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The coupled structural and electronic parameters of intramolecular hydrogen bonding play an important role in ultrafast chemical reactions, such as proton transfer processes. We perform one- and two-dimensional vibrational–electronic (1D and 2D VE) spectroscopy experiments to understand the couplings between vibrational and electronic coordinates in 10-Hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline, an ultrafast proton transfer system. The experiments reveal that the OH stretch (νOH) is strongly coupled to the electronic excitation, and Fourier analysis of the 1D data shows coherent oscillations from the low frequency backbone vibrational modes coupled to the νOH mode, resulting in an electronically detected vibronic signal. In-plane low-frequency vibrations at 242 and 386 cm−1 change the hydrogen bond distance and modulate the observed electronic signal in the polarization-selective 1D VE experiment through orientation-dependent coupling with the νOH mode. Resolution of the excitation frequency axis with 2D VE experiments reveals that excitation frequency, detection frequency, and experimental delay affect the frequency and strength of the vibronic transitions observed. Our results demonstrate evidence of direct coupling of the high frequency νOH mode with the S1 ← S0 electronic transition in 10-Hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ), and orientation-dependent couplings of the low-frequency 242 and 386 cm−1 modes to the νOH mode and the electronic transition. This demonstration of multidimensional VE spectroscopy on HBQ reveals the potential of using 1D and 2D VE spectroscopy to develop a quantitative understanding of the role of vibronic coupling in hydrogen bonding and ultrafast proton transfer for complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]