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Le travail de Violaine Lochu se réalise sous différentes formes – vidéos, pièces radiophoniques, performances – dont le dénominateur commun est l’expression vocale. Il se fonde sur des traditions orales et sur la collecte des paroles d’autrui. À partir de récits, de chants, de manières de dire, Violaine Lochu construit une œuvre qui relève de la poésie sonore, qui met en jeu différents registres musicaux et qui se nourrit de psychanalyse, de linguistique, de sociologie. http://www.violainelochu.frC’est de trois conférences performances, Stranieri Ovunque, Animal Mimesis, et Stellar Acoustics Station qu’il est question ici. Violaine Lochu présente les conditions de leur genèse, les partis pris qui les régissent, la place qu’elles occupent dans l’ensemble de son travail. Elle montre les spécificités de cette forme-là dans le cadre de ses recherches sur l’oralité, en particulier sa capacité à mettre en question certaines valeurs et rapports de force.

International audience; Cell fate maintenance is an integral part of plant cell differentiation and the production of functional cells, tissues, and organs. Fleshy fruit development is characterized by the accumulation of water and solutes in the enlarging cells of parenchymatous tissues. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), this process is associated with endoreduplication in mesocarp cells. The mechanisms that preserve this developmental program, once initiated, remain unknown. We show here that analysis of a previously identified tomato ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant that exhibits abnormal mesocarp cell differentiation could help elucidate determinants of fruit cell fate maintenance. We identified and validated the causal locus through mapping-by-sequencing and gene editing, respectively, and performed metabolic, cellular, and transcriptomic analyses of the mutant phenotype. The data indicate that disruption of the SlGBP1 gene, encoding GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN1, induces early termination of endoreduplication followed by late divisions of polyploid mesocarp cells, which consequently acquire the characteristics of young proliferative cells. This study reveals a crucial role of plant GBPs in the control of cell cycle genes, and thus, in cell fate maintenance. We propose that SlGBP1 acts as an inhibitor of cell division, a function conserved with the human hGBP-1 protein.

International audience; A forward genetic strategy, combining tomato EMS mutant variability and mapping-by-sequencing (Garcia et al., 2016; Musseau et al., 2017) allowed the identification of a DYNAMIN protein, as a key regulator of tomato fruit tissue morphology. DYNAMINs (DYNs) are large GTPase that can interact with cytoskeleton-associating proteins. In animals, DYNs are reported to be involved in cytokinesis, membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and pathogen resistance (Konopka et al., 2006; Praefcke & Mcmahon, 2004). Plants present homologs for most dynamins found in animals, with some proven to be functional redundant. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of this particular dynamin have never been described in plants so far.In order to investigate its role in plants, experiments were conducted in both tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana models. dyn mutants share common aberrant cell size and shape, affecting pericarp cells in tomato and trichomes in Arabidopsis. Aberrant Arabidopsis trichome morphology is strikingly similar to the well described Arabidopsis mutants affected in the WAVE and ARP2/3 pathways, that are involved in actin filament nucleation (Isner et al., 2017; Sambade et al., 2014; Zimmermann et al., 2004). Our data suggest a role of this plant dynamin in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, supporting rapid cell elongation.

International audience; A forward genetic strategy, combining tomato EMS mutant variability and mapping-by-sequencing (Garcia et al., 2016; Musseau et al., 2017) allowed the identification of a DYNAMIN protein, as a key regulator of tomato fruit tissue morphology. DYNAMINs (DYNs) are large GTPase that can interact with cytoskeleton-associating proteins. In animals, DYNs are reported to be involved in cytokinesis, membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and pathogen resistance (Konopka et al., 2006; Praefcke & Mcmahon, 2004). Plants present homologs for most dynamins found in animals, with some proven to be functional redundant. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of this particular dynamin have never been described in plants so far.In order to investigate its role in plants, experiments were conducted in both tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana models. dyn mutants share common aberrant cell size and shape, affecting pericarp cells in tomato and trichomes in Arabidopsis. Aberrant Arabidopsis trichome morphology is strikingly similar to the well described Arabidopsis mutants affected in the WAVE and ARP2/3 pathways, that are involved in actin filament nucleation (Isner et al., 2017; Sambade et al., 2014; Zimmermann et al., 2004). Our data suggest a role of this plant dynamin in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, supporting rapid cell elongation.

Essentials Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is an extended half-life, recombinant human factor IX (FIX). One-stage clotting (OSC) and chromogenic FIX activity assays were assessed for N9-GP recovery. OSC STA®-Cephascreen®, ROX FIX and BIOPHEN FIX chromogenic assays were qualified for N9-GP. Other extended half-life factor products should be assessed in a similar way prior to approval. SummaryBackground Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is an extended half-life, glycoPEGylated recombinant human factor IX that is under development for the prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia B patients. Considerable reagent-dependent variability has been observed when one-stage clotting assays are used to measure the recovery of recombinant FIX products, including N9-GP. Objective To qualify select one-stage clotting and chromogenic FIX activity assays for measuring N9-GP recovery. Methods The accuracy and precision of the one-stage clotting assay (with the STA-Cephascreen activated partial thromboplastin [APTT] reagent) and the ROX Factor IX and BIOPHEN Factor IX chromogenic assays for measuring N9-GP recovery were assessed in N9-GP-spiked hemophilia B plasma samples in a systematic manner at three independent sites, with manufacturer-recommended protocols and/or site-specific assay setups, including different instruments. Results For each of the three FIX activity assays qualified on five different reagent–instrument systems, acceptable intra-assay and interassay accuracy and precision, dilution integrity, reagent robustness and freeze–thaw and short-term sample stabilities were demonstrated. The STA-Cephascreen assay showed a limited reportable range at one of the three qualification sites, and the BIOPHEN Factor IX assay showed suspect low-end sensitivity at one of the three qualification sites. An individual laboratory would account for these limitations by adjusting the assay's reportable range; thus, these findings are not considered to impact the respective assay qualifications. Conclusion The one-stage clotting assay with the STA-Cephascreen APTT reagent, the ROX Factor IX chromogenic assay and the BIOPHEN Factor IX chromogenic assay are considered to be qualified for the measurement of N9-GP in 3.2% (0.109 m) citrated human plasma.

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Resume Chirurgie majeure, avec de multiples voies d'abord, la chirurgie d'exerese du cancer de l'œsophage avec retablissement de la continuite digestive peut etre consideree comme une chirurgie propre contaminee. La duree de l'intervention, le terrain, une eventuelle radiochimiotherapie operatoire, la mise en place d'une plastie digestive (estomac ou colon) dans le mediastin, sont autant de facteurs favorisant la survenue de complications infectieuses postoperatoires tant locales que generales. Une antibioprophylaxie est indispensable. Elle aura pour cible les germes de la flore œsophagienne, gastrique et oropharyngee, la premiere, en cas de stenose, devenant souvent de type fecal. Les antibiotiques devront diffuser parfaitement au site operatoire et y etre presents a des concentrations suffisantes pendant toute la duree de l'intervention. Le protocole propose comporte, avant l'induction anesthesique, l'injection d'une dose unique ou par voie intraveineuse, d'une cephalosporine de 3 e generation, la ceftriaxone (2 g) associee a un nitro-imidazole, l'ornidazole (1 g). La demi-vie prolongee de ces deux molecules permet de couvrir la totalite de l'acte chirurgical. Une approche differente de la prevention des complications infectieuses postoperatoires de ce type de chirurgie a ete proposee : la decontamination digestive selective associee a une antibiotherapie initiale par voie systemique. Les resultats sont rapportes et analyses et demandent a etre confirmes.

Eighteen patients with an acute thrombosis of the splanchnic veins were reviewed. Most of apparently idiopathic cases of splanchnic vein thrombosis are related to an increased coagulation related to a congenital or acquired defect of haemostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a new and effective treatment. Nine male and 9 female patients (range of age : 19 to 81 years) experienced a mesenteric venous thrombosis. There were 14 mesenteric vein thromboses with infarction, two transient mesenteric venous ischaemias without bowel infarction and two acute thromboses of the splanchinc veins without bowel ischaemia. A coagulopathy was detected in seven patients : oral contraception, protein C (PC) or antithrombin III (AT III) congenital deficiencies, acquired deficiency of AT III, PC and protein S (PS), polycythaemia in the post-partum period and primary myeloproliferative disorder. No coagulopathy was associated with thrombosis in eight cases : mesenteric haematoma, splenomegaly, cirrhosis, appendicectomy, cholescytectomy, chronic heart failure, treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist and digitalis, stenosis of the portal anastomosis after liver transplantation. Twelve patients required surgery : eight intestinal bowel resections with immediate anastomosis, four resections without immediate anatomosis. Only one patient underwent a second look for a repeat bowel resection. No death occurred in the early postoperative period and 17 out of 18 patients were alive after 12 years. An oral anticoagulant therapy was undertaken from two months to seven years. However, three patients suffered a recurrent thrombosis. Two of them required a long-term anticoagulation. Six patients experienced a portal hypertension and oral anticoagulants were discontinued in three of them because of bleeding oesophageal varices. Six patients were treated only by unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) followed by oral anticoagulants. After laparotomy, two were only treated with UFH without any bowel resection, as mesenteric venous ischaemia was too extensive. These observations suggest that the choice between an appropriate medical or surgical treatment is important and must be discussed. Since 1989, the therapeutic choice has been modified by ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computed tomographic scan which confirmes diagnosis, allows to follow up and check the effects of anticoagulation and to choose the time for surgery. When the diagnosis is established and the patient's risk is low, the anticoagulant therapy is decided. UFH is administered by continuous infusion at the average dose of 500 IU · kg−1 · d−1 to obtain an antifactor Xa activity between 0.3 and 0.6 antiXa IU mL−1. When the diagnosis is uncertain and the patient's risk is high, a laparotomy is required. During surgery, UFH must be delivered at a low dose of 100–150 IU · kg−1 · d−1 and progressively increased to obtain the same antifactor Xa activity in two three days. Congenital or acquired AT III or PC deficiencies should be treated by appropriate concentrates. Duration of treatment with oral anticoagulants is not determined and has to be discussed. A 6-month therapy with an INR of 2.0 to 3.0 seems to be reasonable when no coagulopathy is associated with splanchnic venous thrombosis. A long term anticoagulation must be discussed when a coagulopathy is associated with a splanchnic venous thrombosis.

Resume Les resultats des enquetes familiales effectuees a partir de huit patients non apparentes porteurs d'un deficit hereditaire quantitatif de type I en antithrombine III, proteine C et proteine S. decouverts au cours de divers accidents thrombotiques sont rapportes. Trente et un sujets (patients et famille) sont porteurs d'un deficit congenital en inhibiteurs physiologiques de la coagulation : 2 deficits en AT III, 22 deficits en PC, 7 deficits en PS. La majorite des patients est jeune (

Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine as an aid in the treatment of schizophrenic states is commonly used in our hospital.Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of clozapine (CLZ) and its major metabolite desmethylclozapine (DMCLZ) in plasma and saliva, and investigation of the relationship between plasma concentrations of CLZ and DMCLZ and concentrations in saliva in patients treated with clozapine.Subjects were either inpatients or outpatients with a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=34). Determination of CLZ and DMCLZ saliva concentrations appeared to be a satisfactory method to check compliance to treatment, particularly in outpatients.Mean CLZ and DMCLZ plasma concentrations were 432+/-264 ng/ml (+/-SD) (range 90-1310 ng/ml) and 257+/-144 ng/ml (range 55-580 ng/ ml), respectively. The CLZ/DMCLZ plasma ratio was equal to 1.7+/-0-5 (daily dosage 7.2+/-2.3 mg/kg, n=34). Mean CLZ plasma and saliva levels were 336+/-157 ng/ ml (range 90-580 ng/ml) and 159+/-86 ng/ml (range 40-364ng/ml), respectively (r=0.56, n=14). Mean DMCLZ plasma and saliva levels were 196+/-112 ng/ ml (range 55-481 ng/ml) and 109+/-67ng/ml (range 40-250ng/ml), respectively (r=0.73, n=14). Mean CLZ/DMCLZ ratios determined in plasma and saliva were 1.9+/-0.6 (range 1.0-3.4) and 1.7+/-0.6 (range 1.0-3.2), respectively (r=0.85, n=14). CLZ and DMCLZ saliva concentrations appear to be useful for checking compliance to treatment, in particular among outpatients.

This study report clinical experience of Clozapine treatment in 48 chronic schizophrenic patients. At the study time, 35 patients are still under this treatment while 13 patients have stopped it. These two populations and their differences are presented. Clozapine experience is positive as testifies quality of life and social situation improvement in numerous cases.

Eighteen patients with an acute thrombosis of the splanchnic veins were reviewed. Most of apparently idiopathic cases of splanchnic vein thrombosis are related to an increased coagulation related to a congenital or acquired defect of haemostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a new and effective treatment. Nine male and 9 female patients (range of age: 19 to 81 years) experienced a mesenteric venous thrombosis. There were 14 mesenteric vein thromboses with infarction, two transient mesenteric venous ischaemias without bowel infarction and two acute thromboses of the splanchnic veins without bowel ischaemia. A coagulopathy was detected in seven patients: oral contraception, protein C (PC) or antithrombin III (AT III) congenital deficiencies, acquired deficiency of AT III, PC and protein S (PS), polycythaemia in the post-partum period and primary myeloproliferative disorder. No coagulopathy was associated with thrombosis in eight cases: mesenteric haematoma, splenomegaly, cirrhosis, appendicectomy, cholescytectomy, chronic heart failure, treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist and digitalis, stenosis of the portal anastomosis after liver transplantation. Twelve patients required surgery: eight intestinal bowel resections with immediate anastomosis, four resections without immediate anastomosis. Only one patient underwent a second look for a repeat bowel resection. No death occurred in the early postoperative period and 17 out of 18 patients were alive after 12 years. An oral anticoagulant therapy was undertaken from two months to seven years. However, three patients suffered a recurrent thrombosis. Two of them required a long-term anticoagulation. Six patients experienced a portal hypertension and oral anticoagulants were discontinued in three of them because of bleeding oesophageal varices. Six patients were treated only by unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) followed by oral anticoagulants. After laparotomy, two were only treated with UFH without any bowel resection, as mesenteric venous ischaemia was too extensive. These observations suggest that the choice between an appropriate medical or surgical treatment is important and must be discussed. Since 1989, the therapeutic choice has been modified by ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computed tomographic scan which confirms diagnosis, allows to follow up and check the effects of anticoagulation and to choose the time for surgery. When the diagnosis is established and the patient's risk is low, the IU . kg(-1) . d(-1) to obtain an antifactor Xa activity between 0.3 and 0.6 antiXa IU mL(-1). When the diagnosis is uncertain and the patient's risk if high a laparotomy is required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Surgery of oesophagus carcinoma is a long and major procedure. Perioperative radiochemotherapy is often required. Therefore many factors favour the occurrence of local and general postoperative infection, justifying an antibiotic prophylaxis directed against oesophageal and gastric flora. In case of oesophageal stenosis, the oesophageal floral often switches to the fecal type. Antimicrobial agents diffuse to the surgical site and reach there high concentrations for the time of surgery. We recommend, just prior the induction of anaesthesia the intravenous administration of a single dose of a third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone 2 g) and nitroimidazole (ornidazole 1 g). The long half-life of these agents allows sufficient concentrations at surgical site to be obtained and the efficacy of this regimen has been demonstrated. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract with systemic antibiotherapy is another approach for the prevention of postoperative complications of surgery of oesophagus carcinoma.

Recovery period after anaesthesia, even if short in ambulatory surgery, must not be neglected. Most of serious accidents occur in recovery period but recovery assessments are not clearly defined. Different scores exist. Home readiness requires integrity of vital functions. Tests of upper functions also exist but are not commonly and easily used. They don't disclaim physician responsibility and increase his task appreciably.

The families of eight unrelated patients were studied with regard to a hereditary deficiency in antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C, or protein S. These deficiencies were recognized in the course of investigations for deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in the eight patients. A group of 31 individuals (patients and family members), mostly less than 40-year-old was explored. Two cases of AT III deficiency were discovered, as well as 21 of protein C deficiency, and seven of protein S. Ten of the 30 have had recurrent venous thrombosis at the time of bedrest, trauma, surgery, pregnancy, postpartum or during oral contraceptive treatment. Spontaneous DVT occurred in three cases. Seventeen patients had remained asymptomatic till then. Such patients need antithrombotic treatment during surgery or pregnancy. Prophylactic treatment with enoxaparin in one patient (deficiency in protein C) during her second pregnancy is discussed. It seems that low molecular weight heparin may be a safe alternative to unfractionated heparin. Oral anticoagulants are efficient in preventing reoccurring venous thromboembolism in patients with AT III deficiency. The questions of whether oral anticoagulants should be continued in the long-term in patients with protein C or protein S deficiency who have had a DVT, and whether asymptomatic deficient patients should be given any antithrombotic treatment outside circumstances likely to induce a DVT, remain as yet unanswered.

Sont d'abord rappelees quelques definitions liees a l'effet de serre et au role des arbres et de la foret vis-a-vis de cet effet. Sont ensuite etudies le role direct du bois dans le stockage du carbone et la reduction du taux de gaz carbonique dans l'atmosphere, avec presentation de resultats d'etudes de modelisation, et l'effet indirect que permet le bois en tant qu'economiseur d'energie fossile. Si les effets direct et indirect des produits bois sur l'effet de serre sont une realite positive, l'augmentation effective de la part des marches du bois dans la construction pour accelerer cette reduction est une autre chose qui depend du comportement des consommateurs, et sur ce dernier point d'importantes actions de communication doivent se poursuivre.