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Global biodiversity gradients are generally expected to reflect greater species replacement closer to the equator. However, empirical validation of global biodiversity gradients largely relies on vertebrates, plants, and other less diverse taxa. Here we assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of global arthropod biodiversity dynamics using a beta-diversity framework. Sampling includes 129 sampling sites whereby malaise traps are deployed to monitor temporal changes in arthropod communities. Overall, we encountered more than 150,000 unique barcode index numbers (BINs) (i.e. species proxies). We assess between site differences in community diversity using beta-diversity and the partitioned components of species replacement and richness difference. Global total beta-diversity (dissimilarity) increases with decreasing latitude, greater spatial distance and greater temporal distance. Species replacement and richness difference patterns vary across biogeographic regions. Our findings support long-standing, general expectations of global biodiversity patterns. However, we also show that the underlying processes driving patterns may be regionally linked.

The iterative process of writing a co-authored manuscript may take several months to complete. Draft-in-a-day is an alternative group-based approach to writing that draws on concepts from social cognitive and group dynamics theories to efficiently write the first draft of a manuscript, while providing rich opportunities for trainees to develop their writing skills. The purpose of this paper is to explore the usefulness and acceptability of draft-in-a-day by examining individual's experiences using the draft-in-a-day protocol. Twelve participants (four professors, eight trainees) who had used the draft-in-a-day protocol completed an online questionnaire about their experiences. Participant responses were analyzed using Braun and Clark's (2006) thematic analysis. There were four broad themes: group/social aspects, writing process, effectiveness/efficiency, and other. Overall, participants found a benefit to using the draft-in-a-day protocol for team-based writing. Participants were receptive to the draft-in-a-day method of writing, reported being very likely to use it in the future (M = 4.9, SD = 0.28; scale 1-5), and provided suggestions for improvement. This early-stage research provides a framework for efficient group-based writing in sport and exercise psychology.

This document provides summaries of four research articles on various topics related to physical activity and well-being. The first article focuses on the psychological responses of elite college athletes to strength training, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors in shaping their psychological states. The second article reviews the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving athletic performance, highlighting the need for more rigorous research designs. The third article examines the impact of web-based physical activity interventions on behavior change, suggesting that composite engagement measures can provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between engagement and physical activity. The fourth article discusses the Fitness Buddies program, which pairs students to support each other's fitness journeys, and while it did not significantly increase physical activity levels, participants reported positive psychological outcomes and improved academic engagement. The article also discusses the use of gamification strategies to make physical activity more engaging for youth, noting both the positive psychological benefits and concerns about gender stereotypes and unregulated social interaction. Lastly, the document presents a study on the cognitive benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICT) among older adults, suggesting that both forms of exercise can potentially activate brain function in seniors. These summaries cover a range of topics related to health, well-being, and sports. [Extracted from the article]

This collection of research articles covers a range of topics related to sports and well-being. The first article examines the relationship between body image concerns and athlete status, finding that athletes generally report lower levels of body dissatisfaction compared to nonathletes. The second article discusses the need to address inequalities in youth sport, particularly in relation to race, gender, and sexuality. The third article explores the relationship between personality traits and emotions in learning contexts, specifically in foreign language classes. The fourth article examines the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety among German field hockey players, finding that it is similar to or lower than in other elite sports and the general population. The fifth article focuses on a trauma-informed mobile recreation program for youth experiencing homelessness, which aims to foster well-being through recreation and social connections. The final article discusses the need for standardization in ecological momentary assessment of movement behaviors to effectively target chronic disease prevention. Overall, these articles provide valuable insights into various aspects of sports and well-being, highlighting the need for further research and interventions to support athletes. [Extracted from the article]

Similarly, EE at baseline predicted an increase in BD over time, while baseline BD, BMI, and EE explained 63.4% of the variance in BD at follow-up. Https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000837 I Journal website: i https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/neu I Author website: i https://www.csusb.edu/profile/jacob.jones Do Rivalries Bring Out People's Best Performances? Https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2022.2092740 I Journal website: i https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/hmpe20 I Author website: i https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jordan-Sutcliffe Reclaiming Active Identities After Cancer Treatment Physical activity (PA) is an important component of recovery after cancer. I Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 95 i (1), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12371 I Journal website: i https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/20448325 I Author website: i https://pvm.zhb.tu-dortmund.de/en/team/alumni/dr-kai-niclas-klasmeier/ Bidirectionality Between Body Dissatisfaction and Excessive Exercise Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent among college women and pose significant threats to physical and psychological health. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that is chronic, progressive characterized by symptoms of relapsing fatigue and pain. Despite evidence supporting the use of physical activity (PA) for MS symptom management, low rates of PA participation are observed. Previous research suggests exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) can deter and decrease PA participation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ECEs and self-regulatory efficacy for MS symptom control predict important behavior-related outcomes for MS self-management (dependent variables: PA, maladaptive behavioral responses to illness, and perceived walking impairment). Method: Adults with MS (N = 110; aged 18 and over, with a patient-determined disease steps score of six or less) completed the following validated questionnaires: ECEs, MS symptom control self-efficacy, self-report moderate to vigorous physical activity, behavioral responses to illness, and perceived walking impairment. Results: ECEs significantly predicted behavioral responses to illness (β =.459, p <.01) and perceived walking impairment (β =.279, p <.01). The interaction between ECEs and self-regulatory efficacy significantly predicted all three dependent variables (βs ranged from.155 to.263, ps <.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate associations between ECEs and different illness- and mobility-related perceptions for persons with MS. Findings suggested that self-regulatory efficacy to manage MS symptoms varied based on low, moderate, or high levels of ECEs. Disability status is not easily modifiable; targeting social cognitions, like self-regulatory efficacy or ECEs, may be a promising way to promote PA for MS self-management. Impact and Implications: This study demonstrated that exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) predicted and interacted with symptom control self-regulatory efficacy to predict activity-related cognitions important for successful symptom management for individuals with multiple sclerosis. The biased lens associated with ECEs may make it more difficult to regulate physical activity (PA) and individuals who make cognitive errors might need high confidence to manage their symptoms. Modifying social cognitions, like self-regulatory efficacy or cognitive errors, may be one way to promote PA for symptom self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundObesity and being overweight are major contributing factors for many diseases. Calorie restricted diets often fail to result in sustained long-term weight loss. Very low–carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets have been suggested to have superior metabolic and weight loss effects. Keyto is a low-cost, highly scalable mobile health (mHealth) app paired with a noninvasive biofeedback tool aimed at facilitating weight loss through a personalized healthy and predominantly plant- and fish-based ketogenic diet. ObjectiveThis protocol describes a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the Keyto mHealth app and device intervention to that of Weight Watchers’ WW app in individuals who are overweight or obese. The primary outcome is weight loss after 12 weeks. Secondary and exploratory outcomes, including metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, will be assessed at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. MethodsA total of 144 participants will be recruited and randomized to either the Keyto program or Weight Watchers program. Study participants will be guided through the study via video conference or phone calls and will undergo a fasting blood analysis performed by a third-party diagnostic lab at weeks 0 and 12 to assess metabolic and cardiovascular risk markers. All participants will be asked to weigh themselves daily on a study-provided Bluetooth-enabled scale. Participants randomized to the Keyto arm will also be asked to measure their breath acetone levels, a measure of ketosis, with the Keyto device 3 times per day. ResultsRecruitment started in December 2019. Rolling recruitment is expected to be completed by July 2020. Data collection and analysis of the primary intervention phase is expected to be completed in October 2020. The 24- and 48-week follow-ups are expected to be completed in January 2021 and July 2021, respectively. ConclusionsThis trial will provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy of the Keyto weight loss program in individuals who are overweight and obese in a free-living condition. This study also fills a gap by examining the impact of a ketogenic diet emphasizing plant- and fish-based fats on blood lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04165707; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04165707. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/19053

To better understand exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) from a dual processing perspective, the purpose of this study was to examine their relationship to two automatic exercise processes. It was hypothesized that ECEs would account for more variance than automatic processes in predicting intentions, that ECEs would interact with automatic processes to predict intentions, and that exercise schema would distinguish between different levels of ECEs. Adults (N = 136, Mage = 29 years, 42.6% women) completed a cross-sectional study and responded to three survey measures (ECEs, exercise self-schema, and exercise intentions) and two computerized implicit tasks (the approach/avoid task and single-category Implicit Association Test). ECEs were not correlated with the two implicit measures; however, ECEs moderated the relationship between approach tendency toward exercise stimuli and exercise intentions. Exercise self-schema were differentiated by ECE level. This study expands our knowledge of ECEs by examining their relationship to different automatic and reflective processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundA number of mobile health (mHealth) apps exist that focus specifically on promoting exercise behavior. To increase user engagement, prompts, such as text messages, emails, or push notifications, are often used. To date, little research has been done to understand whether, and for how long, these prompts influence exercise behavior. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of prompts on mHealth self-monitoring and self-reported exercise in the days following a prompt and whether these effects differ based on exercise modality. MethodsOf the possible 99 adults at risk for developing type II diabetes who participated in a diabetes prevention program, 69 were included in this secondary analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 2 exercise conditions: high-intensity interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training. In the year following a brief, community-based diabetes prevention program involving counseling and supervised exercise sessions, all participants self-monitored their daily exercise behaviors on an mHealth app in which they were sent personalized prompts at varying frequencies. mHealth self-monitoring and self-reported exercise data from the app were averaged over 1, 3, 5, and 7 days preceding and following a prompt and subsequently compared using t tests. ResultsIn the year following the diabetes prevention program, self-monitoring (t68=6.82; P.05). In the first half of the year, self-monitoring was significant in the 3 days following a prompt (t68=8.61; P

Objective: Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between past physical activity, concurrent self-regulatory efficacy (CSRE), and current physical activity during the transition to university. Participants: Study 1 included 110 first-year undergraduate students recruited during October/November of 2012. Study 2 involved 86 first-year undergraduate students recruited during October/November of 2013. Methods: Surveys were completed online, concurrently (Study 1) and prospectively (Study 2). Results: CSRE was found to positively predict current physical activity participation in both studies. However, the relation of CSRE to physical activity was attenuated when past behavior was taken into account. Conclusions: Physical activity is one goal that university students pursue concurrently with other goals. Not only is current planned activity related to one's past participation in physical activity, it is also related to self-regulatory beliefs about managing that activity in the new context of university life.