Author: "Lohmann N" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

79 results on '"Lohmann N"'

1. Raw Report on the Model Checking Contest at Petri Nets 2012

Author: Kordon, F., Linard, A., Buchs, D., Colange, M., Evangelista, S., Fronc, L., Hillah, L. M., Lohmann, N., Paviot-Adet, E., Pommereau, F, Rohr, C., Thierry-Mieg, Y., Wimmel, H., and Wolf, K.
Subjects: Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract: This article presents the results of the Model Checking Contest held at Petri Nets 2012 in Hambourg. This contest aimed at a fair and experimental evaluation of the performances of model checking techniques applied to Petri nets. This is the second edition after a successful one in 2011. The participating tools were compared on several examinations (state space generation and evaluation of several types of formulae - structural, reachability, LTL, CTL) run on a set of common models (Place/Transition and Symmetric Petri nets). After a short overview of the contest, this paper provides the raw results from the context, model per model and examination per examination., Comment: 78 pages
Published: 2012

2. Einfluss der Gefäßwandstruktur und der Expression von Signaltransduktionsproteinen auf die Funktion von physiologischen und pathologischen humanen Pulmonalgefäßen

Author: Lohmann, N, additional, Hoenicka, M, additional, Golovchenko, S, additional, Schneider, C, additional, Kauke, T, additional, Ried, M, additional, and Hoffmann, H-S, additional
Published: 2022
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3. Automatic extraction of process categories from process model collections

Author: Malinova, M., Dijkman, R.M., Mendling, J., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Information Systems IE&IS
Subjects: Business process management, Business process discovery, Process modeling, business.industry, Artifact-centric business process model, Business process, Computer science, Process mining, Business process modeling, Process architecture, business, Data science
Abstract: Many organizations build up their business process management activities in an incremental way. As a result, there is no overarching structure defined at the beginning. However, as business process modeling initiatives often yield hundreds to thousands of process models, there is a growing need for such a structure. This challenge calls for a technique to extract process categories from a set of process models automatically which yields an up-to-date view of the structure of a collection of process models. It also provides a means to check whether pre-defined process categories are still reasonable. In this paper, we introduce a technique for automatically extracting process categories from process model collections and test it using a collection from industry. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the technique by revealing issues of the pre-existing process categories. In this way, we contribute to the field of process model management and quality assurance.
Published: 2014

4. Discovering stochastic Petri nets with arbitrary delay distributions from event logs

Author: Rogge-Solti, A., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Weske, M.H., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Process Science
Subjects: Exponential distribution, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Property (programming), Business process, Process behavior, Stochastic Petri net, Process mining, Process architecture, Event (probability theory)
Abstract: Capturing the performance of a system or business process as accurately as possible is important, as models enriched with performance information provide valuable input for analysis, operational support, and prediction. Due to their computationally nice properties, memoryless models such as exponentially distributed stochastic Petri nets have earned much attention in research and industry. However, there are cases when the memoryless property is clearly not able to capture process behavior, e.g., when dealing with fixed time-outs. We want to allow models to have generally distributed durations to be able to capture the behavior of the environment and resources as accurately as possible. For these more expressive process models, the execution policy has to be specified in more detail. In this paper, we present and evaluate process discovery algorithms for each of the execution policies. The introduced approach uses raw event execution data to discover various classes of stochastic Petri nets. The algorithms are based on the notion of alignments and have been implemented as a plug-in in the process mining framework ProM. Keywords: Process mining; Stochastic Petri nets; Generally distributed transitions
Published: 2014

5. Discovering and navigating a collection of process models using multiple quality dimensions

Author: Buijs, J.C.A.M., Dongen, van, B.F., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Process Science
Subjects: Business process discovery, Quality dimensions, Process modeling, Computer science, Event (computing), Process (computing), Process mining, Extension (predicate logic), Data mining, computer.software_genre, Multi-objective optimization, computer
Abstract: Process discovery algorithms typically aim at discovering a process model from an event log that best describes the recorded behavior. However, multiple quality dimensions can be used to evaluate a process model. In previous work we showed that there often is not one single process model that describes the observed behavior best in all quality dimensions. Therefore, we present an extension to our flexible ETM algorithm that does not result in a single best process model but in a collection of mutually non-dominating process models. This is achieved by constructing a Pareto front of process models. We show by applying our approach on a real life event log that the resulting collection of process models indeed contains several good candidates. Furthermore, by presenting a collection of process models, we show that it allows the user to investigate the different trade-offs between different quality dimensions. Keywords: Process mining; Process model quality; Process model collection
Published: 2014

6. Conformance checking of services using the best matching private view

Author: Müller, R., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Stahl, C., Beek, ter, M.H., Lohmann, N., and Process Science
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), Measure (data warehouse), Database, Operations research, Computer science, Formal specification, Public view, Best matching, computer.software_genre, computer, Conformance checking
Abstract: We investigate whether a running implementation of a service conforms to its formal specification in a setting, where only recorded behavior of that implementation is given. Existing conformance checking techniques can be used to measure the degree of conformance of the recorded behavior and its public view but may produce “false negatives”, because a correct implementation (i.e., private view) may deviate significantly from its specification. Many of such deviations are quite harmless. The private view may, for example, reorder some activities without introducing any problems, yet traditional conformance checking would penalize such changes unjustifiably. To overcome this problem, we present a novel approach that determines a best matching private view. We show that among the infinitely many private views, there is a canonical best matching private view. While the represented theory is general and can be applied to arbitrary service models, the implementation is currently limited to acyclic service models.
Published: 2013

7. Diagnosing and repairing data anomalies in process models

Author: Awad, A., Decker, G., Lohmann, N., Rinderle-Ma, S., Sadiq, S., Leymann, F., and Process Science
Subjects: Correctness, Process modeling, business.industry, Computer science, Petri net, Business process modeling, computer.software_genre, Automation, Data flow diagram, Business Process Model and Notation, Control flow, Data mining, business, computer
Abstract: When using process models for automation, correctness of the models is a key requirement. While many approaches concentrate on control flow verification only, correct data flow modeling is of similar importance. This paper introduces an approach for detecting and repairing modeling errors that only occur in the interplay between control flow and data flow. The approach is based on place/transition nets and detects anomalies in BPMN models. In addition to the diagnosis of the modeling errors, a subset of errors can also be repaired automatically.
Published: 2010

8. Automatic test case generation for interacting services

Author: Kaschner, K., Lohmann, N., Feuerlicht, G., and Lamersdorf, W.
Subjects: Service (business), Test case, Computer science, Integration testing, Distributed computing, White-box testing, Test Management Approach, Software system, Task (project management), Test (assessment)
Abstract: Service-oriented architectures propose loosely coupled interacting services as building blocks for distributed applications. Since distributed services differ from traditional monolithic software systems, novel testing methods are required. Based on the specification of a service, we introduce an approach to automatically generate test cases for black-box testing to check for conformance between the specification and the implementation of a service whose internal behavior might be confidential. Due to the interacting nature of services this is a nontrivial task.
Published: 2009

9. Another approach to service instance migration

Author: Liske, N., Lohmann, N., Stahl, C., Wolf, K., Baresi, L., Chi, C.-H., Suzuki, J., and Process Science
Subjects: Service (business), Set (abstract data type), Change over time, Computer science, Distributed computing, Internal improvements, Public view, Service protocol, Hybrid model
Abstract: Services change over time, be it for internal improvements, be it for external requirements such as new legal regulations. For long running services, it may even be necessary to change a service while instances are actually running and interacting with other services. This problem is referred to as instance migration . We present a novel approach to the behavioral (service protocol) aspects of instance migration. We apply techniques for finitely characterizing the set of all correctly interacting partners to a given service. The approach assures that migration does not introduce behavioral problems with any running partner of the original service. Our technique scales up to services with thousands of states, including models of real WS-BPEL processes.
Published: 2009

10. Why does my service have no partners?

Author: Lohmann, N., Bruni, R., and Wolf, K.
Subjects: Service (business), Controllability, Correctness, Computer science, Distributed computing, Existential quantification, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Service model
Abstract: Controllability is a fundamental correctness criterion for interacting service models. A service model is controllable if there exists a partner service such that their composition is free of deadlocks and livelocks. Whereas controllability can be automatically decided, the existing decision algorithm gives no information about the reasons of why a service model is uncontrollable. This paper introduces a diagnosis framework to find these reasons which can help to fix uncontrollable service models.
Published: 2009

11. Petri net transformations for business processes : a survey

Author: Lohmann, N., Verbeek, H.M.W., Dijkman, R.M., Jensen, K., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Information Systems IE&IS, and Process Science
Subjects: Knowledge management, Process modeling, computer.internet_protocol, business.industry, Computer science, Business process, Business rule, Artifact-centric business process model, Business process modeling, Petri net, Process architecture, Business model, Business domain, Business Process Execution Language, Business Process Model and Notation, Business process management, Business process discovery, Business architecture, Business process execution language process, Information system, Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules, business, Software engineering, computer
Abstract: In Process-Aware Information Systems, business processes are often modeled in an explicit way. Roughly speaking, the available business process modeling languages can be divided into two groups.Languages from the first group are preferred by academic people but shunned by business people, and include Petri nets and process algebras. These academic languages have a proper formal semantics, which allows the corresponding academic models to be verified in a formal way. Languages from the second group are preferred by business people but disliked by academic people, and include BPEL, BPMN, and EPCs. These business languages often lack any proper semantics, which often leads to debates on how to interpret certain business models. Nevertheless, business models are used in practice, whereas academic models are hardly used. To be able to use, for example, the abundance of Petri net verification techniques on business models, we need to be able to transform these models to Petri nets. In this paper, we investigate a number of Petri net transformations that already exist.For every transformation, we investigate the transformation itself, the constructs in the business models that are problematic for the transformation and the main applications for the transformation.
Published: 2009

12. Report : The Process Model Matching Contest 2013

Author: Cayoglu, U., Dijkman, R.M., Dumas, M., Fettke, P., García-Bañuelos, L., Hake, P., Klinkmuller, C., Leopold, H., Ludwig, A., Loos, P., Mendling, J., Oberweis, A., Schoknecht, A., Sheetrit, E., Thaler, T., Ullrich, M., Weber, I.M., Weidlich, M., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Information Systems IE&IS
Subjects: Process modeling, Basis (linear algebra), Process (engineering), Computer science, Effective management, Harmonization, 502050 Business informatics, computer.software_genre, CONTEST, 502050 Wirtschaftsinformatik, Data mining, Model matching, Heuristics, computer
Abstract: Process model matching refers to the creation of correspondences between activities of process models. Applications of process model matching are manifold, reaching from model validation over harmonization of process variants to effective management of process model collections. Recently, this demand led to the development of different techniques for process model matching. Yet, these techniques are heuristics and, thus, their results are inherently uncertain and need to be evaluated on a common basis. Currently, however, the BPM community lacks established data sets and frameworks for evaluation. The Process Model Matching Contest 2013 aimed at addressing the need for effective evaluation by defining process model matching problems over published data sets. This paper summarizes the setup and the results of the contest. Besides a description of the contest matching problems, the paper comprises short descriptions of all matching techniques that have been submitted for participation. In addition, we present and discuss the evaluation results and outline directions for future work in this field of research
Published: 2014

13. Supporting domain experts to select and configure precise compliance rules

Author: Ramezani, E., Fahland, D., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Process Science
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Process mining, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Business operations, Notation, Rotation formalisms in three dimensions, Bridge (nautical), Compliance (psychology), Domain (software engineering), Systems engineering, business, Software engineering, Natural language
Abstract: Compliance specifications concisely describe selected aspects of what a business operation should adhere to. To enable automated techniques for compliance checking, it is important that these requirements are specified correctly and precisely, describing exactly the behavior intended. Although there are rigorous mathematical formalisms for representing compliance rules, these are often perceived to be difficult to use for business users. Regardless of notation, however, there are often subtle but important details in compliance requirements that need to be considered. The main challenge in compliance checking is to bridge the gap between informal description and a precise specification of all requirements. In this paper, we present an approach which aims to facilitate creating and understanding formal compliance requirements by providing configurable templates that capture these details as options for commonly-required compliance requirements. These options are configured interactively with end-users, using question trees and natural language. The approach is implemented in the Process Mining Toolkit ProM. Keywords: Compliance specification; Compliance checking; Configurable compliance rules; Auditing; Question tree
Published: 2014

14. Report : business process intelligence challenge 2013

Author: Dongen, van, B.F., Weber, B., Ferreira, D.R., De Weerdt, J., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Process Science
Subjects: Problem management, Knowledge management, Work (electrical), business.industry, Computer science, Business analysis, Intelligence cycle (target-centric approach), Business process intelligence, Business activity monitoring, business, Field (computer science)
Abstract: For the third time, the Business Process Intelligence workshop hosted the Business Process Intelligence Challenge. The goal of this challenge is twofold. On the one hand, the challenge allows researchers and practitioners in the field to show their analytical capabilities to a broader audience. On the other hand, the challenge (and it’s data) allows for researchers to prove that their techniques work on real-life data sets.
Published: 2014

15. Where did I go wrong? : explaining errors in business process models

Author: Lohmann, N., Fahland, D., Sadiq, S., Soffer, P., Völzer, H., and Process Science
Abstract: Business process modeling is still a challenging task — especially since more and more aspects are added to the models, such as data lifecycles, security constraints, or compliance rules. At the same time, formal methods allow for a detection of errors in the early modeling phase. Detected errors are usually explained with a path from the initial to the error state. These paths can grow unmanageably and make the understanding and fixing of errors very time consuming. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel explanation of errors: Instead of listing the actions on the path to the error, only the decisions that lead to it are reported and highlighted in the original model. Furthermore, we exploit concurrency to create a compact artifact to explain errors.
Published: 2014

16. Discovering block-structured process models from event logs containing infrequent behaviour

Author: Leemans, S.J.J., Fahland, D., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Process Science
Subjects: Soundness, Engineering, Process modeling, business.industry, Event (computing), media_common.quotation_subject, Process (computing), Process mining, computer.software_genre, Business process discovery, Quality (business), Data mining, business, computer, media_common, Block (data storage)
Abstract: Given an event log describing observed behaviour, process discovery aims to find a process model that ‘best’ describes this behaviour. A large variety of process discovery algorithms has been proposed. However, no existing algorithm returns a sound model in all cases (free of deadlocks and other anomalies), handles infrequent behaviour well and finishes quickly. We present a technique able to cope with infrequent behaviour and large event logs, while ensuring soundness. The technique has been implemented in ProM and we compare the technique with existing approaches in terms of quality and performance. Keywords: Process mining; Process discovery; Block-structured process models; Soundness; Fitness; Precision; Generalisation
Published: 2014

17. Synthesizing object-centric models from business process models

Author: Eshuis, H., Van Gorp, P.M.E., Lohmann, N., Song, M., Wohed, P., and Information Systems IE&IS
Subjects: business.industry, Process (engineering), Artifact-centric business process model, Computer science, Business object, Activity diagram, Business process modeling, Object (computer science), Business Process Model and Notation, Unified Modeling Language, Software engineering, business, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract: Business process models expressed in UML activity diagrams can specify the flow of multiple stateful business objects among activities. Such business process models implicitly specify not only the life cycles of those objects, but also their communication. This paper presents a semi-automated approach that synthesizes an object-centric system design from a business process model referencing multiple objects. The object-centric design can be used to perform the process in a flexible way.
Published: 2014

18. Supporting blended workflows

Author: Passinhas, D., Adams, M., Pinto, B.O., Costa, R., Silva, A.R., Hofstede, ter, A.H.M., Lohmann, N., Moser, S., and Information Systems IE&IS
Abstract: Despite advances in the field of workflow flexibility, there is still insufficient support for dealing with unforeseen exceptions. In particular, it is challenging to find a solution which preserves the intent of the process as much as possible when such exceptions are encountered. This challenge can be alleviated by making the connection between a process and its objectives more explicit. This paper presents a demo illustrating the blended workflow approach where two specifications are fused together, a "classic " process model and a goal model. End users are guided by the process model but may deviate from this model whenever unexpected situations are encountered. The two models involved provide views on the process and the demo shows how one can switch between these views and how they are kept consistent by the blended workflow engine. A simple example involving the making of a doctor’s appointment illustrates the potential advantages of the proposed approach to both researchers and developers.
Published: 2012

19. Information flow security for business process models - just one click away

Author: Lehmann, A., Fahland, D., Lohmann, N., Moser, S., and Process Science
Abstract: When outsourcing tasks of a business process to a third party, information flow security becomes a critical issue. In particular implicit information leaks are an intriguing problem. Given a business process one could ask whether the execution of a confidential task is kept secret to a third party which can observe some public (nonconfidential) tasks. A business process is secure in sense of implicit information flow if a third party can not deduce the execution of confidential tasks based on observations of public tasks. We will show that we can verify much faster whether a given process model is secure, support a new information flow property, and support the modeler to create a secure process using a graphical modeling tool. The demo might be interesting for all process modelers and those who are concerned with security in the BPM community.
Published: 2012

20. Detecting approximate clones in process model repositories with Apromore

Author: Ekanayake, C.C., Mannhardt, F., García-Bañuelos, L., La Rosa, M., Dumas, M., Hofstede, ter, A.H.M., Lohmann, N., Moser, S., and Information Systems IE&IS
Abstract: Approximate clone detection is the process of identifying similar process fragments in business process model collections. The tool presented in this paper can efficiently cluster approximate clones in large process model repositories. Once a repository is clustered, users can filter and browse the clusters using different filtering parameters. Our tool can also visualize clusters in the 2D space, allowing a better understanding of clusters and their member fragments. This demonstration will be useful for researchers and practitioners working on large process model repositories, where process standardization is a critical task for increasing the consistency and reducing the complexity of the repository.
Published: 2012

21. Ensuring correctness during process configuration via partner synthesis

Author: Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., La Rosa, M., and Process Science
Abstract: Variants of the same process can be encountered within one organization or across different organizations. For example, different municipalities, courts, and rental agencies all need to support highly similar processes. In fact, procurement and sales processes can be found in almost any organization. However, despite these similarities, there is also the need to allow for local variations in a controlled manner. Therefore, many academics and practitioners have advocated the use of configurable process models (sometimes referred to as reference models). A configurable process model describes a family of similar process models in a given domain. Such a model can be configured to obtain a specific process model that is subsequently used to handle individual cases, for instance, to process customer orders. Process configuration is notoriously difficult as there may be all kinds of interdependencies between configuration decisions. In fact, an incorrect configuration may lead to behavioral issues such as deadlocks and livelocks. To address this problem, we present a novel verification approach inspired by the "operating guidelines" used for partner synthesis. We view the configuration process as an external service, and compute a characterization of all such services which meet particular requirements via the notion of configuration guideline. As a result, we can characterize all feasible configurations (i. e., configurations without behavioral problems) at design time, instead of repeatedly checking each individual configuration while configuring a process model.
Published: 2011

22. Realizability is controllability

Author: Lohmann, N., Wolf, K., Laneve, C., and Su, J.
Abstract: A choreography describes the interaction between services. It may be used for specification purposes, for instance serving as a contract in the design of an inter-organizational business process. Typically, not all describable interactions make sense which motivates the study of the realizability problem for a given choreography. In this paper, we show that realizability can be traced back to the problem of controllability which asks whether a service has compatible partner processes. This way of thinking makes algorithms for controllability available for reasoning about realizability. In addition, it suggests alternative definitions for realizability. We discuss several proposals for defining realizability which differ in the degree of coverage of the specified interaction.
Published: 2010

23. Wendy: A tool to synthesize partners for services

Author: Lohmann, N., Weinberg, D., Lilius, J., Penczek, W., and Process Science
Subjects: Service (business), Set (abstract data type), Controllability, Correctness, business.industry, Computer science, Distributed computing, Petri net, Software engineering, business, Communications protocol, Adaptation (computer science), Test (assessment)
Abstract: Service-oriented computing proposes services as building blocks which can be composed to complex systems. To reason about the correctness of a service, its communication protocol needs to be analyzed. A fundamental correctness criterion for a service is the existence of a partner service, formalized in the notion of controllability. In this paper, we introduce Wendy, a Petri net-based tool to synthesize partner services. These partners are valuable artifacts to support the design, validation, verification, and adaptation of services. Furthermore, Wendy can calculate an operating guideline, a characterization of the set of all partners of a service. Operating guidelines can be used in many application scenarios from service brokerage to test case generation. Case studies show that Wendy efficiently performs on industrial service models.
Published: 2010

24. Correctness Ensuring Process Configuration: An Approach Based on Partner Synthesis

Author: Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., La Rosa, M., Xu, J., Hull, R., Mendling, J., Tai, S., Information Systems IE&IS, and Process Science
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), Process modeling, Correctness, business.industry, Computer science, Distributed computing, Process (computing), Guideline, Petri net, Domain (software engineering), Business process management, Systems engineering, business, Enterprise resource planning
Abstract: A configurable process model describes a family of similar process models in a given domain. Such a model can be configured to obtain a specific process model that is subsequently used to handle individual cases, for instance, to process customer orders. Process configuration is notoriously difficult as there may be all kinds of interdependencies between configuration decisions. In fact, an incorrect configuration may lead to behavioral issues such as deadlocks and livelocks. To address this problem, we present a novel verification approach inspired by the "operating guidelines" used for partner synthesis. We view the configuration process as an external service, and compute a characterization of all such services which meet particular requirements using the notion of configuration guideline. As a result, we can characterize all feasible configurations (i. e., configurations without behavioral problems) at design time, instead of repeatedly checking each individual configuration while configuring a process model.
Published: 2010

25. Communication models for services

Author: Lohmann, N., Gierds, C., Sürmeli, J., and Process Science
Abstract: Communication is an essential aspect of services. Services do not only realize simple request-response scenarios, but increasingly implement complex and stateful communication protocols. Such a protocol specifies the order in which messages are sent and received by a service and is an essential part of a service description. Services are usually not executed in isolation, but as a collaboration which is composed of several services. The behavior of such a collaboration is not only determined by the communication protocol of each participating service, but also by the way messages are exchanged. A communication model specifies the properties of the message channels between the services and defines the way how messages are sent and received. This paper studies and classifies several dimensions of communication models and describes their impact to the behavior of service compositions.
Published: 2010

26. How to Implement a Theory of Correctness in the Area of Business Processes and Services

Author: Lohmann, N., Wolf, K., Hull, R., Mendling, J., and Tai, S.
Subjects: Correctness, Business process, Computer science, Artifact-centric business process model, business.industry, Interoperability, Business process modeling, Software engineering, business, Implementation, Rotation formalisms in three dimensions, Sketch
Abstract: During the previous years, we presented several results concerned with various issues related to the correctness of models for business processes and services (i. e., interorganizational business processes). For most of the results, we presented tools and experimental evidence for the computational capabilities of our approaches. Over the time, the implementations grew to a consistent and interoperable family of tools, which we call SERVICE-TECHNOLOGY.ORG. This paper aims at presenting this tool family SERVICE-TECHNOLOGY.ORG. as a whole.We briefly sketch the underlying formalisms and covered problem settings and describe the functionality of the participating tools. Furthermore, we discuss several lessons that we learned from the development and use of this tool family. We believe that the lessons are interesting for other academic tool development.
Published: 2010

27. Discovering block-structured process models from event logs containing infrequent behaviour

Author: Song, M, Wohed, P, Lohmann, N, Leemans, Sander, Fahland, Dirk, van der Aalst, Wil, Song, M, Wohed, P, Lohmann, N, Leemans, Sander, Fahland, Dirk, and van der Aalst, Wil
Abstract: Given an event log describing observed behaviour, process discovery aims to find a process model that ‘best’ describes this behaviour. A large variety of process discovery algorithms has been proposed. However, no existing algorithm returns a sound model in all cases (free of deadlocks and other anomalies), handles infrequent behaviour well and finishes quickly. We present a technique able to cope with infrequent behaviour and large event logs, while ensuring soundness. The technique has been implemented in ProM and we compare the technique with existing approaches in terms of quality and performance. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
Published: 2014

28. A finite representation of all substitutable services and its applications

Author: Parnjai, J., Stahl, C., Wolf, K., Kopp, O., Lohmann, N., and Process Science
Abstract: We present a finite representation of all substitutable services P’ of a given service P. We show that our approach can be used for at least two applications: (1) given a finite set of services P = {P1, ..., Pn}, we provide a representation of all services P0 that can substitute every Pi 2 P, and (2) given a service P" that cannot substitute a service P, we find the most similar service P* to P" that can substitute P.
Published: 2009

29. Does my service have unspecified behavior?

Author: Kaschner, K., Lohmann, N., and Kopp, O.
Abstract: Services are loosely coupled interacting software components. Since two or more services are usually composed to one software system, the behavior of an implemented service should not differ to its specification. Therefore we propose an approach to test, if the implementation contains unspecified behavior. Due to the interacting nature of services this is a nontrivial task.
Published: 2009

30. Realizability is controllability

Author: Lohmann, N., Wolf, K., and Kopp, O.
Abstract: A choreography describes the interaction between services. It may be used for specification purposes, for instance serving as a contract in the design of an interorganizational business process. Typically, not all describable interactions make sense which motivates the study of the realizability problem for a given choreography. In this paper, we show that realizability can be traced back to the problem of controllability which askes whether a service has compatible partner processes. This way of thinking makes algorithms for controllability available for reasoning about realizability. In addition, it suggests alternative definitions for realizability. We discuss several proposals for defining realizability which differ in the degree of coverage of the specified interaction.
Published: 2009

31. Instantaneous soundness checking of industrial business process models

Author: Fahland, D., Favre, C., Jobstmann, B., Koehler, J., Lohmann, N., Völzer, H., Wolf, K., Dayal, U., Eder, J., and Reijers, H.A.
Subjects: Process modeling, Business rule, Computer science, Artifact-centric business process model, business.industry, Business process, Process mining, Petri net, Business process modeling, Reliability engineering, Business process discovery, Business Process Model and Notation, Business process management, Software engineering, business
Abstract: We report on a case study on control-flow analysis of business process models. We checked 735 industrial business process models from financial services, telecommunications and other domains. We investigated these models for soundness (absence of deadlock and lack of synchronization) using three different approaches: the business process verification tool Woflan, the Petri net model checker LoLA, and a recently developed technique based on SESE decomposition. We evaluate the various techniques used by these approaches in terms of their ability of accelerating the check. Our results show that industrial business process models can be checked in a few milliseconds, which enables tight integration of modeling with control-flow analysis. We also briefly compare the diagnostic information delivered by the different approaches.
Published: 2009

32. From public views to private views: correctness-by-design for services

Author: Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Massuthe, P., Stahl, C., Wolf, K., Dumas, M., Heckel, H., and Information Systems IE&IS
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), Correctness, Knowledge management, Service-orientation, Computer science, business.industry, computer.software_genre, Rules of engagement, Resource (project management), Asynchronous communication, Architecture, Web service, business, computer
Abstract: Service orientation is a means for integrating across diverse systems. Each resource, whether an application, system, or trading partner, can be accessed as a service. The resulting architecture, often referred to as SOA, has been an important enabler for interorganizational processes. Apart from technological issues that need to be addressed, it is important that all parties involved in such processes agree on the "rules of engagement". Therefore, we propose to use a contract that specifies the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Each party may then implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (i.e., the private view) accords with the contract. In this paper, we define a suitable notion of accordance inspired by the asynchronous nature of services. Moreover, we present several transformation rules for incrementally building a private view such that accordance with the contract is guaranteed by construction. These rules include adding internal tasks as well as the reordering of messages and are therefore much more powerful than existing correctness-preserving transformation rules.
Published: 2008

33. An approach to tackle livelock-freedom in SOA

Author: Stahl, C., Wolf, K., Lohmann, N., and Process Science
Abstract: We calculate a fixed finite set of state space fragments for a service P, where each fragment carries a part of the whole behavior of P. By composing these fragments according to the behavior of a service R we build the state space of their composition P ¿ R which can be checked for deadlocks and livelocks. We show that this approach is applicable to realize a "find" request by a service R with a provided service P in SOA.
Published: 2008

34. Weak conformance of process models with respect to data objects

Author: Kopp, O, Lohmann, N, Schonberger, A, Meyer, Andreas, Polyvyanyy, Artem, Weske, Mathias, Kopp, O, Lohmann, N, Schonberger, A, Meyer, Andreas, Polyvyanyy, Artem, and Weske, Mathias
Abstract: Process models specify behavioral aspects by describing ordering constraints between tasks which must be accomplished to achieve envisioned goals. Tasks usually exchange information by means of data objects, i.e., by writing information to and reading information from data objects. A data object can be characterized by its states and allowed state transitions. In this paper, we propose a notion which checks conformance of a process model with respect to data objects that its tasks access. This new notion can be used to tell whether in every execution of a process model each time a task needs to access a data object in a particular state, it is ensured that the data object is in the expected state or can reach the expected state and, hence, the process model can achieve its goals.
Published: 2012

35. Supporting blended workflows

Author: Moser, S, Lohmann, N, Passinhas, Davide, Adams, Michael, Pinto, Bernardo Oliveira, Costa, Ricardo, Rito Silva, Antonio, ter Hofstede, Arthur, Moser, S, Lohmann, N, Passinhas, Davide, Adams, Michael, Pinto, Bernardo Oliveira, Costa, Ricardo, Rito Silva, Antonio, and ter Hofstede, Arthur
Abstract: Despite advances in the field of workflow flexibility, there is still insufficient support for dealing with unforeseen exceptions. In particular, it is challenging to find a solution which preserves the intent of the process as much as possible when such exceptions are encountered. This challenge can be alleviated by making the connection between a process and its objectives more explicit. This paper presents a demo illustrating the blended workflow approach where two specifications are fused together, a "classic" process model and a goal model. End users are guided by the process model but may deviate from this model whenever unexpected situations are encountered. The two models involved provide views on the process and the demo shows how one can switch between these views and how they are kept consistent by the blended workflow engine. A simple example involving the making of a doctor's appointment illustrates the potential advantages of the proposed approach to both researchers and developers.
Published: 2012

36. Detecting approximate clones in process model repositories with Apromore

Author: Moser, S, Lohmann, N, Ekanayake, Chathura, Mannhardt, Felix, Garcia-Banuelos, Luciano, La Rosa, Marcello, Dumas Menijvar, Marlon, ter Hofstede, Arthur, Moser, S, Lohmann, N, Ekanayake, Chathura, Mannhardt, Felix, Garcia-Banuelos, Luciano, La Rosa, Marcello, Dumas Menijvar, Marlon, and ter Hofstede, Arthur
Abstract: Approximate clone detection is the process of identifying similar process fragments in business process model collections. The tool presented in this paper can efficiently cluster approximate clones in large process model repositories. Once a repository is clustered, users can filter and browse the clusters using different filtering parameters. Our tool can also visualize clusters in the 2D space, allowing a better understanding of clusters and their member fragments. This demonstration will be useful for researchers and practitioners working on large process model repositories, where process standardization is a critical task for increasing the consistency and reducing the complexity of the repository.
Published: 2012

37. Correctness of services and their composition

Author: Lohmann, N. and Lohmann, N.
Abstract: Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an emerging paradigm of system design and aims at replacing complex monolithic systems by a composition of interacting systems, called services. A service encapsulates self-contained functionality and offers it over a well-defined, standardized interface. This modularization may reduce both complexity and cost. At the same time, new challenges arise with the distributed execution of services in dynamic compositions. In particular, the correctness of a service composition depends not only on the local correctness of each participating service, but also on the correct interaction between them. Unlike in a centralized monolithic system, services may change and are not completely controlled by a single party. We study correctness of services and their composition and investigate how the design of correct service compositions can be systematically supported. We thereby focus on the communication protocol of the service and approach these questions using formal methods and make contributions to three scenarios of SOC. The correctness of a service composition depends on the correctness of the participating services. To this end, we (1) study correctness criteria which can be expressed and checked with respect to a single service. We validate services against behavioral specifications and verify their satisfaction in any possible service composition. In case a service is incorrect, we provide diagnostic information to locate and fix the error. In case every participating service of a service composition is correct, their interaction can still introduce problems. We (2) automatically verify correctness of service compositions. We further support the design phase of service compositions and present algorithms to automatically complete partially specified compositions and to fix incorrect compositions. A service composition can also be derived from a specification, called choreography. A choreography globally specifies the observable behavio
Published: 2010

38. Petrifying operating guidelines for services

Author: Lohmann, N., Wolf, K., Lohmann, N., and Wolf, K.
Abstract: Operating guidelines characterize correct interaction (e.g. deadlock freedom) with a service. They can be stored in a service registry. So far, they have been represented as an annotated transition system. For the sake of saving space in the registry, we want to translate operating guidelines into Petri nets. To make this possible, we carefully investigate regularities in the annotations.
Published: 2009

39. SU-E-T-54: Dosimetric Verification of Monte Carlo Dose Calculations for a GammaMed HDR 192Ir Brachytherapy Source Using Various Detector Types, and Non-Reference Condition Correction Factors KNR

Author: Chofor, N, primary, Lohmann, N, additional, Luetjens, S, additional, Harder, D, additional, and Poppe, B, additional
Published: 2013
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40. Comparing and evaluating Petri net semantics for BPEL

Author: Lohmann, N., Verbeek, H.M.W., Ouyang, C., Stahl, C., Aalst, van der, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Verbeek, H.M.W., Ouyang, C., Stahl, C., and Aalst, van der, W.M.P.
Published: 2007

41. Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes

Author: van der Aalst, W. M.P., primary, Lohmann, N., additional, Massuthe, P., additional, Stahl, C., additional, and Wolf, K., additional
Published: 2008
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42. Implementation and Benchmarking of Hardware Accelerators for Ciphering in LTE Terminals.

Author: Hessel, S., Szczesny, D., Lohmann, N., Bilgic, A., and Hausner, J.
Published: 2009
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43. Analysis Techniques for Service Models.

Author: Reisig, W., Fahland, D., Lohmann, N., Massuthe, P., Stahl, C., Weinberg, D., Wolf, K., and Kaschner, K.
Published: 2006
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44. Correlations of Life Satisfaction, Morale and Adjustment Measures

Author: Lohmann, N., primary
Published: 1977
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45. Search for a non-standard-model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of new light bosons in four-muon final states

Author: Natale Demaria, M. Serin, Donato Creanza, Marc Dobson, Yao Weng, Alessandro Giassi, Lukas Wehrli, Maurizio Pierini, Mindaugas Janulis, A. Ozpineci, David Cussans, S. K. Park, Ronald Remington, Francesca Cavallari, Luigi Benussi, R. Ciesielski, Josef Hrubec, Salim Cerci, Daniel R Claes, G. Giurgiu, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, M. H. Ansari, Stefano Belforte, E. Palencia Cortezon, Massimo Casarsa, Andrés G Delannoy, Christopher Hill, A. C. Le Bihan, Jongmin Lee, Soon-Kwon Nam, Daniele Pedrini, S. Semenov, Mikko Voutilainen, S. Habib, Alexey Svyatkovskiy, Robert Harr, E. Luiggi Lopez, S. H. Chuang, Konrad Deiters, Anna Cimmino, Emine Gurpinar, Klaus Freudenreich, A. Ferrando, Nicholas Wardle, Alexander Dermenev, Sabino Meola, Roberto Covarelli, Eunhyang Kwon, J. Yelton, S. Di Guida, Nancy Marinelli, Dong Ho Moon, Navarria F.L Navarria, Sertac Ozturk, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Alan Campbell, Sergio Cittolin, Julien Caudron, Armin Burgmeier, Scodellaro L Scodellaro, Jared Sturdy, Nikolai Krasnikov, Sami Lehti, Jozsef Molnar, Adish Vartak, Vincenzo Chiochia, M. Vazquez Acosta, Charalambos Nicolaou, Steffen Mueller, M. I. Asghar, Niki Saoulidou, Sercan Sen, Matthew Chasco, Rachel Yohay, Nicola Pacifico, Sergio P Ratti, Alexander Gude, K. H. Chen, Nicola Pozzobon, Mhg Souza, M. Correa Martins Junior, Maria Erofeeva, J. Chasserat, Sandra S. Padula, Thomas Weiler, Paolo Vitulo, William J Spalding, Plamen Iaydjiev, Raffaele Tito D'Agnolo, J. Gronberg, Yuan-Hann Chang, M. Bansal, Frank Chlebana, P. Lawson, Jay Roberts, Stefano Bianco, Cristina Ferro, Muhammad Shoaib, A. Nürnberg, Jan Thomsen, Giovanni Organtini, Mohammed Mahmoud, Paolo Spagnolo, C. Justus, Tiziano Rovelli, Michal Bluj, Rodriguez J.L Rodriguez, Artur Kalinowski, C. Willmott, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, Gregory Rakness, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, V. Stolin, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, Hermine Katharina Wöhri, Thomas Schoerner-Sadenius, Nicola Bacchetta, Attila Racz, Roberta Arcidiacono, Valentin Knünz, Volker Adler, Jonathan Fulcher, Yuri Gershtein, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Jelena Luetic, Tapio Lampén, M. A. Reyes-Santos, Andrey Marinov, C. Jarvis, Sharon Hagopian, Ralf Ulrich, P. Fabbricatore, Tomasz Frueboes, Alberto Ruiz-Jimeno, Emmanuelle Perez, Maryam Zeinali, Patrick Jarry, Benjamin Charles Radburn-Smith, Thiago Dos Reis Martins, Cristina Riccardi, Claude Nuttens, Paola Torre, Matthias Schröder, Fabrizio Fabbri, Christoph Wissing, Juliette Alimena, I. Heredia-de La Cruz, Khristian Kotov, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, S. Wakefield, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Igor Dremin, Abideh Jafari, Nathan Mirman, Mykolas Jurgis Bilinskas, A. Markina, Mia Tosi, Merrill Jenkins, Ludmila Sarycheva, J. Whitmore, Johannes Hauk, Lloyd Stanley Durkin, Yvonne Kuessel, Vincenzo Innocente, Prashant Shukla, André Rosowsky, Andrew Ivanov, G. Nicolas Kaufman, Daniela Bortoletto, Alexander Mott, Frank Hartmann, Luciano Orsini, Vasile Mihai Ghete, W. Wu, Guillaume Garcia, Valentina Dutta, St J. John, Bryan Dahmes, Sulak L Sulak, Amitabh Lath, James Jackson, B. A. Barnett, C. Martinez Rivero, Ulf Behrens, Gabriella Pugliese, David Petyt, Igor Katkov, Burak Bilki, Shuai Liu, P. E. Marage, Ioannis Papadopoulos, R. Frühwirth, Peter E. Schlein, Xin Shi, G. Zito, Joachim Mnich, Andreas Mussgiller, Gianluca Cerminara, L. N. Vergili, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Tom Cornelis, Benoit Roland, Shivali Malhotra, Gunter Quast, Robert Cousins, Didar Dobur, Fotios Ptochos, Chris Farrell, Lorenzo Basso, T. Christiansen, S. Goy Lopez, Riccardo Bellan, Michael Gardner, Bruce W Kennedy, Valery Zhukov, Christos Leonidopoulos, Alexander Spiridonov, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, Christoph Hackstein, Ron Lipton, R. K. Choudhury, Giuseppe Barbagli, J. Alcaraz Maestre, Daniel Denegri, Antonio Rossi, Chi Lin, S. Walsh, Pete Markowitz, Dario Menasce, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Muniz L Muniz, Eric Conte, David Barney, Stephanie Beauceron, Mark Raymond Adams, Ulrich Husemann, Gyorgy Bencze, I. Krätschmer, Valentina Sola, Dimitri Bourilkov, S. Carrillo Moreno, Suresh C Tonwar, Sylvie Braibant-Giacomelli, Vardan Khachatryan, Austin Ball, P. Mehta, Teruki Kamon, Srecko Morovic, S. Sala, Bruno Casal, Gregory Habib Hammad, Stefan Schael, Sudhir Malik, Ia Iashvili, Roberto Guida, Monoranjan Guchait, D. Liang, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, Sébastien Viret, Aldo Penzo, Natalie Heracleous, Kevin Lannon, Radia Redjimi, V. Khotilovich, K. H. Hoffmann, K. Sudhakar, Claudio Grandi, Dennis Klingebiel, S. R. Ro, Torben Schum, Francesco Palmonari, Ulrich Heintz, B. Frisch, Mayda Velasco, M. Segala, G. Della Ricca, Chiara Mariotti, O. Oberst, U. E. Surat, E. Eskut, Nathaniel Odell, Alexey Volkov, Dean Hidas, Davide Pagano, Michael Eads, Vladimir Popov, Bastian Kargoll, Peter Elmer, Helena Bialkowska, Erhan Gülmez, Kaori Maeshima, Aurelijus Rinkevicius, Matteo Marone, Jie Zhang, Hartmut Stadie, Zhenwei Yang, F. M. Stober, J. Ellison, Jessica Shiu, Quentin Ingram, Giovanni Petrucciani, Dawn Leslie, Igor Vorobiev, Josef Hammer, Winstrom L Winstrom, Paul Papacz, Teodorescu L Teodorescu, Mikhail Dubinin, Vyacheslav Valuev, Derek Barge, Alexander Dierlamm, Andrew Whitbeck, Sunil Bansal, Viktor Veszpremi, Abdulla Abdulsalam, Stefano Lacaprara, Marco Grassi, Shabnam Jabeen, Cory Fantasia, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Martin Erdmann, M. Pioppi, Y. Zheng, Patricia McBride, Krzysztof Doroba, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Sa. Jain, Ta-Yung Ling, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Viktor Savrin, Pascal Vanlaer, Luciano Barone, Z. Hatherell, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, M. Gabusi, Dmitri Konstantinov, Nitish Dhingra, R. E. Hughes, Y. Q. Ma, Jordan Damgov, Richard Breedon, J. Klukas, Ketino Kaadze, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, T. Speer, Alessandro Montanari, Luc Pape, Vassili Kachanov, F. Ricci-Tam, P. M. Ribeiro Cipriano, Francisco Yumiceva, Ritva Kinnunen, P. Van Mechelen, Benedikt Hegner, Claude Amsler, Andrew Brinkerhoff, J. Suarez Gonzalez, Thomas Ferguson, Matthew Hollingsworth, Benjamin Snook, James Zabel, Otilia Militaru, Georgia Karapostoli, H. Arfaei, Bartolomeo Marangelli, M. Müntel, Wei Li, Giorgio Maggi, Sadia Khalil, C. Fernandez Bedoya, H. Held, Suat Ozkorucuklu, V. E. Bazterra, Panos A Razis, Steven R. Simon, Christina Urscheler, Christian Contreras-Campana, André Holzner, Michal Szleper, Philippe Gras, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, Erik Butz, Alexander Toropin, L. Perchalla, Moritz Guthoff, Marc Weber, S. Won, Andrey Leonidov, Paul Lujan, K. Banzuzi, T. Hermanns, Antonio Branca, Jean-Charles Fontaine, Rainer Wallny, T. Karaman, Dmytro Kovalskyi, Metin Yalvac, Virgil E Barnes, E. Karavakis, N. Cripps, Jose Flix, A. P. Singh, Daniel Noonan, Candan Dozen, Huseyin Topakli, Joerg Behr, Riccardo Paramatti, Andrea Giammanco, Marko Ekmedzic, H. Snoek, Anton Dimitrov, T. Mäki, T. J. Pearson, Alessio Ghezzi, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, Ming Xu, M. Ivova Rikova, Souvik Das, Andrea Gozzelino, W. Reece, Luca Malgeri, P. Bartalini, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Tatiana Medvedeva, Hanno Perrey, Frank Jm Geurts, Petar Maksimovic, Niklas Pietsch, E. Di Marco, Patrick Janot, J. Babb, M. Chan, Thorsten Chwalek, M. Merola, Amedeo Staiano, Robert Schöfbeck, M. Feindt, M. Hashemi, Louis Sgandurra, David Colling, S. König, Teng Ma, Thomas Reis, Natalia Lychkovskaya, Richard Cavanaugh, Joschka Lingemann, Sergey Senkin, S. Blyweert, J. S. Wood, L. K. Gibbons, D. A. Sanders, Stephanie Baffioni, Philip Harris, D. Matos Figueiredo, Noemi Beni, S. Reucroft, Didier Contardo, E. Castro, Frank Würthwein, K. Petridis, M. Zielinski, Marco Meschini, J. Hanlon, P. Van Mulders, Marco Rovere, M. Della Negra, Manas Maity, Maria Isabel Josa, Alexi Mestvirishvili, Michael Wayne Arenton, Emmanuel Olaiya, Alexander Schmidt, Nadir Daci, Mohsen Khakzad, S. Stoykova, N. De Filippis, Kyong Sei Lee, M. Luk, Samantha Hewamanage, Nadja Strobbe, Joseph Goodell, M. Deniz, Timo Peltola, Inga Bucinskaite, H. S. Chen, J. Puerta Pelayo, Jason Gilmore, Marco Paganoni, M. Grothe, Anthony Moeller, Michele Rosin, Ivan Amos Cali, Jim Freeman, Don Lincoln, Laurent Thomas, Norbert Neumeister, M. Meneghelli, James John Brooke, Andrea Massironi, Shashikant Dugad, Demortier L Demortier, Michael Schmitt, Hafeez R Hoorani, Georgios Georgiou, Giuseppe Antonio Pierro, Evgueni Vlasov, Carlo Rovelli, Vadim Oreshkin, Daniel John Karmgard, D. Sprenger, Manfred Jeitler, Fedor Ratnikov, Fabrizio Palla, R. Wilkinson, Ezio Torassa, S. Sengupta, Elisabetta Gallo, A. M. Guler, J. A. Gomez, Ulrich Goerlach, Farida Fassi, K. S. Grogg, Stephen Sanders, Kurtis F Johnson, Greg P Heath, M. Aguilar-Benitez, C.W. Fabjan, Roberto Dell'Orso, A. Guneratne Bryer, Shruti Panwalkar, U. Gasparini, Cristina Biino, B. R. Drell, Harry Cheung, Nikoloz Skhirtladze, R. Jussen, Lohmann W Lohmann, Steve Nahn, Peter Schleper, Zhen Hu, Keith Ulmer, Sergey Troshin, Meng Wang, D. Winn, Emanuela Barberis, Avraham Yagil, Nicolo Magini, Paolo Capiluppi, James Rohlf, Carlos Avila, Giuseppe Codispoti, A. Papageorgiou, Eva Halkiadakis, M. Bontenackels, Frank Glege, Ilina Vasileva Akin, L. Lusito, Sergei Bitioukov, John L Wood, Jan Veverka, Ricardo Eusebi, Andrew Melo, Vladimir Cherepanov, Steve Schnetzer, Daniel Duggan, I. Shreyber, Philip Baringer, Deborah Duchardt, Andreas Güth, Peter Timothy Cox, Michael Dittmar, Cecilia Elena Gerber, George Stephans, David D'Enterria, Helio Nogima, M. Zeise, Matthew Fisher, J. A. Brochero Cifuentes, J. Conway, D. Del Re, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Dong Hee Kim, Maxime Gouzevitch, I. Belotelov, Ivan Mikulec, Aristotelis Kyriakis, Francesco Micheli, Maurice Haguenauer, Boaz Klima, D. Evans, Richard G Kellogg, Gul Gokbulut, Michael Tytgat, J. Robles, David Lange, Robin Erbacher, Hannelies Kluge, D. Sunar Cerci, Senta Greene, Sherif Elgammal, Sergey Shmatov, Frank Raupach, Jacob Linacre, B. Mura, Fabrizio Gasparini, Michele Selvaggi, Christopher George Tully, Loic Quertenmont, Aram Apyan, Bernard Ille, Christian Hartl, A. Deisher, A. B. Meyer, H. Mendez, Victor Murzin, Pietro Vischia, A. Hunt, Gulsen Onengut, Viktor Matveev, I. Manolakos, P. Checchia, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, Philippe Miné, Gobinda Majumder, Peter Robmann, Carlos Lourenco, Christoph Schäfer, P. Bunin, F. Simonetto, Joao Seixas, Francisco Matorras, John A Coughlan, M. Gataullin, Ferhat Ozok, Vincent Lemaitre, E. A. De Wolf, K. Mishra, A. Kayis Topaksu, Alexander Belyaev, Eric Appelt, Romero L Romero, Denis Rathjens, Yueh-Feng Liu, Dinko Ferencek, Claudio Campagnari, Phillip Russell Dudero, Z. K. Liu, Teppo Mäenpää, Alexandre Zabi, Vladimir Rekovic, Ian Shipsey, C. Mavrommatis, Giovanni Franzoni, Paul Baillon, Artur Apresyan, Tiziano Camporesi, L. Brigliadori, Sara Vanini, Seema Sharma, D. Mekterovic, Nural Akchurin, C. Lazaridis, Christopher Neu, Jaehyeok Yoo, Raymond Patrick Kenny Iii, Joseph Gartner, Ilya Kravchenko, Evrim Ersin Kangal, Ashok Kumar, Marc Besancon, Alberto Orso Maria Iorio, Wesley H Smith, A. Sharp, I. Gonzalez Caballero, Chiyoung Jeong, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, Ferenc Sikler, Dayong Wang, Mauro Verzetti, Mario Kadastik, C. Mesropian, N. G. Redaelli, Luca Perrozzi, Manfred Krammer, Tutanon Sinthuprasith, Kevin Sung, Florent Lacroix, Konstanty Sumorok, Semiray Girgis, John Perry Cumalat, Valentin Sulimov, Zheng Wang, Wajid Ali Khan, Lev Uvarov, Jeroen Hegeman, Y. B. Hsiung, Bibhuti Parida, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Winer B.L Winer, G. Wrochna, Sergey Rusakov, David Futyan, Dezso Horvath, Livia Soffi, Christopher Seez, Santiago Folgueras, George Alverson, Kachanon Nirunpong, Boris Mangano, P. 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Ellithi Kamel, Vladimir Andreev, Ivan Glushkov, Tiago Souza Dos Anjos, David Stuart, Alice Mignerey, Aruna Nayak, J. Anderson, Roberto Sacchi, R. Doesburg, Gervasio Gomez, Rebane L Rebane, B. De La Cruz, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Yetkin Yilmaz, Petar Adzic, Maria Margherita Obertino, Natascha Hörmann, Tejinder Virdee, Seth Cooper, Emrah Tiras, Toyoko Orimoto, R. Musenich, Bolek Wyslouch, Alessia Tricomi, Krzysztof Nawrocki, Nikolay Tyurin, Roumyana Hadjiiska, S. A. Schmitz, Roko Plestina, Mario Pelliccioni, Anne Dabrowski, A. Van Spilbeeck, D. Renker, Katarzyna Romanowska-Rybinska, A. K. Sanchez, Oliver Gutsche, Jeremy Mans, Agni Bethani, Morgan Lethuillier, Charles Dietz, Yasar Onel, Keith Rose, Mingshui Chen, E. Friis, Nikita Beliy, Dong-Chul Son, C. Plager, Maria Spiropulu, D. Dammann, E. Brownson, Tariq Aziz, Samim Erhan, T. Miceli, Tulika Bose, Dave M Newbold, Martti Raidal, G. Walzel, N. Adam, Emmanuel Contreras-Campana, D. M. 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Vander Marcken, Ege Üniversitesi, CMS Collaboration, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, Chatrchyan, S, Khachatryan, V, Sirunyan, A, Tumasyan, A, Adam, W, Aguilo, E, Bergauer, T, Dragicevic, M, Erö, J, Fabjan, C, Friedl, M, Frühwirth, R, Ghete, V, Hammer, J, Hörmann, N, Hrubec, J, Jeitler, M, Kiesenhofer, W, Knünz, V, Krammer, M, Krätschmer, I, Liko, D, Mikulec, I, Pernicka, M, Rahbaran, B, Rohringer, C, Rohringer, H, Schöfbeck, R, Strauss, J, Taurok, A, Waltenberger, W, Walzel, G, Widl, E, Wulz, C, Mossolov, V, Shumeiko, N, Suarez Gonzalez, J, Bansal, M, Bansal, S, Cornelis, T, De Wolf, E, Janssen, X, Luyckx, S, Mucibello, L, Ochesanu, S, Roland, B, Rougny, R, Selvaggi, M, Staykova, Z, Van Haevermaet, H, Van Mechelen, P, Van Remortel, N, Van Spilbeeck, A, Blekman, F, Blyweert, S, D'Hondt, J, Gonzalez Suarez, R, Kalogeropoulos, A, Maes, M, Olbrechts, A, Van Doninck, W, Van Mulders, P, Van Onsem, G, Villella, I, Clerbaux, B, De Lentdecker, G, Dero, V, Gay, A, Hreus, T, Léonard, A, Marage, P, Mohammadi, A, Reis, T, Thomas, L, Vander Marcken, G, Vander Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Wang, J, Adler, V, Beernaert, K, Cimmino, A, Costantini, S, Garcia, G, Grunewald, M, Klein, B, Lellouch, J, Marinov, A, Mccartin, J, Ocampo Rios, A, Ryckbosch, D, Strobbe, N, Thyssen, F, Tytgat, M, Verwilligen, P, Walsh, S, Yazgan, E, Zaganidis, N, Basegmez, S, Bruno, G, Castello, R, Ceard, L, Delaere, C, du Pree, T, Favart, D, Forthomme, L, Giammanco, A, Hollar, J, Lemaitre, V, Liao, J, Militaru, O, Nuttens, C, Pagano, D, Pin, A, Piotrzkowski, K, Schul, N, Vizan Garcia, J, Beliy, N, Caebergs, T, Daubie, E, Hammad, G, Alves, G, Correa Martins Junior, M, Martins, T, Pol, M, Souza, M, Aldá Júnior, W, Carvalho, W, Custódio, A, Da Costa, E, De Jesus Damiao, D, De Oliveira Martins, C, Fonseca De Souza, S, Matos Figueiredo, D, Mundim, L, Nogima, H, Oguri, V, Prado Da Silva, W, Santoro, A, L. Soares Jorge, N, Sznajder, A, Anjos, T, Bernardes, C, Dias, F, Fernandez Perez Tomei, T, Gregores, E, Lagana, C, Marinho, F, Mercadante, P, Novaes, S, Padula, S, Genchev, V, Iaydjiev, P, Piperov, S, Rodozov, M, Stoykova, S, Sultanov, G, Tcholakov, V, Trayanov, R, Vutova, M, Dimitrov, A, Hadjiiska, R, Kozhuharov, V, Litov, L, Pavlov, B, Petkov, P, Bian, J, Chen, G, Chen, H, Jiang, C, Liang, D, Liang, S, Meng, X, Tao, J, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Xiao, H, Xu, M, Zang, J, Zhang, Z, Asawatangtrakuldee, C, Ban, Y, Guo, Y, W. Li, N, Liu, S, Mao, Y, Qian, S, Teng, H, Wang, D, L. Zhang, N, W. 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Mohapatra, I. Ojalvo, F. Palmonari, G. Pierro, I. Ro, A. Savin, W. Smith, J. Swanson, The, CMS Collaboration, Iorio, ALBERTO ORSO MARIA, Others, Merola, Mario, Lista, Luca, Belforte, S., Candelise, Vieri, Casarsa, M., Cossutti, F., DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Gobbo, B., Marone, Matteo, Montanino, Damiana, Penzo, A., Schizzi, Andrea, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Özyeğin University, Işıldak, Bora, Yerevan Phys Inst, OeAW, Natl Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Univ Antwerp, Vrije Univ Brussel, Univ Libre Brussels, Univ Ghent, Catholic Univ Louvain, Univ Mons, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Univ Sofia, Inst High Energy Phys, Peking Univ, Universidad de los Andes, Tech Univ Split, Univ Split, Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Univ Cyprus, Charles Univ Prague, Acad Sci Res & Technol Arab Republ Egypt, NICPB, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Lappeenranta Univ Technol, CEA Saclay, Ecole Polytech, Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, CNRS, Univ Lyon 1, Tbilisi State Univ, RWTH Aachen University, DESY, Univ Hamburg, Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Univ Athens, Univ Ioannina, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen Univ Med, Panjab Univ, University of Delhi, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Tata Inst Fundamental Res EHEP, Tata Inst Fundamental Res HECR, Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Bari, Politecn Bari, Univ Bologna, Univ Catania, Univ Florence, Univ Genoa, Univ Milano Bicocca, Univ Naples Federico II, Univ Padua, Univ Trento Trento, Univ Pavia, Univ Perugia, Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Univ Rome, Univ Turin, Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Univ Trieste, Kangwon Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Chonnam Natl Univ, Korea University, Univ Seoul, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Vilnius State Univ, IPN, Univ Iberoamer, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Univ Auckland, Univ Canterbury, Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Nucl Res, Univ Warsaw, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, University of Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, CIEMAT, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Oviedo, Univ Cantabria, CERN, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ Zurich, Natl Cent Univ, Natl Taiwan Univ, Chulalongkorn Univ, Cukurova Univ, Middle E Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Istanbul Tech Univ, Natl Sci Ctr, Univ Bristol, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Brunel Univ, Baylor Univ, Univ Alabama, Boston University, Brown University, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Calif Los Angeles, University of California, Riverside (UCR), Univ Calif San Diego, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CALTECH, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Univ Colorado, Cornell Univ, Fairfield Univ, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Florida, Florida Int Univ, Florida State University, Florida Inst Technol, Univ Illinois, Univ Iowa, Johns Hopkins Univ, University of Kansas (KU), Kansas State University, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, University of Maryland, MIT, Univ Minnesota, University of Mississippi, Univ Nebraska, SUNY Buffalo, Northeastern University, Northwestern University (NU), Univ Notre Dame, Ohio State Univ, Princeton University, Univ Puerto Rico, Purdue Univ, Purdue University Calumet, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rockefeller Univ, Rutgers State Univ, Univ Tennessee, Texas A&M Univ, Texas Tech Univ, Vanderbilt Univ, University of Virginia (UVA), Wayne State Univ, Univ Wisconsin, Vienna Univ Technol, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Suez Canal Univ, Zewail City Sci & Technol, Cairo Univ, Fayoum Univ, British Univ Egypt, Univ Haute Alsace, Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Eotvos Lorand Univ, Visva Bharati Univ, Sharif Univ Technol, Isfahan Univ Technol, Islamic Azad Univ, Univ Basilicata, Univ Guglielmo Marconi, Univ Siena, Univ Bucharest, Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Adiyaman Univ, Izmir Inst Technol, Mersin Univ, Ozyegin Univ, Kafkas Univ, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Ege Univ, Univ Southampton, Univ Sydney, Utah Valley Univ, Argonne Natl Lab, Erzincan Univ, Mimar Sinan Univ, Karapınar, Güler, Izmir Institute of Technology. Mathematics, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS Collaboration (ukupan broj autora: 2198), UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, S., Chatrchyan, V., Khachatryan, A. M., Sirunyan, A., Tumasyan, W., Adam, E., Aguilo, T., Bergauer, M., Dragicevic, J., Ero, C., Fabjan, M., Friedl, R., Fruhwirth, V. M., Ghete, J., Hammer, N., Hormann, J., Hrubec, M., Jeitler, W., Kiesenhofer, V., Knunz, M., Krammer, I., Kratschmer, D., Liko, I., Mikulec, M., Pernicka, B., Rahbaran, C., Rohringer, H., Rohringer, R., Schofbeck, J., Strau, A., Taurok, W., Waltenberger, G., Walzel, E., Widl, C. E., Wulz, V., Mossolov, N., Shumeiko, J. S., Gonzalez, M., Bansal, S., Bansal, T., Corneli, E. A., De, X., Janssen, S., Luyckx, L., Mucibello, S., Ochesanu, B., Roland, R., Rougny, M., Selvaggi, Z., Staykova, H. V., Haevermaet, P. V., Mechelen, N. V., Remortel, A. V., Spilbeeck, F., Blekman, S., Blyweert, J., D'Hondt, R. G., Suarez, A., Kalogeropoulo, M., Mae, A., Olbrecht, W. V., Doninck, P. V., Mulder, G. P., Van, I., Villella, B., Clerbaux, G. D., Lentdecker, V., Dero, A. P., R., T., Hreu, A., Leonard, P. E., Marage, A., Mohammadi, T., Rei, L., Thoma, G. V., Marcken, C. V., Velde, P., Vanlaer, J., Wang, V., Adler, K., Beernaert, A., Cimmino, S., Costantini, G., Garcia, M., Grunewald, B., Klein, J., Lellouch, A., Marinov, J., Mccartin, A. A., O., D., Ryckbosch, N., Strobbe, F., Thyssen, M., Tytgat, P., Verwilligen, S., Walsh, E., Yazgan, N., Zaganidi, S., Basegmez, G., Bruno, R., Castello, L., Ceard, C., Delaere, T. d., Pree, D., Favart, L., Forthomme, A., Giammanco, J., Hollar, V., Lemaitre, J., Liao, O., Militaru, C., Nutten, D., Pagano, A., Pin, K., Piotrzkowski, N., Schul, J. M., V., N., Beliy, T., Caeberg, E., Daubie, G. H., Hammad, G. A., Alve, M. C., Martin, T., Martin, M. E., Pol, M. H., G., W. L., Alda, W., Carvalho, A., Custodio, E. M., Da, D. D., Damiao, C. D., Martin, S. F., De, D. M., Figueiredo, L., Mundim, H., Nogima, V., Oguri, W. L., P., A., Santoro, L. S., Jorge, A., Sznajder, T. S., Anjo, C. A., Bernarde, F. A., Dia, T. R., F., E. M., Gregore, C., Lagana, F., Marinho, P. G., Mercadante, S. F., Novae, S. S., Padula, V., Genchev, P., Iaydjiev, S., Piperov, M., Rodozov, S., Stoykova, G., Sultanov, V., Tcholakov, R., Trayanov, M., Vutova, A., Dimitrov, R., Hadjiiska, V., Kozhuharov, L., Litov, B., Pavlov, P., Petkov, J. G., Bian, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, C. H., Jiang, D., Liang, S., Liang, X., Meng, J., Tao, X., Wang, Z., Wang, H., Xiao, M., Xu, J., Zang, Z., Zhang, C., Asawatangtrakuldee, Y., Ban, Y., Guo, W., Li, S., Liu, Y., Mao, S. J., Qian, H., Teng, D., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Zou, C., Avila, J. P., Gomez, B. G., Moreno, A. F., O., J. C., Sanabria, N., Godinovic, D., Lela, R., Plestina, D., Polic, I., Puljak, Z., Antunovic, M., Kovac, V., Brigljevic, S., Duric, K., Kadija, J., Luetic, S., Morovic, A., Attiki, M., Galanti, G., Mavromanolaki, J., Mousa, C., Nicolaou, F., Ptocho, P. A., Razi, M., Finger, Y., Assran, S., Elgammal, A. E., Kamel, M. A., Mahmoud, A., Radi, M., Kadastik, M., Muntel, M., Raidal, L., Rebane, A., Tiko, P., Eerola, G., Fedi, M., Voutilainen, J., Harkonen, A., Heikkinen, V., Karimaki, R., Kinnunen, M. J., Kortelainen, T., Lampen, K., Lassila Perini, S., Lehti, T., Linden, P., Luukka, T., Maenpaa, T., Peltola, E., Tuominen, J., Tuominiemi, E., Tuovinen, D., Ungaro, L., Wendland, K., Banzuzi, A., Karjalainen, A., Korpela, T., Tuuva, M., Besancon, S., Choudhury, M., Dejardin, D., Denegri, B., Fabbro, J. L., Faure, F., Ferri, S., Ganjour, A., Givernaud, P., Gra, G. H., De, P., Jarry, E., Locci, J., Malcle, L., Millischer, A., Nayak, J., Rander, A., Rosowsky, I., Shreyber, M., Titov, S., Baffioni, F., Beaudette, L., Benhabib, L., Bianchini, M., Bluj, C., Broutin, P., Busson, C., Charlot, N., Daci, T., Dahm, M., Dalchenko, L., Dobrzynski, R. G., De, M., Haguenauer, P., Mine, C., Mironov, I. N., Naranjo, M., Nguyen, C., Ochando, P., Paganini, D., Sabe, R., Salerno, Y., Siroi, C., Veelken, A., Zabi, J. L., Agram, J., Andrea, D., Bloch, D., Bodin, J. M., Brom, M., Cardaci, E. C., Chabert, C., Collard, E., Conte, F., Drouhin, C., Ferro, J. C., Fontaine, D., Gele, U., Goerlach, P., Juillot, A. C., Le, P. V., Hove, F., Fassi, D., Mercier, S., Beauceron, N., Beaupere, O., Bondu, G., Boudoul, J., Chasserat, R., Chierici, D., Contardo, P., Depasse, H. E., Mamouni, J., Fay, S., Gascon, M., Gouzevitch, B., Ille, T., Kurca, M., Lethuillier, L., Mirabito, S., Perrie, L., Sgandurra, V., Sordini, Y., Tschudi, P., Verdier, S., Viret, Z., Tsamalaidze, G., Anagnostou, C., Autermann, S., Beranek, M., Edelhoff, L., Feld, N., Heracleou, O., Hindrich, R., Jussen, K., Klein, J., Merz, A., Ostapchuk, A., Perieanu, F., Raupach, J., Sammet, S., Schael, D., Sprenger, H., Weber, B., Wittmer, V., Zhukov, M., Ata, J., Caudron, E., Dietz Laursonn, D., Duchardt, M., Erdmann, R., Fischer, A., Guth, T., Hebbeker, C., Heidemann, K., Hoepfner, D., Klingebiel, P., Kreuzer, M., Merschmeyer, A., Meyer, M., Olschewski, P., Papacz, H., Pieta, H., Reithler, S. A., Schmitz, L., Sonnenschein, J., Steggemann, D., Teyssier, M., Weber, M., Bontenackel, V., Cherepanov, Y., Erdogan, G., Flugge, H., Geenen, M., Geisler, W. H., Ahmad, F., Hoehle, B., Kargoll, T., Kre, Y., Kuessel, J., Lingemann, A., Nowack, L., Perchalla, O., Pooth, P., Sauerland, A., Stahl, M. A., Martin, J., Behr, W., Behrenhoff, U., Behren, M., Bergholz, A., Bethani, K., Borra, A., Burgmeier, A., Cakir, L., Calligari, A., Campbell, E., Castro, F., Costanza, D., Dammann, C. D., Pardo, G., Eckerlin, D., Eckstein, G., Flucke, A., Geiser, I., Glushkov, P., Gunnellini, S., Habib, J., Hauk, G., Hellwig, H., Jung, M., Kasemann, P., Katsa, C., Kleinwort, H., Kluge, A., Knutsson, M., Kramer, D., Krucker, E., Kuznetsova, W., Lange, W., Lohmann, B., Lutz, R., Mankel, I., Marfin, M., Marienfeld, I. A., Melzer Pellmann, A. B., Meyer, J., Mnich, A., Mussgiller, S., Naumann Emme, O., Novgorodova, J., Olzem, H., Perrey, A., Petrukhin, D., Pitzl, A., Raspereza, P. M., R., C., Riedl, E., Ron, M., Rosin, J., Salfeld Nebgen, R., Schmidt, T., Schoerner Sadeniu, N., Sen, A., Spiridonov, M., Stein, R., Walsh, C., Wissing, V., Blobel, J., Draeger, H., Enderle, J., Erfle, U., Gebbert, M., Gorner, T., Hermann, R. S., Hoing, K., Kaschube, G., Kaussen, H., Kirschenmann, R., Klanner, J., Lange, B., Mura, F., Nowak, T., Peiffer, N., Pietsch, D., Rathjen, C., Sander, H., Schettler, P., Schleper, E., Schlieckau, A., Schmidt, M., Schroder, T., Schum, M., Seidel, J., Sibille, V., Sola, H., Stadie, G., Steinbruck, J., Thomsen, L., Vanelderen, C., Barth, J., Berger, C., Boser, T., Chwalek, W. D., Boer, A., Descroix, A., Dierlamm, M., Feindt, M., Guthoff, C., Hackstein, F., Hartmann, T., Hauth, M., Heinrich, H., Held, K. H., Hoffmann, U., Husemann, I., Katkov, J. R., Komaragiri, P. L., Pardo, D., Martschei, S., Mueller, T., Muller, M., Niegel, A., Nurnberg, O., Oberst, A., Oehler, J., Ott, G., Quast, K., Rabbertz, F., Ratnikov, N., Ratnikova, S., Rocker, F. P., Schilling, G., Schott, H. J., Simoni, F. M., Stober, D., Troendle, R., Ulrich, J., Wagner Kuhr, S., Wayand, T., Weiler, M., Zeise, G., Daskalaki, T., Gerali, S., Kesisoglou, A., Kyriaki, D., Louka, I., Manolako, A., Markou, C., Markou, C., Mavrommati, E., Ntomari, L., Gousko, T. J., Mertzimeki, A., Panagiotou, N., Saoulidou, I., Evangelou, C., Fouda, P., Kokka, N., Mantho, I., Papadopoulo, V., Patra, G., Bencze, C., Hajdu, P., Hida, D., Horvath, F., Sikler, V., Veszpremi, G., Vesztergombi, N., Beni, S., Czellar, J., Molnar, J., Palinka, Z., Szillasi, J., Karancsi, P., Raic, Z. L., Trocsanyi, B., Ujvari, S. B., Beri, V., Bhatnagar, N., Dhingra, R., Gupta, M., Kaur, M. Z., Mehta, N., Nishu, L. K., Saini, A., Sharma, J. B., Singh, A., Kumar, S., Ahuja, A., Bhardwaj, B. C., Choudhary, S., Malhotra, M., Naimuddin, K., Ranjan, V., Sharma, R. K., Shivpuri, S., Banerjee, S., Bhattacharya, S., Dutta, B., Gomber, S., Jain, R., Khurana, S., Sarkar, M., Sharan, A., Abdulsalam, R. K., Choudhury, D., Dutta, S., Kaila, V., Kumar, P., Mehta, A. K., Mohanty, L. M., Pant, P., Shukla, T., Aziz, S., Ganguly, M., Guchait, M., Maity, G., Majumder, K., Mazumdar, G. B., Mohanty, B., Parida, K., Sudhakar, N., Wickramage, S., Dugad, H., Arfaei, H., Bakhshiansohi, S. M., Etesami, A., Fahim, M., Hashemi, H., Hesari, A., Jafari, M., Khakzad, M. M., Najafabadi, S. P., Mehdiabadi, B., Safarzadeh, M., Zeinali, M., Abbrescia, L., Barbone, C., Calabria, S. S., Chhibra, A., Colaleo, D., Creanza, N. D., Filippi, M. D., Palma, L., Fiore, G., Iaselli, G., Maggi, M., Maggi, B., Marangelli, S., My, S., Nuzzo, N., Pacifico, A., Pompili, G., Pugliese, G., Selvaggi, L., Silvestri, G., Singh, R., Venditti, G., Zito, G., Abbiendi, A. C., Benvenuti, D., Bonacorsi, S., Braibant Giacomelli, L., Brigliadori, P., Capiluppi, A., Castro, F. R., Cavallo, M., Cuffiani, G. M., Dallavalle, F., Fabbri, A., Fanfani, D., Fasanella, P., Giacomelli, C., Grandi, L., Guiducci, S., Marcellini, G., Masetti, M., Meneghelli, A., Montanari, F. L., Navarria, F., Odorici, A., Perrotta, F., Primavera, A. M., Rossi, T., Rovelli, G. P., Siroli, R., Travaglini, S., Albergo, G., Cappello, M., Chiorboli, S., Costa, R., Potenza, A., Tricomi, C., Tuve, G., Barbagli, V., Ciulli, C., Civinini, R., D'Alessandro, E., Focardi, S., Frosali, E., Gallo, S., Gonzi, M., Meschini, S., Paoletti, G., Sguazzoni, A., Tropiano, L., Benussi, S., Bianco, S., Colafranceschi, D., Piccolo, P., Fabbricatore, R., Musenich, S., Tosi, A., Benaglia, F. D., Guio, L. D., Matteo, S., Fiorendi, S., Gennai, A., Ghezzi, S., Malvezzi, R. A., Manzoni, A., Martelli, A., Massironi, D., Menasce, L., Moroni, M., Paganoni, D., Pedrini, S., Ragazzi, N., Redaelli, S., Sala, T. T., De, S., Buontempo, C. A., C., N., Cavallo, A. D., Cosa, O., Dogangun, F., Fabozzi, A. 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S., Grogg, M., Grothe, R., Hall Wilton, M., Herndon, A., Herve, P., Klabber, J., Kluka, A., Lanaro, C., Lazaridi, J., Leonard, R., Lovele, A., Mohapatra, I., Ojalvo, F., Palmonari, G. A., Pierro, I., Ro, A., Savin, W. H., Smith, J., Swanson, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica
Subjects: Muon, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, OPAL DETECTOR, Vector boson, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, CMS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), SINGLET, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment, Boson, Physics, Muons, SUPERSYMMETRIC MODELS, Scalar boson, supersymmetry, higgs, cms, muons, nmssm, lhc, LHC, symbols, Higgs boson, Physique des particules élémentaires, GAUGE-THEORIES, NMSSM, PARTICLE, Higgs mechanism, physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, SUPERGRAVITY, MASS, EXTENSION, BREAKING, Higg, Standard model, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Gauge boson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Física, HEP, Higgs, Supersymmetry, CMS, Higgs, LHC, Muons, NMSSM, Supersymmetry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Interacting boson model
Abstract: Results are reported from a search for non-standard-model Higgs boson decays to pairs of new light bosons, each of which decays into the Î¼+Î¼- final state. The new bosons may be produced either promptly or via a decay chain. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at s, 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2013

46. Dioxin-like POPs in national samples from global monitoring plan projects (2017-2019).

Author: Fiedler H, Ábalos M, Parera J, Abad E, Lohmann N, Neugebauer F, Rottler H, and Horstmann M
Subjects: Animals, Cattle, Humans, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated, Morocco, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Dioxins, Benzofurans analysis, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analysis, Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Abstract: The global monitoring plan (GMP) established under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) had defined ambient air, human milk or blood, and water as core matrices to be analyzed and assessed for spatial and temporal distribution. Within projects coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), developing countries were offered to have other matrices analyzed for dioxin-like POPs (dl-POPs) in experienced laboratories. Subsequently, 185 samples from 27 countries located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America were collected during 2018-2019 and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), and biphenyls (PCB). Using the WHO 2005 toxic equivalency approach (TEQ), the amounts of dl-POPs found were low (<1 pg TEQ/g); however, singular samples had higher values; e.g., egg from Morocco, fish from Argentina or Tunisia; soil and sediment samples. Results showed that the matrix, abiotic or biota, had more impact on the TEQ pattern than the geographic location. Independent of the location and across all samples, dl-PCB in (shell)fish and beef samples had a contribution of 75% to the total TEQ; milk (63%), chicken (52%), and butter (50.2%) more than 50%. Sediment (57% and 32%) and soil (40% and 36%)) samples were dominated by PCDD and PCDF, respectively; therein, dl-PCB had shares of 11% and 24%. Egg samples (N = 27) did not follow the general biota pattern and had 21% of the TEQ from the PCDD, 45% from PCDF, and 34% from dl-PCB; thus, indicating that abiotic matrices such as soil or other material may have an impact., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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47. Changes and Challenges in Inpatient Mental Health Care During the First Two High Incidence Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany - Results From the COVID Ψ Psychiatry Survey.

Author: Wiegand HF, Bröcker AL, Fehr M, Lohmann N, Maicher B, Röthke N, Rueb M, Wessels P, de Greck M, Pfennig A, Unterecker S, Tüscher O, Walter H, Falkai P, Lieb K, Hölzel LP, and Adorjan K
Abstract: Psychiatric inpatient treatment, an important pillar of mental health care, is often of longer duration in Germany than in other countries. The COVID-19 pandemic called for infection prevention and control measures and thereby led to shifts in demand and inpatient capacities. The Germany-wide COVID Ψ Psychiatry Survey surveyed department heads of German psychiatric inpatient institutions. It assessed changes in utilization during the first two high incidence phases of the pandemic (spring 2020 and winter 2020/21) and also consequences for care, telemedicine experiences, hygiene measures, treatment of patients with mental illness and co-occuring SARS-CoV-2, and coercive measures in such patients. A total of n = 71 psychiatric departments (of 346 contacted) participated in the survey. The results showed a median decrease of inpatient treatment to 80% of 2019 levels and of day hospital treatment to 50% (first phase) and 70% (second phase). Reductions were mainly due to decreases in elective admissions, and emergency admissions remained unchanged or increased in 87% of departments. Utilization was reduced for affective, anxiety, personality, and addiction disorders but appeared roughly unaffected for psychotic disorders. A lack of integration of patients into their living environment, disease exacerbations, loss of contact, and suicide attempts were reported as problems resulting from reduced capacities and insufficient outpatient treatment alternatives. Almost all departments (96%) treated patients with severe mental illness and co-occurring SARS-CoV-2 infection. The majority established special wards and separate areas for (potentially) infectious patients. Telephone and video consultations were found to provide benefits in affective and anxiety disorders. Involuntary admissions of persons without mental illness because of infection protection law violations were reported by 6% of the hospitals. The survey showed high adaptability of psychiatric departments, which managed large capacity shifts and introduced new services for infectious patients, which include telemedicine services. However, the pandemic exacerbated some of the shortcomings of the German mental health system: Avoidable complications resulted from the lack of cooperation and integrated care sequences between in- and outpatient sectors and limited options for psychiatric hospitals to provide outpatient services. Preventive approaches to handle comparable pandemic situations in the future should focus on addressing these shortcomings., Competing Interests: PF received research support/honoraria for lectures or advisory activities from: Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, Essex, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Recordati, Richter, Servier, and Takeda. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wiegand, Bröcker, Fehr, Lohmann, Maicher, Röthke, Rueb, Wessels, de Greck, Pfennig, Unterecker, Tüscher, Walter, Falkai, Lieb, Hölzel and Adorjan.)
Published: 2022
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48. Metal-free oxoammonium salt-mediated C(sp 3 )-H oxidative Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction.

Author: Lohmann N, Milovanović V, Piekarski DG, and García Mancheño O
Subjects: Metals, Molecular Structure, Oxidative Stress, Azides chemistry, Cyanides chemistry
Abstract: In this work, an efficient oxidative C(sp 3 )-H Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction of cyclic benzylic amines to the corresponding α-tetrazolo compounds using a TEMPO salt as mild hydride abstractor-type oxidant is reported. This simple one-pot approach allows the direct functionalization of N-heterocycles such as tetrahydroisoquinolines with a variety of isocyanides and NaN 3 as a practical azide source. The reaction proceeds at room temperature and without the need of acid additives, allowing for the use of sensitive substrates, while minimizing isocyanide polymerization to provide the desired heterocycle-tetrazole products in synthetically useful yields (up to 99%).
Published: 2022
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49. Tissue concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in German freshwater fish: Derivation of fillet-to-whole fish conversion factors and assessment of potential risks.

Author: Rüdel H, Radermacher G, Fliedner A, Lohmann N, Koschorreck J, and Duffek A
Subjects: Animals, Carboxylic Acids, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water, Humans, Alkanesulfonic Acids analysis, Fluorocarbons analysis, Perches, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract: The European Water Framework Directive requires monitoring of bioaccumulative contaminants in fish to assess risks to human health by fish consumption and wildlife by secondary poisoning of predators. The list of priority substances for which environmental quality standards (EQSs) have been derived covers also perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). No EQSs have yet been set for other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are frequently detected in fish and of which some have a non-negligible risk potential compared to PFOS. As a case study, burdens for a set of PFAS were investigated for different fish species from five German freshwater sites and a Baltic Sea lagoon. PFAS concentrations were determined for composite samples of both, fillet and whole fish. On average, sum concentrations of C9-C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, which will be banned in the European Union in 2023, reached 87% and 82% of the PFOS burdens in fillet and whole fish, respectively. The potential risk of several PFAS other than PFOS was assessed using a previously suggested relative potency factor approach, which is also applied for a proposed EQS revision. Only five of 36 fillet samples (mostly perch) exceeded the current EQS for PFOS alone. By contrast, all fillet samples exceeded the newly proposed draft EQS, which considers potential effects of further PFAS but also a lower tolerable intake value. Additionally, the dataset was used to derive fillet-to-whole fish conversion factors, which can be applied to assess human health risks by consumption of fillet if only whole fish concentrations are available., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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50. Long-term trends of airborne halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) by means of tree leaf and shoot analyses.

Author: Dreyer A, Neugebauer F, Lohmann N, Rüdel H, Tarricone K, Rauert C, and Koschorreck J
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Trees, Flame Retardants analysis
Abstract: The historical air pollution with halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in Germany was assessed by investigating tree leaf and shoot samples which have been archived in the German environmental specimen bank. Samples covered the period from 1985 to 2016. 43 HFRs comprising polybrominated diphenyl ethers as well as emerging brominated and chlorinated compounds such as Dechlorane Plus, DBDPE, or DPTE, were analysed in 115 samples from ten sub sites originating from six areas characterised by different land uses, including urban as well as a background site. HFRs were observed in each sample showing the widespread distribution of HFRs in Germany in tree leaves and shoots as bioindicators of past and present atmospheric pollution. Analytes observed at elevated concentrations were BDE 209, DBDPE and DPTE. Observed HFR-levels differed between analytes as well as sampling locations, particularly prior to the year 2000. They were typically highest at conurbation areas. Concentrations at the background site often belonged to the lowest ones observed, however, lowest values were not exclusively found there. The quantification frequencies appeared to decrease from the past to most recent samples. With few exceptions, atmospheric pollution of both, legacy and emerging HFRs, decreased significantly., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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