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4. SINE RNA of the imprinted miRNA clusters mediates constitutive type III interferon expression and antiviral protection in hemochorial placentas

Author

Wickramage, Ishani, VanWye, Jeffrey, Max, Klaas, Lockhart, John H., Hortu, Ismet, Mong, Ezinne F., Canfield, John, Lamabadu Warnakulasuriya Patabendige, Hiran M., Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Ozlem, Inoue, Kimiko, Ogura, Atsuo, Lockwood, Charles J., Akat, Kemal M., Tuschl, Thomas, Kayisli, Umit A., and Totary-Jain, Hana

Published
2023
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5. The British New Right and the problem of public opinion, c.1965-1987

Author

Lockwood, Charles and Parry, Jonathan

Subjects
Public Opinion, Conservative Party, New Right, Thatcherism
Abstract

This thesis is the history of how a selection of influential individuals, who can loosely be described as belonging to a ‘New Right’, identified and sought to tackle a particular problem in politics: how to mould public opinion such that it would support ideas and policies that ran counter to conventional wisdom. The five chapters of the thesis examine stages in the development and evolution of this project. They delineate how a generation of New Right thinkers sought to rework prevailing assumptions within the Conservative Party regarding the relationship between ideas and the people. Convinced that, under Edward Heath’s leadership, the Conservative Party’s activities had become constrained by a hostile climate of public opinion, they resolved to change the terms of British political debate. The culmination of these efforts, John Hoskyns and Norman Strauss’s ‘Stepping Stones’ project, constituted an ambitious and systematic effort to transform voters’ ‘Mental Sets’. While they had some success initially in converting the party to their perspective, ultimately they were marginalized by changes in political circumstances, which weakened the persuasive force of their arguments. Ideas that had seemed urgent and radical in the 1970s came to seem outdated by the mid-1980s. Concurrently, alternative conceptions of public opinion, deriving from public choice economics and political marketing, grew in influence. In tracing these evolving conceptions of public opinion within the Conservative Party, this thesis will disrupt established notions of a unitary, consistent politics of ‘Thatcherism’.

Published
2020
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7. A portfolio of compositions

Author

Lockwood, Charles Joseph Robert

Subjects
781.3, M Music
Abstract

A portfolio of compositions and accompanying commentary in which I explore the use of melody, harmony, and tonality within a (post-)acousmatic context. Consideration is also given to ideas of narrative, simplicity, and post-digital and glitch processing. The pieces within the portfolio are divided thematically, falling into three broad categories that function as case studies and further examine the ideas given above. The first category is of two pieces based on folk music, and explores the use of leitmotif and programmatic structure within an acousmatic context. The second category of three pieces are also based around repurposed melodic material, though derived from original compositions rather than folk song. Within these pieces, I move away from a strictly programmatic approach, but still use narrative ideas to structure the works. I also present a concept of 'framing' - examining the listener point-of-view presented by the music - and use these pieces as a case study to explore this further. The third category consists of pieces which build on ideas of simplicity in structure, with a greater exploration of drone material. These pieces also deal with incorporating some manner of external material, for example works of visual art or material by other composers.

Published
2019

14. Dysregulated Expression of GATA2 and GATA6 Transcription Factors in Adenomyosis: Implications for Impaired Endometrial Receptivity

Author

Pavlovic Zoran, J., primary, Pai Angel, H., additional, Tzu-ti, Hsiao, additional, Chih-Feng, Yen, additional, Hasan, Alhasan, additional, Asli, Ozmen, additional, New Erika, P., additional, Xiaofang, Guo, additional, Imudia Anthony, N., additional, Ozlem, Guzeloglu-Kayisli, additional, Lockwood Charles, J., additional, and Kayisli Umit, A., additional

Published
2023
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18. Statins inhibit monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression in endometriosis.

Author

Basar, Murat, Seval-Celik, Yasemin, Osteen, Kevin, Duleba, Antoni, Taylor, Hugh, Lockwood, Charles, Arici, Aydin, and Cakmak, Hakan

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL2, Disease Models, Animal, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Female, Gene Expression, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Mice, Mice, Nude, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger, Simvastatin, Transplantation, Heterologous
Abstract

Statins are potent inhibitors of the endogenous mevalonate pathway. Besides inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, statins may also demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is implicated in the attachment and invasion of endometrial cells to the peritoneal surface and growth of ectopic endometrium by inducing proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, the effect of statins on monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) expression in endometriotic implants in nude mouse model and in cultured endometriotic cells was evaluated. In mouse model, simvastatin decreased MCP-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner in endometriotic implants (P < .05). Similarly, both simvastatin and mevastatin revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of MCP-1 production in cultured endometriotic cells (P < .01). This inhibitory effect of the statins on MCP-1 production was reversed by the downstream substrates of the mevalonate pathway. Moreover, statins decreased MCP-1 messenger RNA expression in cultured endometriotic cells (P < .05). In conclusion, statins exert anti-inflammatory effect in endometriotic cells and could provide a potential treatment of endometriosis in the future.

Published
2012

20. IN-VITRO GATA2 OVEREXPRESSION REVERSES DECIDUALIZATION DEFECTS BY IMPROVING ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY MARKERS IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH ADENOMYOSIS

Author

Pavlovic, Zoran J., primary, Pai, Angel H., additional, Alhasan, Hasan, additional, Yen, Chih-Feng, additional, Ozmen, Asli, additional, New, Erika P., additional, Guo, Xiaofang, additional, Imudia, Anthony N., additional, Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Ozlem, additional, Lockwood, Charles J., additional, and Kayisli, Umit A., additional

Published
2023
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24. Coping in the age of acceleration: We have the power to mitigate the adverse impact of rapid advancement in information technology

Author

Lockwood, Charles J

Subjects
Web applications, Global temperature changes, Globalization, Technology, Books, Climate change, Gifts, Women's education, Health
Abstract

If you find yourself on a mountain or at a lake this summer with those rarest of modern gifts--peace, solitude, and the chance for a few days of uninterrupted reading--I [...]

Published
2019

25. Ensuring medications are more affordable without stifling innovation (Part 2): In the second part of this series, potential solutions to fix the rising drug cost problem are examined

Author

Lockwood, Charles J.

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration, United States. Department of Health and Human Services, Drugs -- Innovations, Economic incentives, Hydroxyprogesterone -- Innovations, Pharmaceutical industry -- International economic relations, Prescriptions (Drugs) -- Innovations, Medical schools, Pricing, Health
Abstract

In my prior editorial on this topic, I reviewed the principal reasons why prescription medications in this country are so costly. I pointed out that the 'market' in prescription drugs [...]

Published
2019

26. Ensuring medications are more affordable without stifling innovation: The economic impact of drug costs and how we got here are examined in the first of a two-part series

Author

Lockwood, Charles J.

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration, Drugs -- Prices and rates -- Innovations, Hydroxyprogesterone -- Prices and rates -- Innovations, Pharmaceutical industry -- International economic relations, Prescriptions (Drugs) -- Prices and rates -- Innovations, Retail trade, Industrialized countries, Advertising executives, Medicare, Company pricing policy, Health
Abstract

By now you have likely seen advertisements by the pharmaceutical industry criticizing Trump administration proposals to reduce the high cost of prescription drugs using various strategies that include linking the [...]

Published
2019

30. Gene-Centric Analysis of Preeclampsia Identifies Maternal Association at PLEKHG1

Author

Gray, Kathryn J., Kovacheva, Vesela P., Mirzakhani, Hooman, Bjonnes, Andrew C., Almoguera, Berta, DeWan, Andrew T., Triche, Elizabeth W., Saftlas, Audrey F., Hoh, Josephine, Bodian, Dale L., Klein, Elisabeth, Huddleston, Kathi C., Ingles, Sue Ann, Lockwood, Charles J., Hakonarson, Hakon, McElrath, Thomas F., Murray, Jeffrey C., Wilson, Melissa L., Norwitz, Errol R., Karumanchi, S. Ananth, Bateman, Brian T., Keating, Brendan J., and Saxena, Richa

Published
2018
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33. Leptin-Mediated Induction of IL-6 Expression in Hofbauer Cells Contributes to Preeclampsia Pathogenesis.

Author

Ozmen, Asli, Nwabuobi, Chinedu, Tang, Zhonghua, Guo, Xiaofang, Larsen, Kellie, Guller, Seth, Blas, Jacqueline, Moore, Monica, Kayisli, Umit A., Lockwood, Charles J., and Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Ozlem

Subjects
LEPTIN receptors, PREECLAMPSIA, INTERLEUKIN-6, SECOND trimester of pregnancy, INTRACELLULAR calcium, LEPTIN
Abstract

Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating energy homoeostasis, neuroendocrine function, metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses. The adipose tissue is a main source of leptin, but during pregnancy, leptin is also secreted primarily by the placenta. Circulating leptin levels peak during the second trimester of human pregnancy and fall after labor. Several studies indicated a strong association between elevated placental leptin levels and preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in PE patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that a local increase in placental leptin production induces IL-6 production in Hofbauer cells (HBCs) to contribute to PE-associated inflammation. We first investigated HBCs-specific IL-6 and leptin receptor (LEPR) expression and compared their immunoreactivity in PE vs. gestational age-matched control placentas. Subsequently, we examined the in vitro regulation of IL-6 as well as the phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling proteins STAT3, STAT5, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 by increasing recombinant human leptin concentrations (10 to 1000 ng/mL) in primary cultured HBCs. Lastly, HBC cultures were incubated with leptin ± specific inhibitors of STAT3 or STAT5, or p65 NF-κB or ERK1/2 MAPK signaling cascades to determine relevant cascade(s) involved in leptin-mediated IL-6 regulation. Immunohistochemistry revealed ~three- and ~five-fold increases in IL-6 and LEPR expression, respectively, in HBCs from PE placentas. In vitro analysis indicated that leptin treatment in HBCs stimulate IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner both at the transcriptional and secretory levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, leptin-treated HBC cultures displayed significantly increased phosphorylation levels of STAT5, p65 NF-κB, and ERK1/2 MAPK and pre-incubation of HBCs with a specific ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor blocked leptin-induced IL-6 expression. Our in situ results show that HBCs contribute to the pathogenesis of PE by elevating IL-6 expression, and in vitro results indicate that induction of IL-6 expression in HBCs is primarily leptin-mediated. While HBCs display an anti-inflammatory phenotype in normal placentas, elevated levels of leptin may transform HBCs into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by activating ERK1/2 MAPK to augment IL-6 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Preventing maternal mortality: Leveraging MMRCs in every state is the key to reducing rising rates of maternal mortality in the United States

Author

Lockwood, Charles J.

Subjects
Maternal mortality -- Analysis -- Prevention -- Patient outcomes, Pregnancy -- Health aspects, Mortality, Federalism, Organizations, Professional associations, Editors, Health
Abstract

Over the past year Contemporary OB/GYN has undertaken an intense examination of the common causes of the 700 maternal deaths that occur each year in the United States. I am [...]

Published
2019

39. Optimizing breast health: Mammography is only one tool that ob/gyns should be using for breast cancer prevention and risk stratification

Author

Beard, Abigail and Lockwood, Charles J.

Subjects
Mammography -- Usage, Breast cancer -- Diagnosis -- Prevention, Practice guidelines (Medicine), Health
Abstract

Managing breast problems in the current medical-legal climate can be a particularly harrowing task, especially when considering that nearly 60% of breast cancer-related litigation stems from a delay in diagnosis. [...]

Published
2018

47. George Eliot 1859–78

Author

Harrison, Frederic, Betham-Edwards, Matilda, Tennyson, Hallam, Lehmann, Frederick, Norton, Charles Eliot, James, Henry, Kovalevskaia, Soph’ia V., Smith, George, Wingfield, Lewis, MacKaye, Steele, Davey, Richard, Paterson, Arthur, Byrne, Julia Clara, Walston, Charles, Colvin, Sidney, Hamerton, Philip Gilbert, Hamerton, Eugénie, Russell, Katharine Louisa, Field, Henriette, Rossetti, William Michael, Fields, Annie, Leland, Charles Godfrey, Stoddard, Charles Warren, Fiske, John, Downs, Annie Sawyer, Sully, James, Paul, C. Kegan, Porter, Mary Blackwood, Romanes, Ethel, Dowden, Edward, Austin, Alfred, Jacobs, Joseph, McCarthy, Justin, Stephen, Leslie, Linton, Eliza Lynn, Escott, T. H. S., Clifford, Lucy, Carlyle, Jane Welsh, Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen, Gosse, Edmund, Walford, Lucy B., Smyth, Ethel, Ewing, Alexander, Croly, Jane, Lillie, Lucy C., Grove, George, Adams-Acton, Marion, Bright, John, Playfair, Lyon, Heuffer, Francis, Conway, Moncure Daniel, Drew, Mary Gladstone, Horsley, John Callcott, Tinworth, George, Browning, Oscar, Ward, Mrs Humphry, Brett, Reginald Baliol, Jackson, Henry, Jebb, Richard Claverhouse, Asquith, Herbert Henry, FitzRoy, Almeric, Wordsworth, William, Jowett, Benjamin, Liddell, A. G. C., Harrison, Jane Ellen, Maitland, J. A. Fuller, Myers, Frederick W. H., Compton-Rickett, Arthur, Fenn, Alice Maude, Stuart, Roland, Hall, W. H., Evans, Edmund, Stuart, James, Taylor, Sedley, Trollope, T. A., Allingham, William, Carnegie, Andrew, Field, Kate, Nason, Emma, Lehmann, Nina, Lockwood, Charles D., Cross, J. W., Wheeler, Candace, Stimson, Candace Wheeler, Oliphant, Margaret, Leighton, Frederic, Gillies, Mary, Dickens, Charles, Yates, Edmund, Schérer, Edmond, Buchanan, Robert, Adderley, James, Simcox, Edith, Leighton, Robert, Bayne, Peter, Acton, Lord, Farrar, Frederic W., Bryce, James, Meredith, George, and Collins, K. K., editor

Published
2010
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