2,311 results on '"Loft Steffen"'
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2. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and acute lower respiratory infections in the Danish Nurse Cohort
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Zhang, Jiawei, Lim, Youn-Hee, Napolitano, George Maria, Backalarz, Claus, Mortensen, Laust H., Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Tuffier, Stéphane, Bergmann, Marie, So, Rina, Brandt, Jørgen, Ketzel, Matthias, Loft, Steffen, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
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- 2024
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3. Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort
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Keller, Amélie, Groot, Jonathan, Clippet-Jensen, Clara, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pedersen, Marie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, and Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie
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- 2023
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4. Airway and systemic biomarkers of health effects after short-term exposure to indoor ultrafine particles from cooking and candles – A randomized controlled double-blind crossover study among mild asthmatic subjects
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Laursen, Karin Rosenkilde, Christensen, Nichlas Vous, Mulder, Frans AA, Schullehner, Jörg, Hoffmann, Hans Jürgen, Jensen, Annie, Møller, Peter, Loft, Steffen, Olin, Anna-Carin, Rasmussen, Berit B., Rosati, Bernadette, Strandberg, Bo, Glasius, Marianne, Bilde, Merete, and Sigsgaard, Torben
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- 2023
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5. Harnessing AI to unmask Copenhagen's invisible air pollutants: A study on three ultrafine particle metrics
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Amini, Heresh, Bergmann, Marie L., Taghavi Shahri, Seyed Mahmood, Tayebi, Shali, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Kerckhoffs, Jules, Khan, Jibran, Meliefste, Kees, Lim, Youn-Hee, Mortensen, Laust H., Hertel, Ole, Reeh, Rasmus, Gaarde Nielsen, Christian, Loft, Steffen, Vermeulen, Roel, Andersen, Zorana J., and Schwartz, Joel
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- 2024
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6. Lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic achievement: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
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Lim, Youn-Hee, Bilsteen, Josephine Funck, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Lanzky, Linnea Ranja Mignon, Zhang, Jiawei, Tuffier, Stéphane, Brandt, Jørgen, Ketzel, Matthias, Flensborg-Madsen, Trine, Wimmelmann, Cathrine Lawaetz, Okholm, Gunhild Tidemann, Hegelund, Emilie Rune, Napolitano, George Maria, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, and Loft, Steffen
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- 2024
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7. Parental cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the offspring: The Diet, Cancer and Health cohorts
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Petersen, Kristina E., Rosthøj, Susanne, Halkjær, Jytte, Loft, Steffen, Tjønneland, Anne, and Olsen, Anja
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- 2024
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8. Health and economic benefits of meeting WHO air quality guidelines, Western Pacific Region/Avantages sanitaires et economiques du respect des lignes directrices de l'OMS relatives a la qualite de l'air dans la Region du Pacifique occidental/Beneficios sanitarios y economicos de cumplir con las directrices de la OMS sobre la calidad del aire, Region del Pacifico Occidental
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Egerstrom, Nicole, Rojas-Rueda, David, Martuzzi, Marco, Jalaludin, Bin, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, So, Rina, Lim, Youn Hee, Loft, Steffen, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, and Cole-Hunter, Thomas
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Mortality -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- China -- Pacific Rim ,Air quality -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Health aspects -- Analysis -- Economic aspects ,Air quality management -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Economic aspects -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Gross domestic product -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Economic aspects -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Public health -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Economic aspects -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Air pollution -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Analysis -- Economic aspects -- Health aspects ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Conferences, meetings and seminars - Abstract
Objective To quantify the number of avoidable annual deaths and associated economic benefits from meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines for ambient concentrations for fine particulate matter ([PM.sub.2.5]) for Member States of the WHO Western Pacific Region. Methods Using the AirQ+ software, we performed a quantitative health impact assessment comparing country-level [PM.sub.2.5] concentrations with the 2005 and 2021 air quality guidelines recommended maximum concentrations of 10 and 5 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], respectively. We obtained [PM.sub.2.5] data from the WHO Global Health Observatory (latest available year 2016), and population and mortality estimates from the United Nations World Population Prospects database for the latest 5-year period available (2015-2019), which we averaged to 1- year estimates. A risk estimate for all-cause mortality, based on a meta-analysis, was embedded within AirQ+ software. Our economic assessment used World Bank value of a statistical life adjusted to country-specific gross domestic product (latest available year 2014). Findings Data were complete for 21 of 27 Member States. If these countries achieved the 2021 guidelines for [PM.sub.2.5], an estimated 3.1 million deaths would be avoided annually, which are 0.4 million more deaths avoided than meeting the 2005 guidelines. China would avoid the most deaths per 100 000 population (303 deaths) and Brunei Darussalam the least (5 deaths). The annual economic benefit per capita ranged from 5781 United States dollars (US$) in Singapore to US$ 143 in Solomon Islands. Conclusion Implementing effective measures to reduce [PM.sub.2.5] emissions would save a substantial number of lives and money across the Region. Objectif Determiner le nombre de deces annuels evitables et les avantages economiques associes au respect des lignes directrices de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) relatives a la qualite de l'air, notamment vis-a-vis des concentrations de particules fines ([PM.sub.2.5]) dans l'air ambiant, au sein des Etats Membres de la Region du Pacifique occidental de l'OMS. Methodes A l'aide du logiciel AirQ+, nous avons procede a une evaluation quantitative de l'impact sur la sante en comparant les concentrations de particules [PM.sub.2.5] a l'echelle nationale avec les lignes directrices de 2005 et 2021 relatives a la qualite de l'air, qui preconisent des concentrations de 10 et 5 [micro]g/[m.sup.3] respectivement. Nous nous sommes procure des donnees sur les particules [PM.sub.2.5] aupres de l'Observatoire mondial de la sante de l'OMS (la version disponible la plus recente datant de 2016). Les estimations concernant la population et la mortalite proviennent quant a elles de la base de donnees des Nations Unies, Perspectives de la population mondiale, pour la derniere periode de cinq ans disponible (2015-2019), que nous avons ensuite divisee en moyennes annuelles. Le logiciel AirQ+ comprenait une estimation des risques pour la mortalite toutes causes confondues, fondee sur une meta-analyse. Enfin, notre evaluation economique reposait sur les valeurs de la vie statistique de la Banque mondiale, ajustees en fonction du produit interieur brut de chaque pays (2014 etant l'annee disponible la plus recente). Resultats Les donnees se sont revelees completes pour 21 des 27 Etats Membres. Si ces pays appliquaient les lignes directrices de 2021 pour les particules [PM.sub.2.5], pres de 3,1 millions de deces pourraient etre evites chaque annee, selon nos estimations. Ce qui represente 0,4 million de deces evitables supplementaires par rapport aux chiffres escomptes pour les lignes directrices de 2005. C'est la Chine qui pourrait ainsi eviter le plus de deces par 100 000 habitants (303 morts), tandis que le Brunei Darussalam en eviterait le moins (5 morts). Lavantage economique annuel par habitant etait compris entre 5781 dollars americains (USD) a Singapour et 143 USD dans les Iles Salomon. Conclusion Deployer des mesures efficaces visant a reduire les emissions de particules [PM.sub.2.5] permettrait de sauver un nombre considerable de vies et de realiser des economies dans la Region. Objetivo Cuantificar el numero de muertes anuales evitables y los beneficios economicos asociados al cumplimiento de las directrices sobre la calidad del aire de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relativas a las concentraciones ambientales de particulas finas ([PM.sub.2.5]) para los Estados Miembros de la Region del Pacifico Occidental. Metodos Utilizando el software AirQ+, se realizo una evaluacion cuantitativa del impacto en la salud comparando las concentraciones de [PM.sub.2.5] a nivel de pais con las concentraciones maximas recomendadas por las directrices sobre la calidad del aire de 2005 y 2021 de 10 y 5 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], respectivamente. Se obtuvieron datos de [PM.sub.2.5] del Observatorio Mundial de la Salud de la OMS (ultimo ano disponible 2016), y estimaciones de poblacion y mortalidad de la base de datos World Population Prospects de las Naciones Unidas para el ultimo periodo de 5 anos disponible (2015-2019), que se promediaron a estimaciones de 1 ano. El software AirQ+ incorporo una estimacion del riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas a partir de un metanalisis. En la evaluacion economica, se utilizaron los valores estadisticos de vida del Banco Mundial ajustados al producto interior bruto especifico de cada pais (ultimo ano disponible: 2014). Resultados Los datos estaban completos para 21 de los 27 Estados Miembros. Si estos paises cumplieran las directrices de 2021 para las [PM.sub.2.5], se evitarian unos 3,1 millones de muertes al ano, lo que supone 0,4 millones de muertes mas que si se cumplieran las directrices de 2005. China seria el pais que evitaria mas muertes por cada 100 000 habitantes (303 muertes) y Brunei Darussalam el que menos (5 muertes). El beneficio economico anual per capita oscilaria entre los 5781 dolares estadounidenses (US$) de Singapur y los US$ 143 de las Islas Salomon. Conclusion La adopcion de medidas eficaces para reducir las emisiones de [PM.sub.2.5] salvaria un numero significativo de vidas y ahorraria dinero en toda la Region., Introduction Air pollution is a major determinant of health and causes annually an estimated 6.7 million premature deaths worldwide. Only high blood pressure, tobacco use and dietary risks surpass air [...]
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- 2023
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9. Exposure to residential mold and dampness and the associations with respiratory tract infections and symptoms thereof in children in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies
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Groot, Jonathan, Nielsen, Emilie Tange, Nielsen, Trine Fuhr, Andersen, Per Kragh, Pedersen, Marie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, and Keller, Amélie
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- 2023
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10. Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a Danish cohort study
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Raaschou-Nielsen Ole, Andersen Zorana, Jensen Steen, Ketzel Matthias, Sørensen Mette, Hansen Johnni, Loft Steffen, Tjønneland Anne, and Overvad Kim
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Traffic ,Air pollution ,Cardiovascular mortality ,Total mortality ,Cohort ,Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,RC963-969 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Traffic air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular mortality, which might be due to co-exposure to road traffic noise. Further, personal and lifestyle characteristics might modify any association. Methods We followed up 52 061 participants in a Danish cohort for mortality in the nationwide Register of Causes of Death, from enrollment in 1993–1997 through 2009, and traced their residential addresses from 1971 onwards in the Central Population Registry. We used dispersion-modelled concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1971 as indicator of traffic air pollution and used Cox regression models to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRRs) with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Mean levels of NO2 at the residence since 1971 were significantly associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease (MRR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.51, per doubling of NO2 concentration) and all causes (MRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.23, per doubling of NO2 concentration) after adjustment for potential confounders. For participants who ate Conclusions Traffic air pollution is associated with mortality from cardiovascular diseases and all causes, after adjustment for traffic noise. The association was strongest for people with a low fruit and vegetable intake.
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- 2012
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11. Controlled human wood smoke exposure: oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular function
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Forchhammer Lykke, Møller Peter, Riddervold Ingunn, Bønløkke Jakob, Massling Andreas, Sigsgaard Torben, and Loft Steffen
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Wood smoke ,Particulate matter ,Inflammation ,Oxidative stress ,Endothelial dysfunction ,DNA damage ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Exposure to wood smoke is associated with respiratory symptoms, whereas knowledge on systemic effects is limited. We investigated effects on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and microvascular function (MVF) after controlled wood smoke exposure. Methods In a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over study 20 non-smoking atopic subjects were exposed at rest to 14, 220, or 354 μg/m3 of particles from a well-burning modern wood stove for 3 h in a climate controlled chamber with 2 week intervals. We investigated the level of oxidatively damaged DNA, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules before and 0, 6 and 20 h after exposure. Six h after exposure we measured MVF non-invasively by digital peripheral artery tonometry following arm ischemia. Results The MVF score was unaltered after inhalation of clean air (1.58 ± 0.07; mean ± SEM), low (1.51 ± 0.07) or high (1.61 ± 0.09) concentrations of wood smoke particles in atopic subjects, whereas unexposed non-atopic subjects had higher score (1.91 ± 0.09). The level of oxidatively damaged DNA, mRNA of ITGAL, CCL2, TNF, IL6, IL8, HMOX1, and OGG1 and surface marker molecules ICAM1, ITGAL and L-selectin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not affected by inhalation of wood smoke particles. Conclusions Exposure to wood smoke had no effect on markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell adhesion, cytokines or MVF in atopic subjects.
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- 2012
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12. Apparent temperature and acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover study
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Wichmann Janine, Ketzel Matthias, Ellermann Thomas, and Loft Steffen
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Temperature ,Acute myocardial infarction ,Hospital admissions ,Case-crossover design ,Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,RC963-969 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The influence of temperature on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been investigated as extensively as the effects of broader outcomes of morbidity and mortality. Sixteen studies reported inconsistent results and two considered confounding by air pollution. We addressed some of the methodological limitations of the previous studies in this study. Methods This is the first study of the association between the daily 3-hour maximum apparent temperature (Tappmax) and AMI hospital admissions in Copenhagen. The study period covered 1 January 1999-31 December 2006, stratified in warm (April - September) and cold (October - March) periods. A case-crossover epidemiology study design was applied. Models were adjusted for public holidays and influenza, confounding by PM10, NO2 and CO was investigated, the lag and non-linear effects of Tappmax was examined, effect modification by age, sex and SES was explored, and the results of the case-crossover models were compared to those of the generalised additive Poisson time-series and generalised estimating equation models. Results 14 456 AMI hospital admissions (12 995 people) occurred during the study period. For an inter-quartile range (6 or 7°C) increase in the 5-day cumulative average of Tappmax, a 4% (95% CI:-2%; 10%) and 9% (95% CI: 3%; 14%) decrease in the AMI admission rate was observed in the warm and cold periods, respectively. The 19-65 year old group, men and highest SES group seemed to be more susceptible in the cold period. Conclusion An increase in Tappmax is associated with a decrease in AMI admissions during the colder months.
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- 2012
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13. Carbon black nanoparticle instillation induces sustained inflammation and genotoxicity in mouse lung and liver
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Bourdon Julie A, Saber Anne T, Jacobsen Nicklas R, Jensen Keld A, Madsen Anne M, Lamson Jacob S, Wallin Håkan, Møller Peter, Loft Steffen, Yauk Carole L, and Vogel Ulla B
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Oxidative stress ,Genotoxicity ,DNA strand breaks ,Inflammation ,Nanoparticles ,Carbon Black ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Widespread occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) raises concerns over their safety. CBNPs are genotoxic in vitro but less is known about their genotoxicity in various organs in vivo. Methods We investigated inflammatory and acute phase responses, DNA strand breaks (SB) and oxidatively damaged DNA in C57BL/6 mice 1, 3 and 28 days after a single instillation of 0.018, 0.054 or 0.162 mg Printex 90 CBNPs, alongside sham controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed for cellular composition. SB in BAL cells, whole lung and liver were assessed using the alkaline comet assay. Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites were assessed as an indicator of oxidatively damaged DNA. Pulmonary and hepatic acute phase response was evaluated by Saa3 mRNA real-time quantitative PCR. Results Inflammation was strongest 1 and 3 days post-exposure, and remained elevated for the two highest doses (i.e., 0.054 and 0.162 mg) 28 days post-exposure (P < 0.001). SB were detected in lung at all doses on post-exposure day 1 (P < 0.001) and remained elevated at the two highest doses until day 28 (P < 0.05). BAL cell DNA SB were elevated relative to controls at least at the highest dose on all post-exposure days (P < 0.05). The level of FPG sensitive sites in lung was increased throughout with significant increases occurring on post-exposure days 1 and 3, in comparison to controls (P < 0.001-0.05). SB in liver were detected on post-exposure days 1 (P < 0.001) and 28 (P < 0.001). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts in BAL correlated strongly with FPG sensitive sites in lung (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), whereas no such correlation was observed with SB (r = 0.52, P = 0.08). CBNP increased the expression of Saa3 mRNA in lung tissue on day 1 (all doses), 3 (all doses) and 28 (0.054 and 0.162 mg), but not in liver. Conclusions Deposition of CBNPs in lung induces inflammatory and genotoxic effects in mouse lung that persist considerably after the initial exposure. Our results demonstrate that CBNPs may cause genotoxicity both in the primary exposed tissue, lung and BAL cells, and in a secondary tissue, the liver.
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- 2012
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14. Modest effect on plaque progression and vasodilatory function in atherosclerosis-prone mice exposed to nanosized TiO2
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Mikkelsen Lone, Sheykhzade Majid, Jensen Keld A, Saber Anne T, Jacobsen Nicklas R, Vogel Ulla, Wallin Håkan, Loft Steffen, and Møller Peter
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background There is growing evidence that exposure to small size particulate matter increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Methods We investigated plaque progression and vasodilatory function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice exposed to TiO2. ApoE-/- mice were intratracheally instilled (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight) with rutile fine TiO2 (fTiO2, 288 nm), photocatalytic 92/8 anatase/rutile TiO2 (pTiO2, 12 nm), or rutile nano TiO2 (nTiO2, 21.6 nm) at 26 and 2 hours before measurement of vasodilatory function in aorta segments mounted in myographs. The progression of atherosclerotic plaques in aorta was assessed in mice exposed to nanosized TiO2 (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight) once a week for 4 weeks. We measured mRNA levels of Mcp-1, Mip-2, Vcam-1, Icam-1 and Vegf in lung tissue to assess pulmonary inflammation and vascular function. TiO2-induced alterations in nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results The exposure to nTiO2 was associated with a modest increase in plaque progression in aorta, whereas there were unaltered vasodilatory function and expression levels of Mcp-1, Mip-2, Vcam-1, Icam-1 and Vegf in lung tissue. The ApoE-/- mice exposed to fine and photocatalytic TiO2 had unaltered vasodilatory function and lung tissue inflammatory gene expression. The unaltered NO-dependent vasodilatory function was supported by observations in HUVECs where the NO production was only increased by exposure to nTiO2. Conclusion Repeated exposure to nanosized TiO2 particles was associated with modest plaque progression in ApoE-/- mice. There were no associations between the pulmonary TiO2 exposure and inflammation or vasodilatory dysfunction.
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- 2011
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15. Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study
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Loft Steffen, Hansen Johnni, Sørensen Mette, Ketzel Matthias, Jensen Steen S, Hvidberg Martin, Andersen Zorana J, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole, Overvad Kim, and Tjønneland Anne
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Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,RC963-969 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vehicle engine exhaust includes ultrafine particles with a large surface area and containing absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metals and other substances. Ultrafine particles and soluble chemicals can be transported from the airways to other organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer. Methods We followed up 54,304 participants in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort for 20 selected cancers in the Danish Cancer Registry, from enrolment in 1993-1997 until 2006, and traced their residential addresses from 1971 onwards in the Central Population Registry. We used modeled concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and amount of traffic at the residence as indicators of traffic-related air pollution and used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) after adjustment for potential confounders. Results NOx at the residence was significantly associated with risks for cervical cancer (IRR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01;5.93, per 100 μg/m3 NOx) and brain cancer (IRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.25;4.19, per 100 μg/m3 NOx). Conclusions This hypothesis-generating study indicates that traffic-related air pollution might increase the risks for cervical and brain cancer, which should be tested in future studies.
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- 2011
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16. Pulmonary exposure to carbon black nanoparticles and vascular effects
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Wallin Håkan, Sheykhzade Majid, Jacobsen Nicklas R, Folkmann Janne K, Vesterdal Lise K, Loft Steffen, and Møller Peter
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Exposure to small size particulates is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Methods We exposed young and aged apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE-/-) to carbon black (Printex 90, 14 nm) by intratracheal instillation, with different dosing and timing, and measured vasomotor function, progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and 3-nitrotyrosine in blood vessels. The mRNA expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, HO-1, and MCP-1 was examined in lung tissue. Results Young apoE-/- mice exposed to two consecutive 0.5 mg/kg doses of carbon black exhibited lower acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in aorta segments mounted in myographs, whereas single doses of 0.05-2.7 mg/kg produced no such effects. The phenylephrine-dependent vasocontraction response was shifted toward a lower responsiveness in the mice exposed once to a low dose for 24 hours. No effects were seen on the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in the aged apoE-/- mice or on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine in the vascular tissue of either young or aged apoE-/- mice. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA was increased in the lungs of young apoE-/- mice exposed to 0.9-2.7 mg/kg carbon black for 24 hours and of aged apoE-/- mice exposed to two consecutive 0.5 mg/kg doses of carbon black seven and five weeks prior to sacrifice. Conclusion Exposure to nano-sized carbon black particles is associated with modest vasomotor impairment, which is associated neither with nitrosative stress nor with any obvious increases in the expression of cell adhesion proteins on endothelial cells or in plaque progression. Evidence of pulmonary inflammation was observed, but only in animals exposed to higher doses.
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- 2010
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17. Lack of acute phase response in the livers of mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles or carbon black by inhalation
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Williams Andrew, Møller Peter, Boisen Anne, Bornholdt Jette, Folkmann Janne K, Halappanavar Sabina, Saber Anne T, Yauk Carole, Vogel Ulla, Loft Steffen, and Wallin Håkan
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Epidemiologic and animal studies have shown that particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of lung and cardiovascular diseases. Although the exact mechanisms by which particles induce cardiovascular diseases are not known, studies suggest involvement of systemic acute phase responses, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in humans. In this study we test the hypothesis that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) – or carbon black (CB)-induced lung inflammation initiates an acute phase response in the liver. Results Mice were exposed to filtered air, 20 mg/m3 DEP or CB by inhalation for 90 minutes/day for four consecutive days; we have previously shown that these mice exhibit pulmonary inflammation (Saber AT, Bornholdt J, Dybdahl M, Sharma AK, Loft S, Vogel U, Wallin H. Tumor necrosis factor is not required for particle-induced genotoxicity and pulmonary inflammation., Arch. Toxicol. 79 (2005) 177–182). As a positive control for the induction of an acute phase response, mice were exposed to 12.5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to examine the hepatic mRNA expression of acute phase proteins, serum amyloid P (Sap) (the murine homologue of Crp) and Saa1 and Saa3. While significant increases in the hepatic expression of Sap, Saa1 and Saa3 were observed in response to LPS, their levels did not change in response to DEP or CB. In a comprehensive search for markers of an acute phase response, we analyzed liver tissue from these mice using high density DNA microarrays. Globally, 28 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in response to DEP or CB. The mRNA expression of three of the genes (serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A, member 3C, apolipoprotein E and transmembrane emp24 domain containing 3) responded to both exposures. However, these changes were very subtle and were not confirmed by real time RT-PCR. Conclusion Our findings collectively suggest that Sap, Saa1 and Saa3 are not induced in livers of mice exposed to DEP or CB. Despite pulmonary inflammation in these mice, global transcriptional profiling of liver did not reveal any hepatic response following exposure by inhalation.
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- 2009
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18. Modest vasomotor dysfunction induced by low doses of C60 fullerenes in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with different degree of atherosclerosis
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Loft Steffen, Wallin Håkan, Sheykhzade Majid, Jacobsen Nicklas R, Folkmann Janne K, Vesterdal Lise K, and Møller Peter
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Exposure to small size particulate matter in urban air is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular effects, whereas there is little information about the impact on the cardiovascular system by exposure to pure carbonaceous materials in the nano-size range. C60 fullerenes are nano-sized particles that are expected to have a widespread use, including cosmetics and medicines. Methods We investigated the association between intraperitoneal injection of pristine C60 fullerenes and vasomotor dysfunction in the aorta of 11–13 and 40–42 weeks old apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE-/-) with different degree of atherosclerosis. Results The aged apoE-/-mice had lower endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation elicited by acetylcholine in aorta segments mounted in myographs and the phenylephrine-dependent vasoconstriction response was increased. One hour after an intraperitoneal injection of 0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg of C60 fullerenes, the young apoE-/- mice had slightly reduced maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. A similar tendency was observed in the old apoE-/- mice. Hampered endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was also observed as slightly increased EC50 of sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation response in young apoE-/- mice. Conclusion Treatment with C60 fullerenes affected mainly the response to vasorelaxation in young apoE-/- mice, whereas the vasomotor dysfunction in old apoE-/- mice with more advanced atherosclerosis was less affected by acute C60 fullerene treatment. These findings represent an important step in the hazard characterization of C60 fullerenes by showing that intraperitoneal administration is associated with a moderate decrease in the vascular function of mice with atherosclerosis.
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- 2009
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19. Lung inflammation and genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles in ApoE-/- mice
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Ladefoged Ole, Vogel Ulla, Jensen Keld, Møller Peter, Jacobsen Nicklas, Loft Steffen, and Wallin Håkan
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background The toxic and inflammatory potential of 5 different types of nanoparticles were studied in a sensitive model for pulmonary effects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-). We studied the effects instillation or inhalation Printex 90 of carbon black (CB) and compared CB instillation in ApoE-/- and C57 mice. Three and 24 h after pulmonary exposure, inflammation was assessed by mRNA levels of cytokines in lung tissue, cell composition, genotoxicity, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Results Firstly, we found that intratracheal instillation of CB caused far more pulmonary toxicity in ApoE-/- mice than in C57 mice. Secondly, we showed that instillation of CB was more toxic than inhalation of a presumed similar dose with respect to inflammation in the lungs of ApoE-/- mice. Thirdly, we compared effects of instillation in ApoE-/- mice of three carbonaceous particles; CB, fullerenes C60 (C60) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as gold particles and quantum dots (QDs). Characterization of the instillation media revealed that all particles were delivered as agglomerates and aggregates. Significant increases in Il-6, Mip-2 and Mcp-1 mRNA were detected in lung tissue, 3 h and 24 h following instillation of SWCNT, CB and QDs. DNA damage in BAL cells, the fraction of neutrophils in BAL cells and protein in BAL fluid increased statistically significantly. Gold and C60 particles caused much weaker inflammatory responses. Conclusion Our data suggest that ApoE-/- model is sensitive for evaluating particle induced inflammation. Overall QDs had greatest effects followed by CB and SWCNT with C60 and gold being least inflammatory and DNA-damaging. However the gold was used at a much lower mass dose than the other particles. The strong effects of QDs were likely due to Cd release. The surface area of the instilled dose correlated well the inflammatory response for low toxicity particles.
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- 2009
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20. Exposure to ambient concentrations of particulate air pollution does not influence vascular function or inflammatory pathways in young healthy individuals
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Vinzents Peter, Wåhlin Peter, Glasius Marianne, Dragsted Lars O, Barregard Lars, Møller Peter, Bräuner Elvira V, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole, and Loft Steffen
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events although the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of controlled exposure to ambient air fine and ultrafine particles on microvascular function and biomarkers related to inflammation, haemostasis and lipid and protein oxidation. Methods Twenty-nine subjects participated in a randomized, two-factor crossover study with or without biking exercise for 180 minutes and with 24 hour exposure to particle rich (number concentrations, NC: 11600 ± 5600 per cm3, mass concentrations: 13.8 ± 7.4 μg/m3 and 10.5 ± 4.8 μg/m3 for PM10-2.5 and PM2.5, respectively) or particle filtered (NC: 555 ± 1053 per cm3) air collected above a busy street. Microvascular function was assessed non-invasively by measuring digital peripheral artery tone following arm ischemia. Biomarkers included haemoglobin, red blood cells, platelet count, coagulation factors, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α, lag time to copper-induced oxidation of plasma lipids and protein oxidation measured as 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde in plasma. Results No statistically significant differences were observed on microvascular function or the biomarkers after exposure to particle rich or particle filtered air. Conclusion This study indicates that exposure to air pollution particles at outdoor concentrations is not associated with detectable systemic inflammation, lipid or protein oxidation, altered haemostasis or microvascular function in young healthy participants.
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- 2008
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21. DNA damage and cytotoxicity in type II lung epithelial (A549) cell cultures after exposure to diesel exhaust and urban street particles
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Møller Peter, Loft Steffen, and Danielsen Pernille
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Exposure to air pollution particles has been acknowledged to be associated with excess generation of oxidative damage to DNA in experimental model systems and humans. The use of standard reference material (SRM), such as SRM1650 and SRM2975, is advantageous because experiments can be reproduced independently, but exposure to such samples may not mimic the effects observed after exposure to authentic air pollution particles. This study was designed to compare the DNA oxidizing effects of authentic street particles with SRM1650 and SRM2975. The authentic street particles were collected at a traffic intensive road in Copenhagen, Denmark. Results All of the particles generated strand breaks and oxidized purines in A549 lung epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and there were no overt differences in their potency. The exposures also yielded dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity (as lactate dehydrogenase release) and reduced colony forming ability with slightly stronger cytotoxicity of SRM1650 than of the other particles. In contrast, only the authentic street particles were able to generate 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in calf thymus DNA, which might be due to the much higher level of transition metals. Conclusion Authentic street particles and SRMs differ in their ability to oxidize DNA in a cell-free environment, whereas cell culture experiments indicate that the particle preparations elicit a similar alteration of the level of DNA damage and small differences in cytotoxicity. Although it cannot be ruled out that SRMs and authentic street particles might elicit different effects in animal experimental models, this study indicates that on the cellular level, SRM1650 and SRM2975 are suitable surrogate samples for the study of authentic street particles.
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- 2008
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22. Cytokine expression in mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles by inhalation. Role of tumor necrosis factor
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Loft Steffen, Risom Lotte, Dybdahl Marianne, Kjær Sanna L, Bornholdt Jette, Jacobsen Nicklas R, Saber Anne T, Vogel Ulla, and Wallin Håkan
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Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Particulate air pollution has been associated with lung and cardiovascular disease, for which lung inflammation may be a driving mechanism. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been suggested to have a key-role in particle-induced inflammation. We studied the time course of gene expression of inflammatory markers in the lungs of wild type mice and Tnf-/- mice after exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Mice were exposed to either a single or multiple doses of DEP by inhalation. We measured the mRNA level of the cytokines Tnf and interleukin-6 (Il-6) and the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (Mcp-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (Mip-2) and keratinocyte derived chemokine (Kc) in the lung tissue at different time points after exposure. Results Tnf mRNA expression levels increased late after DEP-inhalation, whereas the expression levels of Il-6, Mcp-1 and Kc increased early. The expression of Mip-2 was independent of TNF if the dose was above a certain level. The expression levels of the cytokines Kc, Mcp-1 and Il-6, were increased in the absence of TNF. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that Tnf is not important in early DEP induced inflammation and rather exerts negative influence on Mcp-1 and Kc mRNA levels. This suggests that other signalling pathways are important, a candidate being one involving Mcp-1.
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- 2006
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23. Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study
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So, Rina, Chen, Jie, Stafoggia, Massimo, de Hoogh, Kees, Katsouyanni, Klea, Vienneau, Danielle, Samoli, Evangelia, Rodopoulou, Sophia, Loft, Steffen, Lim, Youn-Hee, Westendorp, Rudi G.J., Amini, Heresh, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Bergmann, Marie, Shahri, Seyed Mahmood Taghavi, Zhang, Jiawei, Maric, Matija, Mortensen, Laust H., Bauwelinck, Mariska, Klompmaker, Jochem O., Atkinson, Richard W., Janssen, Nicole A.H., Oftedal, Bente, Renzi, Matteo, Forastiere, Francesco, Strak, Maciek, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, and Andersen, Zorana J.
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- 2023
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24. Short-term exposure to ultrafine particles and mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bergmann, Marie L., Andersen, Zorana J., Massling, Andreas, Kindler, Paula A., Loft, Steffen, Amini, Heresh, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Guo, Yuming, Maric, Matija, Nordstrøm, Claus, Taghavi, Mahmood, Tuffier, Stéphane, So, Rina, Zhang, Jiawei, and Lim, Youn-Hee
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- 2023
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25. Long‐term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise and incidence of dementia in the Danish Nurse Cohort
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Tuffier, Stéphane, primary, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, So, Rina, additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Cole‐Hunter, Thomas, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Antic, Sonja, additional, Brandt, Jørgen, additional, Ketzel, Matthias, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Lim, Youn‐Hee, additional, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional
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- 2024
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26. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a Danish Nurse Cohort study
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Cole-Hunter, Tom, So, Rina, Amini, Heresh, Backalarz, Claus, Brandt, Jørgen, Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik, Hertel, Ole, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming, Ketzel, Matthias, Laursen, Jens Elgaard, Lim, Youn-Hee, Loft, Steffen, Mehta, Amar, Mortensen, Laust H., Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld, Sisgaard, Torben, Westendorp, Rudi, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
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- 2022
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27. Birth Cohort Studies of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Early Life and Development of Asthma in Children and Adolescents from Denmark.
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Pedersen, Marie, Shuo Liu, Jovanovic Andersen, Zorana, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Brandt, Jørgen, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Frohn, Lise Marie, Ketzel, Matthias, Khan, Jibran, Tingskov Pedersen, Casper-Emil, Thomas Stayner, Leslie, Jiawei Zhang, Brunekreef, Bert, and Loft, Steffen
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- 2024
28. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in the Danish Nurse Cohort.
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Zhang, Jiawei, Lim, Youn-Hee, So, Rina, Mortensen, Laust H., Napolitano, George Maria, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Tuffier, Stéphane, Bergmann, Marie, Maric, Matija, Taghavi Shahri, Seyed Mahmood, Brandt, Jørgen, Ketzel, Matthias, Loft, Steffen, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
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AIR pollution ,RESPIRATORY infections ,CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,INHALERS ,LUNG diseases ,COMORBIDITY ,RESPIRATORY organs - Abstract
Rationale: Air pollution is a major risk factor for chronic cardiorespiratory diseases, affecting the immune and respiratory systems' functionality, but epidemiological evidence in respiratory infections remains sparse. Objectives: We aimed to assess the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with the risk of developing new and recurrent acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), characterized by persistently severe symptoms necessitating hospital contact, and identify the potential susceptible populations by socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity status, overweight, and comorbidity with chronic lung disease. Methods: We followed 23,912 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (age >44 yr) from baseline (1993 or 1999) until 2018 for incident and recurrent ALRIs defined by hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room) data from the National Patient Register. Residential annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO
2 ), and black carbon were modeled using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model/Air Geographic Information System. We used marginal Cox models with time-varying exposures to assess the association of 3-year running mean air pollution level with incident and recurrent ALRIs and examined effect modification by age, socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and comorbidity with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results: During a 21.3-year mean follow-up, 4,746 ALRIs were observed, of which 2,553 were incident. We observed strong positive associations of all three pollutants with incident ALRIs, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.19 (1.08–1.31) per 2.5 μg/m3 for fine particulate matter, 1.17 (1.11–1.24) per 8.0 μg/m3 for NO2 , and 1.09 (1.05–1.12) per 0.3 μg/m3 for black carbon, and slightly stronger associations with recurrent ALRIs. Associations were strongest in patients with COPD and nurses with low physical activity. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution at low levels was associated with risks of new and recurrent ALRIs, with patients with COPD and physically inactive subjects most vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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29. Early-Life Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution from Multiple Sources and Asthma Incidence in Children: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study from Denmark
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Pedersen, Marie, Liu, Shuo, Zhang, Jiawei, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Brandt, Jorgen, Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben, Bonnelykke, Klaus, Frohn, Lise Marie, Andersen, Anne-Marie Nybo, Ketzel, Matthias, Khan, Jibran, Stayner, Leslie, Brunekreef, Bert, and Loft, Steffen
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Asthma in children -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects ,Air pollution -- Health aspects ,Pediatric research ,Prenatal influences -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects ,Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
Background: Ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with childhood asthma, but previous studies have primarily focused on prevalence of asthma and asthma-related outcomes and urban traffic-related exposures. Objective: We examined nationwide associations between pre- and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution components and asthma incidence in children age 0-19 y. Methods: Asthma incidence was identified from hospital admission, emergency room, and outpatient contacts among all live-born singletons born in Denmark between 1998 and 2016. We linked registry data with monthly mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to] 2.5 [micro]m (P[M.sub.2.5]) and PM with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to] 10 [micro]m (P[M.sub.10]), nitrogen dioxide (N[O.sub.2]), nitrogen oxides, elemental carbon, and organic carbon (OC), sulfur dioxide, ozone, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, secondary organic aerosols, and sea salt. Associations were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models using fixed prenatal exposure means and time-varying postnatal exposures. Results: Of the 1,060,154 children included, 6.1% had asthma during the mean follow-up period of 8.8 y. The risk of asthma increased with increasing prenatal exposure to all pollutants except for [O.sub.3] and sea salt. We also observed increased risk after restriction to asthma after age 4 y, after additional adjustment for area-specific socioeconomic status, and for postnatal exposure to most pollutants. The hazard ratio (HR) associated with an interquartile range increase of 2.4 and 8.7 [micro]g/[m.sup.3] in prenatal exposure was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.08] for P[M.sub.2.5] and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) for N[O.sub.2], respectively. This association with P[M.sub.2.5] was stable after adjustment for N[O.sub.2], whereas it attenuated for N[O.sub.2] to 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.03) after adjustment for P[M.sub.2.5]. For a 0.5-[micro]g/[m.sup.3] increase in prenatal OC exposure, for which biomass is an important source, the HR was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.10), irrespective of adjustment for P[M.sub.2.5]. Discussion: These findings suggest that early-life exposure to ambient air pollution from multiple sources contributes to asthma development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11539, Introduction Asthma affects 5%-10% of the children worldwide. (1) Asthma symptoms range from mild to life-threatening and have a multifactorial etiology starting in fetal life. (2) In addition to active [...]
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- 2023
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30. Cohort profile and representativeness of participants in the Diet, Cancer and Health—Next Generations cohort study
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Petersen, Kristina E. N., Halkjær, Jytte, Loft, Steffen, Tjønneland, Anne, and Olsen, Anja
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- 2022
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31. Air pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study
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Hegelund, Emilie Rune, primary, Mehta, Amar J, additional, Andersen, Zorana J, additional, Lim, Youn-Hee, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, de Hoogh, Kees, additional, and Mortensen, Laust Hvas, additional
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- 2024
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32. Harnessing AI to unmask Copenhagen's invisible air pollutants: A study on three ultrafine particle metrics
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IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, IRAS – One Health Chemical, Amini, Heresh, Bergmann, Marie L, Taghavi Shahri, Seyed Mahmood, Tayebi, Shali, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Kerckhoffs, Jules, Khan, Jibran, Meliefste, Kees, Lim, Youn-Hee, Mortensen, Laust H, Hertel, Ole, Reeh, Rasmus, Gaarde Nielsen, Christian, Loft, Steffen, Vermeulen, Roel, Andersen, Zorana J, Schwartz, Joel, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, IRAS – One Health Chemical, Amini, Heresh, Bergmann, Marie L, Taghavi Shahri, Seyed Mahmood, Tayebi, Shali, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, Kerckhoffs, Jules, Khan, Jibran, Meliefste, Kees, Lim, Youn-Hee, Mortensen, Laust H, Hertel, Ole, Reeh, Rasmus, Gaarde Nielsen, Christian, Loft, Steffen, Vermeulen, Roel, Andersen, Zorana J, and Schwartz, Joel
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- 2024
33. Lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic achievement:A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
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Lim, Youn-Hee, Bilsteen, Josephine Funck, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Lanzky, Linnea Ranja Mignon, Zhang, Jiawei, Tuffier, Stéphane, Brandt, Jørgen, Ketzel, Matthias, Flensborg-Madsen, Trine, Wimmelmann, Cathrine Lawaetz, Okholm, Gunhild Tidemann, Hegelund, Emilie Rune, Napolitano, George Maria, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Loft, Steffen, Lim, Youn-Hee, Bilsteen, Josephine Funck, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Lanzky, Linnea Ranja Mignon, Zhang, Jiawei, Tuffier, Stéphane, Brandt, Jørgen, Ketzel, Matthias, Flensborg-Madsen, Trine, Wimmelmann, Cathrine Lawaetz, Okholm, Gunhild Tidemann, Hegelund, Emilie Rune, Napolitano, George Maria, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, and Loft, Steffen
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Recent research suggests a link between air pollution and cognitive development in children, and studies on air pollution and academic achievement are emerging. We conducted a nationwide cohort study in Denmark to explore the associations between lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic performance in 9th grade. The study encompassed 785,312 children born in Denmark between 1989 and 2005, all of whom completed 9th-grade exit examinations. Using linear mixed models with a random intercept for each school, we assessed the relationship between 16 years of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and gaseous pollutants and Grade Point Averages (GPA) in exit examinations, covering subjects such as Danish literature, Danish writing, English, mathematics, and natural sciences. The study revealed that a 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a decrease of 0.99 (95 % Confidence Intervals: -1.05, -0.92) and 0.46 (-0.50, -0.41) in GPA, respectively. Notably, these negative associations were more pronounced in mathematics and natural sciences compared to language-related subjects. Additionally, girls and children with non-Danish mothers were found to be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution exposure. These results underscore the potential long-term consequences of air pollution on academic achievement, emphasizing the significance of interventions that foster healthier environments for children's cognitive development.
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- 2024
34. Residential exposure to mold, dampness, and indoor air pollution and risk of respiratory tract infections:a study among children ages 11 and 12 in the Danish National Birth Cohort
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Groot, Jonathan, Keller, Amélie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Groot, Jonathan, Keller, Amélie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, and Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie
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Background The burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is high in childhood. Several residential exposures may affect relative rates. Objectives To determine risk of RTIs in children ages 11 and 12 by residential exposures. Methods We included children in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) at ages 11 and 12. We estimated incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for counts of RTIs within the last year by exposure to mold/dampness, gas stove usage, summer and winter candle-burning, fireplace usage, cats and dogs indoors, and farmhouse living. We also estimated IRR and 95% CI for RTIs for predicted scores of four extracted factors (‘owned house’, ‘mold and dampness’, ‘candles’, and ‘density’) from exploratory factor analyses (EFA). Results We included 42 720 children with complete data. Mold/dampness was associated with all RTIs (common cold: IRRadj 1.09[1.07, 1.12]; influenza: IRRadj 1.10 [1.05, 1.15]; tonsillitis: IRRadj 1.19 [1.10, 1.28]; conjunctivitis: IRRadj 1.16 [1.02, 1.32]; and doctor-diagnosed pneumonia: IRRadj 1.05 [0.90, 1.21]), as was the EFA factor ‘mold/dampness’ for several outcomes. Gas stove usage was associated with conjunctivitis (IRRadj 1.25 [1.05, 1.49]) and with doctor-diagnosed pneumonia (IRRadj 1.14 [0.93, 1.39]). Candle-burning during summer, but not winter, was associated with several RTIs, for tonsillitis in a dose-dependent fashion (increasing weekly frequencies vs. none: [IRRadj 1.06 [0.98, 1.14], IRRadj 1.16 [1.04, 1.30], IRRadj 1.23 [1.06, 1.43], IRRadj 1.29 [1.00, 1.67], and IRRadj 1.41 [1.12, 1.78]). Conclusion Residential exposures, in particular to mold and dampness and to a lesser degree to indoor combustion sources, are related to the occurrence of RTIs in children., BACKGROUND: The burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is high in childhood. Several residential exposures may affect relative rates.OBJECTIVES: To determine risk of RTIs in children ages 11 and 12 by residential exposures.METHODS: We included children in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) at ages 11 and 12. We estimated incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for counts of RTIs within the last year by exposure to mold/dampness, gas stove usage, summer and winter candle-burning, fireplace usage, cats and dogs indoors, and farmhouse living. We also estimated IRR and 95% CI for RTIs for predicted scores of four extracted factors ('owned house', 'mold and dampness', 'candles', and 'density') from exploratory factor analyses (EFA).RESULTS: We included 42 720 children with complete data. Mold/dampness was associated with all RTIs (common cold: IRRadj 1.09[1.07, 1.12]; influenza: IRRadj 1.10 [1.05, 1.15]; tonsillitis: IRRadj 1.19 [1.10, 1.28]; conjunctivitis: IRRadj 1.16 [1.02, 1.32]; and doctor-diagnosed pneumonia: IRRadj 1.05 [0.90, 1.21]), as was the EFA factor 'mold/dampness' for several outcomes. Gas stove usage was associated with conjunctivitis (IRRadj 1.25 [1.05, 1.49]) and with doctor-diagnosed pneumonia (IRRadj 1.14 [0.93, 1.39]). Candle-burning during summer, but not winter, was associated with several RTIs, for tonsillitis in a dose-dependent fashion (increasing weekly frequencies vs. none: [IRRadj 1.06 [0.98, 1.14], IRRadj 1.16 [1.04, 1.30], IRRadj 1.23 [1.06, 1.43], IRRadj 1.29 [1.00, 1.67], and IRRadj 1.41 [1.12, 1.78]).CONCLUSION: Residential exposures, in particular to mold and dampness and to a lesser degree to indoor combustion sources, are related to the occurrence of RTIs in children.
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- 2024
35. Air pollution and human health:a phenome-wide association study
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Hegelund, Emilie Rune, Mehta, Amar J, Andersen, Zorana J, Lim, Youn-Hee, Loft, Steffen, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, de Hoogh, Kees, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Hegelund, Emilie Rune, Mehta, Amar J, Andersen, Zorana J, Lim, Youn-Hee, Loft, Steffen, Brunekreef, Bert, Hoek, Gerard, de Hoogh, Kees, and Mortensen, Laust Hvas
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OBJECTIVES: To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions.DESIGN: Prospective phenome-wide association study.SETTING: Denmark.PARTICIPANTS: All Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 January 2000 were included (N=3 323 612). After exclusion of individuals with missing geocoded residential addresses, 3 111 988 participants were available for the statistical analyses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: First registered diagnosis of every health condition according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from 2000 to 2017.RESULTS: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) were both positively associated with the onset of more than 700 health conditions (ie, >80% of the registered health conditions) after correction for multiple testing, while the remaining associations were inverse or insignificant. As regards the most common health conditions, PM 2.5 and NO 2 were strongest positively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PM 2.5: HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.07) per 1 IQR increase in exposure level; NO 2: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15)), type 2 diabetes (PM 2.5: 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06); NO 2: 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.13)) and ischaemic heart disease (PM 2.5: 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.05); NO 2: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.12)). Furthermore, PM 2.5 and NO 2 were both positively associated with so far unexplored, but highly prevalent outcomes relevant to public health, including senile cataract, hearing loss and urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that air pollution has a more extensive impact on human health than previously known. However, as this study is the first of its kind to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions, further research is needed to replicate the study findings.
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- 2024
36. Parental cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the offspring:The Diet, Cancer and Health cohorts
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Petersen, Kristina E, Rosthøj, Susanne, Halkjær, Jytte, Loft, Steffen, Tjønneland, Anne, Olsen, Anja, Petersen, Kristina E, Rosthøj, Susanne, Halkjær, Jytte, Loft, Steffen, Tjønneland, Anne, and Olsen, Anja
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Background and aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) aggregates in families and offspring with parental CVD may have adverse risk factor levels long time before the potential onset of CVD. We compared risk factor levels in offspring of parents with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and parents with no ASCVD at different parental ages at onset. Methods The study included 5751 participants (median age: 50 years) of the Diet, Cancer and Health - Next Generations study. Measurements included blood pressure, body composition and lipid fractions. Information on parental ASCVD and age at disease onset was obtained through register linkage. Parental ASCVD was defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or peripheral artery disease occurring <70 years, prematurely (mothers: <65 years fathers: <55 years), divided into age categories or using a broader classification of CVD. Linear regression models using Generalized Estimating Equations were used for analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and some additionally for BMI. Results Offspring with parental ASCVD had a higher blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, visceral adipose tissue, percentage of body fat and non-HDL cholesterol levels, but not other lipid levels, compared to offspring with no parental ASCVD (all p < 0.01). Overall, the same patterns were observed for parental ASCVD occurring prematurely and using a broader CVD classification. Conclusions Offspring with parental ASCVD had a higher blood pressure, higher body composition measures and higher non-HDL cholesterol levels compared to offspring with no parental ASCVD. Findings were overall consistent across different classifications of parental ASCVD., BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) aggregates in families and offspring with parental CVD may have adverse risk factor levels long time before the potential onset of CVD. We compared risk factor levels in offspring of parents with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and parents with no ASCVD at different parental ages at onset.METHODS: The study included 5751 participants (median age: 50 years) of the Diet, Cancer and Health - Next Generations study. Measurements included blood pressure, body composition and lipid fractions. Information on parental ASCVD and age at disease onset was obtained through register linkage. Parental ASCVD was defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or peripheral artery disease occurring <70 years, prematurely (mothers: <65 years fathers: <55 years), divided into age categories or using a broader classification of CVD. Linear regression models using Generalized Estimating Equations were used for analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and some additionally for BMI.RESULTS: Offspring with parental ASCVD had a higher blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, visceral adipose tissue, percentage of body fat and non-HDL cholesterol levels, but not other lipid levels, compared to offspring with no parental ASCVD (all p < 0.01). Overall, the same patterns were observed for parental ASCVD occurring prematurely and using a broader CVD classification.CONCLUSIONS: Offspring with parental ASCVD had a higher blood pressure, higher body composition measures and higher non-HDL cholesterol levels compared to offspring with no parental ASCVD. Findings were overall consistent across different classifications of parental ASCVD.
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- 2024
37. Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence:a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort
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Keller, Amélie, Groot, Jonathan, Clippet-Jensen, Clara, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pedersen, Marie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, Nybo Andersen, Anne Marie, Keller, Amélie, Groot, Jonathan, Clippet-Jensen, Clara, Pinot de Moira, Angela, Pedersen, Marie, Sigsgaard, Torben, Loft, Steffen, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, and Nybo Andersen, Anne Marie
- Abstract
Background Many residential indoor environments may have an impact on children’s respiratory health. Objectives The aims of this study were to identify latent classes of children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who share similar patterns of exposure to indoor home characteristics, and to examine the association between membership in the latent classes and asthma in adolescence. Methods We included data on residential indoor characteristics of offspring from the DNBC whose mothers had responded to the child’s 11-year follow-up and who had data on asthma from the 18-year follow-up. Number of classes and associations were estimated using latent class analysis. To account for sample selection, we applied inverse probability weighting. Results Our final model included five latent classes. The probability of current asthma at 18 years was highest among individuals in class one with higher clustering on household dampness (9, 95%CI 0.06–0.13). Individuals in class four (with higher clustering on pets ownership and living in a farm) had a lower risk of current asthma at age 18 compared to individuals in class one (with higher clustering on household dampness) (OR 0.53 (95%CI 0.32–0.88), p = .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that, in a high-income country such as Denmark, groups of adolescents growing up in homes with mold and moisture during mid-childhood might be at increased risk of current asthma at age 18. Adolescents who grew-up in a farmhouse and who were exposed to pets seem less likely to suffer from asthma by age 18., Background: Many residential indoor environments may have an impact on children’s respiratory health. Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify latent classes of children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who share similar patterns of exposure to indoor home characteristics, and to examine the association between membership in the latent classes and asthma in adolescence. Methods: We included data on residential indoor characteristics of offspring from the DNBC whose mothers had responded to the child’s 11-year follow-up and who had data on asthma from the 18-year follow-up. Number of classes and associations were estimated using latent class analysis. To account for sample selection, we applied inverse probability weighting. Results: Our final model included five latent classes. The probability of current asthma at 18 years was highest among individuals in class one with higher clustering on household dampness (9, 95%CI 0.06–0.13). Individuals in class four (with higher clustering on pets ownership and living in a farm) had a lower risk of current asthma at age 18 compared to individuals in class one (with higher clustering on household dampness) (OR 0.53 (95%CI 0.32–0.88), p =.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, in a high-income country such as Denmark, groups of adolescents growing up in homes with mold and moisture during mid-childhood might be at increased risk of current asthma at age 18. Adolescents who grew-up in a farmhouse and who were exposed to pets seem less likely to suffer from asthma by age 18.
- Published
- 2024
38. Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution and mortality adjusting for road traffic noise: A Danish Nurse Cohort study
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So, Rina, Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming, Lim, Youn-Hee, Mehta, Amar J., Amini, Heresh, Mortensen, Laust H., Westendorp, Rudi, Ketzel, Matthias, Hertel, Ole, Brandt, Jørgen, Christensen, Jesper H., Geels, Camilla, Frohn, Lise M., Sisgaard, Torben, Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Backalarz, Claus, Simonsen, Mette Kildevæld, Loft, Steffen, Cole-Hunter, Tom, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
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- 2020
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39. Effect of combustion-derived particles on genotoxicity and telomere length: A study on human cells and exposed populations
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Ma, Yanying, Bellini, Nicoletta, Scholten, Rebecca Harnung, Andersen, Maria Helena Guerra, Vogel, Ulla, Saber, Anne Thoustrup, Loft, Steffen, Møller, Peter, and Roursgaard, Martin
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- 2020
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40. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and stroke incidence: a Danish Nurse Cohort study
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Cole-Hunter, Tom, Dehlendorff, Christian, Amini, Heresh, Mehta, Amar, Lim, Youn-Hee, Jørgensen, Jeanette T., Li, Shuo, So, Rina, Mortensen, Laust H., Westendorp, Rudi, Hoffmann, Barbara, Bräuner, Elvira V., Ketzel, Matthias, Hertel, Ole, Brandt, Jørgen, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Christensen, Jesper H., Geels, Camilla, Frohn, Lise M., Backalarz, Claus, Simonsen, Mette K., Loft, Steffen, and Andersen, Zorana J.
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- 2021
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41. Comparison of NO2 and BC Predictions Estimated Using Google Street View-Based and Conventional European-Wide LUR Models in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tayebi, Shali, primary, Kerckhoffs, Jules, additional, Khan, Jibran, additional, de Hoogh, Kees, additional, Chen, Jie, additional, Taghavi-Shahri, Seyed Mahmood, additional, Bergmann, Marie L., additional, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, additional, Lim, Youn-Hee, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Hertel, Ole, additional, Reeh, Rasmus, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, Vermeulen, Roel, additional, Jovanovic Andersen, Zorana, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, and Amini, Heresh, additional
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- 2023
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42. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of major cardiovascular diseases: a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study
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Maric, Matija, primary, So, Rina, additional, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Mortensen, Laust H, additional, Hoogh, Kees De, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Tasic, Nebojsa, additional, Dragic, Natasa, additional, Ljungman, Peter, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional
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- 2023
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43. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of Parkinson’s disease: a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study
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Hunter, Thomas Cole, primary, So, Rina, additional, Antic, Sonja, additional, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Hoogh, Kees De, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Napolitano, George M., additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie L., additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Andersen, Zorana J., additional
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- 2023
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44. Long-term exposure to air pollution and dementia incidence among elderly individuals of a Danish nationwide administrative cohort
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So, Rina, primary, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Hoogh, Kees De, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Zaninotto, Paola, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Andersen, Zorana J., additional
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- 2023
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45. Short-term exposure to ultrafine particles and children’s hospital admissions in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bergmann, Marie, primary, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional, Massling, Andreas, additional, Nordstrøm, Claus, additional, Amini, Heresh, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, So, Rina, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, and Lim, Youn Hee, additional
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- 2023
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46. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of acute lower respiratory infections: The Danish Nurse Cohort
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Zhang, Jiawei, primary, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, So, Rina, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Shahri, Seyed Mahmood Taghavi, additional, Brandt, Jørgen, additional, Ketzel, Matthias, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional
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- 2023
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47. Long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of obstructive lung disease in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort
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So, Rina, primary, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Hoogh, Kees De, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Andersen, Zorana J., additional
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- 2023
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48. Associations between air pollution, road traffic noise and incidence of dementia in the Danish Nurse Cohort
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Tuffier, Stéphane, primary, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Hunter, Thomas Cole, additional, Shahri, Seyed Mahmood Taghavi, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, So, Rina, additional, Brandt, Jørgen, additional, Ketzel, Matthias, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Lim, Youn Hee, additional, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional
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- 2023
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49. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of acute lower respiratory infections: evidence from the Danish Nurse Cohort
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ZHANG, Jiawei, primary, Lim, Youn-Hee, additional, So, Rina, additional, Mortensen, Laust H., additional, Napolitano, George Maria, additional, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Shahri, Seyed Mahmood Taghavi, additional, Brandt, Jørgen, additional, Ketzel, Matthias, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, additional
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- 2023
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50. Long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of obstructive lung disease in a Danish nationwide analysis
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So, Rina, primary, Lim, Youn-Hee, additional, Zhang, Jiawei, additional, Mortensen, Laust, additional, De Hoogh, Kees, additional, Loft, Steffen, additional, Napolitano, George, additional, Cole-Hunter, Thomas, additional, Tuffier, Stéphane, additional, Bergmann, Marie, additional, Maric, Matija, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Andersen, Zorana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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