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Kazakhstan housing sector consumes about 11-13% of the electric power and 40% of made thermal energy (Housing and Utilities, 2017). On the average, residential houses in Kazakhstan consume three times more energy per unit of the area, than in the countries of Northern Europe. High level warmly of losses connected with the wear-and-tear of the equipment, as well as with necessity of execution of repair and update is noted. One of the most important directions in the area of power saving and increase of power efficiency is research and development of financial mechanisms for ultimate users stimulating attraction of investments to update of existing buildings for increase of their power efficiency. Not see-ing to realization of the complex of legislative initiatives and events, communicating Republic politics Kazakhstan in the area of power efficiency needs further perfecting, including in view of the best inter-national experience. In given article opportunities of increase of power efficiency of buildings are considered at the expense of application of innovative financial tools enabling to increase the profitability of capital investments in given sector and to lower expenses. In connection with that financial tools used in international practice are presented, analysis of deficiencies and advantages of existing tools is carried out. Practical importance of research consists in consideration of the most effective innovative financial tools in the area of power saving enabling to raise buildings power efficiency, efficiency of investments in given area. Experience of implementation of financial tools and mechanisms stimulate the increase of power efficiency of buildings in such countries as Netherlands, France, Italy, Slovakia, Estonia etc

Nonlinear effects and external disturbances can severely impact the control of an autonomous race car at the handling limits. State-of-the-art approaches do not take these uncertainties explicitly into account in the design process and are therefore prone to failure. To overcome this limitation, we present a robust control design based on tube model predictive control (TMPC). It is based on a simplified friction limited point-mass model and an additive disturbance for the lateral and longitudinal dynamics. Instead of nominal predictions, it leverages an approximate tube of reachable sets over the prediction horizon to guarantee constraint satisfaction. The resulting optimisation problem can be posed in the form of a standard quadratic programme by tightening the input and state constraints. The computational burden is therefore the same as in the nominal case. We benchmark our controller on a Hardware-in-the-Loop testbench with a nonlinear dual-track model and a combined Pacejka tyre model. The results demonstrate that the TMPC controller reduces the constraint violations while achieving comparable lap-times in contrast to an MPC controller and an infinite time LQR controller. It manages to apply caution when needed while maintaining a similar level of performance and is therefore considered to be superior in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross section data for electron scattering from DNA are important for modelling radiation damage in biological systems. Triply differential cross sections for the electron impact ionization of the highest occupied outer valence orbital of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, which can be considered as an analogue to the deoxyribose backbone molecule in DNA, have been measured using the (e,2e) technique. The measurements have been performed with coplanar asymmetric kinematics at an incident electron energy of 250 eV, an ejected electron energy of 20 eV, and at scattered electron angles of -5°, -10°, and -15°. Experimental results are compared with corresponding theoretical calculations performed using the molecular 3-body distorted wave model. Some important differences are observed between the experiment and calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-section data for electron impact induced ionization of bio-molecules are important for modelling the deposition of energy within a biological medium and for gaining knowledge of electron driven processes at the molecular level. Triply differential cross sections have been measured for the electron impact ionization of the outer valence 7b2 and 10a1 orbitals of pyrimidine, using the (e, 2e) technique. The measurements have been performed with coplanar asymmetric kinematics, at an incident electron energy of 250 eV and ejected electron energy of 20 eV, for scattered electron angles of -5°, -10°, and -15°. The ejected electron angular range encompasses both the binary and recoil peaks in the triple differential cross section. Corresponding theoretical calculations have been performed using the molecular 3-body distorted wave model and are in reasonably good agreement with the present experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple differential cross sections for the electron-impact ionization of the outer valence orbital of tetrahydrofuran have been measured using the (e, 2e) technique. The measurements have been performed with coplanar asymmetric kinematics, at an incident electron energy of 250 eV and at an ejected electron energy of 10 eV, over a range of momentum transfers. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations carried out using the molecular three-body distorted wave model. The results obtained are important for gaining an understanding of electron driven processes at a molecular level and for modeling energy deposition in living tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general theory is developed for the angular distribution of Auger electrons emitted in the decay of molecular vacancies created by electron impact. The molecules are assumed as freely rotating. General expressions are derived where the angular distribution of the emitted Auger electrons is related to the anisotropy of the molecular axis distribution and to the shape and spatial orientation of the electronic orbitals prior to the Auger emission. Particular emphasis is placed on the correct formulation of the coherences produced during the ionization which requires an extension of previously derived formulas. The obtained equations are a necessary first step for future numerical calculations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]