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The aim of this study is to increase pre-service science teachers' awareness of climate change through online argumentation activities. The study prepared pre-service training content based on online argumentation to increase climate change awareness. For the training, activities were prepared based on online argumentation for the sub-dimensions of climate change, which are content knowledge, awareness of the effects of climate change, awareness of personal initiatives, awareness of industrial initiatives, and tendencies towards preventing climate change. Expert opinions were taken about the activities and then they were finalized. Data was collected through an open-ended questionnaire applied as pre- and post-test. 32 pre-service science teachers from 22 different universities across Türkiye participated in the online training. The climate change awareness form was applied before and after the training. Data was analyzed using a content analysis approach. As a result of the study, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the pre-service teachers' content knowledge of climate change, and they provided more justifications in the sub-dimensions of climate change awareness after the training, and their awareness increased.

In recent years, the role of information and communication technology (ICT) has increasingly impacted school instructional and leadership practices. With the assistance of ICT, interactions between school leaders and teachers have undergone tremendous changes that have reduced face-to-face contact. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated the barriers and challenges to participating in ICT-based e-leadership in schools. Therefore, this sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was designed to examine these challenges and barriers to teachers' participation in e-leadership platforms. Feedback from samples of 260 current secondary school teachers was obtained via a survey using the convenience sampling method. The internal consistencies of the items were also checked using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses. Parametric tests such as the independent t-test and ANOVA were conducted to determine the differences between teachers' perceptions based on their demographic factors: age, gender and years of teaching experience. In addition, regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between teachers' demographics and the challenges they encountered. Furthermore, 10 teachers were interviewed to obtain detailed explanations of the challenges and barriers they faced while participating in e-leadership systems. Thematic analysis was employed to assess the interview transcript data. The quantitative findings revealed that the challenges faced by teachers included ineffective ICT equipment in schools, ICT equipment in schools that needs to be updated, lack of understanding in using the ICT system, a lack of knowledge derived from limited support courses and workshops to assist educators, ineffective school's ICT system and disturbance of their free time. From interview sessions, teachers have mentioned significant issues related to internet networks, teachers' willingness to ignore certain issues, and perceived intrusions on privacy. In examining differences related to challenges and barriers to e-leadership based on teachers' demographics, the ANOVA and independent t-test analyses revealed that most of these differences were non-significant, except for teachers' gender and teaching experience. To conclude, principals and educational authorities must support teachers with the ongoing training, financial resources, and allocation that are critical in preparing teachers to participate in e-leadership systems.

The aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of time attitudes in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience in high school students. High school students' self-esteem, time attitude, and resilience have been researched comparatively. The research was carried out with a quantitative research design and survey method. Participants, who were selected using a convenience sampling method, were high school students. The 1,932 participants consisted of students in the following grade distribution: 793 ninth grade (248 male, 545 female); 365 tenth grade (78 male, 257 female); 350 eleventh grade (90 male, 260 female); and 434 twelfth grade (130 male, 324 female). Participants were selected from secondary education institutions in Sakarya and Kocaeli during COVID-19 from January to May 2021. Data were collected using tools such as the "Two Factored Self-Esteem Scale," "Adolescent Time Attitude Scale," and "Ego Resilience Scale." The data was analyzed with correlation analysis and regression-based mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, time attitude and resilience. The SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data. After analyzing the data, it has been concluded that the time attitude in adolescents indeed has a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience. The results of the research will make important contributions to the related literature.

Abstract In this research, we investigated the mechanical properties of NiCo binary alloy both with and without grain boundaries, across various alloy compositions. We investigated the effects of edge dislocation, alloy compositions, and grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of FCC $$NiCo$$ NiCo using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. By analyzing the influence of the grain boundaries with different alloy compositions on several mechanical properties, we were able to gain a deeper understanding of how these characteristics were modified. The elastic moduli increased with increasing grain boundaries for a specific chemical composition, indicating that $$NiCo$$ NiCo becomes more rigid. The anisotropy factor analysis showed that $$NiCo$$ NiCo have a natural tendency toward anisotropy, which is further influenced by the presence of grain boundaries. Grain boundaries have a significant effect on strength and ductility across a wide range of alloy compositions. These results indicate that a deeper comprehension of these implications can aid in designing improved binary alloy with superior mechanical characteristics.

The increased utilisation of social media platforms has been observed to influence consumer behaviour, particularly in online shopping context. This study aims to propose a conceptual framework regarding the factors influencing customer online buying behaviour on TikTok platform among younger generations for a Malaysian fragrance company. The method used for this conceptual paper is based on the literature reviews from journal articles related with the keywords and research area. This study proposed a conceptual framework to further identify and analyse the influence of brand awareness, product variety and psychological factors on online buying behaviour on TikTok. The framework will serve as a guideline for future academic research and practical industry applications by enhancing understanding of online buying behaviour among younger consumers in Malaysia’ fragrance market. The framework will help to inform strategic decisions for businesses and provide border implications for leveraging TikTok as a platform for e-commerce growth in the region.

Hydraulic pumps are the heart of hydraulic systems that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. As the behavior of a specific type of hydraulic pump must be identified to cater to the pump's limits and operating range, precise pump selection for particular applications is a must. Hence, this paper presents the research findings on the characteristics of hydraulic pumps, focusing on pump parameters such as pump power, flow rate, and operating pressure. These parameters were evaluated under no-load operating conditions without actuators. The simulation setup is realized through Simscape on the MATLAB platform. The laboratory test rig exploits the advantages of Bosch Rexroth hydraulic pumps and other hydraulic components manufactured by the Rexroth group of companies. The findings from this research find a relationship between pump power, pressure, and flow rate. The simulation and experimental results showed good agreement with a very slight percentage difference, where the factors that contribute to the slight tolerance are thoroughly elaborated.

The phylogenetic position of the Southeast Asian catfish genus Encheloclarias Myers, 1937 within the family Clariidae is inferred herein using three mitochondrial nucleotide markers: cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and 16S rRNA genes. We found that Encheloclarias is neither exclusively related to the African taxa having extended neural spines posterior to the dorsal fin (Encheloclarias shares with some of these taxa the presence of an adipose fin, as opposed to absent in all other clariid taxa) nor to the Asian species of the genus Clarias Scopoli, 1777. Encheloclarias is hypothesized to be the sister group of all other clariids, except Horaglanis Menon, 1951. The inferred position of Encheloclarias confirms that the adipose fin in this genus has an evolutionary origin independent to that of the adipose fin found in some African clariids. Encheloclarias is not only ecologically remarkable, being adapted to acidic peat swamps in Southeast Asia, but it is also an ancient lineage sheltering in these habitats. However, the precise timing of the colonization of peat swamps by Encheloclarias remains to be investigated. The phylogenetic position of Encheloclarias further underscores the importance of studying and protecting the remaining peat swamp habitats in Southeast Asia and their distinctive aquatic fauna.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are injuries with a high incidence in athletes, and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a surgical treatment orthopedists perform. This study aims to compare the 6 and 12 months post-op results of single leg hop tests (SLHT) performed in multidirectional conventional semitendinosus/gracilis (ST/G) and modified all inside (MAI) ACLR techniques on both sides and the limb symmetry indexes (LSI) of both techniques. This study evaluated a retrospective cohort of 50 male athletes who applied MAI (n = 23) and traditional ACLR ST/G (n = 27) techniques. Functional knee strength of the participants on both sides was measured with different SLHTs at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The SLHT included medial side (MSTH), triple hop (TH), medial rotation (90°) (MRH), crossover triple (CH) ve the single hop (SH) hop for distance. Both ACLR techniques showed significant improvement in mean Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). For MAI and ST/G techniques, there was no significant difference in the results of SLHTs at 6 and 12 months for both the operated and non-operated sides (p < 0.05). Significance was found only in the MRH test of the non-operated side (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SLHT scores between the operated and non-operated sides at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). There was no difference in LSI scores between techniques (p < 0.05). Our study revealed similar LSI rates in ST/G and MAI techniques at 6 and 12 months, suggesting that MAI technique can be used as a functional ACLR technique for athletes.

This research aims to reveal the worship practices of individuals living in the Erzurum region and belonging to the Alevi tradition. To achieve this goal, our study was designed based on the ethnographic method, which is one of the qualitative research designs that define and interpret the values, behaviors, beliefs, and worship practices within a community’s shared culture. The participant group of our research consists of Alevis living in various districts and villages in the province of Erzurum. Within this scope, work was conducted with Alevi dedes (spiritual leaders) and followers in 9 districts (Aşkale, Çat, Hınıs, Horasan, Köprüköy, Olur, Pasinler, Şenkaya, Tekman) and 20 villages identified. Semi-structured interview forms were applied to the participants, and the data obtained during this process were recorded. The research findings were evaluated using the content analysis method with observations, field notes, and data obtained through the applied interview forms. As a result of the findings and evaluations related to the research, it was observed that worship practices, which constitute the practical aspect of religion among Alevis, hold significant importance. However, some differences and indifference were observed in the performance of worship practices such as prayer, fasting, almsgiving, and pilgrimage. Factors such as the hardships of the nomadic life experienced by Alevi communities during the period they encountered Islam, problems with the central government, and the influence of various sects and beliefs have led to the non-performance of some worship practices or a distant attitude towards worship. Additionally, it was observed that some Alevi communities interpret these worship practices differently and perform them in their own unique ways.

This study investigates teachers' perceptions on PLC implementation within religious-based secondary schools in the context of Malaysia. Using a pragmatic mixed-method approach, quantitative data were obtained from 610 teachers about principals' implementation and support for PLC implementation. Then, 16 senior teachers who have successfully participated in PLC practices were interviewed. The study reveals that teachers in the religious-based public secondary schools felt satisfied with their principals' implementation of PLC practices. This study is one of few studies explored the practical and theoretical implications of improving principals' initiatives and their strategies which benefit PLC practices across religious-based secondary schools in Malaysia.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore principals' perspectives on the concept of teacher leadership, the strategies that they employed to support teacher leadership practice and the challenges and issues that principals faced while implementing teacher leadership. Methodology: This qualitative case study uses interview sessions with 10 purposely selected principals from various types of secondary schools. All schools are public schools that are administered and funded by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Findings: The study reveals that principals had a comprehensive understanding of the concept of teacher leadership; in fact, principals were able to list teacher leaders' characteristics and provide definitions for the concept of teacher leadership. In exploring principals' strategies to support teacher leadership practice, five themes emerged: developing future leaders, a mentoring programme, involving more teachers as teacher leaders, practising an 'open door' policy and providing more opportunities for teachers to offer mutual assistance. In terms of the challenges for teacher leadership practices, principals shared particular issues such as the unwillingness of teachers to become teacher leaders due to their heavy workloads and challenges in eading senior teachers. Significance: This study supplements the literature that explores teacher leadership within the Malaysian schooling context, which has hitherto been understudied. Thus, the concept of teacher leadership needs more in-depth investigation and evaluation to ascertain its suitability within Malaysia's educational system. For the Ministry of Education, this study notes some practical implications for improving teacher leadership in Malaysian schools.

This review article provided a thorough examination of porous ceramic materials, concentrating on production, characteristics, and the involvement of pore-forming agents. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of various ceramic materials and pore-forming agents on the structure, porosity, and mechanical characteristics of porous ceramics. The study's scope included a thorough investigation of key sources of literature, such as academic publications, review articles, and industry reports, to provide a comprehensive understanding of porous ceramic technology. According to the literature review, the selection of ceramic material and pore-forming agents has a significant influence on the pore size distribution, porosity, and mechanical strength of porous ceramics. Various manufacturing methods, including foaming, sintering, and sol-gel procedures, were explored in terms of their influence on porous ceramic microstructure and characteristics. Furthermore, the study emphasized the need to optimize processing settings and select pore-forming agents to obtain the necessary qualities in porous ceramic materials. Overall, this review is useful for researchers, engineers, and practitioners who desire to learn more about porous ceramic manufacturing, characteristics, and applications.

Abstract Background S. pneumoniae (SPN) is the most common cause of pneumonia. The disease can be effectively prevented through immunisation. Since December 2020, the Malaysian Government has included the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) for all infants born on or after 1 January 2020 as part of the National Immunisation Programme (NIP). However, the epidemiology of pneumonia remains poorly understood. To fill the knowledge gap, we established a multicentre surveillance study to understand the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among young children in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods MY-Pneumo is a multicentre prospective case–control study conducted in three sentinel sites located in three different states of Peninsular Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, and Kelantan. A cohort of at least 500 incident cases and 500 controls is enrolled beginning in October 2021 and matched for age. Cases are hospitalised children