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Evaluating the risk for any investment is a challenging task. It requires the determination of various factors impacting the asset under consideration. The value-at-risk (VaR) measure has been widely accepted as an effective tool for risk analysis. This study provides a risk analysis of a stock portfolio from the sectors of Oil and gas, Consumer goods and retail, Engineering products and services, Finance and Banking, and Healthcare. The stocks were selected based on their market capitalization in the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India. VaR is computed using various techniques, such as the historical method, parametric method, Monte-Carlo method, GARCH and historical conditional VaR (CVaR). Additionally, the optimal weights of each stock in the portfolio have been determined. This work excluded the period from March 2020 to December 2020 from the VaR analysis, as it witnessed a significant variation in stock prices due to the COVID-19 wave. The estimated VaR indicated that the historical conditional VaR showed the fewest violations, while GARCH estimated the minimum VaR compared to the other techniques and thus a relatively higher percentage of violations during backtesting. This work highlights the dynamic nature of financial risk and underscores the need for adaptive risk management strategies that can evolve with the changing market conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion resistance and wear resistance are important functional characteristics of engineering materials. There is constant research going on in the field of surface engineering to enhance these properties for the use of components in several engineering applications. In addition, the focus of the surface engineering research is to develop novel coating materials and to explore new processes or techniques. Conducting polymer coatings over the metallic surfaces have been extensively studied owing to their corrosion–resistant property. These coatings are primarily obtained using chemical and electrochemical deposition processes. In this paper, an innovative technique based on microwave irradiation is presented for developing a layer of conducting polymer-based nanocomposite on the cadmium substrate. The conducting polymer nanocomposite was prepared in-situ and comprised of a combination of polyaniline (PAni) and Fe3O4. Fe3O4 has been added to enhance the magnetic properties of the conducting polymer. The powdered nanocomposite was spread onto the metal substrate and was subjected to the microwave irradiation which resulted in the coating of the substrate. Characterization of the coated specimen has been carried out using Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy to check the efficacy of microwave processing. The presence of functional groups of polyaniline over the substrate reveals the presence of a thin layer of the nanocomposite. The study has opened up avenues for researchers to explore the energy saving microwave-assisted green processing technique for the coating application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]