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4. Groin wound infection after vascular exposure ( GIVE ) multicentre cohort study

Author

Gwilym, BL, Saratzis, A, Benson, RA, Forsythe, R, Dovell, G, Dattani, N, Lane, T, Shalhoub, J, Bosanquet, D, Hitchman, L, Onida, S, Ambler, GK, Nandhra, S, Stather, P, Singh, A, Mancuso, E, Arifi, M, Altabal, M, Elhadi, A, Althini, A, Ahmed, H, Davies, H, Rangaraju, M, Juszczak, M, Nicholls, J, Platt, N, Olivier, J, Kirkham, E, Cooper, D, Roy, I, Harrison, G, Ackah, J, Mittapalli, D, Barry, I, Richards, T, Elbasty, A, Moore, H, Bajwa, A, Duncan, A, Batchelder, A, Vanias, T, Brown, M, Yap, T, Green, L, Smith, G, Hurst, K, Rodriguez, DU, Schofield, E, Danbury, H, Wallace, T, Forsyth, J, Stimpson, A, Hopkins, L, Mohiuddin, K, Mohammadi‐Zaniani, G, Tigkiropoulos, K, Shalan, A, Bashar, K, Sam, R, Forrest, C, Debono, S, Hussey, K, Falconer, R, Korambayil, S, Brennan, C, Wilson, T, Jones, A, Hardy, T, Burton, H, Cowan, A, Contractor, U, Townsend, E, Grant, O, Cronin, M, Rocker, M, Lowry, D, Clothier, A, Locker, D, McBride, O, Eng, C, Jamieson, R, Altaf, N, Picazo, F, Sieunarine, K, Crichton, A, Akhtar, T, Suttenwood, H, Guest, F, Wardle, B, Chinai, N, Hinchliffe, R, Beckitt, T, Wafi, A, Thapar, A, Moxey, P, Preece, R, Naidoo, K, Patterson, B, Perrott, C, Aherne, T, Hassanin, A, Boyle, E, Egan, B, Tierney, S, Patel, S, Birmpili, P, Kandola, S, Neequaye, S, Elhadi, M, Msherghi, A, Khaled, A, Meecham, L, Fisher, O, Mahmood, A, Milgrom, D, Burke, K, Saleh, F, and Al‐Samarneh, T

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) of groin wounds are a common and potentially preventable cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in vascular surgery. Our aim was to define the contemporaneous rate of groin SSIs, determine clinical sequelae, and identify risk factors for SSI.\ud \ud An international multicentre prospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing groin incision for femoral vessel access in vascular surgery was undertaken over 3 months, follow‐up was 90 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of groin wound SSI.\ud \ud 1337 groin incisions (1039 patients) from 37 centres were included. 115 groin incisions (8.6%) developed SSI, of which 62 (4.6%) were superficial. Patients who developed an SSI had a significantly longer length of hospital stay (6 versus 5 days, P = .005), a significantly higher rate of post‐operative acute kidney injury (19.6% versus 11.7%, P = .018), with no significant difference in 90‐day mortality. Female sex, Body mass index≥30 kg/m2, ischaemic heart disease, aqueous betadine skin preparation, bypass/patch use (vein, xenograft, or prosthetic), and increased operative time were independent predictors of SSI.\ud \ud Groin infections, which are clinically apparent to the treating vascular unit, are frequent and their development carries significant clinical sequelae. Risk factors include modifiable and non‐modifiable variables.

Published
2021

5. Half-life of surgical truth in general surgery

Author

James, OP, primary, Smith, L, additional, Locker, D, additional, Hopkins, L, additional, Robinson, DBT, additional, Abdelrahman, T, additional, Barry, J, additional, Codd, R, additional, Egan, R, additional, Harries, R, additional, Jayamanne, H, additional, Jones, HG, additional, Pollitt, J, additional, Powell, AGMT, additional, Stephens, M, additional, Thippeswamy, KM, additional, Williams, G, additional, Williams, IM, additional, Williamson, J, additional, and Lewis, WG, additional

Published
2021
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6. Outcomes of obstructed abdominal wall hernia: results from the UK national small bowel obstruction audit

Author

Lee, MJ, Drake, TM, Sayers, AE, Walsh, CJ, Davies, MM, Fearnhead, NS, Abercrombie, J, Acheson, A, Alderson, D, Anderson, I, Bach, S, Davies, M, Hamady, Z, Hind, D, Hollyman, M, Hare, S, Lee, E, Northover, J, Lewis, C, Marriott, P, Maynard, N, Murray, D, Tierney, G, Verjee, A, Wild, J, Abbott, S, Abdulaal, Y, Afshar, S, Ah‐Chuen, J, Ahmed, T, Akhtar, M, Akram, F, Aldred, E, Ali, A, Aly, M, Amajuoyi, A, Amin, V, Anderson, D, Anderson, O, Andreou, A, Ansari, A, Appleton, S, Ardley, R, Arshad, F, Ashour, O, Asour, A, Athem, A, Athersmith, M, Ayoub, F, Azeem, H, Azhar, B, Badenoch, T, Baillie, C, Bandyopadhyay, D, Barker, J, Barker, S, Barkham, B, Baron, R, Barrie, J, Barry‐Yarrow, E, Bashir, G, Battersby, N, Bazoua, G, Behar, N, Bellam, S, Berger, C, Bhandari, S, Bhasin, S, Biggs, S, Bisset, C, Blake, L, Blencowe, N, Boam, T, Boddy, A, Boereboom, C, Bogdan, M, Bogle, R, Bohra, P, Boland, M, Bolkan, H, Borg, C, Boulton, R, Bouras, G, Boyer, M, Boyle, J, Branagan, G, Brewer, H, Briggs, C, Broadhurst, J, Brown, E, Brown, J, Brown, L, Brown, O, Burns, K, Butcher, K, Butler, M, Byrne, B, Campbell, L, Capper, C, Cartmell, M, Cash, T, Chan, S, Chandratreya, N, Chapman, J, Chapman, S, Charalabopoulos, A, Cheek, C, Chok, S, Choong, W, Chow, M, Chowdhury, J, Coe, P, Conaghan, P, Conn, G, Cook, N, Cook, T, Cooper, S, Cornish, J, Cotton, D, Cox, C, Coyne, P, Crook, R, Crozier, J, Cuffolo, G, Cunha, P, Curtis, N, Cutting, J, Da Costa, K, Silva, L, Das, B, Davenport, M, Davies, J, Davies, T, Day, A, Dayal, S, Dean, S, Demetriou, G, Dengu, F, Dennis, R, Dent, H, Dent, P, Deputy, M, Devoto, L, Di Benedetto, G, Dindyal, S, Donnelly, E, Doody, P, Douka, E, Downham, C, Dowson, H, Edent, H, Edgerton, K, Ekpete, N, El Farran, M, Elamin, O, Eljaafari, M, Elsaid, N, El‐Sharif, M, Evans, J, Evans, M, Ewe, R, Ewing, A, Exarchou, K, Fallaize, R, Faoury, M, Farag, S, Farinella, E, Faulkner, G, Ferguson, H, Fisher, O, Fletcher, J, Forouzanfar, A, Foster, A, Fox, R, Francis, N, Fretwell, V, Fung, D, Gammeri, E, Garnham, J, Geraghty, A, Gilbert, A, Gill, C, Gill, M, Gillespie, M, Giordano, P, Glasbey, J, Goh, M, Golder, A, Green, N, Gregoir, T, Grey, T, Groundwater, E, Grove, T, Growcott, S, Gunasekaran, S, Habib, H, Haddow, J, Halahakoon, V, Halkias, C, Hall, C, Hampson, A, Hancock, L, Hanna, T, Hannay, J, Harikrishnan, A, Harries, R, Harris, G, Hartley, J, Harvey, K, Hawkin, P, Hawkins, J, Healy, R, Heard, R, Heartshorne, R, Heller, S, Hendra, L, Herrod, P, Heywood, N, Hicks, G, Hobson, B, Holtham, S, Hope, C, Hopley, P, Hossain, T, Hossaini, S, Howse, F, Hubbard, T, Humphreys, A, Ikram, H, Ioannis, M, Iqbal, M, Iqbal, N, Jain, R, Jatania, J, Jenkinson, P, Jokhan, S, Jones, A, Jones, C, Jones, L, Joshi, H, Joshi, K, Joy, M, Jull, P, Kakaniaris, G, Kallam, R, Kane, E, Kang, P, Kanitkar, R, Kauser, S, Kazmi, F, Kedrzycki, M, Kelly, S, Kendall, J, Khan, M, Khan, T, King, G, Kisiel, A, Kitsis, C, Kolawole, I, Korambayil, S, Kosasih, S, Kosti, A, Kotb, A, Kouris, S, Kshatriya, K, Kumar, S, Lafaurie, G, Lal, R, Lau, A, Lazim, T, Lazzaro, A, Lee, K, Lefroy, R, Leinhardt, D, Lennon, H, Leong, K, Levy, B, Lim, E, Lim, J, Lindley, S, Liu, D, Lloyd, P, Locker, D, Lockwood, S, Lowe, C, Lund, J, Lunevicius, R, Lunt, A, Lutfi, S, Luther, A, Luwemba, S, Mahankali‐Rao, P, Mahroof, S, Mai, D, Majid, S, Malik, A, Malik, K, Mann, K, Mansour, S, Manu, N, Mapara, R, Martin, C, Martin, J, Martin, R, Mason, C, Massey, L, Mathias, J, Mathur, P, Maude, K, McArthur, D, McCain, S, McCluney, S, McFall, M, McIlroy, B, McKay, S, McKinley, N, McNair, A, McWhirter, D, Mekhail, P, Mellor, K, Merchant, J, Merker, L, Messenger, D, Miles, A, Mir, S, Mishra, A, Mistry, P, Miu, V, Moat, M, Mockford, K, Mohamed, E, Mohamed, I, Mondragon‐Pritchard, M, Moore, N, Moretti, L, Morris, H, Morrison, T, Morrison‐Jones, V, Moss, J, Moug, S, Mountford, D, Moynihan, R, Muhammad, K, Muldoon‐Smith, D, Mulholland, J, Mullan, M, Murgitroyd, E, Murugaiyan, K, Myers, A, Mykoniatis, I, Nana, G, Nash, T, Nassar, A, Newton, R, Ng, C, Ng, P, Nguyen, K, Nicholas, F, Noor, M, Nowers, J, Nugent, C, Nunn, A, Nunn, R, Obeid, N, O'Callaghan, J, O'Hara, R, Oke, O, Olivier, J, O'Neill, A, O'Neill, S, Osei‐Bordom, D, Osgood, L, Panagiotopoulos, S, Panchasara, B, Parks, R, Patel, H, Patel, P, Patel, R, Patel, S, Pawelec, K, Payne, C, Pearson, K, Perin, G, Peristerakis, I, Petronio, B, Phelan, L, Phillips, J, Pisaneschi, C, Pitt, J, Plunkett‐Reed, K, Ponchietti, L, Pouzi, A, Pouzi, M, Powell, A, Powell‐Chandler, A, Pranesh, N, Proctor, V, Pywell, S, Qureshi, A, Qureshi, N, Rahman, M, Rai, Z, Ramcharan, S, Rangarajan, K, Rashid, M, Reader, H, Rehman, A, Rehman, S, Rengifo, C, Richards, E, Richardson, N, Robinson, A, Robinson, D, Rossi, B, Rutherford, F, Sadien, I, Saghir, T, Sahnan, K, Salahia, G, Sarveswaran, J, Saunders, M, Scott, B, Scott, K, Seager, A, Seal, S, Sezen, E, Shaban, F, Shah, P, Shahmohammadi, M, Shamsiddinova, A, Shankar, S, Sharpe, A, Shatkar, V, Sheel, A, Shields, T, Shinkwin, M, Shurmer, J, Siddika, A, Siddiqui, S, Simson, R, Sinclair, P, Singh, B, Singh, S, Sivaraj, J, Skaife, P, Skelly, B, Skinner, A, Slim, N, Smart, C, Smart, N, Smith, F, Smith, I, Smith, R, Spence, G, Sreedhar, A, Steinke, J, Stevenson, L, Stewart‐Parker, E, Stott, M, Stubbs, B, Stylianides, N, Subramonia, S, Swinkin, M, Swinscoe, M, Symons, N, Tahir, W, Taj, T, Takacs, K, Tam, J, Tan, K, Tani, S, Tanner, N, Tao, D, Taylor, M, Thava, B, Thippeswamy, K, Thomas, C, Thompson, E, Thompson, R, Thompson‐Reil, C, Thorn, C, Tongo, F, Toth, G, Turnbull, A, Turnbull, J, Valero, C, Boxel, G, Varcada, M, Venn, M, Ventham, N, Venza, M, Vimalachandran, D, Virlos, I, Wade, T, Wafi, A, Waite, K, Walker, M, Walker, N, Walker, T, Walsh, U, Wardle, S, Warner, R, Watfah, J, Watson, N, Watt, J, Watts, J, Wayman, J, Weegenaar, C, West, H, West, M, Whitehurst, L, Whyler, M, Wiggans, M, Wijeyekoon, S, Williams, G, Williams, R, Williamson, A, Williamson, J, Wilson, J, Winter, A, Wolpert, L, Wong, J, Yeap, E, Yeong, T, Zaman, S, Zappa, B, and Zosimas, D

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Steering Group and National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Collaborators, Incisional hernia, lcsh:Surgery, 030230 surgery, Abdominal wall, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, NASBO Collaborators, medicine, Humans, Hernia, Hospital Mortality, General, Emergency Treatment, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Groin, business.industry, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, West Midlands Research Collaborative, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Original Articles, lcsh:RD1-811, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Quality Improvement, United Kingdom, Surgery, Hernia, Abdominal, Bowel obstruction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Logistic Models, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, Female, business, NASBO Steering Group, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract

Background Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical condition. Patients may present in an emergency with bowel obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious surgical condition associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe current management and outcomes of patients with obstructed hernia in the UK as identified in the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO). Methods NASBO collated data on adults treated for SBO at 131 UK hospitals between January and March 2017. Those with obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia were included in this study. Demographics, co‐morbidity, imaging, operative treatment, and in‐hospital outcomes were recorded. Modelling for factors associated with mortality and complications was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable regression modelling. Results NASBO included 2341 patients, of whom 415 (17·7 per cent) had SBO due to hernia. Surgery was performed in 312 (75·2 per cent) of the 415 patients; small bowel resection was required in 198 (63·5 per cent) of these operations. Non‐operative management was reported in 35 (54 per cent) of 65 patients with a parastomal hernia and in 34 (32·1 per cent) of 106 patients with an incisional hernia. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 9·4 per cent (39 of 415), and was highest in patients with a groin hernia (11·1 per cent, 17 of 153). Complications were common, including lower respiratory tract infection in 16·3 per cent of patients with a groin hernia. Increased age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·10; P = 0·009) and complications (odds ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·001). Conclusion NASBO has highlighted poor outcomes for patients with SBO due to hernia, highlighting the need for quality improvement initiatives in this group., This study shows that small bowel obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia is common, typically involves a co‐morbid group of patients and has poor outcomes, including high mortality rates. High mortality from this problem

Published
2020

19. National prospective cohort study of the burden of acute small bowel obstruction

Author

Lee, M. J., Sayers, A. E., Drake, T. M., Marriott, P. J., Anderson, I. D., Bach, S. P., Bradburn, M., Hind, D., Verjee, A., Fearnhead, N. S., Abercrombie, John, Acheson, Austin, Alderson, Derek, Anderson, Iain, Davies, Michael, Hamady, Zaed, Hollyman, Marianne, Hare, Sarah, Lee, Ellen, Northover, John, Lewis, Christopher, McFall, Malcolm, Murugananthan, Aravinth, Murray, David, Singh, Pritam, Tierney, Gillian, Walsh, Ciaran, Wild, Jonathan, Wilson, Timothy, Abbott, S, Abdulaal, Y, Afshar, S, Ah‐Chuen, J, Ahmed, T, Akhtar, M, Akram, F, Aldred, E, Ali, A, Aly, M, Amajuoyi, A, Amin, V, Anderson, D, Anderson, O, Andreou, A, Ansari, A, Appleton, S, Ardley, R, Arshad, F, Ashour, O, Asour, A, Athem, A, Athersmith, M, Ayoub, F, Azeem, H, Azhar, B, Badenoch, T, Baillie, C, Bandyopadhyay, D, Barker, J, Barker, S, Barkham, B, Baron, R, Barrie, J, Barry‐Yarrow, E, Bashir, G, Battersby, N, Bazoua, G, Behar, N, Bellam, S, Berger, C, Bhandari, S, Bhasin, S, Biggs, S, Bisset, C, Blake, L, Blencowe, N, Boam, T, Boddy, A, Boereboom, C, Bogdan, M, Bogle, R, Bohra, P, Boland, M, Bolkan, H, Borg, C, Boulton, R, Bouras, G, Boyer, M, Boyle, J, Branagan, G, Brewer, H, Briggs, C, Broadhurst, J, Brown, E, Brown, J, Brown, L, Brown, O, Burns, K, Butcher, K, Butler, M, Byrne, B, Campbell, L, Capper, C, Cartmell, M, Cash, T, Chan, S, Chandratreya, N, Chapman, J, Chapman, S, Charalabopoulos, A, Cheek, C, Chok, S, Choong, W, Chow, M, Chowdhury, J, Coe, P, Conaghan, P, Conn, G, Cook, N, Cook, T, Cooper, S, Cornish, J, Cotton, D, Cox, C, Coyne, P, Crook, R, Crozier, J, Cuffolo, G, Cunha, P, Curtis, N, Cutting, J, Da Costa, K, Silva, L, Das, B, Davenport, M, Davies, J, Davies, T, Day, A, Dayal, S, Dean, S, Demetriou, G, Dengu, F, Dennis, R, Dent, H, Dent, P, Deputy, M, Devoto, L, Di Benedetto, G, Dindyal, S, Donnelly, E, Doody, P, Douka, E, Downham, C, Dowson, H, Edent, H, Edgerton, K, Ekpete, N, El Farran, M, Elamin, O, Eljaafari, M, Elsaid, N, El‐Sharif, M, Evans, J, Evans, M, Ewe, R, Ewing, A, Exarchou, K, Fallaize, R, Faoury, M, Farag, S, Farinella, E, Faulkner, G, Ferguson, H, Fisher, O, Fletcher, J, Forouzanfar, A, Foster, A, Fox, R, Francis, N, Fretwell, V, Fung, D, Gammeri, E, Garnham, J, Geraghty, A, Gilbert, A, Gill, C, Gill, M, Gillespie, M, Giordano, P, Glasbey, J, Goh, M, Golder, A, Green, N, Gregoir, T, Grey, T, Groundwater, E, Grove, T, Growcott, S, Gunasekaran, S, Habib, H, Haddow, J, Halahakoon, V, Halkias, C, Hall, C, Hampson, A, Hancock, L, Hanna, T, Hannay, J, Harikrishnan, A, Harries, R, Harris, G, Hartley, J, Harvey, K, Hawkin, P, Hawkins, J, Healy, R, Heard, R, Heartshorne, R, Heller, S, Hendra, L, Herrod, P, Heywood, N, Hicks, G, Hobson, B, Holtham, S, Hope, C, Hopley, P, Hossain, T, Hossaini, S, Howse, F, Hubbard, T, Humphreys, A, Ikram, H, Ioannis, M, Iqbal, M, Iqbal, N, Jain, R, Jatania, J, Jenkinson, P, Jokhan, S, Jones, A, Jones, C, Jones, L, Joshi, H, Joshi, K, Joy, M, Jull, P, Kakaniaris, G, Kallam, R, Kane, E, Kang, P, Kanitkar, R, Kauser, S, Kazmi, F, Kedrzycki, M, Kelly, S, Kendall, J, Khan, M, Khan, T, King, G, Kisiel, A, Kitsis, C, Kolawole, I, Korambayil, S, Kosasih, S, Kosti, A, Kotb, A, Kouris, S, Kshatriya, K, Kumar, S, Lafaurie, G, Lal, R, Lau, A, Lazim, T, Lazzaro, A, Lee, K, Lefroy, R, Leinhardt, D, Lennon, H, Leong, K, Levy, B, Lim, E, Lim, J, Lindley, S, Liu, D, Lloyd, P, Locker, D, Lockwood, S, Lowe, C, Lund, J, Lunevicius, R, Lunt, A, Lutfi, S, Luther, A, Luwemba, S, Mahankali‐Rao, P, Mahroof, S, Mai, D, Majid, S, Malik, A, Malik, K, Mann, K, Mansour, S, Manu, N, Mapara, R, Martin, C, Martin, J, Martin, R, Mason, C, Massey, L, Mathias, J, Mathur, P, Maude, K, McArthur, D, McCain, S, McCluney, S, McIlroy, B, McKay, S, McKinley, N, McNair, A, McWhirter, D, Mekhail, P, Mellor, K, Merchant, J, Merker, L, Messenger, D, Miles, A, Mir, S, Mishra, A, Mistry, P, Miu, V, Moat, M, Mockford, K, Mohamed, E, Mohamed, I, Mondragon‐Pritchard, M, Moore, N, Moretti, L, Morris, H, Morrison, T, Morrison‐Jones, V, Moss, J, Moug, S, Mountford, D, Moynihan, R, Muhammad, K, Muldoon‐Smith, D, Mulholland, J, Mullan, M, Murgitroyd, E, Murugaiyan, K, Myers, A, Mykoniatis, I, Nana, G, Nash, T, Nassar, A, Newton, R, Ng, C, Ng, P, Nguyen, K, Nicholas, F, Noor, M, Nowers, J, Nugent, C, Nunn, A, Nunn, R, Obeid, N, O'Callaghan, J, O'Hara, R, Oke, O, Olivier, J, O'Neill, A, O'Neill, S, Osei‐Bordom, D, Osgood, L, Panagiotopoulos, S, Panchasara, B, Parks, R, Patel, H, Patel, P, Patel, R, Patel, S, Pawelec, K, Payne, C, Pearson, K, Perin, G, Peristerakis, I, Petronio, B, Phelan, L, Phillips, J, Pisaneschi, C, Pitt, J, Plunkett‐Reed, K, Ponchietti, L, Pouzi, A, Pouzi, M, Powell, A, Powell‐Chandler, A, Pranesh, N, Proctor, V, Pywell, S, Qureshi, A, Qureshi, N, Rahman, M, Rai, Z, Ramcharan, S, Rangarajan, K, Rashid, M, Reader, H, Rehman, A, Rehman, S, Rengifo, C, Richards, E, Richardson, N, Robinson, A, Robinson, D, Rossi, B, Rutherford, F, Sadien, I, Saghir, T, Sahnan, K, Salahia, G, Sarveswaran, J, Saunders, M, Scott, B, Scott, K, Seager, A, Seal, S, Sezen, E, Shaban, F, Shah, P, Shahmohammadi, M, Shamsiddinova, A, Shankar, S, Sharpe, A, Shatkar, V, Sheel, A, Shields, T, Shinkwin, M, Shurmer, J, Siddika, A, Siddiqui, S, Simson, R, Sinclair, P, Singh, B, Singh, S, Sivaraj, J, Skaife, P, Skelly, B, Skinner, A, Slim, N, Smart, C, Smart, N, Smith, F, Smith, I, Smith, R, Spence, G, Sreedhar, A, Steinke, J, Stevenson, L, Stewart‐Parker, E, Stott, M, Stubbs, B, Stylianides, N, Subramonia, S, Swinkin, M, Swinscoe, M, Symons, N, Tahir, W, Taj, T, Takacs, K, Tam, J, Tan, K, Tani, S, Tanner, N, Tao, D, Taylor, M, Thava, B, Thippeswamy, K, Thomas, C, Thompson, E, Thompson, R, Thompson‐Reil, C, Thorn, C, Tongo, F, Toth, G, Turnbull, A, Turnbull, J, Valero, C, Boxel, G, Varcada, M, Venn, M, Ventham, N, Venza, M, Vimalachandran, D, Virlos, I, Wade, T, Wafi, A, Waite, K, Walker, M, Walker, N, Walker, T, Walsh, U, Wardle, S, Warner, R, Watfah, J, Watson, N, Watt, J, Watts, J, Wayman, J, Weegenaar, C, West, H, West, M, Whitehurst, L, Whyler, M, Wiggans, M, Wijeyekoon, S, Williams, G, Williams, R, Williamson, A, Williamson, J, Wilson, J, Winter, A, Wolpert, L, Wong, J, Yeap, E, Yeong, T, Zaman, S, Zappa, B, Zosimas, D, Moug S Mondragon‐Pritchard, M, Rehan, S, and van Boxel, G

Abstract

Background: \ud Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency, and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality across the world. The literature provides little information on the conservatively managed group. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of small bowel obstruction in the UK.\ud \ud Methods: \ud This prospective cohort study was conducted in 131 acute hospitals in the UK between January and April 2017, delivered by trainee research collaboratives. Adult patients with a diagnosis of mechanical small bowel obstruction were included. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included complications, unplanned intensive care admission and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Practice measures, including use of radiological investigations, water soluble contrast, operative and nutritional interventions, were collected.\ud \ud Results: \ud Of 2341 patients identified, 693 (29·6 per cent) underwent immediate surgery (within 24 h of admission), 500 (21·4 per cent) had delayed surgery after initial conservative management, and 1148 (49·0 per cent) were managed non‐operatively. The mortality rate was 6·6 per cent (6·4 per cent for non‐operative management, 6·8 per cent for immediate surgery, 6·8 per cent for delayed surgery; P = 0·911). The major complication rate was 14·4 per cent overall, affecting 19·0 per cent in the immediate surgery, 23·6 per cent in the delayed surgery and 7·7 per cent in the non‐operative management groups (P < 0·001). Cox regression found hernia or malignant aetiology and malnutrition to be associated with higher rates of death. Malignant aetiology, operative intervention, acute kidney injury and malnutrition were associated with increased risk of major complication.\ud \ud Conclusion: \ud Small bowel obstruction represents a significant healthcare burden. Patient‐level factors such as timing of surgery, acute kidney injury and nutritional status are factors that might be modified to improve outcomes.

Published
2019

20. Quality of life: a dynamic construct

Author

Allison, P.J., Locker, D., and Feine, J.S.

Subjects
Quality of life -- Measurement, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

The principle of Einstein's theory of special relativity is that an observer of an apparently moving body cannot be sure if the body really has moved, if he/she has moved or if both events have occurred. Although Einstein was discussing physical events, a similar hypothesis may apply to quality of life. When using quality of life instruments, one presumes that the point of reference (the observer in Einstein's terms) does not move, i.e. that an individual's attitude towards a particular construct will remain stable. Otherwise, changes in response to particular variables cannot be interpreted. However, attitudes are not constant: they vary with time and experience and are modified by such psychological phenomena as adaptation, coping, expectancy, optimism, self-control and self-concept. For example, eating problems may be extremely important at one point in a person's life. However, when oral discomfort has been diagnosed as cancer and treated with surgery or radiation, the same individual may 'objectively' demonstrate more problems when eating, but report them as less because they have now become relatively unimportant. Furthermore, paradoxical reports that some groups of ill individuals rate their quality of life higher than do 'healthy' persons raise similar questions concerning between-group point of reference differences. Investigators in the fields of organisational management, education and psychology have developed techniques such as 'then ratings', saliency indicators and individualised questionnaires in attempts to quantify within-subject variability and between-group differences pertaining to point of reference. We suggest that similar methods may help us to measure change in the impact of the different items of quality of life instruments. In this paper, we will describe the theories of change associated with quality of life measurement. In addition, we will present evidence suggesting that the point of reference does change, the reasons for this and possible solutions to the problem. Key words - adaptation, measurement, quality of life, response-shift bias

Published
1997

26. Outcomes following small bowel obstruction due to malignancy in the national audit of small bowel obstruction

Author

Drake, Thomas M., primary, Lee, Matthew J., additional, Sayers, Adele E., additional, Abercrombie, John, additional, Acheson, Austin, additional, Alderson, Derek, additional, Anderson, Iain, additional, Bradburn, Mike, additional, Davies, Michael, additional, Hamady, Zaed, additional, Hind, Daniel, additional, Hollyman, Marianne, additional, Hare, Sarah, additional, Lee, Ellen, additional, Northover, John, additional, Lewis, Christopher, additional, Marriott, Paul J., additional, Maynard, Nick, additional, McFall, Malcolm, additional, Muragananthan, Aravinth, additional, Murray, David, additional, Singh, Pritam, additional, Tierney, Gillian, additional, Verjee, Azmina, additional, Walsh, Ciaran, additional, Wild, Jonathan RL., additional, Wilson, Timothy, additional, Abbott, S., additional, Abdulaal, Y., additional, Afshar, S., additional, Akhtar, M., additional, Anderson, D., additional, Appleton, S., additional, Bandyopadhyay, D., additional, Bashir, G., additional, Behar, N., additional, Bhandari, S., additional, Branagan, G., additional, Boulton, R., additional, Borg, C., additional, Bouras, G., additional, Boyle, J., additional, Brewer, H., additional, Brown, L., additional, Briggs, C., additional, Cartmell, M., additional, Chan, S., additional, Chandratreya, N., additional, Conaghan, P., additional, Cornish, J., additional, Cotton, D., additional, Coyne, P., additional, Crozier, J., additional, Cook, T., additional, Cunha, P., additional, Curtis, N., additional, Day, A., additional, Dayal, S., additional, Dennis, R., additional, Dent, P., additional, Dowson, H., additional, Fallaize, R., additional, Farag, S., additional, El Farran, M., additional, Faulkner, G., additional, Giordano, P., additional, Grey, T., additional, Halahakoon, V., additional, Hannay, J., additional, Harikrishnan, A., additional, Holtham, S., additional, Hawkin, P., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hancock, L., additional, Hartley, J., additional, Howse, F., additional, Kallam, R., additional, Kakaniaris, G., additional, Kelly, S., additional, Lockwood, S., additional, Leinhardt, D., additional, Levy, B., additional, Lal, R., additional, Lazim, T., additional, Lund, J., additional, Lunevicius, R., additional, Mathur, P., additional, Maude, K., additional, McArthur, D., additional, McIlroy, B., additional, Miles, A., additional, Moug, S., additional, Mondragon-Pritchard, M., additional, Messenger, D., additional, Mullan, M., additional, Myers, A., additional, Muhammad, K., additional, Mason, C., additional, Sarveswaran, J., additional, Shatkar, V., additional, Singh, B., additional, Skelly, B., additional, Subramonia, S., additional, Swinscoe, M., additional, Thava, B., additional, Thorn, C., additional, Panagiotopoulos, S., additional, Patel, P., additional, Phillips, J., additional, Peristerakis, I., additional, Qureshi, A., additional, Saunders, M., additional, Shah, P., additional, Sheel, A., additional, Siddiqui, S., additional, Skaife, P., additional, Smart, N., additional, Smith, I., additional, Stevenson, L., additional, Stylianides, N., additional, Steinke, J., additional, Stubbs, B., additional, Thompson, R., additional, Varcada, M., additional, Vimalachandran, D., additional, Virlos, I., additional, Watfah, J., additional, Watson, N., additional, Walker, M., additional, Ventham, N., additional, West, H., additional, Wilson, J., additional, Wijeyekoon, S., additional, Ah-Chuen, J., additional, Ahmed, T., additional, Akram, F., additional, Aldred, E., additional, Ali, A., additional, Aly, M., additional, Amajuoyi, A., additional, Amin, V., additional, Andreou, A., additional, Ansari, A., additional, Ardley, R., additional, Arshad, F., additional, Ashour, O., additional, Asour, A., additional, Ayoub, F., additional, Azeem, H., additional, Azhar, B., additional, Baillie, C., additional, Barker, J., additional, Barkham, B., additional, Baron, R., additional, Barrie, J., additional, Barry-Yarrow, E., additional, Battersby, N., additional, Bazoua, G., additional, Berger, C., additional, Bhasin, S., additional, Biggs, S., additional, Bisset, C., additional, Blencowe, N., additional, Boddy, A., additional, Boereboom, C., additional, Bogdan, M., additional, Bogle, R., additional, Bohra, P., additional, Bolkan, H., additional, Boyer, M., additional, Broadhurst, J., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brown, J., additional, Burns, K., additional, Butcher, K., additional, Capper, C., additional, Cash, T., additional, Chapman, J., additional, Chapman, S., additional, Charalabopoulos, A., additional, Cheek, C., additional, Chok, S., additional, Choong, W., additional, Chowdhury, J., additional, Coe, P., additional, Conn, G., additional, Cook, N., additional, Cooper, S., additional, Cox, C., additional, Crook, R., additional, Cuffolo, G., additional, da Silva, L., additional, Das, B., additional, Davenport, M., additional, Davies, J., additional, Davies, T., additional, Dean, S., additional, Demetriou, G., additional, Dengu, F., additional, Dent, H., additional, Di Benedetto, G., additional, Dindyal, S., additional, Donnelly, E., additional, Douka, E., additional, Downham, C., additional, Edent, H., additional, Edgerton, K., additional, El-Sharif, M., additional, Elamin, O., additional, Elsaid, N., additional, Evans, J., additional, Evans, M., additional, Ewe, R., additional, Ewing, A., additional, Ferguson, H., additional, Fisher, O., additional, Fletcher, J., additional, Forouzanfar, A., additional, Foster, A., additional, Fox, R., additional, Francis, N., additional, Fretwell, V., additional, Fung, D., additional, Gammeri, E., additional, Garnham, J., additional, Geraghty, A., additional, Gilbert, A., additional, Gill, M., additional, Gillespie, M., additional, Glasbey, J., additional, Golder, A., additional, Green, N., additional, Groundwater, E., additional, Grove, T., additional, Habib, H., additional, Haddow, J., additional, Halkias, C., additional, Hampson, A., additional, Hanna, T., additional, Harries, R., additional, Harvey, K., additional, Hawkins, J., additional, Healy, R., additional, Heartshorne, R., additional, Heller, S., additional, Hendra, L., additional, Herrod, P., additional, Heywood, N., additional, Hicks, G., additional, Ng, P., additional, Hope, C., additional, Hopley, P., additional, Hossain, T., additional, Hossaini, S., additional, Hubbard, T., additional, Humphreys, A., additional, Ikram, H., additional, Ioannis, M., additional, Iqbal, M., additional, Jatania, J., additional, Jenkinson, P., additional, Jokhan, S., additional, Jones, A., additional, Jones, C., additional, Jones, L., additional, Joshi, H., additional, Joshi, K., additional, Joy, M., additional, Jull, P., additional, Kane, E., additional, Kanitkar, R., additional, Kauser, S., additional, Kazmi, F., additional, Kedrzycki, M., additional, Kendall, J., additional, Khan, T., additional, King, G., additional, Kisiel, A., additional, Kitsis, C., additional, Kolawole, I., additional, Kosasih, S., additional, Kosti, A., additional, Kotb, A., additional, Lau, A., additional, Lafaurie, G., additional, Lazzaro, A., additional, Lefroy, R., additional, Lennon, H., additional, Leong, K., additional, Lim, E., additional, Lim, J., additional, Lindley, S., additional, Liu, D., additional, Lloyd, P., additional, Locker, D., additional, Lowe, C., additional, Lunt, A., additional, Lutfi, S., additional, Luther, A., additional, Luwemba, S., additional, Mahankali-Rao, P., additional, Mai, D., additional, Majid, S., additional, Malik, A., additional, Manu, N., additional, Mapara, R., additional, Martin, C., additional, Martin, J., additional, Massey, L., additional, Mathias, J., additional, McCain, S., additional, McCluney, S., additional, McNair, A., additional, Mekhail, P., additional, Merchant, J., additional, Merker, L., additional, Mir, S., additional, Mistry, P., additional, Miu, V., additional, Moat, M., additional, Mohamed, E., additional, Mohamed, I., additional, Moore, N., additional, Moretti, L., additional, Morris, H., additional, Morrison, T., additional, Moss, J., additional, Mountford, D., additional, Moynihan, R., additional, Muldoon-Smith, D., additional, Mulholland, J., additional, Murgitroyd, E., additional, Murugaiyan, K., additional, Mykoniatis, I., additional, Nana, G., additional, Nash, T., additional, Nassar, A., additional, Newton, R., additional, Nguyen, K., additional, Nicholas, F., additional, Noor, M., additional, Nowers, J., additional, Nugent, C., additional, Nunn, A., additional, O'Callaghan, J., additional, O'Hara, R., additional, O'Neill, A., additional, Olivier, J., additional, Osei-Bordom, D., additional, Osgood, L., additional, Panchasara, B., additional, Parks, R., additional, Patel, H., additional, Pawelec, K., additional, Payne, C., additional, Pearson, K., additional, Perin, G., additional, Petronio, B., additional, Phelan, L., additional, Pisaneschi, C., additional, Pitt, J., additional, Ponchietti, L., additional, Powell, A., additional, Powell-Chandler, A., additional, Pranesh, N., additional, Proctor, V., additional, Qureshi, N., additional, Rahman, M., additional, Rai, Z., additional, Ramcharan, S., additional, Rangarajan, K., additional, Rashid, M., additional, Reader, H., additional, Rehman, A., additional, Rehan, S., additional, Rengifo, C., additional, Richardson, N., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Robinson, D., additional, Rossi, B., additional, Rutherford, F., additional, Sadien, I., additional, Saghir, T., additional, Sahnan, K., additional, Salahia, G., additional, Scott, B., additional, Scott, K., additional, Seager, A., additional, Seal, S., additional, Sezen, E., additional, Shaban, F., additional, Shahmohammadi, M., additional, Shamsiddinova, A., additional, Shankar, S., additional, Sharpe, A., additional, Shields, T., additional, Shinkwin, M., additional, Shurmer, J., additional, Siddika, A., additional, Simson, R., additional, Singh, S., additional, Sivaraj, J., additional, Skinner, A., additional, Smart, C., additional, Smith, F., additional, Smith, R., additional, Sreedhar, A., additional, Stewart-Parker, E., additional, Stott, M., additional, Symons, N., additional, Taj, T., additional, Tam, J., additional, Tan, K., additional, Tani, S., additional, Tao, D., additional, Thippeswamy, K., additional, Thomas, C., additional, Thompson, E., additional, Thompson-Reil, C., additional, Tongo, F., additional, Toth, G., additional, Turnbull, A., additional, Turnbull, J., additional, Wade, T., additional, Wafi, A., additional, Waite, K., additional, Walker, N., additional, Walker, T., additional, Walsh, U., additional, Wardle, S., additional, Warner, R., additional, Watt, J., additional, Watts, J., additional, Wayman, J., additional, Weegenaar, C., additional, West, M., additional, Whyler, M., additional, Whitehurst, L., additional, Wiggans, M., additional, Williams, G., additional, Williams, R., additional, Williamson, A., additional, Williamson, J., additional, Winter, A., additional, Wolpert, L., additional, Wong, J., additional, van Boxel, G., additional, Yeap, E., additional, Zaman, S., additional, Zappa, B., additional, Zosimas, D., additional, Anderson, O., additional, Athem, A., additional, Athersmith, M., additional, Badenoch, T., additional, Barker, S., additional, Bellam, S., additional, Boam, T., additional, Boland, M., additional, Blake, L., additional, Brown, O., additional, Butler, M., additional, Byrne, B., additional, Campbell, L., additional, Chow, M., additional, Da Costa, K., additional, Cutting, J., additional, Deputy, M., additional, Devoto, L., additional, Doody, P., additional, Ekpete, N., additional, Eljaafari, M., additional, Exarchou, K., additional, Faoury, M., additional, Farinella, E., additional, Gill, C., additional, Goh, M., additional, Gregoir, T., additional, Growcott, S., additional, Gunasekaran, S., additional, Harris, G., additional, Heard, R., additional, Hobson, B., additional, Iqbal, N., additional, Jain, R., additional, Kang, P., additional, Khan, M., additional, Korambayil, S., additional, Kouris, S., additional, Kshatriya, K., additional, Kumar, S., additional, Lee, K., additional, Mahroof, S., additional, Malik, K., additional, Mann, K., additional, Mansour, S., additional, Martin, R., additional, McKay, S., additional, McKinley, N., additional, McWhirter, D., additional, Mellor, K., additional, Mishra, A., additional, Mockford, K., additional, Morrison-Jones, V., additional, Ng, C., additional, Nunn, R., additional, O'Neill, S., additional, Oke, O., additional, Obeid, N., additional, Patel, R., additional, Patel, S., additional, Plunkett-Reed, K., additional, Pouzi, M., additional, Pywell, S., additional, Richards, E., additional, Sinclair, P., additional, Slim, N., additional, Spence, G., additional, Swinkin, M., additional, Tahir, W., additional, Takacs, K., additional, Tanner, N., additional, Taylor, M., additional, Valero, C., additional, Venn, M., additional, Venza, M., additional, Yeong, T., additional, and Fearnhead, Nicola S., additional

Published
2019
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27. Comparison Of Two Methods In Deriving A Short Version Of Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life Measure

Author

Saub, R., Locker, D., and Allison, P.

Subjects
oral health-related quality of life psychometric methods reliability shortened version validity impact profile ohip validation derivation
Abstract

Objective To compare two methods of developing short forms of the Malaysian Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-M) measure. Method Cross sectional data obtained using the long form of the OHIP-M was used to produce two types of OHIP-M short forms, derived using two different methods; namely regression and item frequency methods. The short version derived using a regression method is known as Reg-SOHIP(M) and that derived using a frequency method is known as Freq-SOHIP(M). Both short forms contained 14 items. These two forms were then compared in tenus of their content, scores, reliability, validity and the ability to distinguish between groups. Results Out of 14 items, only four were in common. The form derived from the frequency method contained more high prevalence items and higher scores than the form derived from the regression method. Both methods produced a reliable and valid measure. However, the frequency method produced a measure, which was slightly better in terms of distinguishing between groups. Conclusion Regardless of the method used to produce the measures, both forms performed equally well when tested for their cross-sectional psychometric properties. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Published
2017
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28. Validation of the Persian short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14).

Author

Ravaghi V, Farrahi-Avval N, Locker D, Underwood M, Ravaghi, Vahid, Farrahi-Avval, Niaz, Locker, David, and Underwood, Martin

Abstract

Purpose: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire measures oral health-related quality of life and is widely used for assessing subjective oral health status. The objective of the present study was to describe the translation and validation of the shortened 14-item OHIP for native Persian (Farsi) speakers living in Iran.Materials and Methods: The authors translated the OHIP-14 into Persian (OHIP-14-P), followed by back-translation into English, after which the Persian version was revised and modified. They administered the questionnaire to native Persian-speaking clients at a university-based dental clinic in Tehran, Iran (n = 240, 123 females and 117 males, mean age 39, range 18 to 76). They examined the convergent validity and discriminative validity of OHIP by analysing their association with various self-reported health outcomes. They evaluated the test–retest reliability by administering the instrument to 37 patients a second time. They analysed the internal consistency and reliability using a intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach's reliability coefficient, respectively.Results: The associations between scores of OHIP-14-P and its subscales with self-reported general (r(s) [Spearman's rank correlation coefficient] range 0.38 to 0.52) and oral health (r(s) range 0.25 to 0.45) confirmed convergent validity. Discriminative validity was confirmed through the significant relationship between OHIP-14-P scores with both the experience of pain and satisfaction with oral health (P < 0.001). The instrument's test–retest reliability (ICCs: 0.75 to 0.88) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.45 to 0.73 and Cronbach's α if subscale deleted: 0.88 to 0.85) were satisfactory.Conclusions: The Persian version of OHIP-14 was found to be a valid and reliable measure, and appropriate to be used among native Persian speakers visiting a dental clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

29. Irritable bowel syndrome patients versus responding and nonresponding temporomandibular disorder patients: a neuropsychologic profile comparative study.

Author

Grossi ML, Goldberg MB, Locker D, and Tenenbaum HC

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the use of neuropsychologic tests as a tool to differentiate, or not, between a nonresponding chronic pain condition of nonmuscular origin, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 20), versus 2 pain conditions of muscular origin, responding (n = 36) and nonresponding (n = 24) temporomandibular disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The neuropsychologic tests used were the simple and multiple-choice reaction-time tests, California Verbal Learning Tests, the Brown-Peterson Consonant Trigram Auditory Memory Test, Sleep Assessment Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory, as well as fatigue and energy level assessments (100-mm visual analog scale). RESULTS: Most of the tests used were capable of significantly differentiating between responding TMD versus IBS patients. Conversely, no statistically significant difference was found between nonresponding TMD versus IBS patients. Overall, the nonresponding TMD and IBS groups did worse in the neuropsychologic assessment than the responding TMD group, with higher memory deficits, levels of depression and fatigue, more sleep disturbances, and lower energy levels. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that 2 nonresponding chronic pain conditions of different origins may share similar neuropsychologic test results compared to a responding condition. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nonresponding chronic pain disorders, irrespective of peripheral location, may be regulated centrally and have similar neuropsychologic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

30. A prospective study on immediate loading of implants with mandibular overdentures: patient-mediated and economic outcomes.

Author

Attard NJ, Laporte A, Locker D, and Zarb GA

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aims of this report are to present the patient-based outcomes and associated clinical costs of an immediate loading protocol for mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were selected. Thirty-five consecutively treated patients received an immediate protocol, while 42 patients treated with a conventional protocol served as a historical control. Patient-based concerns for patients in the immediate group were measured at various stages of treatment with 2 questionnaires: the Denture Satisfaction Scale and the Oral Health Impact Profile. Direct clinical and time costs over a 1-year period were estimated and deflated to 2002 Canadian dollars. Salary rates by occupation, age, and gender were used to evaluate the patients' time costs. Treatment costs were compared between the 2 groups. Additionally, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for various stages with the immediate protocol were calculated. RESULTS: Significant improvements posttreatment were observed with both the Denture Satisfaction Scale (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .05) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (Friedman test, P < .05). The immediate protocol was associated with higher maintenance costs, with resultant higher total costs (Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05). No difference was observed in the time costs associated with the 2 protocols. Within-group analysis of costs at various stages of the immediate protocol suggested that treatment with implant-supported overdentures was more cost-effective than treatment with conventional dentures. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that implants in 1 jawbone lead to a substantial improvement in perceived oral health status. Furthermore, the immediate loading protocol was not cheaper than a conventional protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

31. Oral health status and treatment satisfaction with mandibular implant overdentures and conventional dentures: a randomized clinical trial in a senior population.

Author

Awad MA, Lund JP, Shapiro SH, Locker D, Klemetti E, Chehade A, Savard A, and Feine JS

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare elderly patients' satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life with mandibular two-implant overdentures and conventional dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty edentulous subjects aged 65 to 75 years were randomly assigned to two groups treated with maxillary conventional dentures and either a mandibular conventional denture (n = 30) or an overdenture supported by two implants with ball retainers (n = 30). Subjects rated their general satisfaction, as well as other features of their dentures (comfort, stability, ability to chew, speech, esthetics, and cleaning ability), prior to treatment and 2 months postdelivery. Changes in ratings on the original Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and its short form (OHIP-EDENT) were also used as indicators of oral health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The primary outcome of this study, ratings of general satisfaction 2 months postdelivery, was significantly better in the group treated with mandibular two-implant overdentures (P = .001). In addition, the implant group gave significantly higher ratings on comfort, stability, and ability to chew. Furthermore, using OHIP-EDENT, subjects who received mandibular two-implant overdentures had significantly fewer oral health-related quality of life problems than did the conventional group. CONCLUSION: These short-term results suggest that mandibular two-implant overdentures combined with maxillary conventional dentures provide better function and oral health-related quality of life than conventional dentures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

32. A modified short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for assessing health-related quality of life in edentulous adults.

Author

Allen F and Locker D

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a shortened version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) appropriate for use in edentulous patients and to evaluate its measurement properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the Ontario Study of Older Adults and a longitudinal clinical trial of implant-retained prostheses undertaken in Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK. All subjects completed an OHIP at baseline, and UK subjects also completed an OHIP posttreatment. Using an item impact reduction method, a shortened version of the OHIP (called OHIP-EDENT) was derived from both datasets. Discriminant validity and responsiveness properties of this modified version were compared with OHIP-14 and OHIP-49. RESULTS: Using an item impact method of reducing the 49 OHIP items produced very similar subsets in both Canadian and British populations; the modified version had little overlap with the current short version (OHIP-14). Discriminant validity properties of OHIP-EDENT were similar to OHIP-14 and OHIP-49. Using effect sizes to assess sensitivity to change, OHIP-EDENT exhibited less susceptibility to floor effects than OHIP-14 and appeared to measure change as effectively as OHIP-49. CONCLUSION: The modified shortened version of the OHIP derived in this study has measurement properties comparable with the full 49-item version. This modified shortened version may be more appropriate for use in edentulous patients than the current short version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

33. Reduced neuropsychologic measures as predictors of treatment outcome in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Author

Grossi ML, Goldberg MB, Locker D, and Tenenbaum HC

Abstract

Aims: To determine via a prospective investigation whether the presence of neuropsychologic or cognitive deficiencies could be identified in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and used to predict treatment outcome. This was based on the theory that measurable reductions in neuropsychologic and cognitive function might have a negative impact on treatment outcome in patients with essentially nontraumatic TMD, as has been shown for patients with posttraumatic TMD. Methods: Various neuropsychologic, psychosocial, and clinical parameters (including but not limited to the Peterson-Peterson Consonant Trigram Test and the California Verbal Learning Test) were used to pretest patients suffering from TMD prior to treatment. Patients were then entered into treatment, after which determination of treatment success was made both by the use of visual analog scales for pain and global transitional outcome measures (eg, 'better,' responders versus 'same/worse,' nonresponders). After determination of treatment success was made, treatment response was correlated with the various clinical, cognitive, and neuropsychologic test scores. Results: Overall, the nonresponders did worse in both the neuropsychologic and psychosocial assessments, with greater memory deficits, sleep disturbances, depression, and fatigue and lower energy levels as compared to responders. Among the best predictors of treatment outcome were the Peterson-Peterson Consonant Trigram Test scores, as well as the scores on the California Verbal Learning Test (ie, poorer test outcomes predicted nonresponse). Neither responders nor nonresponders could be distinguished from one another based on clinical parameters of maximum interincisal opening or muscle tenderness. Three psychosocial variables were also found to be predictors of poor outcome: sleep disturbance, fatigue, and income. Pretreatment pain on chewing was also found to be a reliable predictor of poor treatment outcome. Conclusion: We conclude that various neuropsychologic, psychosocial, and some clinical parameters may provide pretreatment prediction of treatment outcome in an idiopathic TMD population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001

39. DSP1, an HMG-like Protein, Is Involved in the Regulation of Homeotic Genes

Author

Decoville, M., Giacomello, E., Leng, M., and Locker, D.

Subjects
Drosophila -- Research, Homeostasis -- Genetic aspects, Mutation (Biology) -- Research, G proteins -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The Drosophila dsp1 gene, which encodes an HMG-like protein, was originally identified in a screen for corepressors of Dorsal. Here we report that loss of dsp1 function causes homeotic transformations resembling those associated with loss of function in the homeotic genes Sex combs reduced (Scr), Ultrabithorax (Ubx), and Abdominal-B. The expression pattern of Scr is altered in dsp1 mutant imaginal discs, indicating that dsp1 is required for normal expression of this gene. Genetic interaction studies reveal that a null allele of dsp1 enhances trithorax-group gene (trx-G) mutations and partially suppresses Polycomb-group gene (Pc-G) mutations. On the contrary, overexpression of dsp1 induces an enhancement of the transformation of wings into halteres and of the extra sex comb phenotype of Pc. In addition, dsp1 male mutants exhibit a mild transformation of A4 into A5. Comparison of the chromatin structure at the Mcp locus in wild-type and dsp1 mutant embryos reveals that the 300-bp DNase I hypersensitive region is absent in a dsp1 mutant context. We propose that DSP1 protein is a chromatin remodeling factor, acting as a trx-G or a Pc-G protein depending on the considered function.

Published
2001

43. The everyday impact of dentine sensitivity: personal and functional aspects

Author

Gibson, B., Boiko, O.V., Baker, S., Robinson, P.G., Barlow, A., Player, T., and Locker, D.

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system
Abstract

Research into oral health status and the impact of \ud oral conditions on everyday life has been developed\ud over \ud the last 30 years. To date it is not clear the degr\ud ee to which these measures can be applied to the pr\ud oblems \ud and impacts associated with dentine sensitivity. Th\ud ere has been very little research on the everyday i\ud mpact \ud of dentine sensitivity. The aim of this study was t\ud o explore the everyday experiences of dentine sensi\ud tivity; in \ud particular we were interested in the personal and f\ud unctional aspects of living with the condition. Par\ud ticipants \ud were purposively recruited from a general populatio\ud n to secure a range of experiences and views about \ud the \ud everyday impact of dentine sensitivity. Participant\ud s were adults (≥18) currently experiencing dentine \ud sensitiv\ud -\ud ity and were initially recruited using the research\ud team’s contacts and snowball sampling. Data were a\ud nalysed \ud through a framework induced from the data and infor\ud med by the literature on chronic illness, coping, i\ud llness \ud beliefs along with the general literature on the bi\ud opsychosocial impact of oral health. Data analysis \ud focussed \ud on detailing the range of impacts associated with t\ud he condition. Twenty three interviews were conducte\ud d with \ud 15 females and 8 males. The principal impacts on ev\ud eryday life were described as pain, impacts on func\ud tional \ud status and everyday activities such as eating, drin\ud king, talking, tooth brushing and social interactio\ud n in gen\ud -\ud eral. Impacts appeared to be related to a range of \ud individual and environmental inluences. The data in\ud dicate \ud the depth and complexity of the pain experiences as\ud sociated with dentine sensitivity. The length of a \ud partici\ud -\ud pant’s illness career appeared to be related to the\ud ir degree of control over the condition. These indi\ud ngs are \ud compatible with the psychological literature on pai\ud n and conirm that there are signiicant impacts asso\ud ciated \ud with dentine sensitivity in everyday life. Further \ud research into the everyday nature of dentine sensit\ud ive pain \ud would be beneicial.

Published
2010

46. DSP1Gene ofDrosophila melanogaster encodes an HMG-domain protein that plays multiple roles in development

Author

Mosrin-Huaman, M, Canaple, L., Locker, D., Decoville, M., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Drosophila melanogaster, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], High Mobility Group Proteins, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genes, Insect
Abstract

International audience; DSP1 is an HMG-box containing protein of Drosophila melanogaster which was first identified as a co-repressor of the Dorsal protein. Recently, the analysis of the structure of the gene has led us to propose that DSP1 is the Drosophila equivalent of the ubiquitous vertebrate HMG 1/2 proteins. In the present paper, the patterns of expression of DSP1 protein and RNA in adult flies and during development are reported. In the adults DSP1 protein is located in nurse cells of ovaries and in brain. During eggs development uniform expression of DSP1 protein persists until the end of germband retraction. At later stages, expression is restricted to the ventral nerve chord and brain. Using P-element mutagenesis, we have isolated a mutant deficient in DSP1 functions. Genetic studies of this mutant show that DSP1 protein is essential for the growth and the development of Drosophila. In addition to be a co-repressor of the transcriptional activator Dorsal our results provide compelling evidence that DSP1 is a regulator involved in several pathways necessary for the development of the fly.

Published
1998
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47. Validation of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14).

Author

Page LAF, Thomson WM, Jokovic A, Locker D, Foster Page, L A, Thomson, W M, Jokovic, A, and Locker, D

Abstract

While the use of adult oral-health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) measures in supplementing clinical indicators has increased, that for children has lagged behind, because of the difficulties of developing and validating such measures for children. This study examined the construct validity of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) in a random sample of 12- and 13-year-old New Zealanders. It was hypothesized that children with more severe malocclusions or greater caries experience would have higher overall (and subscale domain) CPQ(11-14) scores. Children (N = 430) completed the CPQ(11-14) and were examined for malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index) and dental caries. There was a distinct gradient in mean CPQ(11-14) scores by malocclusion severity, but there were differences across the four subscales. Children in the worst 25% of the DMFS distribution had higher CPQ(11-14) scores overall and for each of the 4 subscales. The construct validity of the CPQ(11-14) appears to be acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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48. The efficacy of nonopioid analgesics for postoperative dental pain: a meta-analysis

Author

Ahmad, N., Grad, H. A., Haas, D. A., Aronson, K. J., Jokovic, A., and Locker, D.

Subjects
Analgesics, Opioid, Pain, Postoperative, Codeine, Dentistry, Operative, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Drug Evaluation, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Research Article, Acetaminophen
Abstract

The evidence for the efficacy of nonopioid analgesics in the dental pain model was examined by conducting a meta-analysis. Studies were obtained by searching the literature from August 1996 back to 1975 using the terms pain, analgesics, and dentistry. This led to the review of 294 articles, of which 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pain scale results were transformed into a common percent scale and converted to N-weighted means with differences in efficacy considered significant using a 95% confidence interval. Collectively, therapeutic doses of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in dentistry were significantly more efficacious than the combination of acetaminophen (600 or 650 mg) with codeine (60 mg). Similarly, specific doses of each of diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, and ketorolac were significantly more efficacious than the commonly used acetaminophen-codeine combination. These quantitative results show that particular NSAIDs may be more efficacious than the acetaminophen-codeine combination for relief of postoperative dental pain.

Published
1997

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