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Background: Nutrition affects the growth of bones and teeth. Malnutrition can cause teeth to become irregular and undergo enamel hypoplasia (EH). To assess malnutrition, the body mass index (BMI) can be used. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation of BMI with anterior crowding and EH in Sundanese children aged 9–12 years. Method: This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was done in four public elementary schools in Bandung taken by random cluster sampling. The study subjects comprised 208 children, with 90 boys and 118 girls. Data analysis used correlation coefficients with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test. Result: The probability value of the correlation between BMI and anterior crowding was 0.24, which meets the significance level (α 0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between BMI and anterior crowding, but there is no correlation between BMI and EH.

Background: Growth and development process consists of two different processes which are still related to each other. The growth process refers to quantitative changes which have a physical impact, whereas the development process refers to a qualitative and quantitative change which focuses on the fully grown structure, functions, including emotional and skill. Measurement of physical growth is one of the practical ways to assess the health situation of a child. One of the growth indicators that can be used to assess a child’s developmental growth is through skeletal maturation. Hemoglobin E beta-thalassemia is an important cause of childhood chronic disease. The objective of this study was to obtain the image of physical growth and skeletal maturation in HbE thalassemia patients aged 9 to 14 years. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, implemented in HbE β thalassemia patients of 9-14 years of age. Results: From 78 children participated in the study, children with HbE β thalassemia showed a retard growth of vertebrae compared to control group.Conclusion:Retard of physical growth and skeletal maturation is apparent in HbE thalassemia patients.

One of the growth indicators that can be used to assess a child’s developmental growth is through skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturity can be evaluated by using anatomical changes of the cervical vertebral bones observed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the stage of cervical vertebrae maturation of Hb E β thalassemia patients by comparing the shape changes of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae bodies with a control group. The design of this study was cross sectional. The subjects were children with Hb E β thalassemia aged 9 – 14 years. The results showed that the retarded maturation of the cervical vertebrae in Hb E β thalassemia was not found in the subjects of pre-puberty age (9 – 11 years old), but in those of puberty age (12 – 14 years old).