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5. The redshift and afterglow of the extremely energetic gamma-ray burst GRB 080916C

Author

Greiner, J., Clemens, C., Kruehler, T., Kienlin, A. v., Rau, A., Sari, R., Fox, D. B., Kawai, N., Afonso, P., Ajello, M., Berger, E., Cenko, S. B., Cucchiara, A., Filgas, R., Klose, S., Yoldas, A. Kuepue, Lichti, G. G., Loew, S., McBreen, S., Nagayama, T., Rossi, A., Sato, S., Szokoly, G., Yoldas, A., and Zhang, X. -L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The detection of GeV photons from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has important consequences for the interpretation and modelling of these most-energetic cosmological explosions. The full exploitation of the high-energy measurements relies, however, on the accurate knowledge of the distance to the events. Here we report on the discovery of the afterglow and subsequent redshift determination of GRB 080916C, the first GRB detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope with high significance detection of photons at >0.1 GeV. Observations were done with 7-channel imager GROND at the 2.2m MPI/ESO telescope, the SIRIUS instrument at the Nagoya-SAAO 1.4m telescope in South Africa, and the GMOS instrument at Gemini-S. The afterglow photometric redshift of z=4.35+-0.15, based on simultaneous 7-filter observations with the Gamma-Ray Optical and Near-infrared Detector (GROND), places GRB 080916C among the top 5% most distant GRBs, and makes it the most energetic GRB known to date. The detection of GeV photons from such a distant event is rather surprising. The observed gamma-ray variability in the prompt emission together with the redshift suggests a lower limit for the Lorentz factor of the ultra-relativistic ejecta of Gamma > 1090. This value rivals any previous measurements of Gamma in GRBs and strengthens the extreme nature of GRB 080916C., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; subm. to A&A

Published
2009
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17. Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Author

Gupta, S., Short, S.A.P., Sise, M.E., Prosek, J.M., Madhavan, S.M., Soler, M.J., Ostermann, M., Herrmann, S.M., Abudayyeh, A., Anand, S., Glezerman, I., Motwani, S.S., Murakami, N., Wanchoo, R., Ortiz-Melo, D.I., Rashidi, A., Sprangers, B., Aggarwal, V., Malik, A.B., Loew, S., Carlos, C.A., Chang, W.T., Beckerman, P., Mithani, Z., Shah, C.V., Renaghan, A.D., Seigneux, S.D., Campedel, L., Kitchlu, A., Shin, D.S., Rangarajan, S., Deshpande, P., Coppock, G., Eijgelsheim, M., Seethapathy, H., Lee, M.D., Strohbehn, I.A., Owen, D.H., Husain, M., Garcia-Carro, C., Bermejo, S., Lumlertgul, N., Seylanova, N., Flanders, L., Isik, B., Mamlouk, O., Lin, J.S., Garcia, P., Kaghazchi, A., Khanin, Y., Kansal, S.K., Wauters, E., Chandra, S., Schmidt-Ott, K.M., Hsu, R.K., Tio, M.C., Sarvode Mothi, S., Singh, H., Schrag, D., Jhaveri, K.D., Reynolds, K.L., Cortazar, F.B., and Leaf, D.E.

Subjects
urogenital system, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, urologic and male genital diseases, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer. METHODS: We collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI. RESULTS: ICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8-32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3-10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery.

Published
2021

22. Ophthalmoneurology

Author

Papke, K., Masur, H., Oberwittler, C., Verleger, R., Wascher, E., Kömpf, D., Mielke, R., Kessler, J., Fink, G. R., Herholz, K., Heiss, W.-D., Moser, A., Olschinka, J., Seyer, H., Fahlbusch, R., Küchle, M., Awe, B., König, H.-J., Gerding, H., Schuierer, G., Brune, G. G., Trabert, W., Grundmann, M., Drescher, S., Heide, W., Fischer, D., Fetter, M., Tweed, D., Misslisch, H., Koenig, E., Lortz, Katja, Zangemeister, W. H., Moschner, C., Rüttinger, H., Krekel, Ch., Schimrigk, K., Herbst, H., Thier, P., Dichgans, J., Scharein, Sigrid, Hartard, Christiane, Kunze, Klaus, Sievers, C., Knappertz, V., Rothacher, G., Krämer, G., Klingelhöfer, J., Wittich, I., Sander, D., Conrad, B., v. Maravic, M., Kessler, Ch., Böhning, A., Speisberg, B., Carvajal-Lizano, M., Thie, A., Schmitt, T., Erbguth, F., Taghavy, A., Reichmann, H., Gold, R., Beck, A., Maas, J., Seibel, P., Naumann, M., Schubert, M., Zierz, S., Elek, J., Dengler, R., Breul, Petra, Zierz, Stephan, Jerusalem, Felix, Schneider, Ch., Lindner, A., Klopstock, Th., Toyka, K.-V., Hansen, H. C., Lueck, C. J., Kennard, C., Krieg, P., Jost, W., Richter, J., Loew, S., Mielke, U., Ruprecht, K. W., Remberger, K., and Schimrigk, K.

Published
1992
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27. Long-term investigation of a deep-seated creeping landslide in crystalline rock. Part II. Mitigation measures and numerical modelling of deep drainage at Campo Vallemaggia

Author

Eberhardt, E., Bonzanigo, L., and Loew, S.

Subjects
Swiss Alps -- Environmental aspects, Crystals -- Structure, Rock mechanics -- Research -- Environmental aspects -- Usage, Finite element method -- Usage -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Landslides -- Switzerland -- Evaluation, Fluid mechanics -- Research -- Environmental aspects -- Usage, Drainage -- Design and construction -- Environmental aspects -- Usage -- Research, Earth sciences, Design and construction, Evaluation, Usage, Research, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Abstract: For more than 200 years, the villages of Campo Vallemaggia and Cimalmotto have been slowly moving on top of a deep-seated landslide in the southern Swiss Alps. Numerous mitigation [...]

Published
2007

28. Long-term investigation of a deep-seated creeping landslide in crystalline rock. Part I. Geological and hydromechanical factors controlling the Campo Vallemaggia landslide

Author

Bonzanigo, L., Eberhardt, E., and Loew, S.

Subjects
Swiss Alps -- Environmental aspects, Crystals -- Structure, Rock mechanics -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Landslides -- Switzerland -- Evaluation, Fluid mechanics -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences, Evaluation, Research, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Abstract: Slope movements of the deep-seated Campo Vallemaggia landslide in the southern Swiss Alps have been reported for over 200 years. Surface and borehole investigations of the unstable mass reveal [...]

Published
2007

29. Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: open release of the flexor retinaculum and hypothenar fat flap for revision surgery

Author

Ayache, A., Unglaub, F., Langer, M. F., Mueller, L. P., Oppermann, J., Loew, S., Spies, C. K., Ayache, A., Unglaub, F., Langer, M. F., Mueller, L. P., Oppermann, J., Loew, S., and Spies, C. K.

Abstract

Objective Decompression of the median nerve by complete release of the flexor retinaculum and the distal antebrachial fascia. In the case of revision surgery providing of a scar-free covering of the median nerve, if necessary. Indications Carpal tunnel release is indicated for symptomatic patients with painful paraesthesia or neurological deficits after adequate diagnostic evaluation. The hypothenar fat flap is indicated in revision surgery if a sufficient nerve bed of the median nerve is needed and to restore nerve gliding. Contraindications General operative limitations. The hypothenar fat flap is not indicated in revision surgery if median nerve irritation is not caused by surrounding scaring but other reasons like tendonitis. Surgical technique Proximal longitudinal incision of the palm. Subcutaneous dissection and incision of the palmar aponeurosis. Careful ulnar incision of the transverse carpal ligament. Considerate release of the distal and proximal parts of the retinaculum as well as the distal part of the antebrachial fascia. Exploration of the median nerve and palpation of the carpal tunnel and resection of compressive structures, if necessary. In case of revision surgery, if required, the hypothenar fat flap is raised. The fat flap is transposed without tension palmar to the median nerve and fixed to the radial side of the carpal tunnel. Postoperative management Early functional mobilization. Immobilization for a short period is optional. After revision surgery and hypothenar fat flap, splinting for one week is recommended.

Published
2020

30. Revision surgery after failed (partial-) arthrodesis of the wrist

Author

Spies, C. K., Ayache, A., Loew, S., Langer, M. F., Hohendorff, B., Mueller, L. P., Oppermann, J., Unglaub, F., Spies, C. K., Ayache, A., Loew, S., Langer, M. F., Hohendorff, B., Mueller, L. P., Oppermann, J., and Unglaub, F.

Abstract

(Partial) arthrodeses of the wrist have been proven cornerstones to treat many lesions for decades, especially in the case of revision surgery. Four-corner, scapho-trapezo-trapezoidal (STT), radio-scapho-lunate (RSL) and total wrist fusions are very common techniques in hand surgery. However, even these proven surgical procedures have significant non-fusion rates. Prior to revising a failed arthrodesis, it is essential to analyse the latter failure precisely. A technically adequate revision is only feasible when based on a correct and meticulous analysis. The understanding of the biological processes and technical aspects of the implants are the basis for solving this issue.

Published
2020

31. Tracking Fluid Flow in Shallow Crustal Fault Zones : 1. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Author

Brixel, B., Klepikova, M., Jalali, M. R., Lei, Qinghua, Roques, C., Kriestch, H., Loew, S., Brixel, B., Klepikova, M., Jalali, M. R., Lei, Qinghua, Roques, C., Kriestch, H., and Loew, S.

Abstract

New in situ measurements to constrain the range, distribution, and spatial (meter-scale) variations of permeability in shallow crustal fault zones are reported based on systematic downhole tests at 0.5-km depth in crystalline rock. Single and cross-hole hydraulic packer tests were performed at a new dedicated test facility hosted in the Grimsel Test Site, in the Swiss Alps, following the technical instrumentation and isolation of discrete fault zones accessed by an array of boreholes. Single-hole test results are presented in this paper, while cross-hole experiments are reported in the companion paper. Our results reveal a sharp spatial falloff in permeability, from 10(-13) to 10(-21) m(2), with off-fault distances of 1-5 m and characterized by a power-law relation with fracture density. Fractures linking subparallel faults were detected as high-permeability discrete spots several meters away from off-fault damage. Due to the narrow (centimeter-wide) thickness of fault cores, the hydraulic tests presented in this study do not characterize the permeability of fault core materials. The transmissivity of single fractures spans six orders of magnitude (10(-12) to 10(-6) m(2)/s) and is systematically higher in damage zones. In situ stresses appear to have a minor effect on natural, present-day fracture transmissivity at the borehole scale. We suggest that the geometrical and topological properties of fracture systems instead tend to control the permeability of the shallow crustal faults studied.

Published
2020
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36. Environmental isotopes as indicators for ground water recharge to fractured granite

Author

Ofterdinger, U.S., Balderer, W., Loew, S., and Renard, P.

Subjects
Faults (Geology) -- Research, Water, Underground -- Research, Groundwater flow -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

To assess the contribution of accumulated winter precipitation and glacial meltwater to the recharge of deep ground water flow systems in fracture crystalline rocks, measurements of environmental isotope ratios, hydrochemical composition, and in situ parameters of ground water were performed in a deep tunnel. The measurements demonstrate the significance of these ground water recharge components for deep ground water flow systems in fractured granites of a high alpine catchment in the Central Alps, Switzerland. Hydrochemical and in situ parameters, as well as [δ.sup.18]O in ground water samples collected in the tunnel, show only small temporal variations. The precipitation record of [δ.sup.18]O shows seasonal variations of ~14‰ and a decrease of 0.23‰ ± 0.03‰ per 100 m elevation gain. [δ.sup.2]H and [δ.sup.18]O in precipitation are well correlated and plot close to the meteoric water line, as well as [δ.sup.2]H and [δ.sup.18]O in ground water samples, reflecting the meteoric origin of the latter. The depletion of [.sup.18]O in ground water compared to [.sup.18]O content in precipitation during the ground water recharge period indicates significant contributions from accumulated depleted winter precipitation to ground water recharge. The hydrochemical composition of the encountered ground water, Na-Ca-HC[O.sub.3]-S[O.sub.4](-F), reflects an evolution of the ground water along the flowpath through the granite body. Observed tritium concentrations in ground water range from 2.6 to 16.6 TU, with the lowest values associated with a local negative temperature anomaly and anomalous depleted [.sup.18]O in ground water. This demonstrates the effect of local ground water recharge from meltwater of submodern glacial ice. Such localized recharge from glaciated areas occurs along preferential flowpaths within the granite body that are mainly controlled by observed hydraulic active shear fractures and cataclastic faults., Introduction High alpine catchments in heterogeneous fractured crystalline rocks present a great challenge when assessing the large-scale ground water flow systems within these formations. Regional flow systems in mountainous terrain [...]

Published
2004

47. Metacarpophalangeal joint replacement

Author

Spies, C. K., Langer, M. F., Loew, S., Oppermann, J., Hohendorff, B., Mueller, L. P., Unglaub, F., Spies, C. K., Langer, M. F., Loew, S., Oppermann, J., Hohendorff, B., Mueller, L. P., and Unglaub, F.

Abstract

BackgroundArthroplasty of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints is crucial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Motion preserving therapies are mandatory for this joint, since loss of function of the MCP joint is detrimental. Many protheses or spacers have been introduced over the last 80years, but most of them have been dismissed due to major complications.Current ProceduresSince the 1960s the Swanson spacer has been established as the reference standard for motion preserving procedures of the finger MCP joints. High fracture rates of the spacer do not seem to limit function and patient satisfaction after all. Current long-term studies show at least promising results for pyrolytic carbon protheses with respect to range of motion, survival, and revision rates in comparison to the Swanson spacer.

Published
2019

49. Monitoring Surface Deformation in Alpine Regions at the Country-scale With Sentinel-1: First Results obtained With P-SBAS over Switzerland

Author

Manconi, Casu F., Zinno I., De Luca C., Manunta M., Manzo M., Bonano M., Loew S., and Lanari R.

Subjects
InSAR, Alpine regiions, Sentinel-1, P-SBAS
Abstract

In Switzerland, more than 60% of the territory is mountainous, and this characteristic is a main natural resource attracting every year millions of tourists. However, this peculiarity exposes the country also to hazard potential due to the effect of different slope processes (e.g. deep seated gravitational deformations, rock avalanches, rock falls, debris flows, etc.). Moreover, the value of infrastructures and the strategic importance of transportation corridors present in Switzerland expose also neighboring countries to direct and indirect risks in case of catastrophic events. In this scenario, studying surface deformation may help understanding mountain processes, detecting preparatory conditions for potential failure events, and eventually planning countermeasures. Among EO methods, spaceborne radar interferometry has demonstrated great advantages to perform this task. Moreover, the recent advent of the Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S1) constellation has increased our capability to observe surface deformation over wide regions with higher revisit times. Here we present the results obtained by processing 107 images acquired from S1 constellation between April 20, 2015 and March 11, 2018. Differential interferograms were computed and combined taking advantage of the P-SBAS algorithm to obtain ground velocities and displacement time series at the country scale. We discuss the potential of such datasets in alpine countries such as Switzerland, as well the challenges for their thoughtful utilization.

Published
2018

50. P14.108 Bevacizumab versus alkylating chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma

Author

Seystahl, K, primary, Hentschel, B, additional, Loew, S, additional, Gramatzki, D, additional, Felsberg, J, additional, Herrlinger, U, additional, Westphal, M, additional, Schackert, G, additional, Thon, N, additional, Schlegel, U, additional, Tatagiba, M, additional, Pietsch, T, additional, Reifenberger, G, additional, Löffler, M, additional, Wick, W, additional, and Weller, M, additional

Published
2019
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