.S., Silva‐castro, Milene, Silva‐cobra, Gisele, Silva‐gonçalves, Kelly, Silveira, Fernanda, Silveira, João, Silveira, Thamyres, Simão‐bianchini, Rosangela., Simões, Ana, Simões, André, Simon, Marcelo, Siniscalchi, Carolina, Siqueira, Carlos, Smidt, Eric, Smith, Alan, Smith, Nathan, Snak, Cristiane, Soares, Abel E.R., Soares, Arthur, Soares, Edson l.C., Soares, Kelen, Soares, Luanda, Soares, Marcos V.B., Soares, Maria l.C., Soares, Polyana, Soares, Raimundo, Sobrado, Sandra, Sobral, Marcos, Somner, Genise, Sothers, Cynthia, Sousa, Ana A.C., Sousa, Danilo J.L., Sousa, Francisco, Sousa, Gardene, Sousa, Hian C.F., Sousa, Leandro O.F., Sousa, Mayco W.S., Sousa, Valdeci, Souza, Aline, Souza, Bruno, Souza, Elnatan, Souza, Élvia, Souza, Filipe, Souza, Luzia, Souza, Marcelo, Souza, Maria A.D., Souza, Raquel M.B.S., Souza, Vinicius, Souza‐buturi, Fátima, Spina, Andréa, Stadnik, Aline M.S., Staggemeier, Vanessa, Stapf, María N.S., Stefano, Rodrigo, Stern, Stephen, Streher, Nathália, Suchoronczek, Andréia, Sundue, Michael, Takeuchi, Cátia, Tardivo, Rosângela, Taylor, Nigel, Teixeira, Michella D.R., Teles, Aristônio, Temponi, Livia, Thode, Verônica, Thomas, William, Tierno, Lorena, Tissot‐squalli, Mara, Toledo, Cássio A.P., Torke, Benjamin, Torres, Alicia, Torres, Daniela S.C., Torres‐leite, Filipe, Tozzi, Ana M.G.A., Trad, Rafaela, Trevisan, Rafael, Trovó, Marcelo, Tuler, Amélia, Tyrrell, Christopher, Udulutsch, Renata, Uribbe, Fernando, Vahl, Daiane, Valadares, Rodrigo, Valdemarin, Karinne, Valduga, Eduardo, Valente, Emilia, Valls, Jose F.M., van den Berg, Cássio, Vasconcelos, Liziane, Vasconcelos, Thaís N.C., Vasques, Diego, Vaz, Angela M.S.F., Versiane, Ana F.A., Versieux, Leonardo, Via Do Pico, Gisela, Viana, Pedro l., Vianna, Suelen, Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M., Vidal, Kaio V.A., Vidal, João, Vieira, Fábio C.S., Vieira, Jaqueline, Vieira, João P.S., Vieira, Lucas l.A., Vieira, Tamara A.F., Vieira, Tiago l., Viera‐barreto, Jéssica, Vignoli‐silva, Márcia, Vilas Bôas‐bastos, Silvana, Villarreal, Juan, Vincent, Michael, Vita, Marcela, Vitta, Fabio, Viveros, Raquel, Viviurka, Fernanda, Vogel Ely, Cleusa, Volet, Danilo, Völtz, Rafael, Wallnöfer, Bruno, Wanderley, Maria G.L., Watanabe, Mauricio T.C., Weber, Philipy A.P., Weigend, Maximilian, Welker, Cassiano A.D., Windisch, Paulo, Yoshikawa, Vania, Zamengo, Henrique, Zanatta, Maria R.V., Zannin, Ana, Zappi, Daniela, Zeferino, Laís, Zelenski, Andréia, Zuloaga, Fernando, Zuntini, Alexandre, Maastricht Science Programme, RS: FSE MSP, JANAÍNA GOMES-DA-SILVA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, FABIANA L. R. FILARDI, MARIA REGINA V. BARBOSA, UFPB, JOSÉ FERNANDO A. BAUMGRATZ, CARLOS E. M. BICUDO, TACIANA BARBOSA CAVALCANTI, Cenargen, MARCUS A. N. COELHO, Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas, ANDREA F. COSTA, DENISE P. COSTA, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, EDUARDO COUTO DALCIN, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, PAULO LABIAK, UFPR, HAROLDO C. LIMA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, LÚCIA G. LOHMANN, USP, LEONOR C. MAIA, UFPE, VIDAL F. MANSANO, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, MARIÂNGELA MENEZES, UFRJ, MARLI P. MORIM, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CARLOS WALLACE N. MOURA, EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA, DENILSON F. PERALTA, JEFFERSON PRADO, Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, NÁDIA ROQUE, UFBA, JOÃO RENATO STEHMANN, LANA S. SYLVESTRE, UFRJ, LARISSA TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, BRUNO MACHADO TELES WALTER, Cenargen, GERALDO ZIMBRÃO, RAFAELA C. FORZZA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Herbier de Guyane - IRD, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane])

Subjects
Grandes Datos, Natural history collections, natural history collections, América del Sur, Plant Science, Repositories, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Colecciones de Historia Natural, Taxonomic impediment, Biodiversidad, Big data, flora, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, big data, taxonomic impedimen, Repositorios, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Biodiversity, botany, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Impedimento Taxonómico, South America, collaboration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, repositories, Brazil
Abstract

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiver sity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxo nomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world’s known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world’s most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend be yond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still un equally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the coun try. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora. Fil: Gomes da Silva, Janaina. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Fil: Filardi, Fabiana L.R. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Barbosa, María Regina de V. Universidade Federal da Paraíba: Joao Pessoa; Brasil Fil: Baumgratz, José Fernando Andrade. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: de Mattos Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo. Instituto de Botânica. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia; Brasil Fil: Cavalcanti, Taciana. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasil Fil: Coelho, Marcus. Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Ferreira da Costa, Andrea. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Costa, Denise. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Dalcin, Eduardo C. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute; Brasil Fil: Labiak, Paulo. Universidade Federal do Parana; Brasil Fil: Cavalcante de Lima, Haroldo. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Lohmann, Lucia. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Maia, Leonor. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Mansano, Vidal de Freitas. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Menezes, Mariângela. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Morim, Marli. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Moura, Carlos Wallace do Nascimento. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Department of Biological Science; Brasil Fil: Lughadha, Eimear NIck. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Peralta, Denilson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brazil Fil: Prado, Jefferson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brasil Fil: Roque, Nádia. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil Fil: Stehmann, Joao. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: da Silva Sylvestre, Lana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina; Brasil Fil: Walter, Bruno Machado Teles. EMBRAPA Cenargen Brasília; Brasil Fil: Zimbrão, Geraldo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Forzza, Rafaela C. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Morales, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina

Published
2021
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43. A morphological study of Aristolochia holostylis(Aristolochiaceae) reveals the presence of a new species

Author

Frank, Dominik, Lombardi, Julio A., and Monro, Alexandre K.

Abstract

Aristolochia holostylishas long been construed as constituting a single widespread and variable species, ranging across Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. However, our morphological analysis shows that populations in Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil differ by several constant characters of the perianth and indumentum from those in northeastern Brazil. The type specimen possesses the typical morphology of the latter populations; thus, they retain the name A. holostylis, whereas the former populations are recognized here as belonging to a new species, A. pyriflora. We provide new descriptions for both species, along with morphological comparison between them, illustration of diagnostic characters and geographic distributions, and assessment of their respective conservation statuses. The often overlooked infraspecific name Holostylis reniformisf. minoris placed in the synonymy of A. pyriflora.

Published
2024
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