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5. Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia

Author

Robinson, Ailie, Gomes, Laura Reis de Oliveira, Abdurahman, Oumer Shafi, Alemayehu, Wondu, Shuka, Gemeda, Melese, Ewunetu, Guye, Meseret, Legesse, Demitu, Elias, Eden, Temam, Kedir, Koro, Korso Hirpo, Adugna, Dereje, Seife, Fikre, Aga, Muluadam Abraham, Sarah, Virginia, Lambert, Saba M., Walker, Stephen L., Habtamu, Esmael, Solomon, Anthony W., Last, Anna, Macleod, David, Burton, Matthew J., and Logan, James G.

Published
2022
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6. Skin microbiome alters attractiveness to Anopheles mosquitoes

Author

Showering, Alicia, Martinez, Julien, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Gezan, Salvador A., Jones, Robert T., Oke, Catherine, Tytheridge, Scott, Pretorius, Elizabeth, Scott, Darren, Allen, Rachel L., D’Alessandro, Umberto, Lindsay, Steve W., Armour, John A. L., Pickett, John, and Logan, James G.

Published
2022
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8. Field- and laboratory-based studies on correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission by Musca sorbens: Determinants of fly-eye contact and investigations into fly carriage of elementary bodies.

Author

Robinson, Ailie, Versteeg, Bart, Abdurahman, Oumer Shafi, Clatworthy, Innes, Shuka, Gemeda, Debela, Dereje, Hordofa, Gebreyes, Reis de Oliveira Gomes, Laura, Abraham Aga, Muluadam, Dumessa, Gebeyehu, Sarah, Virginia, Macleod, David, Last, Anna, Burton, Matthew J., and Logan, James G.

Subjects
CHLAMYDIA trachomatis, VISION disorders, EYE infections, EYE diseases, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, INSECTS
Abstract

Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae) flies are thought to be vectors of the blinding eye disease trachoma, carrying the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) between the eyes of individuals. While their role as vectors has been convincingly demonstrated via randomised controlled trials in The Gambia, studies of fly-borne trachoma transmission remain scant and as such our understanding of their ability to transmit Ct remains poor. We examined fly-eye contact and caught eye-seeking flies from 494 individuals (79% aged ≤9 years) in Oromia, Ethiopia. Ct-carrying flies (harbouring Ct DNA) were found to cluster spatially in and nearby to households in which at least one resident had Ct infection. Fly-eye contact was positively associated with the presence of trachoma (disease), lower human body weight and increased human body temperature. Studies of laboratory-reared M. sorbens indicated that Ct is found both externally and internally following feeds to Ct culture, with scanning electron microscopy revealing how Ct bodies can cling to fly hairs (setae). Testing for Ct on field-caught M. sorbens found fly 'bodies' (thorax, wings and abdomen) to consistently test positive for Ct while legs and heads were infrequently Ct-positive. These studies strongly support the role of M. sorbens as vectors of trachoma and highlight the need for improved understanding of fly-borne trachoma transmission dynamics and vector competence. Author summary: Trachoma is a blinding eye disease caused by an infection of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Trachoma is responsible for vision impairment or blindness in 1.8 million people and is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The presence of flies around the eyes of young children is a common feature of life in trachoma endemic communities worldwide. This fly is most often Musca sorbens, an understudied species thought to transmit Ct. In order to understand more about Musca sorbens flies and their relationship with Ct, the researchers studied 247 households in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, where there is known to be a lot of trachoma. The authors found evidence of Ct on flies and that flies in households containing children with Ct infection were much more likely themselves to be carrying Ct, adding to evidence that M. sorbens flies contribute to transmission of the bacterium. They also found that children who weigh less and currently have trachoma were more likely to have flies land on their face. Should further studies clearly elucidate a role for M. sorbens as vectors of trachoma, controlling fly populations or preventing fly-eye contact may become an important aspect of trachoma disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. A review of Musca sorbens(Diptera: Muscidae) and Musca domesticabehavior and responses to chemical and visual cues

Author

Jones, Robert T, Fagbohun, Ifeoluwa K, Spencer, Freya I, Chen-Hussey, Vanessa, Paris, Laura A, Logan, James G, and Hiscox, Alexandra

Abstract

Muscaflies (Diptera: Muscidae) have been found culpable in the mechanical transmission of several infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and helminths, particularly in low-income settings in tropical regions. In large numbers, these flies can negatively impact the health of communities and their livestock through the transmission of pathogens. In some parts of the world, Musca sorbensis of particular importance because it has been linked with the transmission of trachoma, a leading cause of preventable and irreversible blindness or visual impairment caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, but the contribution these flies make to trachoma transmission has not been quantified and even less is known for other pathogens. Current tools for control and monitoring of house flies remain fairly rudimentary and have focused on the use of environmental management, insecticides, traps, and sticky papers. Given that the behaviors of flies are triggered by chemical cues from their environment, monitoring approaches may be improved by focusing on those activities that are associated with nuisance behaviors or with potential pathogen transmission, and there are opportunities to improve fly control by exploiting behaviors toward semiochemicals that act as attractants or repellents. We review current knowledge on the odor and visual cues that affect the behavior of M. sorbensand Musca domestica, with the aim of better understanding how these can be exploited to support disease monitoring and guide the development of more effective control strategies.

Published
2024
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12. Plasmodium -associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes

Author

Robinson, Ailie, Busula, Annette O., Voets, Mirjam A., Beshir, Khalid B., Caulfield, John C., Powers, Stephen J., Verhulst, Niels O., Winskill, Peter, Muwanguzi, Julian, Birkett, Michael A., Smallegange, Renate C., Masiga, Daniel K., Mukabana, W. Richard, Sauerwein, Robert W., Sutherland, Colin J., Bousema, Teun, Pickett, John A., Takken, Willem, Logan, James G., and de Boer, Jetske G.

Published
2018

13. Differential responses of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus to human host odours

Author

Logan, James G.

Subjects
595.772
Abstract

Behavioural studies using a Y-tube olfactometer confirmed the differential attractiveness of human volunteers to the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.  Volatile chemicals were collected from all volunteers by air entrainment.  The extracts were analysed behaviourally with Ae. aegypti and the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus in a Y-tube olfactometer.  The behavioural responses were similar to those previously observed to the hands of the volunteers.  Electrophysiological responses of Ae. aegypti and C. impunctatus, to volatiles from the air entrainment extracts, were recorded using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG).  EAG-active compounds were tentatively identified using GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were confirmed by peak enhancement.  A quantitative and qualitative analysis of compounds within the extracts revealed significant differences in chemical profiles.  The mean absolute amounts of benzaldehyde, 6-methyl­-5-hepten-2-one, octanal, nonanal, naphthalene, decanal and geranylacetone were significantly greater in the unattractive group than the attractive group.  Similarly, the mean relative amounts of 6-­methyl-5-hepten-2-one, octanal and decanal in the unattractive group were significantly greater than the attractive group.  Five compounds caused significant reductions in behavioural responses of Ae. aegypti when presented alongside a human hand in the Y-tube olfactometer, thus accounting for the lack of attraction towards the volunteers’ hands in the unattractive group.  The identification of such behaviourally active compounds could lead to improved control technologies, whereby such compounds could potentially be incorporated into new, safe and natural repellents against biting insects.

Published
2006

15. The Threat of Vector-Borne Diseases in Sierra Leone

Author

Jones, Robert T., primary, Tytheridge, Scott J., additional, Smith, Samuel J., additional, Levine, Rebecca S., additional, Hodges, Mary H., additional, Ansumana, Rashid, additional, Wulff, Sophie, additional, Whitworth, Jimmy, additional, and Logan, James G., additional

Published
2023
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16. Protocol for a cluster randomised placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria control on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau: the MATAMAL trial

Author

Hutchins, Harry, primary, Bradley, John, additional, Pretorius, Elizabeth, additional, Teixeira da Silva, Eunice, additional, Vasileva, Hristina, additional, Jones, Robert T, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, dit Massire Soumare, Harouna, additional, Mabey, David, additional, Nante, Ernesto Jose, additional, Martins, Cesario, additional, Logan, James G, additional, Slater, Hannah, additional, Drakeley, Chris, additional, D'Alessandro, Umberto, additional, Rodrigues, Amabelia, additional, and Last, Anna R, additional

Published
2023
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23. Expert considerations and consensus for using dogs to detect human SARS-CoV-2-infections

Author

Meller, Sebastian, primary, Al Khatri, Maryam Sultan Ali, additional, Alhammadi, Hamad Khatir, additional, Álvarez, Guadalupe, additional, Alvergnat, Guillaume, additional, Alves, Lêucio Câmara, additional, Callewaert, Chris, additional, Caraguel, Charles G. B., additional, Carancci, Paula, additional, Chaber, Anne-Lise, additional, Charalambous, Marios, additional, Desquilbet, Loïc, additional, Ebbers, Hans, additional, Ebbers, Janek, additional, Grandjean, Dominique, additional, Guest, Claire, additional, Guyot, Hugues, additional, Hielm-Björkman, Anna, additional, Hopkins, Amy, additional, Kreienbrock, Lothar, additional, Logan, James G., additional, Lorenzo, Hector, additional, Maia, Rita de Cassia Carvalho, additional, Mancilla-Tapia, Juan M., additional, Mardones, Fernando O., additional, Mutesa, Leon, additional, Nsanzimana, Sabin, additional, Otto, Cynthia M., additional, Salgado-Caxito, Marília, additional, de los Santos, Florencia, additional, da Silva, Jeine Emanuele Santos, additional, Schalke, Esther, additional, Schoneberg, Clara, additional, Soares, Anísio Francisco, additional, Twele, Friederike, additional, Vidal-Martínez, Victor Manuel, additional, Zapata, Ariel, additional, Zimin-Veselkoff, Natalia, additional, and Volk, Holger A., additional

Published
2022
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24. Expert considerations and consensus for using dogs to detect human SARS-CoV-2-infections

Author

Meller, Sebastian, Al Khatri, Maryam Sultan Ali, Alhammadi, Hamad Khatir, Álvarez, Guadalupe, Alvergnat, Guillaume, Alves, Lêucio Câmara, Callewaert, Chris, Caraguel, Charles G.B., Carancci, Paula, Chaber, Anne Lise, Charalambous, Marios, Desquilbet, Loïc, Ebbers, Hans, Ebbers, Janek, Grandjean, Dominique, Guest, Claire, Guyot, Hugues, Hielm-Björkman, Anna, Hopkins, Amy, Kreienbrock, Lothar, Logan, James G., Lorenzo, Hector, Maia, Rita de Cassia Carvalho, Mancilla-Tapia, Juan M., Mardones, Fernando O., Mutesa, Leon, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Otto, Cynthia M., Salgado-Caxito, Marília, de los Santos, Florencia, da Silva, Jeine Emanuele Santos, Schalke, Esther, Schoneberg, Clara, Soares, Anísio Francisco, Twele, Friederike, Vidal-Martínez, Victor Manuel, Zapata, Ariel, Zimin-Veselkoff, Natalia, Volk, Holger A., University of Helsinki, Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Petbone – ortopedia, fysioterapia, kivunlievitys, and Research Centre for Animal Welfare

Subjects
pandemic control, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, canine detection, test system, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health
Abstract

Funding Information: This Open Access publication was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491094227 “Open Access Publication Funding” and the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation.

Published
2022

31. Vector control strategies in Brazil : a qualitative investigation into community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions following the 2015-2016 Zika virus epidemic

Author

Bancroft, Dani, Power, Grace M., Jones, Robert T., Massad, Eduardo, Iriat, Jorge Bernstein, Preet, Raman, Kinsman, John, Logan, James G., Bancroft, Dani, Power, Grace M., Jones, Robert T., Massad, Eduardo, Iriat, Jorge Bernstein, Preet, Raman, Kinsman, John, and Logan, James G.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following the rapid emergence of neonatal microcephaly in Brazil during the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. In response, a national campaign sought to control Aedes mosquito populations and reduce ZIKV transmission. Achieving adherence to vector control or mosquito-bite reduction behaviours, including the use of topical mosquito repellents, is challenging. Coproduction of research at the community level is needed to understand and mitigate social determinants of lower engagement with Aedes preventive measures, particularly within disempowered groups. DESIGN: In 2017, the Zika Preparedness Latin America Network (ZikaPLAN) conducted a qualitative study to understand individual and community level experiences of ZIKV and other mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. Presented here is a thematic analysis of 33 transcripts from community focus groups and semistructured interviews, applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) to elaborate knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of ZIKV and vector control strategies. PARTICIPANTS: 120 purposively sampled adults of approximate reproductive age (18-45); 103 women participated in focus groups and 17 men in semistructured interviews. SETTING: Two sociopolitically and epidemiologically distinct cities in Brazil: Jundiaí (57 km north of São Paolo) and Salvador (Bahia state capital). RESULTS: Four key and 12 major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) knowledge and cues to action; (2) attitudes and normative beliefs (perceived threat, barriers, benefits and self-efficacy); (3) behaviour change (household prevention and community participation); and (4) community preferences for novel repellent tools, vector control strategies and ZIKV messaging. CONCLUSIONS: Common barriers to repellent adherence were accessibility, appearance and effectiveness. A strong case is made for the transferability of the HBM to inform epidemic preparedness for mo

Published
2022
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32. Effect of host preferences of mosquitoes on disease transmission between wildlife and humans

Author

Gutiérrez-López, Rafael, Logan, James G, Martínez-de la Puente, Josué, Gutiérrez-López, R ( Rafael ), Logan, J G ( James G ), Martínez-de la Puente, J ( Josué ), Verhulst, Niels O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1106-9711, Díez-Fernández, Alazne, Gutiérrez-López, Rafael, Logan, James G, Martínez-de la Puente, Josué, Gutiérrez-López, R ( Rafael ), Logan, J G ( James G ), Martínez-de la Puente, J ( Josué ), Verhulst, Niels O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1106-9711, and Díez-Fernández, Alazne

Published
2022

33. Skin microbiome alters attractiveness to Anopheles mosquitoes

Author

Experimentele Afd. Cardiologie 1, Showering, Alicia, Martinez, Julien, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Gezan, Salvador A, Jones, Robert T, Oke, Catherine, Tytheridge, Scott, Pretorius, Elizabeth, Scott, Darren, Allen, Rachel L, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Lindsay, Steve W, Armour, John A L, Pickett, John, Logan, James G, Experimentele Afd. Cardiologie 1, Showering, Alicia, Martinez, Julien, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Gezan, Salvador A, Jones, Robert T, Oke, Catherine, Tytheridge, Scott, Pretorius, Elizabeth, Scott, Darren, Allen, Rachel L, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Lindsay, Steve W, Armour, John A L, Pickett, John, and Logan, James G

Published
2022

36. Using trained dogs and organic semi-conducting sensors to identify asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

Author

Guest, Claire, Dewhirst, Sarah Y, Lindsay, Steve W, Allen, David J, Aziz, Sophie, Baerenbold, Oliver, Bradley, John, Chabildas, Unnati, Chen-Hussey, Vanessa, Clifford, Samuel, Cottis, Luke, Dennehy, Jessica, Foley, Erin, Gezan, Salvador A, Gibson, Tim, Greaves, Courtenay K, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Lambert, Sébastien, Last, Anna, Morant, Steve, Parker, Josephine E A, Pickett, John, Quilty, Billy J, Rooney, Ann, Shah, Manil, Somerville, Mark, Squires, Chelci, Walker, Martin, Logan, James G, Jones, Robert, Assis, Ana, Borthwick, Ewan, Caton, Laura, Edwards, Rachel, Heal, Janette, Hill, David, Jahan, Nazifa, Johnson, Cecelia, Kaye, Angela, Kirkpatrick, Emily, Kisha, Sarah, Ledeatte Williams, Zaena, Moar, Robert, Owonibi, Tolulope, Purcell, Benjamin, Rixson, Christopher, Spencer, Freya, Stefanidis, Anastasios, Stewart, Sophie, Tytheridge, Scott, Wakley, Sian, Wildman, Shanice, Aziz, Catherine, Care, Helen, Curtis, Emily, Dowse, Claire, Makepeace, Alan, Oultram, Sally-Anne, Smith, Jayde, Shenton, Fiona, Hutchins, Harry, Mart, Robert, Cartwright, Jo-anne, Forsey, Miranda, Goodsell, Kerry, Kittridge, Lauren, Nicholson, Anne, Ramos, Angelo, Ritches, Joanne, Setty, Niranjan, Vertue, Mark, Bergstrom, Malin, Chaudhary, Zain, De Wilton, Angus, Gaskell, Kate, Houlihan, Catherine, Jones, Imogen, Margaritis, Marios, Miralhes, Patricia, Owens, Leah, Rampling, Tommy, Rickman, Hannah, Boffito, Marta, Fernandez, Candida, Cotterell, Bryony, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Tsaknis, George, Turns, Margaret, Walsh, Joanne, Frankland, Lisa, West, Raha, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Wassall, Helen, Young, Megan, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwendolyn, Adlakha, Sanjay, Buckley, Philip, Allsop, Lynne, Smith, Susan, Sowter, Donna, Campbell, Alison, Jones, Julie, Laird, Steve, O’Toole, Sarah, Ryan, Courteney, Evans, Jessica, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Hazelton, Tracey, Dodgson, Andrew, Glasgow, Susannah, Kadiu, Denise, Lopuszansky, Orianne, Oommen, Anu, Prabhu, Joshi, Pursell, Molly, Turner, Jane, Walton, Hollie, Andrews, Robert, Cruickshank, Irena, Thompson, Catherine, Wainwright, Tania, Roebuck, Alun, Lawrence, Tara, Netherton, Kimberley, Hewitt, Claire, Shephardson, Sarah, Crasto, Winston Andrew, Lake, Judith, Musanhu, Rosemary, Walker, Rebecca, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Le Bas, Julie, Mackenzie, Nicola, Thatcher, Hilary, Beadle, Shannen, Buckley, Sarah, Castle, Gail, Fletcher, Aimee, Holbrook, Sara, Kane, Patricia, Lindley, Kate, Lowry, Tracey, Lupton, Stephanie, Oddy, Sharon, Slater, Lynda, Sylvester, Martin, Agwuh, Kenneth, Maxwell, Veronica, Ryder, Stephen, Topham, Kirsty, Egbuniwe, Obi, Matthews, Rebecca, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Prymas, Paulina, Severn, Abigail, Shaw, Amber, Begum, Safia, Lenton, Daniel, Scriven, James, Leeman, Lucy, Rudge, Karen, Storr, Emma, Alvarez, Ana, Forster, Kate, Hind, Daniel, Cook, Natalie, Peeling, Rosanna, Carey, Peter, Wilson, Anne, and Davis, Jane

Subjects
Volatile Organic Compounds, Dogs, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Animals, COVID-19, Humans, Mass Screening, General Medicine, Asymptomatic Infections, Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

Background A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry. Methods Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening. Results About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95–100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97–100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76–87) to 94% (95% CI 89–98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70–82) to 92% (95% CI 88–96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only. Conclusions People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people. Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Published
2022

42. Lyme disease laid bare

Author

Logan, James G.

Subjects
Conquering Lyme Disease: Science Bridges the Great Divide (Nonfiction work) -- Fallon, Brian A. -- Sotsky, Jennifer -- Book reviews, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): James G. Logan Conquering Lyme Disease: Science Bridges the Great Divide Brian A. Fallon & Jennifer Sotsk y Columbia University Press: 2017. It occurs in more than 80 countries [...]

Published
2017
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43. Differential attraction in mosquito-human interactions and implications for disease control

Author

Martinez, Julien, Showering, Alicia, Oke, Catherine, Jones, Robert T, and Logan, James G

Subjects
parasitic diseases
Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major burden on human health worldwide and their eradication through vector control methods remains challenging. In particular, the success of vector control interventions for targeting diseases such as malaria is under threat, in part due to the evolution of insecticide resistance, while for other diseases effective control solutions are still lacking. The rate at which mosquitoes encounter and bite humans is a key determinant of their capacity for disease transmission. Future progress is strongly reliant on improving our understanding of the mechanisms leading to a mosquito bite. Here, we review the biological factors known to influence the attractiveness of mosquitoes to humans, such as body odour, the skin microbiome, genetics and infection by parasites. We identify the knowledge gaps around the relative contribution of each factor, and the potential links between them, as well as the role of natural selection in shaping vector-host-parasite interactions. Finally, we argue that addressing these questions will contribute to improving current tools and the development of novel interventions for the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases'.

Published
2021

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